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AIMS: Diverse genetic and/or external factors may induce psoriasis. Drug exposure is 1 such prominent external factor; antihypertensive drugs are reportedly associated with psoriasis, but study results have been inconsistent. In this context, we investigated the associations between antihypertensive drugs and incidence if psoriasis via a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Literature search in databases such as PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was conducted on 8 January 2021, and obtained data were pooled for meta- and network meta-analysis. Fixed- or random effect models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for evaluating the strength of the associations between antihypertensive drugs and psoriasis incidence. In addition to meta-analysis, Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed. ResultsThirteen eligible studies were included for meta-analysis with 6 378 116 individuals and 8 studies for network meta-analysis with 5 615 918 individuals. All antihypertensive drugs were significantly associated with psoriasis incidence. In a meta-analysis, the pooled ORs were 1.67 (95% CI: 1.31-2.13) for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, 1.40 (95% CI: 1.20-1.63) for s-blockers, 1.53 (95% CI: 1.23-1.89) for calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.40-2.06) for thiazide diuretics. For the comparative risks of psoriasis among antihypertensive drugs in the network meta-analysis, ORs were 2.09 (95% CI: 1.39-3.18) for ACE inhibitors, 1.35 (95% CI: 0.99-1.91) for BBs, 1.53 (95% CI: 1.07-2.24) for CCBs and 1.80 (95% CI: 1.23-2.66) for thiazide diuretics. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the associations between antihypertensive drugs and psoriasis; ACE inhibitors, BBs, CCBs and thiazide diuretics increased the risk of psoriasis. Therefore, antihypertensive drug users should be carefully monitored for psoriasis.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine OATP1B1 (SLCO1B1) and OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3) on the pharmacokinetics of valsartan. Twenty-five subjects were genotyped for 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3 genes. Methods: After a single dose of 160 mg of valsartan was orally administered to healthy male volunteers, drug concentrations were assayed up to 48 h. The 25 subjects were genotyped for 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3 genes. Subjects were classified into groups according to their SLCO1B1*1B haplotype, 23 subjects were carriers of SLCO1B1*1B and two subjects were included in the reference group with SLCO1B1*1A/*1A. Alternations of the splicing factor-binding site pattern caused by the given mutation were evaluated with the Human Splicing Finder (HSF) 3.1. Results: The subjects who carried SLCO1B1*1B showed a 2.3-fold higher clearance than those without the *1B haplotype. Mean Cmax and AUCinf were reduced by 45% and 54%, respectively, in the SLCO1B1*1B genotype group compared to the reference group with the *1A/*1A genotype (p &lt, 0.01). The carriers of the rs4149153 T allele of SLCO1B3 had a 27% lower mean Cmax and a 1.5-fold higher Vd compared to homozygotic CC carriers (p &lt, 0.05). In a combined analysis of SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3, subjects not carrying SLCO1B1 *1B and carrying SLCO1B3 rs4149153 T allele showed a 1.6-fold higher clearance than those with the other genotypes, whereas mean Cmax and AUClast were reduced by 35% and 42%, respectively (p &lt, 0.05), in the subjects. HSF 3.1 analysis showed that rs4149153 could cause alterations of the acceptor splice site (TAAATACTAAAGAC to TAAATATTAAAGAC) with scoring change (from 72.57 to 71.92, difference = −0.9). Conclusion: It was found that plasma exposure to valsartan is significantly decreased in SLCO1B1*1B carriers and carriers of the rs4149153 T allele of SLCO1B3, possibly as a result of increased hepatic uptake.

BackgroundThe ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is likely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via β cell function modification, but the evidence on the association remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the ABCA1 69C>T polymorphism and the risk of T2DM through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Materials and MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for qualified studies published until August 2020. Studies that included the association between the ABCA1 69C>T polymorphism and the risk of T2DM were reviewed. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated.ResultsWe analyzed data from a total of 10 studies involving 17,742 patients. We found that the CC or CT genotype was associated with increased risk of T2DM than the TT genotype (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.02-1.93). In the Asian population, the C allele carriers had a higher risk of T2DM than those with the TT genotype; the ORs of the CC and CT genotypes were 1.80 (95% CI, 1.21-2.68) and 1.61 (95% CI, and 1.29-2.01), respectively.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis confirmed that the ABCA1 69C>T genotype showed a decrease risk of T2DM compared to the CC or CT genotypes.

Purpose Two common variants, CYP2C9*2 (Arg144Cys, rs1799853) and CYP2C9*3 (Ile359Leu, rs1057910), are known to reduce the catalytic function of the CYP2C9 enzyme. Because impaired catalytic function is likely to affect sulfonylurea metabolism, it is predictable that CYP2C9 loss-of-function alleles may increase the risk of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between CYP2C9 genotype and hypoglycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving sulfonylurea. Methods We searched for studies on the association between CYP2C9 genotype and sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia among patients with T2DM, published through August 7, 2020, using PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated. Findings Five cohort studies and 2 case-control studies were included, and the total number of patients analyzed in this meta-analysis was 2769. The CYP2C9 variant alleles were associated with an increase in sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia compared with wild-type homozygote (OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03–1.48). Compared with CYP2C9 wild-type homozygotes, CYP2C9*2 allele was associated with increased incidence of hypoglycemia (OR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.18–2.89), whereas the CYP2C9*3 allele failed to show the statistical significance (OR = 1.67; 95% CI, 0.40–6.86; P = 0.48). Implications On the basis of these results, CYP2C9 genotyping may be useful for predicting the risk of hypoglycemia during sulfonylurea treatment for T2DM.

Introduction The aim of this study is to identify the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) proneness and aggressive propensity in adolescents. Methods A quantitative, large‐scale, cross‐sectional study was performed from April to May 2016 in Korea. The survey questionnaire included overall health behaviors, as well as scales for assessing ADHD proneness (revised short form of the Conners‐Wells Adolescent Self‐Report Scale; CASS[S]) and aggressive behavior (Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire; BPAQ) in adolescents. Area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curves was constructed to determine the cut‐off value of total aggression score for discriminating ADHD proneness. Results A total of 2,432 students participated in the survey, and 1,872 of them completed the questionnaire, indicating a response rate of 77.0%. Based on CASS(S), 33 (1.8%) subjects were classified as the ADHD group. AUROC curve analysis showed that a score of 68.5 points had higher sensitivity (83.3%) and specificity (69.4%) to discriminate ADHD proneness. ADHD proneness was significantly associated with higher aggression subdomain scores (physical, verbal, anger, and hostility). Especially, anger and hostility had a stronger relationship with ADHD proneness than did physical and verbal aggression. A multivariable analysis demonstrated that ADHD proneness was significantly related to body mass index in the top 10% of the study population, alcohol consumption, gastrointestinal trouble, daytime sleepiness, and total aggression score of 68.5 points or higher. Adolescents who had total aggression scores of 68.5 points or higher showed a 9.8‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3–28.8) higher risk of ADHD compared with those who had scores less than 68.5 points. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that ADHD proneness was significantly associated with aggression propensity. In particular, anger and hostility were more closely associated with ADHD proneness than were other aggression subdomains., This large‐scale cross‐sectional study showed that ADHD proneness was associated with aggression propensity in adolescents. In subdomains of aggression, anger and hostility, which are inconspicuous behaviors, showed stronger association with ADHD tendency than did other aggression subdomains.

Objectives: In this study, we identified the health-related behaviors associated with aggression and examined the trends in both aggression and health-related behaviors among adolescents in the Republic of Korea. Methods: We used 2 cross-sectional samples of adolescents collected from the same geographic region 10 years apart. We measured aggression using the Aggression Questionnaire. Subject characteristics of the questionnaire included age, sex, caffeine intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, regular exercise, use of medications, and unstable mood. Results: Data pertaining to 1316 and 894 students were extracted from 2006 and 2016 surveys, respectively. Based on the multivariate results, sex and smoking were associated with physical aggression in both surveys, whereas sex and unstable mood were linked to verbal aggression. Alcohol consumption, unstable mood, and use of pain medications were related to anger; indigestion and unstable mood were associated with hostility in both years. The total aggression score was significantly related to alcohol consumption and unstable mood in both years after adjusting for other confounders. Conclusions: Health-related behaviors such as alcohol consumption and unstable mood showed meaningful relations with aggression. Accordingly, we should increase public awareness of factors associated with aggression, and government agencies and schools should implement comprehensive prevention efforts.

Purpose: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is involved in the metabolism of statins; CYP3A5 is the main enzyme responsible for lipophilic statin metabolism. However, the evidence of the association between CYP3A5*3 polymorphism and the risk of statin-induced adverse events remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism and the risk of statin-induced adverse events. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched for qualified studies published until August 2020. Observational studies that included the association between statin-induced adverse events and the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism were reviewed. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated to assess the strength of the relationship. The Mantel–Haenszel method was used to provide the pooled ORs. Heterogeneity was estimated with I2 statistics and publication bias was determined by Begg’s and Egger’s test of the funnel plot. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.4) and R Studio (version 3.6). Results: In total, data from 8 studies involving 1614 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The CYP3A5*3 polymorphism was found to be associated with the risk of statin-induced adverse events (*3/*3 vs. *1/*1 + *1/*3: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.08–1.82). For myopathy, the pooled OR was 1.30 (95% CI: 0.96–1.75). The subgroup analysis of statin-induced myopathy revealed a trend, which did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism affected statin-induced adverse event risk. Therefore, CYP3A5 genotyping may be useful to predict statin toxicity.

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety proneness and aggressive behavior in adolescents. Methods A quantitative, large scale cross-sectional study was conducted in Korea. The survey questionnaire included general health behavior and scales for assessing anxiety (Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale; RCMAS) and aggressive behavior (The Aggression Questionnaire; AQ) in adolescents. Results A total of 2432 students participated in the survey, and 1933 individuals completed the questionnaire, indicating a response rate of 79.5%. Based on RCMAS, 163 (8.4%) subjects were classified as the anxiety group. Aggressive behavior was significantly associated with higher anxiety scores. In particular, among four subdomains of aggression, anger and hostility had a stronger relationship with anxiety than did physical and verbal aggression. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that anxiety was independently associated with gender, age, headache, constipation, asthma, and aggression score. Adolescents with total aggression scores of 69 or higher showed a 9-fold (AOR = 9.00, CI = 6.33–13.51) higher risk of anxiety compared to those with under 69. Conclusion Aggression and anxiety are important aspects of mental health in adolescents. Our results demonstrated that higher risk of anxiety was associated with total aggression scores. In particular, indirect aggression (i.e. anger and hostility) was more closely associated with anxiety than direct aggression.