69 results on '"González-Peñas J"'
Search Results
2. A longitudinal study of gene expression in first-episode schizophrenia; exploring relapse mechanisms by co-expression analysis in peripheral blood
- Author
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Gassó, P., Rodríguez, N., Martínez-Pinteño, A., Mezquida, G., Ribeiro, M., González-Peñas, J., Zorrilla, I., Martínez-Sadurni, L., Rodriguez-Jimenez, R., Corripio, I., Sarró, S., Ibáñez, A., Usall, J., Lobo, A., Moren, C., Cuesta, M. J., Parellada, M., González-Pinto, A., Berrocoso, E., Bernardo, M., and Mas, S.
- Published
- 2021
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3. Exploring the biological role of postzygotic and germinal de novo mutations in ASD
- Author
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Alonso-Gonzalez, A., Calaza, M., Amigo, J., González-Peñas, J., Martínez-Regueiro, R., Fernández-Prieto, M., Parellada, M., Arango, C., Rodriguez-Fontenla, Cristina, and Carracedo, A.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A second update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
- Author
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Kanai, M, Andrews, S, Cordioli, M, Stevens, C, Neale, B, Daly, M, Ganna, A, Pathak, G, Iwasaki, A, Karjalainen, J, Mehtonen, J, Pirinen, M, Chwialkowska, K, Trankiem, A, Balaconis, M, Veerapen, K, Wolford, B, Ahmad, H, von Hohenstaufen Puoti, K, Boer, C, Boua, P, Butler-Laporte, G, Cadilla, C, Chwiałkowska, K, Colombo, F, Douillard, V, Dueker, N, Dutta, A, El-Sherbiny, Y, Eltoukhy, M, Esmaeeli, S, Faucon, A, Fave, M, Cadenas, I, Francescatto, M, Francioli, L, Franke, L, Fuentes, M, Durán, R, Cabrero, D, Harry, E, Jansen, P, Szentpéteri, J, Kaja, E, Kirk, C, Kousathanas, A, Krieger, J, Patel, S, Lemaçon, A, Limou, S, Lió, P, Marouli, E, Marttila, M, Medina-Gómez, C, Michaeli, Y, Migeotte, I, Mondal, S, Moreno-Estrada, A, Moya, L, Nakanishi, T, Nasir, J, Pasko, D, Pearson, N, Pereira, A, Priest, J, Prijatelj, V, Prokić, I, Teumer, A, Várnai, R, Romero-Gómez, M, Roos, C, Rosenfeld, J, Ruolin, L, Schulte, E, Schurmann, C, Sedaghati-khayat, B, Shaheen, D, Shivanathan, I, Sipeky, C, Sirui, Z, Striano, P, Tanigawa, Y, Remesal, A, Vadgama, N, Vallerga, C, van der Laan, S, Verdugo, R, Wang, Q, Wei, Z, Zainulabid, U, Zárate, R, Auton, A, Shelton, J, Shastri, A, Weldon, C, Filshtein-Sonmez, T, Coker, D, Symons, A, Aslibekyan, S, O’Connell, J, Ye, C, Hatoum, A, Agrawal, A, Bogdan, R, Colbert, S, Thompson, W, Fan, C, Johnson, E, Niazyan, L, Davidyants, M, Arakelyan, A, Avetyan, D, Bekbossynova, M, Tauekelova, A, Tuleutayev, M, Sailybayeva, A, Ramankulov, Y, Zholdybayeva, E, Dzharmukhanov, J, Kassymbek, K, Tsechoeva, T, Turebayeva, G, Smagulova, Z, Muratov, T, Khamitov, S, Kwong, A, Timpson, N, Niemi, M, Rahmouni, S, Guntz, J, Beguin, Y, Pigazzini, S, Nkambule, L, Georges, M, Moutschen, M, Misset, B, Darcis, G, Gofflot, S, Bouysran, Y, Busson, A, Peyrassol, X, Wilkin, F, Pichon, B, Smits, G, Vandernoot, I, Goffard, J, Tiembe, N, Morrison, D, Afilalo, J, Mooser, V, Richards, J, Rousseau, S, Durand, M, Forgetta, V, Laurent, L, Afrasiabi, Z, Bouab, M, Tselios, C, Xue, X, Afilalo, M, Oliveira, M, St-Cyr, J, Boisclair, A, Ragoussis, J, Auld, D, Kaufmann, D, Lathrop, G, Bourque, G, Décary, S, Falcone, E, Montpetit, A, Piché, A, Renoux, C, Tremblay, K, Tse, S, Zawati, M, Davis, L, Cox, N, Below, J, Sealock, J, Shuey, M, Polikowsky, H, Petty, L, Shaw, D, Chen, H, Zhu, W, Schmidt, A, Ludwig, K, Maj, C, Rolker, S, Balla, D, Behzad, P, Nöthen, M, Fazaal, J, Keitel, V, Jensen, B, Feldt, T, Marx, N, Dreher, M, Pink, I, Cornberg, M, Illig, T, Lehmann, C, Schommers, P, Rybniker, J, Augustin, M, Knopp, L, Kurth, I, Eggermann, T, Volland, S, Berger, M, Brenner, T, Hinney, A, Witzke, O, Konik, M, Bals, R, Herr, C, Ludwig, N, Walter, J, Latz, E, Schmidt, S, Brooks, J, Bull, S, Elliott, L, Gagnon, F, Greenwood, C, Hung, R, Lawless, J, Paterson, A, Sun, L, Rauh, M, Briollais, L, Gingras, A, Bombard, Y, Pugh, T, Simpson, J, Goneau, L, Halevy, A, Maslove, D, Borgundvaag, B, Devine, L, Bearss, E, Richardson, D, Arnoldo, S, Friedman, S, Taher, A, Stern, S, Dagher, M, Vasilevska-Ristovska, J, Biggs, C, Mickiewicz, B, Strug, L, Scherer, S, Aziz, N, Jones, S, Knoppers, B, Lathrop, M, Turvey, S, Yeung, R, Allen, U, Cheung, A, Herridge, M, Hunt, M, Lerner-Ellis, J, Taher, J, Parekh, R, Hiraki, L, Cowan, J, Ducharme, F, Ostrowski, M, Bernier, F, Kellner, J, Garg, E, Yoo, S, Vlasschaert, C, Frangione, E, Chung, M, Noor, A, Greenfeld, E, Colwill, K, Clausen, M, Chao, G, Yue, F, Fritzler, M, Whitney, J, Thiruvahindrapuram, B, Garant, J, Abraham, R, Davis, A, Campigotto, A, Papenburg, J, Niranjan, K, Betschel, S, Sadarangani, M, Barton-Forbes, M, Hanley, M, Fung, C, Lapadula, E, Macdonald, G, Puopolo, M, Kaushik, D, Nirmalanathan, K, Wong, I, Khan, Z, Zarei, N, Michalowska, M, Modi, B, Persia, P, Estacio, A, Buchholz, M, Cheatley, P, Lorenti, M, Aman, N, Matveev, V, Budylowski, P, Upton, J, Morris, S, Boyd, T, Chowdhary, S, Casalino, S, Morgan, G, Mighton, C, Mcgeer, A, Mazzulli, T, Mcleod, S, Binnie, A, Faghfoury, H, Chertkow, H, Racher, H, Serbanescu, M, Pavenski, K, Esser, M, Thompson, G, Herbrick, J, Gignoux, C, Wicks, S, Crooks, K, Barnes, K, Daya, M, Shortt, J, Rafaels, N, Chavan, S, Schulze, T, Heilbronner, U, Papiol, S, Corbetta, A, Wendtner, C, Spinner, C, Erber, J, Schneider, J, Winter, C, Wiltfang, J, Budde, M, Senner, F, Kalman, J, Protzer, U, Mueller, N, Mousas, A, Liontos, A, Christaki, E, Milionis, H, Tsilidis, K, Asimakopoulos, A, Kanellopoulou, A, Markozannes, G, Biros, D, Milionis, O, Tsourlos, S, Athanasiou, L, Kolios, N, Pappa, C, Papathanasiou, A, Pargana, E, Nasiou, M, Kosmidou, M, Rapti, I, Ntotsikas, E, Chaliasos, K, Ntzani, E, Evangelou, E, Gartzonika, K, Georgiou, I, Tzoulaki, I, Ellinghaus, D, Degenhardt, F, Cáceres, M, Juzenas, S, Lenz, T, Albillos, A, Julià, A, Prati, D, Solligård, E, Garcia, F, Tran, F, Hanses, F, Baselli, G, Zoller, H, Holter, J, Fernández, J, Barretina, J, Valenti, L, Bujanda, L, Buti, M, D’Amato, M, Banales, J, Rosenstiel, P, Koehler, P, Invernizzi, P, de Cid, R, Asselta, R, Schreiber, S, Duga, S, Hehr, U, Franke, A, Maya-Miles, D, Hov, J, Karlsen, T, Folseraas, T, Teles, A, Tanck, A, Gassner, C, Azuure, C, Wacker, E, Uellendahl-Werth, F, Hemmrich-Stanisak, G, Elabd, H, Kässens, J, Arora, J, Lerga-Jaso, J, Wienbrandt, L, Rühlemann, M, Wendorff, M, Figuera Basso, M, Vadla, M, Wittig, M, Braun, N, Lenning, O, Özer, O, Myhre, R, Raychaudhuri, S, Wesse, T, Albrecht, W, Yi, X, Ortiz, A, de Salazar, A, Chercoles, A, Palom, A, Ruiz, A, Garcia-Fernandez, A, Blanco-Grau, A, Mantovani, A, Holten, A, Bandera, A, Cherubini, A, Protti, A, Aghemo, A, Gerussi, A, Ramirez, A, Nebel, A, Barreira, A, Lleo, A, Kildal, A, Biondi, A, Caballero-Garralda, A, Gori, A, Glück, A, Lind, A, Nolla, A, Latiano, A, Fracanzani, A, Peschuck, A, Cavallero, A, Dyrhol-Riise, A, Ruello, A, Muscatello, A, Voza, A, Rando-Segura, A, Solier, A, Cortes, B, Mateos, B, Nafria-Jimenez, B, Schaefer, B, Bellinghausen, C, Ferrando, C, de la Horra, C, Quereda, C, Scollo, C, Lange, C, Hu, C, Paccapelo, C, Angelini, C, Cappadona, C, Bianco, C, Cea, C, Sancho, C, Hoff, D, Galimberti, D, Haschka, D, Jiménez, D, Pestaña, D, Toapanta, D, Muñiz-Diaz, E, Azzolini, E, Sandoval, E, Binatti, E, Scarpini, E, Casalone, E, Urrechaga, E, Paraboschi, E, Pontali, E, Reverter, E, Calderón, E, Navas, E, Contro, E, Arana-Arri, E, Aziz, F, Sánchez, F, Ceriotti, F, Martinelli-Boneschi, F, Peyvandi, F, Blasi, F, Malvestiti, F, Medrano, F, Mesonero, F, Rodriguez-Frias, F, Müller, F, Bellani, G, Pesenti, A, Zanella, A, Grasselli, G, Pezzoli, G, Costantino, G, Albano, G, Cardamone, G, Bellelli, G, Citerio, G, Foti, G, Lamorte, G, Matullo, G, Kurihara, H, Neb, H, My, I, Hernández, I, de Rojas, I, Galván-Femenia, I, Afset, J, Heyckendorf, J, Damås, J, Ampuero, J, Martín, J, Erdmann, J, Badia, J, Dopazo, J, Bergan, J, Quero, J, Goikoetxea, J, Delgado, J, Guerrero, J, Risnes, K, Banasik, K, Müller, K, Gaede, K, Garcia-Etxebarria, K, Tonby, K, Heggelund, L, Bettini, L, Sumoy, L, Terranova, L, Gustad, L, Garbarino, L, Santoro, L, Téllez, L, Roade, L, Ostadreza, M, Intxausti, M, Kogevinas, M, Riveiro-Barciela, M, Schaefer, M, Gutiérrez-Stampa, M, Carrabba, M, Valsecchi, M, Hernandez-Tejero, M, Vehreschild, M, Manunta, M, Acosta-Herrera, M, D’Angiò, M, Baldini, M, Cazzaniga, M, Marquié, M, Castoldi, M, Cecconi, M, Tomasi, M, Boada, M, Joannidis, M, Mazzocco, M, Ciccarelli, M, Rodríguez-Gandía, M, Bocciolone, M, Miozzo, M, Ayo, N, Blay, N, Chueca, N, Montano, N, Martínez, N, Cornely, O, Palmieri, O, Faverio, P, Preatoni, P, Bonfanti, P, Omodei, P, Tentorio, P, Castro, P, Rodrigues, P, Izquierdo-Sanchez, L, España, P, Hoffmann, P, Bacher, P, de Pablo, R, Ferrer, R, Gualtierotti, R, Gallego-Durán, R, Nieto, R, Carpani, R, Morilla, R, Badalamenti, S, Haider, S, Ciesek, S, Bombace, S, Marsal, S, Klein, S, Pelusi, S, Wilfling, S, Goerg, S, Bosari, S, Brunak, S, Heilmann-Heimbach, S, Aliberti, S, Dudman, S, Zheng, T, Bahmer, T, Pumarola, T, Cejudo, T, Rimoldi, V, Monzani, V, Skogen, V, Friaza, V, Andrade, V, Moreno, V, Peter, W, Farre, X, Khodamoradi, Y, Grimsrud, M, May, S, Colombo, A, Virginia, M, Dorador, C, Fuentes-Guajardo, M, Silva, A, Espinosa-Parrilla, Y, Yáñez, C, Retamales-Ortega, R, Saez Hidalgo, J, Tobar-Calfucoy, E, Carvajal-Silva, L, Martínez, M, Cerpa, L, Christian, M, Cappelli, C, Valenzuela-Jorquera, H, Zapata-Contreras, D, Zuñiga-Pacheco, P, Nova-Lamperti, E, Sanhueza, S, Donoso, G, Bocchieri, P, Kochifas, P, Quiñones, L, Pedersen, O, Geller, F, Westergaard, D, Sequeros, C, Nissen, J, Nielsen, S, Feldt-Rasmussen, U, Bliddal, S, Grønbæk, K, Ullum, H, Ostrowski, S, Feenstra, B, Shahin, D, Sobh, A, Shoma, A, Nkambul, L, Elhadidy, T, Abd Elghafar, M, El-Jawhari, J, Mohamed, A, Elnagdy, M, Samir, A, Abdel-Aziz, M, Khafaga, W, El-Lawaty, W, Torky, M, El-Shanshory, M, Elzeiny, A, Rashad, A, Mansour, T, Yassen, A, Hegazy, M, Okasha, K, Eid, M, Hanteera, M, Medina-Gomez, C, Ikram, M, Uitterlinden, A, Ripatti, S, Jermy, B, Ruotsalainen, S, Kristiansson, K, Koskelainen, S, Perola, M, Donner, K, Kivinen, K, Palotie, A, Kaunisto, M, Julienne, H, Aschard, H, Deleuze, J, Debette, S, Tregouet, D, Abel, L, Henches, L, Lefloch, E, Claire, D, Sakuntabhai, A, Bourgeron, T, Olaso, R, Daian, D, Pellegrin, I, Casanova, J, Cobat, A, Jouanguy, E, Zhang, Q, Ghosn, J, Mentré, F, Laouénan, C, Tubiana, S, Chirouze, C, Quintana-Murci, L, Patin, E, Duffy, D, Boland, A, Carreras, A, Galván-Femenía, I, Farré, X, Cortés, B, Mercader, J, Guindo-Martinez, M, Torrents, D, Garcia-Aymerich, J, Castaño-Vinyals, G, Dobaño, C, van Heel, D, Hunt, K, Trembath, R, Jacobs, B, Huang, Q, Martin, H, Mason, D, Trivedi, B, Wright, J, Munisamy, M, Finer, S, Griffiths, C, Mccarthy, M, Rosenberger, C, Lee, J, Chang, D, Hammer, C, Hunkapiller, J, Mahajan, A, Pendergrass, R, Sucheston-Campbell, L, Yaspan, B, Lee, H, Shin, E, Jang, H, Kim, S, Kym, S, Kim, Y, Jeong, H, Kwon, K, Kim, J, Jang, Y, Kim, H, Lee, S, Choe, K, Kang, Y, Jee, S, Jung, K, Park, H, Kim, B, Hwang, M, Yoon, K, Pairo-Castineira, E, Rawlik, K, Caulfield, M, Baillie, J, Griffiths, F, Bretherick, A, Stuckey, A, Odhams, C, Walker, S, Russell, C, Malinauskas, T, Wu, Y, Shen, X, Elliott, K, Morrice, K, Keating, S, Wang, B, Rhodes, D, Klaric, L, Zechner, M, Parkinson, N, Fawkes, A, Murphy, L, Vitart, V, Wilson, J, Yang, J, Scott, R, Moutsianas, L, Law, A, Begg, C, Hendry, S, Hinds, C, Horby, P, Knight, J, Ling, L, Mcauley, D, Millar, J, Montgomery, H, Nichol, A, Openshaw, P, Ponting, C, Rowan, K, Semple, M, Shankar-Hari, M, Summers, C, Walsh, T, Pan, J, Grau, N, Jones, T, Lim, R, Marotti, M, Whitton, C, Bociek, A, Campos, S, Arbane, G, Ostermann, M, Cha, M, Damato, F, Kosifidou, E, Lorah, S, Morera, K, Brady, L, Hugill, K, Henning, J, Bonner, S, Headlam, E, Jones, J, List, A, Morley, J, Welford, A, Kamangu, B, Ratnakumar, A, Shoremekun, A, Alldis, Z, Astin-Chamberlain, R, Bibi, F, Biddle, J, Blow, S, Bolton, M, Borra, C, Bowles, R, Burton, M, Choudhury, Y, Cox, A, Easthope, A, Ebano, P, Fotiadis, S, Gurasashvili, J, Halls, R, Hartridge, P, Kallon, D, Kassam, J, Lancoma-Malcolm, I, Matharu, M, May, P, Mitchelmore, O, Newman, T, Patel, M, Pheby, J, Pinzuti, I, Prime, Z, Prysyazhna, O, Shiel, J, Taylor, M, Tierney, C, Zongo, O, Wood, S, Zak, A, Collier, D, Mundy, M, Thompson, C, Pritchard, L, Gellamucho, M, Cartlidge, D, Bandla, N, Bailey, L, Davies, M, Delaney, J, Scott, L, Abdelrazik, M, Alasdair, F, Carter, D, Elhassan, M, Ganesan, A, Jenkins, S, Lamond, Z, Purohit, D, Rohit, K, Saleem, M, Wall, A, Xavier, K, Bakthavatsalam, D, Gehad, K, Gnanapragasam, P, Jain, K, Jain, S, Malik, A, Pappachan, N, Moreno-Cuesta, J, Haldeos, A, Vincent, R, Oziegb, M, Cavazza, A, Cockrell, M, Corcoran, E, Depante, M, Finney, C, Jerome, E, Knighton, A, Nayak, M, Pappa, E, Saha, R, Saha, S, Dodd, A, O’Reilly, K, Mcphail, M, Clarey, E, Noble, H, Smith, J, Coghlan, P, Brett, S, Gordon, A, Templeton, M, Antcliffe, D, Banach, D, Darnell, S, Fernandez, Z, Jepson, E, Mohammed, A, Rojo, R, Arias, S, Gurung, A, Wong, J, Fernandez-Roman, J, Hamilton, D, Johnston, B, Martinez, M, Mulla, S, Waite, A, Williams, K, Waugh, V, Welters, I, Emblem, J, Norris, M, Bashyal, A, Beer, S, Hutton, P, Mckechnie, S, Davidson, N, Mathew, S, Readion, G, Ryu, J, Agrawal, S, Elston, K, Jones, M, Meaney, E, Polgarova, P, Elbehery, M, Daubney, E, Ng, A, Marshall, J, Pathan, N, Stroud, K, White, D, Andrew, A, Ashraf, S, Clark, A, Dent, M, Langley, M, Peters, C, Ryan, L, Sampson, J, Wei, S, Baddeley, A, Meredith, M, Morris, L, Gibbons, A, Mcloughlin, L, Delgado, C, Clark, V, Dawson, D, Ding, L, Durrant, G, Ezeobu, O, Harrison, A, Hurt, W, Kanu, R, Kinch, A, Leaver, S, Lisboa, A, Mathew, J, Patel, K, Saluzzio, R, Rawlins, J, Samakomva, T, Shah, N, Sicat, C, Texeira, J, Queiroz, J, Gloria, E, Maccacari, E, Yun, N, Manna, S, Farnell-Ward, S, Maizcordoba, M, Thanasi, M, Ali, H, Hastings, J, Grauslyte, L, Hussain, M, Ruge, B, King, S, Pogreban, T, Rosaroso, L, Smith, H, Phull, M, Adams, N, Franke, G, George, A, Salciute, E, Dunne, K, Flower, L, Sharland, E, Sra, S, Andrew, G, Callaghan, M, Barclay, L, Marshall, L, Amamio, M, Birch, S, Briton, K, Clark, S, Doverman, K, Hope, D, Mcculloch, C, Simpson, S, Singleton, J, Fernandez, R, Allen, M, Baptista, D, Crowe, R, Fox, J, Khera, J, Loveridge, A, Mckenley, I, Morino, E, Naranjo, A, O’Connor, D, Simms, R, Sollesta, K, Swain, A, Venkatesh, H, Herdman-Grant, R, Joseph, A, Nown, A, Rose, S, Pogson, D, Boxall, H, Brimfield, L, Claridge, H, Daly, Z, George, S, Gribbin, A, Cheema, Y, Cutler, S, Richards, O, Roynon-Reed, A, Cherian, S, Heron, A, Williams, G, Szakmany, T, Waters, A, Collins, K, Dunhill, J, Jones, F, Morris, R, Ship, L, Cardwell, A, Ali, S, Bhatterjee, R, Bolton, R, Chukkambotla, S, Coleman, D, Dalziel, J, Dykes, J, Fine, C, Gay, B, Goddard, W, Goodchild, D, Harling, R, Hijazi, M, Keith, S, Khan, M, Matt, R, Ryan-Smith, J, Saad, S, Springle, P, Thomas, J, Truman, N, Kazi, A, Smith, M, Collier, H, Davison, C, Duberley, S, Hargreaves, J, Hartley, J, Patel, T, Smith, E, Kent, A, Goodwin, E, Zaki, A, Tibke, C, Hopkins, S, Gerrard, H, Jackson, M, Bennett, S, Marsh, L, Mills, R, Bell, J, Campbell, H, Dawson, A, Dodds, S, Duffy, S, Gallagher, L, Mccafferty, G, Short, S, Smith, T, Thomas, K, Walker, C, Reynolds, J, Yates, B, Mckie, H, Panteli, M, Thompson, M, Waddell, G, Beger, S, Abraheem, A, Dunmore, C, Girach, R, Jones, R, London, E, Nagra, I, Nasir, F, Sainsbury, H, Smedley, C, Brearey, S, Burchett, C, Cawley, K, Faulkner, M, Jeffrey, H, Bamford, P, Shaikh, F, Slack, L, Davies, A, Brooke, H, Suarez, J, Charlesworth, R, Hansson, K, Norris, J, Poole, A, Sandhu, R, Smithson, E, Thirumaran, M, Wagstaff, V, Buckley, S, Sloan, B, Rose, A, Major, A, Metcalfe, A, Almaden-Boyle, C, Austin, P, Chapman, S, Eros, A, Cabrelli, L, Cole, S, Whyte, C, Casey, M, Bafitis, V, Tsinaslanidis, G, George, C, Khade, R, Black, C, Ashok, S, Farley, S, Brinkworth, E, Harford, R, Murphy, C, Williams, M, Newey, L, Toghill, H, Lewis, S, Rees, T, Battle, C, Baker, M, Travers, J, 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M., Allen, Upton, Cheung, Angela M., Herridge, Margaret S., Hunt, Miranda, Lerner-Ellis, Jordan, Taher, Jennifer, Parekh, Rulan S., Hiraki, Linda T., Cowan, Juthaporn, Ducharme, Francine M., Ostrowski, Mario, Bernier, Francois P., Kellner, Jim, Garg, Elika, Yoo, Samantha, Vlasschaert, Caitlyn, Frangione, Erika, Chung, Monica, Noor, Abdul, Greenfeld, Elena, Colwill, Karen, Clausen, Marc, Chao, Gary, Yue, FengYun, Fritzler, Marvin, Whitney, Joseph, Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma, Garant, Jean-Michel, Abraham, Rohan, Davis, Adrienne, Campigotto, Aaron, Papenburg, Jesse, Niranjan, Kissoon, Betschel, Stephen, Sadarangani, Manish, Barton-Forbes, Michelle, Hanley, Michaela, Fung, Chun Yiu Jordan, Lapadula, Elisa, MacDonald, Georgia, Puopolo, Michael, Kaushik, Deepanjali, Nirmalanathan, Konika, Wong, Iris, Khan, Zeeshan, Zarei, Natasha, Michalowska, Maria, Modi, Bhavi P., Persia, Pourshahnazari, Estacio, Antonio, Buchholz, Megan, Cheatley, Patti Lou, Lorenti, Miranda, Aman, Nowrin F., Matveev, Vitaliy, Budylowski, Patrick, Upton, Julia, Morris, Shaun, Boyd, Tracy, Chowdhary, Sunakshi, Casalino, Selina, Morgan, Gregory, Mighton, Chloe, McGeer, Allison, Mazzulli, Tony, McLeod, Shelley L., Binnie, Alexandra, Faghfoury, Hanna, Chertkow, Howard, Racher, Hilary, Serbanescu, Mihaela A., Pavenski, Katerina, Esser, Michael, Thompson, Graham, Herbrick, Jo-Anne, Gignoux, Christopher R., Wicks, Stephen J., Crooks, Kristy, Barnes, Kathleen C., Daya, Michelle, Shortt, Jonathan, Rafaels, Nicholas, Chavan, Sameer, Schulze, Thomas G., Heilbronner, Urs, Papiol, Sergi, Corbetta, Andrea, Wendtner, Clemens M., Spinner, Christoph D., Erber, Johanna, Schneider, Jochen, Winter, Christof, Wiltfang, Jens, Budde, Monika, Senner, Fanny, Kalman, Janos L., Protzer, Ulrike, Mueller, Nikola S., Mousas, Abdou, Liontos, Angelos, Christaki, Eirini, Milionis, Haralampos, Tsilidis, Konstantinos, Asimakopoulos, Alexandros, Kanellopoulou, Afroditi, Markozannes, Georgios, Biros, Dimitrios, Milionis, Orestis, Tsourlos, Stavros, Athanasiou, Lazaros, Kolios, Nikolaos-Gavriil, Pappa, Christiana, Papathanasiou, Alexandros, Pargana, Eleni, Nasiou, Maria, Kosmidou, Maria, Rapti, Iro, Ntotsikas, Evangelos, Chaliasos, Konstantinos, Ntzani, Evangelia, Evangelou, Evangelos, Gartzonika, Konstantina, Georgiou, Ioannis, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Ellinghaus, David, Degenhardt, Frauke, Cáceres, Mario, Juzenas, Simonas, Lenz, Tobias L., Albillos, Agustín, Julià, Antonio, Prati, Daniele, Solligård, Erik, Garcia, Federico, Tran, Florian, Hanses, Frank, Baselli, Guido, Zoller, Heinz, Holter, Jan Cato, Fernández, Javier, Barretina, Jordi, Valenti, Luca, Bujanda, Luis, Buti, Maria, D’Amato, Mauro, Banales, Jesus M., Rosenstiel, Philip, Koehler, Philipp, Invernizzi, Pietro, de Cid, Rafael, Asselta, Rosanna, Schreiber, Stefan, Duga, Stefano, Hehr, Ute, Franke, Andre, Maya-Miles, Douglas, Hov, Johannes R., Karlsen, Tom H., Folseraas, Trine, Teles, Ana, Tanck, Anja, Gassner, Christoph, Azuure, Clinton, Wacker, Eike Matthias, Uellendahl-Werth, Florian, Hemmrich-Stanisak, Georg, ElAbd, Hesham, Kässens, Jan, Arora, Jatin, Lerga-Jaso, Jon, Wienbrandt, Lars, Rühlemann, Malte Christoph, Wendorff, Mareike, Figuera Basso, Maria E., Vadla, May Sissel, Wittig, Michael, Braun, Nicole, Lenning, Ole Bernt, Özer, Onur, Myhre, Ronny, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, Wesse, Tanja, Albrecht, Wolfgang, Yi, Xiaoli, Ortiz, Aaron Blandino, de Salazar, Adolfo, Chercoles, Adolfo Garrido, Palom, Adriana, Ruiz, Agustín, Garcia-Fernandez, Alba-Estela, Blanco-Grau, Albert, Mantovani, Alberto, Holten, Aleksander Rygh, Bandera, Alessandra, Cherubini, Alessandro, Protti, Alessandro, Aghemo, Alessio, Gerussi, Alessio, Ramirez, Alfredo, Nebel, Almut, Barreira, Ana, Lleo, Ana, Kildal, Anders Benjamin, Biondi, Andrea, Caballero-Garralda, Andrea, Gori, Andrea, Glück, Andreas, Lind, Andreas, Nolla, Anna Carreras, Latiano, Anna, Fracanzani, Anna Ludovica, Peschuck, Anna, Cavallero, Annalisa, Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma, Ruello, Antonella, Muscatello, Antonio, Voza, Antonio, Rando-Segura, Ariadna, Solier, Aurora, Cortes, Beatriz, Mateos, Beatriz, Nafria-Jimenez, Beatriz, Schaefer, Benedikt, Bellinghausen, Carla, Ferrando, Carlos, de la Horra, Carmen, Quereda, Carmen, Scollo, Chiara, Lange, Christoph, Hu, Cinzia, Paccapelo, Cinzia, Angelini, Claudio, Cappadona, Claudio, Bianco, Cristiana, Cea, Cristina, Sancho, Cristina, Hoff, Dag Arne Lihaug, Galimberti, Daniela, Haschka, David, Jiménez, David, Pestaña, David, Toapanta, David, Muñiz-Diaz, Eduardo, Azzolini, Elena, Sandoval, Elena, Binatti, Eleonora, Scarpini, Elio, Casalone, Elisabetta, Urrechaga, Eloisa, Paraboschi, Elvezia Maria, Pontali, Emanuele, Reverter, Enric, Calderón, Enrique J., Navas, Enrique, Contro, Ernesto, Arana-Arri, Eunate, Aziz, Fátima, Sánchez, Félix García, Ceriotti, Ferruccio, Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo, Peyvandi, Flora, Blasi, Francesco, Malvestiti, Francesco, Medrano, Francisco J., Mesonero, Francisco, Rodriguez-Frias, Francisco, Müller, Fredrik, Bellani, Giacomo, Pesenti, Antonio, Zanella, Alberto, Grasselli, Giacomo, Pezzoli, Gianni, Costantino, Giorgio, Albano, Giovanni, Cardamone, Giulia, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Citerio, Giuseppe, Foti, Giuseppe, Lamorte, Giuseppe, Matullo, Giuseppe, Kurihara, Hayato, Neb, Holger, My, Ilaria, Hernández, Isabel, de Rojas, Itziar, Galván-Femenia, Iván, Afset, Jan Egil, Heyckendorf, Jan, Damås, Jan Kristian, Ampuero, Javier, Martín, Javier, Erdmann, Jeanette, Badia, Joan Ramon, Dopazo, Joaquin, Bergan, Jonas, Quero, Jose Hernández, Goikoetxea, Josune, Delgado, Juan, Guerrero, Juan M., Risnes, Kari, Banasik, Karina, Müller, Karl Erik, Gaede, Karoline I., Garcia-Etxebarria, Koldo, Tonby, Kristian, Heggelund, Lars, Bettini, Laura Rachele, Sumoy, Lauro, Terranova, Leonardo, Gustad, Lise Tuset, Garbarino, Lucia, Santoro, Luigi, Téllez, Luis, Roade, Luisa, Ostadreza, Mahnoosh, Intxausti, Maider, Kogevinas, Manolis, Riveiro-Barciela, Mar, Schaefer, Marco, Gutiérrez-Stampa, María A., Carrabba, Maria, Valsecchi, Maria G., Hernandez-Tejero, María, Vehreschild, Maria J. G. T., Manunta, Maria, Acosta-Herrera, Marialbert, D’Angiò, Mariella, Baldini, Marina, Cazzaniga, Marina, Marquié, Marta, Castoldi, Massimo, Cecconi, Maurizio, Tomasi, Melissa, Boada, Mercè, Joannidis, Michael, Mazzocco, Michela, Ciccarelli, Michele, Rodríguez-Gandía, Miguel, Bocciolone, Monica, Miozzo, Monica, Ayo, Natale Imaz, Blay, Natalia, Chueca, Natalia, Montano, Nicola, Martínez, Nilda, Cornely, Oliver A., Palmieri, Orazio, Faverio, Paola, Preatoni, Paoletta, Bonfanti, Paolo, Omodei, Paolo, Tentorio, Paolo, Castro, Pedro, Rodrigues, Pedro M., Izquierdo-Sanchez, Laura, España, Pedro Pablo, Hoffmann, Per, Bacher, Petra, de Pablo, Raúl, Ferrer, Ricard, Gualtierotti, Roberta, Gallego-Durán, Rocío, Nieto, Rosa, Carpani, Rossana, Morilla, Rubén, Badalamenti, Salvatore, Haider, Sammra, Ciesek, Sandra, Bombace, Sara, Marsal, Sara, Klein, Sebastian, Pelusi, Serena, Wilfling, Sibylle, Goerg, Siegfried, Bosari, Silvano, Brunak, Søren, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Aliberti, Stefano, Dudman, Susanne, Zheng, Tenghao, Bahmer, Thomas, Pumarola, Tomas, Cejudo, Trinidad Gonzalez, Rimoldi, Valeria, Monzani, Valter, Skogen, Vegard, Friaza, Vicente, Andrade, Victor, Moreno, Victor, Peter, Wolfgang, Farre, Xavier, Khodamoradi, Yascha, Grimsrud, Marit M., May, Sandra, Colombo, Alicia, Virginia, Monardes-Ramírez A., Dorador, Cristina, Fuentes-Guajardo, Macarena, Silva, Andrea X., Espinosa-Parrilla, Yolanda, Yáñez, Cristian E., Retamales-Ortega, Rocío M., Saez Hidalgo, Juan M., Tobar-Calfucoy, Eduardo A., Carvajal-Silva, Laura, Martínez, Matías F., Cerpa, Leslie C., Christian, Muñoz A., Cappelli, Claudio, Valenzuela-Jorquera, Hector, Zapata-Contreras, Daniela, Zuñiga-Pacheco, Paula, Nova-Lamperti, Estefania A., Sanhueza, Sergio A., Donoso, Gerardo, Bocchieri, Pamela, Kochifas, Pia, Quiñones, Luis A., Pedersen, Ole Birger, Geller, Frank, Westergaard, David, Sequeros, Celia Burgos, Nissen, Janna, Nielsen, Susanne Dam, Feldt-Rasmussen, Ulla, Bliddal, Sofie, Grønbæk, Kirsten, Ullum, Henrik, Ostrowski, Sisse Rye, Feenstra, Bjarke, Shahin, Doaa, Sobh, Ali, Shoma, Ashraf, Nkambul, Lindokuhle, Elhadidy, Tamer A., Abd Elghafar, Mohamed S., El-Jawhari, Jehan J., Mohamed, Attia A. S., Elnagdy, Marwa H., Samir, Amr, Abdel-Aziz, Mahmoud, Khafaga, Walid T., El-Lawaty, Walaa M., Torky, Mohamed S., El-Shanshory, Mohamed R., Elzeiny, Ahmed, Rashad, Amal, Mansour, Tamer A., Yassen, Amr M., Hegazy, Mohamed A. F., Okasha, Kamal, Eid, Mohammed A., Hanteera, Moahmed S., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Ikram, M. Arfan, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Ripatti, Samuli, Jermy, Bradley, Ruotsalainen, Sanni, Kristiansson, Kati, Koskelainen, Sami, Perola, Markus, Donner, Kati, Kivinen, Katja, Palotie, Aarno, Kaunisto, Mari, Julienne, Hanna, Aschard, Hugues, Deleuze, Jean-Francois, Debette, Stephanie, Tregouet, David-Alexandre, Abel, Laurent, Henches, Léo, Lefloch, Edith, Claire, Dandine-Roulland, Sakuntabhai, Anavaj, Bourgeron, Thomas, Olaso, Robert, Daian, Delphine Bacq, Pellegrin, Isabelle, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Cobat, Aurélie, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Zhang, Qian, Ghosn, Jade, Mentré, France, Laouénan, Cédric, Tubiana, Sarah, Chirouze, Catherine, Quintana-Murci, Luis, Patin, Etienne, Duffy, Darragh, Boland, Anne, Carreras, Anna, Galván-Femenía, Iván, Farré, Xavier, Cortés, Beatriz, Mercader, Josep Maria, Guindo-Martinez, Marta, Torrents, David, Garcia-Aymerich, Judith, Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma, Dobaño, Carlota, van Heel, David A., Hunt, Karen A., Trembath, Richard C., Jacobs, Benjamin Meir, Huang, Qin Qin, Martin, Hilary C., Mason, Dan, Trivedi, Bhavi, Wright, John, Munisamy, Malathy, Finer, Sarah, Griffiths, Christopher J., McCarthy, Mark I., Rosenberger, Carrie, Lee, Jong Eun, Chang, Diana, Hammer, Christian, Hunkapiller, Julie, Mahajan, Anubha, Pendergrass, Rion, Sucheston-Campbell, Lara, Yaspan, Brian, Lee, Hyun Soo, Shin, Eunsoon, Jang, Hye Yoon, Kim, Sunmie, Kym, Sungmin, Kim, Yeon-Sook, Jeong, Hyeongseok, Kwon, Ki Tae, Kim, Shin-Woo, Kim, Jin Yong, Jang, Young Rock, Kim, Hyun ah, Lee, Ji yeon, Lee, Jeong Eun, Lee, Shinwon, Choe, Kang-Won, Kang, Yu Min, Jee, Sun Ha, Jung, Keum Ji, Park, Hyun-Young, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Young Jin, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Yoon, Kyungheon, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, Rawlik, Konrad, Caulfield, Mark J., Baillie, J. Kenneth, Griffiths, Fiona, Bretherick, Andrew D., Stuckey, Alex, Odhams, Christopher A., Walker, Susan, Russell, Clark D., Malinauskas, Tomas, Wu, Yang, Shen, Xia, Elliott, Katherine S., Morrice, Kirstie, Keating, Sean, Wang, Bo, Rhodes, Daniel, Klaric, Lucija, Zechner, Marie, Parkinson, Nick, Fawkes, Angie, Murphy, Lee, Vitart, Veronique, Wilson, James F., Yang, Jian, Scott, Richard H., Moutsianas, Loukas, Law, Andy, Begg, Colin, Hendry, Sara Clohisey, Hinds, Charles, Horby, Peter, Knight, Julian, Ling, Lowell, Maslove, David, McAuley, Danny, Millar, Johnny, Montgomery, Hugh, Nichol, Alistair, Openshaw, Peter J. M., Ponting, Chris P., Rowan, Kathy, Semple, Malcolm G., Shankar-Hari, Manu, Summers, Charlotte, Walsh, Timothy, Pan, Jacqueline, Grau, Neus, Jones, Tim Owen, Lim, Rosario, Marotti, Martina, Whitton, Christopher, Bociek, Aneta, Campos, Sara, Arbane, Gill, Ostermann, Marlies, Cha, Mina, DAmato, Fabiola, Kosifidou, Eirini, Lorah, Shelley, Morera, Kyma, Brady, Laura, Hugill, Keith, Henning, Jeremy, Bonner, Stephen, Headlam, Evie, Jones, Jessica, List, Abigail, Morley, Joanne, Welford, Amy, Kamangu, Bobette, Ratnakumar, Anitha, Shoremekun, Abiola, Alldis, Zoe, Astin-Chamberlain, Raine, Bibi, Fatima, Biddle, Jack, Blow, Sarah, Bolton, Matthew, Borra, Catherine, Bowles, Ruth, Burton, Maudrian, Choudhury, Yasmin, Cox, Amber, Easthope, Amy, Ebano, Patrizia, Fotiadis, Stavros, Gurasashvili, Jana, Halls, Rosslyn, Hartridge, Pippa, Kallon, Delordson, Kassam, Jamila, Lancoma-Malcolm, Ivone, Matharu, Maninderpal, May, Peter, Mitchelmore, Oliver, Newman, Tabitha, Patel, Mital, Pheby, Jane, Pinzuti, Irene, Prime, Zoe, Prysyazhna, Oleksandra, Shiel, Julian, Taylor, Melanie, Tierney, Carey, Zongo, Olivier, Wood, Suzanne, Zak, Anne, Collier, David, Mundy, Manuela, Thompson, Christopher, Pritchard, Lisa, Gellamucho, Minnie, Cartlidge, David, Bandla, Nageswar, Bailey, Lucy, Davies, Michelle, Delaney, Jane, Scott, Leanne, Abdelrazik, Marwa, Alasdair, Frater, Carter, David, Elhassan, Munzir, Ganesan, Arunkumar, Jenkins, Samuel, Lamond, Zoe, Purohit, Dharam, Rohit, Kumar, Saleem, Malik, Wall, Alanna, Xavier, Kugan, Bakthavatsalam, Dhanalaksmi, Gehad, Kirolos, Gnanapragasam, Pakeerathan, Jain, Kapil, Jain, Swati, Malik, Abdul, Pappachan, Naveen, Moreno-Cuesta, Jeronimo, Haldeos, Anne, Vincent, Rachel, Oziegb, Maryjane, Cavazza, Anna, Cockrell, Maeve, Corcoran, Eleanor, Depante, Maria, Finney, Clare, Jerome, Ellen, Knighton, Abigail, Nayak, Monalisa, Pappa, Evita, Saha, Rohit, Saha, Sian, Dodd, Andrew, O’Reilly, Kevin, McPhail, Mark, Clarey, Emma, Noble, Harriet, Smith, John, Coghlan, Phoebe, Brett, Stephen, Gordon, Anthony, Templeton, Maie, Antcliffe, David, Banach, Dorota, Darnell, Sarah, Fernandez, Ziortza, Jepson, Eleanor, Mohammed, Amal, Rojo, Roceld, Arias, Sonia Sousa, Gurung, Anita Tamang, Wong, Jenny, Fernandez-Roman, Jaime, Hamilton, David O., Johnson, Emily, Johnston, Brian, Martinez, Maria Lopez, Mulla, Suleman, Waite, Alicia A. C., Williams, Karen, Waugh, Victoria, Welters, Ingeborg, Emblem, Jessica, Norris, Maria, Shaw, David, Bashyal, Archana, Beer, Sally, Hutton, Paula, McKechnie, Stuart, Davidson, Neil, Mathew, Soya, Readion, Grace, Ryu, Jung, Wilson, Jean, Agrawal, Shruti, Elston, Kay, Jones, Megan, Meaney, Eoghan, Polgarova, Petra, Elbehery, Muhammad, Daubney, Esther, Ng, Anthony, Marshall, Jocelyn, Pathan, Nazima, Stroud, Katerina, White, Deborah, Andrew, Angela, Ashraf, Saima, Clark, Amy, Dent, Martin, Langley, Margaret, Peters, Cecilia, Ryan, Lucy, Sampson, Julia, Wei, Shuying, Baddeley, Alice, Meredith, Megan, Morris, Lucy, Gibbons, Alexandra, McLoughlin, Lisa, Delgado, Carlos Castro, Clark, Victoria, Dawson, Deborah, Ding, Lijun, Durrant, Georgia, Ezeobu, Obiageri, Harrison, Abiola, Hurt, William James, Kanu, Rebecca, Kinch, Ashley, Leaver, Susannah, Lisboa, Ana, Mathew, Jisha, Patel, Kamal, Saluzzio, Romina Pepermans, Rawlins, John, Samakomva, Tinashe, Shah, Nirav, Sicat, Christine, Texeira, Joana, Queiroz, Joana Gomes De, Gloria, Edna Fernandes Da, Maccacari, Elena, Yun, Nikki, Manna, Soumendu, Farnell-Ward, Sarah, Maizcordoba, Maria, Thanasi, Maria, Ali, Hawakin Haji, Hastings, Janice, Grauslyte, Lina, Hussain, Musarat, Ruge, Bobby, King, Sam, Pogreban, Tatiana, Rosaroso, Lace, Smith, Helen, Phull, Mandeep-Kaur, Adams, Nikkita, Franke, George, George, Aparna, Salciute, Erika, Wong, Joanna, Dunne, Karen, Flower, Luke, Sharland, Emma, Sra, Sukhmani, Andrew, Gillian, Callaghan, Marie, Barclay, Lucy, Marshall, Lucy, Amamio, Maria, Birch, Sophie, Briton, Kate, Clark, Sarah, Doverman, Katerine, Hope, Dave, Mcculloch, Corrienne, Simpson, Scott, Singleton, Jo, Fernandez, Rita, Allen, Meryem, Baptista, David, Crowe, Rebecca, Fox, Jonathan, Khera, Jacyntha, Loveridge, Adam, McKenley, India, Morino, Eriko, Naranjo, Andres, O’Connor, Denise, Simms, Richard, Sollesta, Kathryn, Swain, Andrew, Venkatesh, Harish, Herdman-Grant, Rosie, Joseph, Anna, Nown, Angela, Rose, Steve, Pogson, David, Boxall, Helen, Brimfield, Lutece, Claridge, Helen, Daly, Zoe, George, Shenu, Gribbin, Andrew, Cheema, Yusuf, Cutler, Sean, Richards, Owen, Roynon-Reed, Anna, Cherian, Shiney, Heron, Anne Emma, Williams, Gemma, Szakmany, Tamas, Waters, Abby, Collins, Kim, Dunhill, Jill, Jones, Ffion, Morris, Rebecca, Ship, Lucy, Cardwell, Amy, Ali, Syamlan, Bhatterjee, Ravi, Bolton, Rachel, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Coleman, Dabheoc, Dalziel, Jack, Dykes, Joseph, Fine, Christopher, Gay, Bethan, Goddard, Wendy, Goodchild, Drew, Harling, Rhiannan, Hijazi, Muhammad, Keith, Sarah, Khan, Meherunnisa, Matt, Roseanna, Ryan-Smith, Janet, Saad, Samuel, Springle, Philippa, Thomas, Jacqueline, Truman, Nick, Kazi, Aayesha, Smith, Matthew, Collier, Heather, Davison, Chloe, Duberley, Stephen, Hargreaves, Jeanette, Hartley, Janice, Patel, Tahera, Smith, Ellen, Kent, Alissa, Goodwin, Emma, Zaki, Ahmed, Tibke, Clare, Hopkins, Susan, Gerrard, Hywel, Jackson, Matthew, Bennett, Sara, Marsh, Liane, Mills, Rebecca, Bell, Jessica, Campbell, Helen, Dawson, Angela, Dodds, Steve, Duffy, Stacey, Gallagher, Lisa, McCafferty, Gemma, Short, Stacey, Smith, Tracy, Thomas, Kirsty, Walker, Claire, Reynolds, Jessica, Yates, Bryan, McKie, Hayley, Panteli, Maria, Thompson, Maria, Waddell, Gail, Beger, Sarah De, Abraheem, Azmerelda, Dunmore, Charlie, Girach, Rumanah, Jones, Rhianna, London, Emily, Nagra, Imrun, Nasir, Farah, Sainsbury, Hannah, Smedley, Clare, Brearey, Stephen, Burchett, Caroline, Cawley, Kathryn, Faulkner, Maria, Jeffrey, Helen, Bamford, Peter, Shaikh, Firdaus, Slack, Lauren, Davies, Angela, Brooke, Hollie, Suarez, Jose Cebrian, Charlesworth, Ruth, Hansson, Karen, Norris, John, Poole, Alice, Sandhu, Rajdeep, Smithson, Elizabeth, Thirumaran, Muthu, Wagstaff, Veronica, Buckley, Sarah, Sloan, Brendan, Rose, Alastair, Major, Amy, Metcalfe, Alexandra, Almaden-Boyle, Christine, Austin, Pauline, Chapman, Susan, Eros, Alexandre, Cabrelli, Louise, Cole, Stephen, Whyte, Clare, Casey, Matt, Bafitis, Vasileios, Tsinaslanidis, George, George, Cassandra, Khade, Reena, Black, Christopher, Ashok, Sundar Raj, Farley, Sean, Brinkworth, Elaine, Harford, Rachel, Murphy, Carl, Williams, Marie, Newey, Luke, Toghill, Hannah, Lewis, Sophie, Rees, Tabitha, Battle, Ceri, Baker, Mark, Travers, Jenny, Chesters, Karen, Baxter, Nicola, Arnott, Andrew, McCreath, Gordan, McParland, Christopher, Rooney, Laura, Sim, Malcolm, Henderson, Steven, Abel, Lynn, Dalton, Carol, Kennedy-Hay, Sophie, O’Donohoe, Lynn, O’Hare, Megan, Orlikowska, Izabela, Parker, Natasha, McNeela, Fiona, Lyle, Amanda, Hughes, Alistair, Radhakrishnan, Jayachandran, Gibson, Sian, Bancroft, Hollie, Bellamy, Mary, Daglish, Jacqueline, Kadiri, Salma, Moore, Faye, Rhodes, Joanne, Sangombe, Mirriam, Peterkin, Zhane, Scriven, James, Carmody, Margaret, Cottle, Juliet, Peasgood, Emily, de Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz, Phillips, Claire, Skinner, Denise, Cinquina, Zoe, Howard, Kate, Joy, Rosie, Roche, Samantha, Birkinshaw, Isobel, Carter, Joseph, Ingham, Jo, Marshall, Nicola, Pearson, Harriet, Scott, Zoe, Dasgin, Jo, Gill, Jaspret, Nilsson, Annette, Bamford, Amy, Hull, Diana, Ahmadhaider, Nafeesah, Bates, Michelle, McGhee, Christopher, Ellis, Hannah, Howe, Gwenllian Sera, Singh, Jayaprakash, Stroud, Natalie, Roche, Lisa, Lynch, Ceri, Deacon, Bethan, Pothecary, Carla, Smeaton, Justyna, Agravante, Kevin, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Diaba, Cynthia, John, Lincy, Lim, Lai, Jha, Rajeev, Egan, Jasmine, Felton, Timothy, Glasgow, Susannah, Padden, Grace, Choudhr, Ozerah, Bradley-Potts, Joanne, Moss, Stuart, Lingeswaran, Saejohn, Alexander, Peter, Brandwood, Craig, Fiouni, Sofia, Ward, Luke, Allen, Schvearn, Shaw, Jane, Smith, Christopher, Adanini, Oluronke, Collins, Rebecca, Msiska, Maines, Ofori, Linda, Bhatia, Nikhil, Dolan, Hayley, Brunton, Mark, Caterson, Jess, Coles, Holly, Keating, Liza, Tilney, Emma, Jacques, Nicola, Frise, Matthew, Armistead, Jennifer, Bartley, Shauna, Bhuie, Parminder, Rai, Sabi, Tomkova, Gabriela, Greer, Sandra, Shuker, Karen, Tridente, Ascanio, Dobson, Emma, Hunt, Jodie, Tully, Redmond, Dearden, Joy, Drummond, Andrew, Kamath, Prakash, Bullock, Emily, Mulcahy, Michelle, Munt, Shelia, O’Connor, Grainne, Philbin, Jennifer, Rishton, Chloe, Scott, Chloe, Winnard, Sarah, Hasni, Nurkamalia, Gascoyne, Rachel, Hawes, Joanne, Pritchard, Kelly, Stevenson, Lesley, Whileman, Amanda, Beavis, Sarah, Bishop, Lauren, Cart, Cindy, Dale, Katie, Kelly-Baxter, Mary, Mendelski, Adam, Moakes, Emma, Smith, Rheanna, Woodward, Jan, Wright, Stephanie, Allan, Angela, Botello, Adriana, Liew, Jade, Medhora, Jasmine, Trumper, Erin, Savage, Felicity, Scott, Teresa, Place, Marc, Kaye, Callum, Benyon, Sarah, Marriott, Suzie, Park, Linda, Quinn, Helen, Skyes, Daisy, Zitter, Lily, Baines, Kizzy, Gordon, Elizabeth, Keenan, Samantha, Pitt, Andrew, Duffy, Katharine, Ireland, Jane, Semple, Gary, Turner, Lynne, Cathcart, Susanne, Rimmer, Dominic, Puxty, Alex, Puxty, Kathryn, Hurst, Andrew, Miller, Jennifer, Speirs, Susan, Walker, Lauren, Bradshaw, Zena, Brown, Joanna, Melling, Sarah, Preston, Stephen, Slawson, Nicola, Warden, Scott, Beasley, Alanna, Stoddard, Emma, Benham, Leonie, Cupitt, Jason, Caswell, Melanie, Elawamy, Lisa, Wignall, Ashleigh, Roberts, Belinda, Golding, Hannah, Leggett, Samantha, Male, Michelle, Marani, Martyna, Prager, Kirsty, Williams, Toran, Golder, Kim, Jones, Oliver, Cusack, Rebecca, Bolger, Clare, Burnish, Rachel, Carter, Michael, Jackson, Susan, Salmon, Karen, Biss, Jonathan, Aquino, Maia, Croft, Maria, Frost, Victoria, White, Ian, Govender, Keshnie, Webb, Natasha, Stapleton, Liana, Wells, Colin, Nikitas, Nikitas, Sanchez - Rodriguez, Ana, Spencer, Kayleigh, Stowe, Bethan, Izzard, Yvonne, Poole, Michelle, Monnery, Sonja, Trotman, Sallyanne, Beech, Valerie, Combes, Edward, Joefield, Teishel, Covernton, Patrick, Savage, Sarah, Woodward, Elizabeth, Camsooksai, Julie, Reschreiter, Henrik, Barclay, Charlotte, DeAth, Yasmin, Dube, Judith, Humphrey, Charlotte, Jenkins, Sarah, Langridge, Emma, Milne, Rebecca, Wadams, Beverley, Woolcock, Megan, Brett, Michael, Digby, Brian, Gemmell, Lisa, Hornsby, James, MacGoey, Patrick, O’Neil, Pauline, Price, Richard, Sundaram, Radha, Rodden, Natalie, Thomson, Nicola, Rooney, Kevin, Currie, Susan, Henderson, Philip, Ogg, Bethan, Whiteley, Simon, Wilby, Liz, Long, Kate, Matthew, Shailamma, Salada, Sheila, Trott, Susan, Watts, Sarah, Friar, Zoe, Speight, Abigail, Bastion, Victoria, Chandna, Humza, Djeugam, Brice, Haseeb, Muhammad, Kent, Harriet, Lubimbi, Gamu, Murdoch, Sophie, Thomas, Alastair, David, Beena, Lorusso, Rachel, Vochin, Ana, Penacerrada, Melchizedek, Wulandari, Retno, Heath, Charlotte, Jakkula, Srinivas, Morris, Anna, Ahmed, Ashar, Nune, Arvind, Buttriss, Claire, Whitaker, Emma, Davey, Miriam, Golden, David, Acklery, Amy, Fernandes, Fabio, Seaman, Bec, Earl, Victoria, Collins, Amy, Khaliq, Waqas, Adam, Rachel, Treus, Estefania, Holland, Sarah, Alfonso, Jordan, Blackledge, Bethan, Bruce, Michelle, Durrans, Laura Jayne, Eltayeb, Ayaa, Harris, Jade, Hey, Samuel, Hruska, Martin, Lamb, Thomas, Rothwell, Joanne, Fitzgerald, Adele, Lindergard, Gabriella, T-Michael, Helen, Duncan, Tracey, Baxter-Dore, Sharon, Cooper, Lisa, Fox, Claire, Guerin, Jacinta, Hodgkiss, Tracey, Connolly, Karen, McAlinden, Paul, Bridgett, Victoria, Fearby, Maggie, Gulati, A., Hanson, Helen, Kelly, Sinead, McCormack, Louise, Nixon, Rachel, Robinson, Philip, Slater, Victoria, Stephenson, Elaine, Webster, Andrea, Webster, K., Hays, Carole, Hudson, Anne, Patel, Bijal, Clement, Ian, Davis, John, Francis, Sarah, Jerry, Douglas, Abernathy, Caroline, Foster, Louise, Gratrix, Andrew, Cabral-Ortega, Llucia, Hines, Matthew, Martinson, Victoria, Stones, Elizabeth, Winter, Karen, Barrow, Esther, Wylie, Katharine, Baines, Deborah, Birchall, Katie, Kolakaluri, Laurel, Clark, Richard, Sukumaran, Anila, Barker, Melanie, Paripoorani, Deborah, Smith, Lara, Taylor, Charlotte, Downes, Charlotte, Hayman, Melanie, Riches, Katie, Daniel, Priya, Subramanian, Deepak, Holding, Kathleen, Hilton, Mary, Mcdonald, Carly, Richardson, Georgina, Halladay, Georgia, Harding, Peter, Reddy, Amie, Turner-Bone, Ian, Wilding, Laura, Parker, Robert, Lloyd, Michaela, Smith, Leanne, Kelly, Charlie, Lazo, Maria, Neal, Alan, Walton, Olivia, Melville, Julie, Naisbitt, Jay, Joseph, Rosane, Callam, Sara, Hudig, Lisa, Keshet-Price, Jocelyn, Stammers, Katie, Convery, Karen, Randell, Georgina, Fottrell-gould, Deirdre, Mwaura, Esther, Sutherland, Sara-Beth, Stewart, Richard, Mew, Louise, Wren, Lynn, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Willis, Heather, Hopkins, Bridget, Lenton, Daniel, Roberts, Abigail, Bokhari, Maria, Lucas, Rachael, McCormick, Wendy, Ritzema, Jenny, Linnett, Vanessa, Sanderson, Amanda, Wild, Helen, Flanagan, Rebecca, Hull, Robert, Rhead, Kat, McKenna, Emma, Hughes, Gareth, Anderson, Jennifer, Jones, Kelly, Latham, Scott, Riley, Heather, Coulding, Martina, Clark, Martyn, McCormick, Jacqueline, Mercer, Oliver, Potla, Darsh, Rehman, Hafiz, Savill, Heather, Turner, Victoria, Jude, Edward, Kilroy, Susan, Apetri, Elena, Basikolo, Cathrine, Catlow, Laura, Collis, Matthew, Doonan, Reece, Harvey, Alice, Knowles, Karen, Lee, Stephanie, Lomas, Diane, Lyons, Chloe, McMorrow, Liam, Michael, Angiy, Pendlebury, Jessica, Perez, Jane, Poulaka, Maria, Proudfoot, Nicola, Slevin, Kathryn, Thomas, Vicky, Walker, Danielle, Dark, Paul, Charles, Bethan, McLaughlan, Danielle, Slaughter, Melanie, Horner, Dan, Marsden, Tracy, Andrews, Joyann, Beech, Emily, Akinkugbe, Olugbenga, Bamford, Alasdair, Belfield, Holly, Jones, Gareth A. L., McHugh, Tara, Meghari, Hamza, Ray, Samiran, Tomas, Ana Luisa, O’Neill, Lauran, Peters, Mark, Bell, Michael, Benkenstein, Sarah, Chisholm, Catherine, Davies, Charlene, Kupiec, Klaudia, Payne, Caroline, Halls, Joanna, Blakemore, Hayley, Goff, Elizabeth, Hayes, Kati, Smith, Kerry, Stephens, Deanna, Worner, Ruth, Borislavova, Borislava, Faulkner, Beverley, Thomas, Matt, Cookson, Ruth, Gendall, Emma, Larman, Georgina, Pope, Rebecca, Smalira, Artur, Priestley, Victoria, Cosier, Tracey, Millen, Gemma, Rand, James, Schumacher, Natasha, Sandhar, Roxana, Weston, Heather, Richardson, Neil, Cooper, Lucy, Jones, Cathy, Huang, Ya-Wen Jessica, Jacob, Reni, Denmade, Craig, Mcintyre, Lewis, Trodd, Dawn, Martin, Jane, Watson, Geoff, Bevan, Emily, Wreybrown, Caroline, Bano, Shereen, Bellwood, Ruth, Bentley, Michael, Bromley, Matt, Gurr, Lucy, Ledgard, Camilla, McGowan, Janet, Pye, Kate, Sellick, Kirsten, Stacey, Amelia, Warren, Deborah, Wilkinson, Brian, Akeroyd, Louise, Shafique, Huma, Morgan, James, Shorter, Susan, Swinger, Rachel, Waters, Emily, Lawton, Tom, Allan, Elizabeth, Darlington, Kate, Davies, Ffyon, Davies, Llinos, Easton, Jack, Kumar, Sumit, Lean, Richard, Mackay, Callum, Pugh, Richard, Qiu, Xinyi, Rees, Stephanie, Scanlon, Jeremy, Lewis, Joanne, Menzies, Daniel, Bolger, Annette, Davies, Gwyneth, Davies, Jennifer, Garrod, Esther, Jones, Helen, Manley, Rachel, Williams, Hannah, Frankham, Jordan, Pitts, Sally, White, Nigel, Branney, Debbie, Tiller, Heather, Efford, Georgia, Garland, Zoe, Grimmer, Lisa, Gumbrill, Bethany, Johnson, Rebekah, Sweet, Katie, Bewley, Jeremy, Coleman, Christina, Corcoran, Katie, Morano, Eva Maria Hernandez, Shiel, Rachel, Webster, Denise, Bonnici, Josephine, Daniel, Eleanor, Dell, Abbie, Kent, Melanie, Wilkinson, Ami, Brown, Ellen, Kay, Andrea, Campbell, Suzanne, Cowton, Amanda, Birt, Mark, Greenaway, Vicki, Potts, Kathryn, Hutton, Clare, Shepperson, Andrew, Forsey, Miranda, Nicholson, Alice, Vertue, Mark, Riches, Joanne, Kaliappan, Agilan, Nicholson, Anne, MacCallum, Niall, Raith, Eamon, Bercades, Georgia, Hass, Ingrid, Brealey, David, Martir, Gladys, Reyes, Anna, Smyth, Deborah, Zapatamartinez, Maria, Alvaro, Ana, Jetha, Champa, Ma, Louise, Booker, Lauren, Mostoles, Loreta, Pratley, Anezka, Altabaibeh, Abdelhakim, Parmar, Chetan, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Ferguson, Susie, Shepherd, Amy, Morris, Sheila, Baruah, Rosie, Lloyd, Georgina, Bell, Stephanie, Rivers, Vanessa, Purewal, Bally, Hammerton, Kate, Anderson, Susan, Birch, Janine, Collins, Emma, Oleary, Ryan, Cornell, Sarah, Jarmain, Jordan, Rogerson, Kimberley, Wakinshaw, Fiona, Woods, Lindsey, Rostron, Anthony, Elcioglu, Zeynep, Roy, Alistair, Bell, Gillian, Dickson, Holly, Wilcox, Louise, Katary, Amro, English, Katy, Hutter, Joanne, Pawley, Corinne, Doble, Patricia, Shovelton, Charmaine, Vaida, Marius, Purnell, Rebecca, Thomas, Ashly, Cagova, Lenka, Fofano, Adama, Holcombe, Helen, Mitchell, Alice Michael, Mwaura, Lucy, Praman, KrithivasanÂ, Garnr, Lucie, Mepham, Sue, Paques, Kitty, Vuylsteke, Alain, Mackie, Jennifer, Pearn, Carmen, Zamikula, Julie, Nyirenda, Maggie, Capozzi, Lisa, Reece-Anthony, Rosie, Noor, Hazma, Nilo, Alfa Cresia, Grove, Michelle, Daniel, Amelia, Finn, Joanne, White, Nikki, Saha, Rajnish, Badal, Bibi, Ixer, Karen, Duffin, Donna, Player, Ben, Hill, Helen, Cole, Jade, Brooks, Jenny, Davies, Rhys, Hunt, Lauren, Thomas, Emma, Williams, Angharad, Oblak, Metod, Thankachen, Mini, Irisari, Jamie, Sayan, Amrinder, Popescu, Monica, Finch, Cheryl, Jamieson, Andrew, Quinn, Alison, Cooper, Joshua, Liderth, Sarah, Waddington, Natalia, Burn, Iona, Manso, Katarina, Penn, Ruth, Tebbutt, Julie, Thornton, Danielle, Winchester, James, Hambrook, Geraldine, Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep, Craig, Jayne, Simpson, Kerry, Higham, Andrew, Sibbett, Louise, Paine, Sheila, Reed, Annabel, Conyngham, Jo-Anna, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Thomas, Rachel, Wright, Mary, Griffin, Denise, Partridge, Richard, Corral, Maria Alvarez, Muchenje, Nycola, Sitonik, Mildred, Butler, Aaron, Folkes, Linda, Fox, Heather, Gardner, Amy, Helm, David, Hobden, Gillian, King, Kirsten, Margalef, Jordi, Margarson, Michael, Martindale, Tim, Meadows, Emma, Raynard, Dana, Thirlwall, Yvette, Baird, Yolanda, Gomez, Raquel, Martin, Darren, Hodgson, Luke, Corin, Clinton, Sidall, Erikka, Szabo, Densie, Floyd, Sharon, Davies, Hannah, Austin, Karen, Kelsall, Olivia, Wood, Hannah, Cornell, Thomas, Ralph, Kate, Bean, Sarah, Burt, Karen, Spivey, Michael, Richards, Carol, Tedstone, Rachel, Carmody, Siobhain, Zhao, Xiaobei, Page, Valerie, Guanco, Mark Louie, Hoxha, Elvira, Zorloni, Camilla, Dean, Charlotte, Jones, Emma, Carter, Emma, Dunn, Joshua, Kong, Thomas, Mahenthran, Mervin, Marsh, Chris, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Lyons, Marc, Wassall, Helen, Young, Meghan, Bradley, Paul, Burda, Dorota, Donlon, Sinead, Harden, Lesley, Harris, Celia, Mayangao, Irving, Montaser, Rugia, Mtuwa, Sheila, Piercy, Charles, Smith, Eleanor, Stone, Sarah, Verula, Jerik, Blackman, Helen, Marriott, Cheryl, Michalak, Natalia, Creagh-Brown, Ben, Salberg, Armorel, Boyer, Naomi, Pristopan, Veronika, Maynard, Victoria, Walker, Rachel, Hormis, Anil, Collier, Dawn, Graham, Cheryl, McCormick, Jake, Warrington, Jake, Cosgrove, Denise, McFarland, Denise, Ratcliffe, Judith, Charnock, Rob, Wynter, Inez, Gill, Mandy, Kirk, Jill, Paul, Paul, Ratnam, Valli, Shelton, Sarah, Jardine, Catherine, Hay, Alasdair, Williams, Dewi, Durga, Latha, Hibbert, Meg, Kennard-Holden, Gareth, Woodford, Chrsitopher, Tetla, Dariusz, Price, Alicia, Thomas, Alice, Thorpe, Chris, Knights, Ellen, Ward, Donna, Laha, Shondipon, Verlander, Mark, Williams, Alexandra, Prout, Rachel, Langton, Helen, Watters, Malcolm, Hunt, Charlotte, Novis, Catherine, Arif, Sarwat, Cunningham, Amy, Hewitt, Claire, Hindale, Julia, Jackson-Lawrence, Karen, Shepardson, Sarah, Wills, Maryanne, Butler, Susie, Tavares, Silivia, Barber, Russell, Hilldrith, Annette, Hubbard, Kelly, Egginton, Dawn, Clark, Michele, Purvis, Sarah, Sinclair, Simon, Collins, Vicky, Landeg, Bethan, Sell, Craig, Coetzee, Samantha, Gales, Alistair, Otahal, Igor, Icke, Becky, Raj, Meena, Williams, Caroline, Williams, Jill, Hill, Lucy, Kayani, Abdul, Masunda, Bridgett, Gondo, Prisca, Atayeva, Nigara, Cruz, Carina, Pattison, Natalie, Burnett, Caroline, Hatton, Jonathan, Heeney, Elaine, Newton, Maria, Al-Moasseb, Hassan, Behan, Teresa, Player, Jasmine, Stead, Rachael, Mitra, Atideb, Nauyokas, Kirsty, Humphreys, Sally, Cockerill, Helen, Tampsett, Ruth, Postovalova, Evgeniya, Coventry, Tina, McGregor, Amanda, Fowler, Susan, Macmahon, Mike, Cochrane, Patricia, Pirie, Sandra, Hanley, Sarah, Ali, Asifa, Brady, Megan, Dale, Sam, Dance, Annalisa, Gledhill, Lisa, Greig, Jill, Hanson, Kathryn, Holdroyd, Kelly, Home, Marie, Ishaq, Tahira, Kelly, Diane, Matapure, Lear, Melia, Deborah, Mellor, Samantha, Merwaha, Ekta, Nortcliffe, Tonicha, Shaw, Lisa, Shaw, Ryan, Wood, Tracy, Bayo, Lee-Ann, Usher, Miranda, Wilson, Alison, Kitson, Ross, Pinnell, Jez, Robinson, Matthew, Boltwood, Kaitlin, Birch, Jenny, Bough, Laura, Tutton, Rebecca, Winter-Goodwin, Barbara, Goodsell, Josie, Taylor, Kate, Williams, Patricia, Williams, Sarah, Cave, Ashleigh, Rees, James, Imeson-Wood, Janet, Smith, Jacqueline, Amin, Vishal, Karthik, Komala, Kausar, Rizwana, Anastasescu, Elena, Reid, Karen, Anumakonda, Vikram, Stoddart, Ella, Demetriou, Carrie, Eckbad, Charlotte, Howie, Lucy, Mitchard, Sarah, Ramos, Lidia, White, Katie, Hierons, Sarah, Kelly, Fiona, Serrano-Ruiz, Alfredo, Evans, Gabrielle, Nicol, Liz, Wilkins, Joy, Hulacka, Kim, Debreceni, Gabor, Brown, Alison, Crickmore, Vikki, Hill, Kay, Kannan, Thogulava, Dagutao, Zenaida, Beesley, Kate, Lewis, Alison, Perry, Jess, Antony, Sherly, Board, Sarah, Buckley, Clare, Pippard, Lucy, Tanate, Alfonso, Wood, Diane, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieska, Gouda, Ayman, Auld, Fiona, Donnachie, Joanne, Murdoch, Euan, Prentice, Lynn, Runciman, Nikole, Senaratne, Dhaneesha, Short, Abigail, Sweeney, Laura, Symon, Lesley, Todd, Anne, Turner, Patricia, McCann, Erin, Salutous, Dario, Edmond, Ian, Whitelaw, Lesley, Bland, Yvonne, Kajtor, Istvan, Kavanagh, Lisa, Singler, Karen, Linfield-Brown, George, Moore, Luke Stephen Prockter, Vizcaychipi, Marcela, Martins, Laura, Moore, Luke, Bull, Rhian, Carungcong, Jaime, Allen, Louise, Beranova, Eva, Knight, Alicia, Price, Carly, Tilbey, Sorrell, Turney, Sharon, Hazelton, Tracy, Tutt, Gabriella, Arora, Mansi, Turki, Salah, Sinfield, Emily, Deery, Joanne, Ramos, Hazel, Cristiano, Daniele, Dormand, Natalie, Farzad, Zohreh, Gummadi, Mahitha, Salmi, Sara, Sloane, Geraldine, Varghese, Mathew, Thwaites, Vicky, Patel, Brijesh, Kamal, Liyanage, Zborowski, Anelise Catelan, Coe, Ryan, Anderson, Madeleine, Beadle, Jane, Coates, Charlotte, Collins, Katy, Crowley, Maria, Johnson, Laura, King, Laura, Paramsothy, Remi, Sargeant, Janet, Silva, Pedro, Stuart, Carmel, Taylor, June, Tyl, David, Wakefield, Phillipa, Kamundi, Charlotte, Olufuwa, Olumide, Belagodu, Zakaulla, Gherman, Anca, Oakley, Naomi, Allan, John, Geary, Tim, Meikle, Alistair, O’Brien, Peter, Wood, Stephen, Clark, Andrew, Houston, Gordon, Black, Karen, Clarkson, Michelle, D’Sylva, Stuart, Morrison, Alan, Norman, Kathryn, Taylor, Margaret, Clements, Suzanne, Cohrane, Catriona, Gonzalez, Nora, Strachan, Dominic, Beith, Claire, Moar, Kirsten, Anderson, Peter, Archer, Katie, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Clayton, Sarah, Cother, Naiara, Cowley, Nicholas, Davis, Caroline, Digby, Stephen, Durie, Alison, Harrison, Alison, Low, Emma, McAlindon, Michael, McCurdy, Alex, Morgan, Aled, Rankin, Tobias, Thrush, Jessica, Tranter, Helen, Vigurs, Charlie, Wild, Laura, Murphy, Lorna, Smythe, Michelle, Brickell, Kathy, Ali, Inthakab Ali Mohamed, Beaumont, Karen, Elsaadany, Mohamed, Fernandes, Kay, Ally, Sameena Mohamed, Rangarajan, Harini, Sarathy, Varun, Selvanayagam, Sivarupan, Vedage, Dave, White, Matthew, Coton, Zoe, Joshy, Aricsa, Blunt, Mark, Curgenven, Hollie, Botfield, Liam, Dexter, Catherine, Kuravi, Aditya, Butler, Joanne, Chadwick, Robert, Ranga, Poonam, Richardson, Lisa, Virgilio, Emma, Anwer, Maddiha, Garg, Atul, Botfield, Donna, Marriott, Xana, Stewart, Keely, Mullan, Dee, Gaylard, Jane, Nowak, Justyna, Jones, Sian, Crawley, Rikki, Crew, Abigail, Cunningham, Mishell, Daniels, Allison, Harrison, Laura, Hope, Susan, Lancaster, Nicola, Matthews, Jamie, Wray, Gemma, Inweregbu, Ken, Cutts, Sarah, Miller, Katharine, Brady, Ailbhe, Chan, Rebekah, McIvor, Shane, Prady, Helena, Mathew, Bijoy, Little, Jeff, Furniss, Tim, Wright, Chris, King, Bernadette, Wasson, Christopher, O’Neill, Aisling, Turley, Christine, McGuigan, Peter, Collins, Erin, Finn, Stephanie, Green, Jackie, McAuley, Julie, Nair, Abitha, Quinn, Charlotte, Tauro, Suzanne, Ward, Kathryn, McGinlay, Michael, Reddy, Kiran, Ahmad, Norfaizan, Anderson, Samantha, Barker, Joann, Bauchmuller, Kris, Birchall, Kathryn, Bird, Sarah, Cawthron, Kay, Chetam, Luke, Cole, Joby, Donne, Ben, Foote, David, Ford, Amber, Hanratty, Helena, Harrington, Kate, Hesseldon, Lisa, Housley, Kay, Jackson, Yvonne, Jarman, Claire, Kibutu, Faith, Lenagh, Becky, Macharia, Irene, Masuko, Shamiso, Milner, Leanne, Newell, Helen, Nwafor, Lorenza, Oxspring, Simon, Phillips, Patrick, Raithatha, Ajay, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Smith, Jacqui, Thompson, Roger, Trower, Helen, Walker, Sara, Watson, James, Wiles, Matthew, Lye, Alison, Willson, Jayne, Mills, Gary, Harris, Sansha, Hartill, Eleanor, Barron, Anthony, Collins, Ciara, Kaul, Sundeep, Nolan, Claire, Polgar, Oliver, Prendergast, Claire, Rogers, Paula, Shokkar, Rajvinder, Woodruff, Meriel, Mahay, Kanta, Reed, Anna, Meyrick, Hayley, Passmore, Heather, Farwell, James, O’Connell, Susan, Gregory, Jane, Barberis, Luigi, Harper, Rosemary, Smith, Tim, Armstrong, Diane, Bowey, Angie, Cowley, Anne, Corner, Andrew, Highgate, Judith, Rutherfurd, Claire, Taylor, Jo-Anne, Goodwin, Sarah, Eapen, Beena, Trim, Fiona, Donnison, Phil, Armstrong, Lisa, Bates, Hayley, Dooks, Emma, Farquhar, Fiona, Kitching, Amy, McParland, Chantal, Packham, Sophie, Hairsine, Brigid, Andreou, Premetie, Hales, Dawn, Mathews, Megha, Patel, Rekha, Barry, Peter, Flint, Neil, Hailstone, Jessica, Ghuman, Navneet, Leonard, Bethany, Lees, Rachel, Butcher, Deborah, Leng, Katy, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, O’Sullivan, Susie, Ghosh, Alison, Williams, Emma, Adams, Colene, Agasou, Anita, Arden, Tracie, Beekes, Mandy, Bowes, Amy, Boyle, Pauline, Button, Heather, Carnahan, Mandy, Carter, Anne, Childs, Danielle, Hurford, Fran, Hussain, Yasmin, Javaid, Ayesha, Jones, James, Leigh, Michael, Martin, Terry, Millward, Helen, Motherwell, Nichola, Newman, Julie, Rikunenko, Rachel, Stickley, Jo, Summers, Julie, Ting, Louise, Tivenan, Helen, Donaldson, Denise, Capps, Nigel, Cale, Emily, Jose, Sanal, Osbourne, Wendy, Pajak, Susie, Rankin, Jayne, Tonks, Louise, Baird, Tracy, Harkins, Margaret, Ruddy, Jim, West, Joe, Duffield, Joseph, Mallon, Lewis, Smith, Oliver, Smuts, Sara, Campbell, Andy, Davies, Cate, Davies, Sarah, Hughes, Rachel, Jobes, Lisa, Whitehead, Victoria, Watkins, Clare, Bowman, Fiona, Milligan, Barry, McPherson, Liane, Metherell, Stella, Harris, Nichola, Lake, Victoria, Radford, Elizabeth, Smallwood, Andy, Gopal, Shameer, Vassell, Katherine, Bell, Dina, Boyle, Rosalind, Douglas, Katie, Glass, Lynn, Lennon, Liz, Rattray, Austin, Lee, Emma, Jones, Danielle, Parsons, Penny, Attwood, Ben, Jefferson, Paul, Ranganathan, Mohan, Atwal, Inderjit, Campbell, Bridget, Day, Angela, Stagg, Camilla, Haynes, Emma, Ahmed, Cecilia, Clamp, Sarah, Colley, Julie, Haq, Risna, Hayes, Anne, Joseph, Sibet, Maqsood, Zahira, Hussain, Samia, Hulme, Jonathan, Domingos, Patience, Kumar, Rita, Purewal, Manjit, Taylor, Becky, Bunni, Lara, Latif, Monica, Jennings, Claire, Jose, Shilu, Marshall, Rebecca, Metryka, Aleksandra, Subramanian, Gayathri, Burgoyne, Adam, Tyler, Amanda, Waldron, Joanne, Hilltout, Paula, Evitts, Jayne, Ward, Geraldine, Bremmer, Pamela, Hawkins, Carl, Jackman, Sophie, Ogorek, Michal, Ashby, Kylie, Thornton, Lorraine, Mercer, Pauline, Halkes, Matthew, Revill, Adam, Saint, Bryony, Fletcher, Jo, Netherton, Kimberley, Chablani, Manish, Kirkby, Amy, Roper, Amanda, Szymiczek, Kinga, Sutherland, Isobel, O’Brien, Linda, Connell, Joanne, Davies, Kim, Lewis, Tracy, Omar, Zohra, Perkins, Emma, Sathe, Sonia, Davies, Ellie, Lyon, Alex, Mapfunde, Isheunesu, Willis, Charlotte, Hitchcock, Rachael, Hall, Kathryn, King, Christopher, Fagan, Andrew, Nazari, Roonak, Worsley, Lucy, Allibone, Suzanne, Kasipandian, Vidya, Patel, Amit, Cutting, Parisa, Genetu, Roman, Mac, Ainhi, Murphy, Anthony, Ward, Sinead, Butt, Fatima, Ayers, Amanda, Harrison, Wendy, Mackintosh, Katherine, North, Julie, Ashton, Lydia, Bi, Rehana, Owen, Samantha, Winmill, Helen, Scholefield, Barney, Blowing, Hannah, Williams, Erin, Duskova, Michaela, Edwards, Michelle, Rees, Alun, Thomas, Helen, Brooks, Jolene, Phipps, Janet, Brooks, Suzanne, Dennis, Catherine, Parris, Vicki, Srikaran, Sinduya, Sukha, Anisha, McGregor, Alistair, Tiongson, Gerlynn, Adams, Katie, Andrew, Benedict, Brayne, Adam, Carter, Sasha, Findlay, Louise, Fisher, Emma, Jackson, Peter, Kaye, Duncan, Parkin, Juliet, Tuckey, Victoria, Hunt, Jane, Love, Nicholas, van Koutrick, Lynne, Hanson, Ashley, Dent, Kathy, Horsley, Elizabeth, Pearson, Sandra, Spencer, Sue, Hutchinson, Dorothy, Potoczna, Dorota, Akhtar, Muhammad Nauman, Cottam, Lisa-Jayne, Sanders, Jack, Garcia, Sara Mingo, pakou, Glykeria, Filipe, Helder, Maharajh, Amitaa, de Neef, Mark, Martin, Daniel, Eastgate, Christine, Teoh, Poh Choo, Barrett, Fiona, Bradley, Clare, Donaldson, Avril, Mascarenhas, Mairi, O’Hara, Marianne, Okeefe, Laura, Clarke, Noreen, Whiteside, Jonathan, Campbell, Rachael, Matheson, Joanna, McDonald, Deborah, Patience, Donna, Rice, Polly, Clapham, Melanie, Mutch, Rachel, Craig, Hannah, Poultney, Una, Burns, Karen, Twiss, Sophie, Barton, Janet, George, Linsha, Harrop, Clare, Mathew, Sherly, Wright, David Justin, Harrison, Rachel, Toohie, Jordan, Chandler, Ben, Turnbull, Alison, Mallinson, Janine, Elliott, Kerry, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Tench, Helen, Hobrok, Maria, Loosley, Ronda, McGuinness, Heather, Sims, Tanya, Afolabi, Deborah, Allison, Kathryn Sian, Anderson, Taya, Dore, Rachael, Jones, Dawn, Rogers, Naomi, Saunderson, Paula, Whitbread, Jennifer, O’Malley, Laura, Rad, Laura, Hawcutt, Daniel, Aldridge, Jonathan, Tolson, Melanie, Garrioch, Sweyn, Tomlinson, Joanne, Grosdenier, Michael, Loader, David, Kapoor, Ritoo, Hector, Gemma, Scherewode, Joslan, Sri-Chandana, Chunda, Stephenson, Lorraine, Marsh, Sarah, Rosa, Arnold Dela, Jhanji, Shaman, Bemand, Thomas, Howle, Ryan, Baikady, Ravishankar Rao, Thomas, Benjamin, Black, Ethel, Tatham, Kate, Gurram, Sambasivarao, Watson, Ekaterina, Quaid, Sheena, Saunderson, Anne, O’Brien, Rachel, Moultrie, Sam, Service, Jen, Cheyne, Clare, Odam, Miranda, Wiliams, Alison, Barnes, Nicky, Csabi, Peter, Rocha, Joana Da, Glynou, Louika, Huffenberger, Amy, Bryant, Jade, Pickard, Amy, Roe, Nicholas, Bellini, Arianna, Mayer, Anton, Burrow, Amy, Colley, Natalie, Evans, Jayne, Howlett, Alex, Khalifeh, Zeinab, Pryce, Jerldine, Gorman, Claire, Brady, Rebecca, Timlick, Elizabeth, Antoine, Pierre, Gupta, Abhinhav, Hardy, John, Houlden, Henry, Moncur, Eleanor, Tucci, Arianna, Tariq, Ambreen, Tagliavini, Emma, Ramsay, Becky, Fidler, Katy, Donnelly, Kevin, Hollis, Rebecca, Barr, Jocelyn, Boyd, Elizabeth, Irvine, Val, Shelley, Ben, Buckley, Julie, Hamilton, Charlene, Valdeavella, Kathryn, Bircham, Sarah, Liggett, Steven, Patil, Anand, Siddiq, Afshan, Goddard, Peter, Donovan, Sally, Zainy, Tala, Maleady-Crowe, Fiona, Todd, Linda, Salehi, Shahla, Elgar, Greg, Chan, Georgia, Arumugam, Prabhu, Patch, Christine, Rendon, Augusto, Bentley, David, Kingsley, Clare, Fowler, Tom A., Elliott, Paul, Tenesa, Albert, Aitkin, Emma, Aravindan, Latha, Armstrong, Ruth, Biggs, Heather, Boz, Ceilia, Brown, Adam, Chikowore, Primmy, Coutts, Audrey, Coyle, Judy, Cullum, Louise, Das, Sukamal, Day, Nicky, Donnelly, Lorna, Duncan, Esther, Finernan, Paul, Fourman, Max Head, Furlong, Anita, Furniss, James, Gallagher, Bernadette, Gilchrist, Tammy, Golightly, Ailsa, Hafezi, Katarzyna, Hamilton, Debbie, Hendry, Ross, Kearns, Naomi, Law, Dawn, Law, Rachel, Law, Sarah, Lidstone-Scott, Rebecca, Lauder, Christen, Macgillivray, Louise, Maclean, Alan, Mal, Hanning, McCafferty, Sarah, Mcmaster, Ellie, Meikle, Jen, Moore, Shona C., Murphy, Sheena, Mybaya, Hellen, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Zheng, Chenqing, Chen, Jiantao, Paterson, Trevor, Tucker, Petra, Schon, Katherine, Stenhouse, Andrew, Das, Mihaela, Swets, Maaike, Szoor-McElhinney, Helen, Taneski, Filip, Turtle, Lance, Wackett, Tony, Ward, Mairi, Weaver, Jane, Wrobel, Nicola, Rakitko, Alexander, Ilinsky, Valery, Yermakovich, Danat, Popov, Iaroslav, Chernitsov, Alexander, Kovalenko, Elena, Vergasova, Ekaterina, Prokhorov, Alexandr, Krasnenko, Anna, Plotnikov, Nikolay, Stetsenko, Ivan, Kim, Anna, Cirulli, Elizabeth T., Schiabor Barrett, Kelly M., Bolze, Alexandre, White, Simon, Washington, Nicole L., Lu, James T., Riffle, Stephen, Tanudjaja, Francisco, Wang, Xueqing, Ramirez, Jimmy M., Leonetti, Nicole, Sandoval, Efren, Neveux, Iva, Dabe, Shaun, Grzymski, Joseph J., Joshi, Madhvi N., Dixit, Raghav D., Shah, Pranay K., Upadhyay, Kamlesh J., Chuhan, Naresh T., Desai, Kairavi J., Shah, Meenakshi R., Modi, Bhavesh, Joshi, Chaitanya G., Pandit, Ramesh J., Singh, Indra, Ansari, Afzal I., Raval, Janvi N., Patel, Zarna Z., Moreno-Estrada, Andres, Vázquez-Pérez, Joel Armando, Castillejos-López, Manuel, Aquino-Gálvez, Arnoldo, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Ávila-Arcos, María C., Luna, María Teresa Tusié, Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo, Barberena-Jonas, Carmina, Quinto-Cortés, Consuelo D., Ávila-Arcos, Marco Antonio, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, García-García, Lourdes, Barnetche, Jesús Martinez, Alpuche-Aranda, Celia, Rivera, Juan A., Gutiérrez, Tonatiuh Barrientos, Ochoa-Guzmán, Ana, Ordoñez-Sánchez, Maria Luisa, Segura-Kato, Yayoi, Herrera-Montalvo, Luis Alonso, Mendoza-Vargas, Alfredo, Reyes-Grajeda, Juan Pablo, Cruz-Cruz, Alonso D., Velázquez-Cruz, Rafael, Torres-Espíndola, Luz María, Sierra-Vargas, Martha Patricia, Camarena, Angel, Ruiz, Víctor, Chávez-Alderete, Jaime, Jaime-Capetillo, María Esther, Guadarrama-Pérez, Cristóbal, Zúñiga-Ramos, Joaquin, Olivera-Ramírez, Alejandra, Martínez, Miguel Angel López, Serna-Muñoz, Ricardo, Garmendia, Adriana, Namkoong, Ho, Okada, Yukinori, Imoto, Seiya, Katayama, Kazuhiko, Fukunaga, Koichi, Kitagawa, Yuko, Sato, Toshiro, Hasegawa, Naoki, Kumanogoh, Atsushi, Kimura, Akinori, Ai, Masumi, Tokunaga, Katsushi, Kanai, Takanori, Miyano, Satoru, Ogawa, Seishi, Edahiro, Ryuya, Sonehara, Kyuto, Shirai, Yuya, Ishii, Makoto, Kabata, Hiroki, Masaki, Katsunori, Kamata, Hirofumi, Ikemura, Shinnosuke, Chubachi, Shotaro, Okamori, Satoshi, Terai, Hideki, Tanaka, Hiromu, Morita, Atsuho, Lee, Ho, Asakura, Takanori, Sasaki, Junichi, Morisaki, Hiroshi, Uwamino, Yoshifumi, Nanki, Kosaku, Mikami, Yohei, Tomono, Kazunori, Kato, Kazuto, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Takahashi, Meiko, Hizawa, Nobuyuki, Takeda, Yoshito, Hirata, Haruhiko, Shiroyama, Takayuki, Miyawaki, Satoru, Suzuki, Ken, Maeda, Yuichi, Nii, Takuro, Noda, Yoshimi, Niitsu, Takayuki, Adachi, Yuichi, Enomoto, Takatoshi, Amiya, Saori, Hara, Reina, Takahashi, Kunihiko, Anzai, Tatsuhiko, Hasegawa, Takanori, Ito, Satoshi, Koike, Ryuji, Endo, Akifumi, Uchimura, Yuji, Miyazaki, Yasunari, Honda, Takayuki, Tateishi, Tomoya, Tohda, Shuji, Ichimura, Naoya, Sonobe, Kazunari, Sassa, Chihiro, Nakajima, Jun, Nannya, Yasuhito, Omae, Yosuke, Takahashi, Kazuhisa, Harada, Norihiro, Hiki, Makoto, Takagi, Haruhi, Nakamura, Ai, Tagaya, Etsuko, Kawana, Masatoshi, Arimura, Ken, Ishiguro, Takashi, Takayanagi, Noboru, Isono, Taisuke, Takaku, Yotaro, Takano, Kenji, Anan, Ryusuke, Nakajima, Yukiko, Nakano, Yasushi, Nishio, Kazumi, Ueda, Soichiro, Hayashi, Reina, Tateno, Hiroki, Hase, Isano, Yoshida, Shuichi, Suzuki, Shoji, Mitamura, Keiko, Saito, Fumitake, Ueda, Tetsuya, Azuma, Masanori, Nagasaki, Tadao, Yasui, Yoshinori, Hasegawa, Yoshinori, Mutoh, Yoshikazu, Yoshiyama, Takashi, Shoko, Tomohisa, Kojima, Mitsuaki, Adachi, Tomohiro, Ishikawa, Motonao, Takahashi, Kenichiro, Watanabe, Kazuyoshi, Manabe, Tadashi, Ito, Fumimaro, Fukui, Takahiro, Funatsu, Yohei, Koh, Hidefumi, Hirai, Yoshihiro, Kawashima, Hidetoshi, Narita, Atsuya, Niwa, Kazuki, Sekikawa, Yoshiyuki, Saito, Fukuki, Yoshiya, Kazuhisa, Yoshihara, Tomoyuki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Nakayama, Sohei, Masuzawa, Keita, Nishi, Koichi, Nishitsuji, Masaru, Tani, Maiko, Inoue, Takashi, Hirano, Toshiyuki, Kobayashi, Keigo, Miyazawa, Naoki, Kimura, Yasuhiro, Sado, Reiko, Ogura, Takashi, Kitamura, Hideya, Murohashi, Kota, Nakachi, Ichiro, Baba, Rie, Arai, Daisuke, Fuke, Satoshi, Saito, Hiroshi, Kuwahara, Naota, Fujiwara, Akiko, Okada, Takenori, Baba, Tomoya, Noda, Junya, Mashimo, Shuko, Yagi, Kazuma, Shiomi, Tetsuya, Hashiguchi, Mizuha, Odani, Toshio, Mochimaru, Takao, Oyamada, Yoshitaka, Mori, Nobuaki, Izumi, Namiki, Nagata, Kaoru, Taki, Reiko, Murakami, Koji, Yamada, Mitsuhiro, Sugiura, Hisatoshi, Hayashi, Kentaro, Shimizu, Tetsuo, Gon, Yasuhiro, Fujitani, Shigeki, Tsuchida, Tomoya, Yoshida, Toru, Kagaya, Takashi, Kita, Toshiyuki, Sakagami, Satoru, Kimizuka, Yoshifumi, Kawana, Akihiko, Nakamura, Yoshihiko, Ishikura, Hiroyasu, Takata, Tohru, Kikuchi, Takahide, Taniyama, Daisuke, Nakamura, Morio, Kodama, Nobuhiro, Kaneyama, Yasunari, Maeda, Shunsuke, Nagasaki, Yoji, Okamoto, Masaki, Ishihara, Sayoko, Ito, Akihiro, Chihara, Yusuke, Takeuchi, Mayumi, Onoi, Keisuke, Hashimoto, Naozumi, Wakahara, Keiko, Ando, Akira, Masuda, Makoto, Wakabayashi, Aya, Watanabe, Hiroki, Sageshima, Hisako, Nakada, Taka-Aki, Abe, Ryuzo, Shimada, Tadanaga, Kawamura, Kodai, Ichikado, Kazuya, Nishiyama, Kenta, Yamasaki, Masaki, Hashimoto, Satoru, Kusaka, Yu, Ohba, Takehiko, Isogai, Susumu, Takada, Minoru, Kanda, Hidenori, Komase, Yuko, Sano, Fumiaki, Asano, Koichiro, Oguma, Tsuyoshi, Harada, Masahiro, Takahashi, Takeshi, Shibusawa, Takayuki, Abe, Shinji, Kono, Yuta, Togashi, Yuki, Izumo, Takehiro, Inomata, Minoru, Awano, Nobuyasu, Ogawa, Shinichi, Ogata, Tomouki, Ishihara, Shoichiro, Kanehiro, Arihiko, Ozaki, Shinji, Fuchimoto, Yasuko, Kitagawa, Yuichiro, Yoshida, Shozo, Ogura, Shinji, Nishiyama, Kei, Yoshida, Kousuke, Beppu, Satoru, Fukuyama, Satoru, Eriguchi, Yoshihiro, Yonekawa, Akiko, Inoue, Yoshiaki, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Chiba, Shigeru, Narumoto, Osamu, Nagai, Hideaki, Ooshima, Nobuharu, Motegi, Mitsuru, Sagara, Hironori, Tanaka, Akihiko, Ohta, Shin, Shibata, Yoko, Tanino, Yoshinori, Sato, Yuki, Yamada, Yuichiro, Hashino, Takuya, Shinoki, Masato, Iwagoe, Hajime, Imamura, Tomonori, Umeda, Akira, Shimada, Hisato, Endo, Mayu, Hayashi, Shinichi, Takahashi, Mai, Nakano, Shigefumi, Yatomi, Masakiyo, Maeno, Toshitaka, Ishii, Tomoo, Utsugi, Mitsuyoshi, Ono, Akihiro, Kanaoka, Kensuke, Ihara, Shoichi, Komuta, Kiyoshi, Nishida, Nao, Kawai, Yosuke, Sugiyama, Masaya, Alawneh, Laith M., Maswadeh, Kinda B., Alsoub, Fatima S., AlRawashdeh, Tala J., Esawi, Ezaldeen, Abu Alragheb, Bayan O., Maswadeh, Ahmad B., Al-Kadash, Abdulfattah, Al-Ani, Abdallah, Alsafadi, Dana B., Shahin, Mohammad A., Qtaish, Nuseibah Al, Alawneh, Fade M., Abulail, Joseph A., Zhlawi, Hadi J., Alhousani, Tasneem N., Alzuraiqi, Mohammad R., Al-Ja’afreh, Mohammad M., Allouzy, Sara K., ALjalamdeh, Mothafer, Mansour, Tareq M., Alamer, Lina M., Issa, Ali Banni, Bani younis, Fatima M., Hawari, Feras I., Hayajneh, Wail A., Obeidat, Nathir M., Ahram, Mamoun, Zhlawi, Moh’d Wahib J., Alshaer, Walhan, Al-Kasasbeh, Malak M., Naffa, Randa G., Ismail, Mohammad A., Abdullah, Mohammed S., Ismail, Said I., Obeidat, Ma’en, Hernández Cordero, Ana I., Sin, Don D., Bossé, Yohan, Joubert, Philippe, Hao, Ke, Nickle, David, Timens, Wim, van den Berge, Maarten, Feng, Yen-Chen Anne, Mercader, Josep, Weiss, Scott T., Karlson, Elizabeth W., Smoller, Jordan W., Murphy, Shawn N., Meigs, James B., Woolley, Ann E., Green, Robert C., Mandla, Ravi, Schroeder, Philip, Perez, Emma F., Lee, Seung Hyuk T., Flores-Silva, Fernando Daniel, Chiquete, Erwin, Cantú-Brito, Carlos, Sifuentes-Osornio, José, de León-Garduño, Alfredo Ponce, Román-Montes, Carla Marina, Chávez-Manzanera, Emma, Velasco, Donaji Gómez, Martagón-Rosado, Alexandro, Cruz-Bautista, Ivette, Gómez-Pérez, Francisco Javier, Díaz-Olavarrieta, Claudia, Valdés, Paloma Almeda, Muñóz-Hernández, Linda Liliana, Mehta, Roopa Pravin, Elías-López, Daniel, Tusié-Luna, Teresa, Pajukanta, Päivi, Sukhatme, Mihir G., Moreno-Macías, Hortensia, Ruth, Johnson, González-Behn-Eschenburg, Sebastián, García-Grimshaw, Miguel, Guillen-Pineda, Luz Elizabeth, de los Ángeles Vargas-Martínez, María, Rodríguez, Maribel, Rodríguez-Guillén, Rosario, Ordoñez, María Luisa, Rajme-López, Sandra, González-Lara, María Fernanda, Luna-Moreno, Dalia, de Jesús Suárez López, Jannet, Guillén-Quintero, Daniela Mariel, Vega, Juan, Duran-Coyote, Salvador, Guerra-García, María Teresa, Durán-Gómez, Michelle, Vigueras-Hernández, Alma, Ramírez-Jiménez, Marco Eduardo, Grajeda-González, Samara Lissete, Ramos-Galicia, Enrique Manuel, Ramírez-Carrillo, Martha Fernanda, Fernandez-Ruiz, Juan, Chirino-Pérez, Amanda, Romero-Molina, Ángel Omar, Zavaleta, David Alejandro Fuentes, Jaramillo, María Andrea Mac Donald, López, Katia Jarely Prieto, Incontri-Abraham, Diego, Rosado, Wendy Natalia, Catalán, María Alonso, Aguilar, Sonia Evelyn Vital, Zamudio, Ileana Paola Montero, Ruíz-Ruíz, Eduardo, de Jesús Carrera García, Kevin, Guerrero, Cristina Villarreal, Martínez, Ana Isabel Rodríguez, Moscoso-Sánchez, Rogelio, del Consuelo Rodríguez Mancilla, María, Villa, Antonio, Luna-Ramírez, Samuel Alejandro, Hernández-Hernández, Sergio, Frias, Erika, Campos, Alejandro, Morales-Sosa, Paola Alessandra, Toxqui-Merchant, Luis Enrique, García, Karla, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Butte, Manish J., Geschwind, Daniel H., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Heidecker, Bettina, Kurth, Florian, Sander, Leif E., Skurk, Carsten, Landmesser, Ulf, Karadeniz, Zehra, Wang, Xiaomin, Poller, Wolfgang, Suwalski, Phillip, Ripke, Stephan, Braun, Alice, Kraft, Julia, Mayer, Alena, Lippert, Lena J., Helbig, Elisa T., Thibeault, Charlotte, Awasthi, Swapnil, Mbarek, Hamdi, Saad, Chadi, Al-Sarraj, Yaser, Badji, Radja Messai, Al-Muftah, Wadha, Thani, Asma Al, Afifi, Nahla, Sadiq, Fouzia, Khan, Mohammad I., Bhutta, Muhammad J., Khan, Hania, Khan, Madeeha, Ain, Quratul, Junaid, Ayesha, Khan, Ejaz A., Sypniewski, Mateusz, Lejman, Adrian, Zawadzki, Paweł, Sztromwasser, Paweł, Król, Zbigniew, Dobosz, Paula, Stojak, Joanna, Flores, Carlos, Carracedo, Ángel, Aguilar, Carlos, Arranz, María J., Baptista-Rosas, Raúl C., Bezerra, Joao F., Bezerra, Marcos A. C., Brugada, Ramón, Bustos, Matilde, Castano, Luis, Conde-Vicente, Rosa, Cordero-Lorenzana, M. Lourdes, De Martino-Rodríguez, Alba, Domínguez-Garrido, Elena, Fariñas, María Carmen, Gil-Fournier, Belén, Herrero, María José, Lattig, María Claudia, Martín-López, Caridad, Martín, Vicente, Martinez-Nieto, Oscar, Martinez-Lopez, Iciar, Mazzeu, Juliana F., Macías, Eleuterio Merayo, Cuerda, Victor Moreno, Silbiger, Vivian N., Oliveira, Silviene F., Parellada, Mara, Santos, Ney P. C., Pérez-Matute, Patricia, Perez, Patricia, Perucho, Teresa, Porras-Hurtado, Gloria L., Pujol, Aurora, Fernández-Rodríguez, Amanda, Jimenez-Sousa, María A., Rodríguez-Ruiz, Emilio, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Garcia, José A., Ruiz-Cabello, Francisco, Soria, José Manuel, Tamayo, Eduardo, Teper, Alejandro, Torres-Tobar, Lilian, Urioste, Miguel, Yáñez, Zuleima, Zarate, Ruth, Guillen-Navarro, Encarna, Ayuso, Carmen, González-Neira, Anna, Riancho, José A., Rojas-Martinez, Augusto, Lapunzina, Pablo, Cruz, Raquel, Diz-de Almeida, Silvia, Ceballos, Francisco C., Lorenzo-Salazar, José M., González-Montelongo, Rafaela, Quintela, Inés, Pita, Guillermo, Gago-Domínguez, Manuela, Porras, Marta Sevilla, Tenorio-Castaño, Jair Antonio, Nevado, Julian, Aguado, Jose María, Aguilera-Albesa, Sergio, Almadana, Virginia, Almoguera, Berta, Alvarez, Nuria, Andreu-Bernabeu, Álvaro, Arango, Celso, Artiga, Maria-Jesus, Barreda-Sánchez, María, Belhassen-Garcia, Moncef, Boix-Palop, Lucía, Brion, María, Carbonell, Cristina, Castelao, Jose E., Cortes-Sanchez, Jose L., Corton, Marta, Darnaude, M. Teresa, del Campo-Pérez, Victor, de Bustamante, Aranzazu Diaz, Luchessi, Andre D., Eiros, Rocío, Sanabria, Gladys Mercedes Estigarribia, Fernández-Robelo, Uxía, Fernández-Villa, Tania, Gómez-Arrue, Javier, Álvarez, Beatriz González, de Quirós, Fernan Gonzalez Bernaldo, González-Peñas, Javier, Gutiérrez-Bautista, Juan F., Herrero-Gonzalez, Antonio, Borja, Anabel Liger, Lopez-Rodriguez, Rosario, Mancebo, Esther, Martinez-Resendez, Michel F., Martinez-Perez, Angel, Minguez, Pablo, Ortega-Paino, Eva, Paz-Artal, Estela, Pérez-Tomás, M. Elena, Pinsach-Abuin, Mel·lina, Pompa-Mera, Ericka N., León, Soraya Ramiro, Resino, Salvador, Fernandes, Marianne R., Ruiz-Hornillos, Javier, Ryan, Pablo, Souto, Juan Carlos, Tamayo-Velasco, Alvaro, Taracido-Fernandez, Juan Carlos, Valencia-Ramos, Juan, de Heredia, Miguel López, Pedersen, Ole B., Erikstrup, Christian, Ostrowski, Sisse R., Stefansson, Kari, Mikkelsen, Susan, Sørensen, Erik, Burgos, Celia, Andersen, Steffen, Brugdorf, Kristoffer, Hansen, Thomas F., Hjalgrim, Henrik, Jemec, Gregor B., Nyegaard, Mette, Werge, Thomas, Johansson, Pär I., Didriksen, Maria, Schwinn, Michael, Jacobsen, Rikke L., Hindhede, Lotte, Rostgaard, Klaus, Gudbjartsson, Daniel, Stefánsson, Hreinn, Þorsteinsdóttir, Unnur, Nielsen, Kaspar R., Bruun, Mie Topholm, Dinh, Khoa M., Larsen, Margit A. H., Sækmose, Susanne G., Zeberg, Hugo, Nkambul, Lindo, Frithiof, Robert, Hultström, Michael, Lipcsey, Miklos, Tardif, Nicolas, Rooyackers, Olav, Grip, Jonathan, Maricic, Tomislav, Heid, Iris M., Wagner, Ralf, Überla, Klaus, Winkler, Thomas W., Wiegrebe, Simon, Gorski, Mathias, Stark, Klaus J., Peterhoff, David, Einhauser, Sebastian, Niller, Hans-Helmut, Beileke, Stephanie, Johnson, Ruth, Freimer, Nelson, Ding, Yi, Chiu, Alec, Chang, Timothy S., Boutros, Paul, Karczewski, Konrad J., Martin, Alicia R., Wilson, Daniel J., Spencer, Chris C. A., Crook, Derrick W., Wyllie, David H., O’Connell, Anne Marie, Atkinson, Elizabeth G., Tsuo, Kristin, Baya, Nikolas, Turley, Patrick, Gupta, Rahul, Walters, Raymond K., Palmer, Duncan S., Sarma, Gopal, Solomonson, Matthew, Cheng, Nathan, Lu, Wenhan, Churchhouse, Claire, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., King, Daniel, Zhou, Wei, Seed, Cotton, Daly, Mark J., Finucane, Hilary, Bryant, Sam, Satterstrom, F. Kyle, Band, Gavin, Earle, Sarah G., Lin, Shang-Kuan, Arning, Nicolas, Koelling, Nils, Armstrong, Jacob, Rudkin, Justine K., Callier, Shawneequa, Cusick, Caroline, Fernandez-Cadenas, Israel, Planas, Anna M., Perez-Tur, Jordi, Llucià-Carol, Laia, Cullell, Natalia, Muiño, Elena, Cárcel-Márquez, Jara, DeDiego, Marta L., Iglesias, Lara Lloret, Soriano, Alex, Rico, Veronica, Agüero, Daiana, Bedini, Josep L., Lozano, Francisco, Domingo, Carlos, Robles, Veronica, Ruiz-Jaén, Francisca, Márquez, Leonardo, Gomez, Juan, Coto, Eliecer, Albaiceta, Guillermo M., García-Clemente, Marta, Dalmau, David, Arranz, Maria J., Dietl, Beatriz, Serra-Llovich, Alex, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Colobran, Roger, Martin-Nalda, Andrea, Parra-Martínez, Alba, Bernardo, David, Rojo, Silvia, Fiz-López, Aida, Arribas-Rodriguez, Elisa, Cal-Sabater, Paloma, Segura, Tomás, González-Villar, Esther, Serrano-Heras, Gemma, Martí-Fàbregas, Joan, Jiménez-Xarrié, Elena, de Felipe Mimbrera, Alicia, Masjuan, Jaime, García-Madrona, 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M., Allen, Upton, Cheung, Angela M., Herridge, Margaret S., Hunt, Miranda, Lerner-Ellis, Jordan, Taher, Jennifer, Parekh, Rulan S., Hiraki, Linda T., Cowan, Juthaporn, Ducharme, Francine M., Ostrowski, Mario, Bernier, Francois P., Kellner, Jim, Garg, Elika, Yoo, Samantha, Vlasschaert, Caitlyn, Frangione, Erika, Chung, Monica, Noor, Abdul, Greenfeld, Elena, Colwill, Karen, Clausen, Marc, Chao, Gary, Yue, FengYun, Fritzler, Marvin, Whitney, Joseph, Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma, Garant, Jean-Michel, Abraham, Rohan, Davis, Adrienne, Campigotto, Aaron, Papenburg, Jesse, Niranjan, Kissoon, Betschel, Stephen, Sadarangani, Manish, Barton-Forbes, Michelle, Hanley, Michaela, Fung, Chun Yiu Jordan, Lapadula, Elisa, MacDonald, Georgia, Puopolo, Michael, Kaushik, Deepanjali, Nirmalanathan, Konika, Wong, Iris, Khan, Zeeshan, Zarei, Natasha, Michalowska, Maria, Modi, Bhavi P., Persia, Pourshahnazari, Estacio, Antonio, Buchholz, Megan, Cheatley, Patti Lou, Lorenti, Miranda, Aman, Nowrin F., Matveev, Vitaliy, Budylowski, Patrick, Upton, Julia, Morris, Shaun, Boyd, Tracy, Chowdhary, Sunakshi, Casalino, Selina, Morgan, Gregory, Mighton, Chloe, McGeer, Allison, Mazzulli, Tony, McLeod, Shelley L., Binnie, Alexandra, Faghfoury, Hanna, Chertkow, Howard, Racher, Hilary, Serbanescu, Mihaela A., Pavenski, Katerina, Esser, Michael, Thompson, Graham, Herbrick, Jo-Anne, Gignoux, Christopher R., Wicks, Stephen J., Crooks, Kristy, Barnes, Kathleen C., Daya, Michelle, Shortt, Jonathan, Rafaels, Nicholas, Chavan, Sameer, Schulze, Thomas G., Heilbronner, Urs, Papiol, Sergi, Corbetta, Andrea, Wendtner, Clemens M., Spinner, Christoph D., Erber, Johanna, Schneider, Jochen, Winter, Christof, Wiltfang, Jens, Budde, Monika, Senner, Fanny, Kalman, Janos L., Protzer, Ulrike, Mueller, Nikola S., Mousas, Abdou, Liontos, Angelos, Christaki, Eirini, Milionis, Haralampos, Tsilidis, Konstantinos, Asimakopoulos, Alexandros, Kanellopoulou, Afroditi, Markozannes, Georgios, Biros, Dimitrios, Milionis, Orestis, Tsourlos, Stavros, Athanasiou, Lazaros, Kolios, Nikolaos-Gavriil, Pappa, Christiana, Papathanasiou, Alexandros, Pargana, Eleni, Nasiou, Maria, Kosmidou, Maria, Rapti, Iro, Ntotsikas, Evangelos, Chaliasos, Konstantinos, Ntzani, Evangelia, Evangelou, Evangelos, Gartzonika, Konstantina, Georgiou, Ioannis, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Ellinghaus, David, Degenhardt, Frauke, Cáceres, Mario, Juzenas, Simonas, Lenz, Tobias L., Albillos, Agustín, Julià, Antonio, Prati, Daniele, Solligård, Erik, Garcia, Federico, Tran, Florian, Hanses, Frank, Baselli, Guido, Zoller, Heinz, Holter, Jan Cato, Fernández, Javier, Barretina, Jordi, Valenti, Luca, Bujanda, Luis, Buti, Maria, D’Amato, Mauro, Banales, Jesus M., Rosenstiel, Philip, Koehler, Philipp, Invernizzi, Pietro, de Cid, Rafael, Asselta, Rosanna, Schreiber, Stefan, Duga, Stefano, Hehr, Ute, Franke, Andre, Maya-Miles, Douglas, Hov, Johannes R., Karlsen, Tom H., Folseraas, Trine, Teles, Ana, Tanck, Anja, Gassner, Christoph, Azuure, Clinton, Wacker, Eike Matthias, Uellendahl-Werth, Florian, Hemmrich-Stanisak, Georg, ElAbd, Hesham, Kässens, Jan, Arora, Jatin, Lerga-Jaso, Jon, Wienbrandt, Lars, Rühlemann, Malte Christoph, Wendorff, Mareike, Figuera Basso, Maria E., Vadla, May Sissel, Wittig, Michael, Braun, Nicole, Lenning, Ole Bernt, Özer, Onur, Myhre, Ronny, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, Wesse, Tanja, Albrecht, Wolfgang, Yi, Xiaoli, Ortiz, Aaron Blandino, de Salazar, Adolfo, Chercoles, Adolfo Garrido, Palom, Adriana, Ruiz, Agustín, Garcia-Fernandez, Alba-Estela, Blanco-Grau, Albert, Mantovani, Alberto, Holten, Aleksander Rygh, Bandera, Alessandra, Cherubini, Alessandro, Protti, Alessandro, Aghemo, Alessio, Gerussi, Alessio, Ramirez, Alfredo, Nebel, Almut, Barreira, Ana, Lleo, Ana, Kildal, Anders Benjamin, Biondi, Andrea, Caballero-Garralda, Andrea, Gori, Andrea, Glück, Andreas, Lind, Andreas, Nolla, Anna Carreras, Latiano, Anna, Fracanzani, Anna Ludovica, Peschuck, Anna, Cavallero, Annalisa, Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma, Ruello, Antonella, Muscatello, Antonio, Voza, Antonio, Rando-Segura, Ariadna, Solier, Aurora, Cortes, Beatriz, Mateos, Beatriz, Nafria-Jimenez, Beatriz, Schaefer, Benedikt, Bellinghausen, Carla, Ferrando, Carlos, de la Horra, Carmen, Quereda, Carmen, Scollo, Chiara, Lange, Christoph, Hu, Cinzia, Paccapelo, Cinzia, Angelini, Claudio, Cappadona, Claudio, Bianco, Cristiana, Cea, Cristina, Sancho, Cristina, Hoff, Dag Arne Lihaug, Galimberti, Daniela, Haschka, David, Jiménez, David, Pestaña, David, Toapanta, David, Muñiz-Diaz, Eduardo, Azzolini, Elena, Sandoval, Elena, Binatti, Eleonora, Scarpini, Elio, Casalone, Elisabetta, Urrechaga, Eloisa, Paraboschi, Elvezia Maria, Pontali, Emanuele, Reverter, Enric, Calderón, Enrique J., Navas, Enrique, Contro, Ernesto, Arana-Arri, Eunate, Aziz, Fátima, Sánchez, Félix García, Ceriotti, Ferruccio, Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo, Peyvandi, Flora, Blasi, Francesco, Malvestiti, Francesco, Medrano, Francisco J., Mesonero, Francisco, Rodriguez-Frias, Francisco, Müller, Fredrik, Bellani, Giacomo, Pesenti, Antonio, Zanella, Alberto, Grasselli, Giacomo, Pezzoli, Gianni, Costantino, Giorgio, Albano, Giovanni, Cardamone, Giulia, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Citerio, Giuseppe, Foti, Giuseppe, Lamorte, Giuseppe, Matullo, Giuseppe, Kurihara, Hayato, Neb, Holger, My, Ilaria, Hernández, Isabel, de Rojas, Itziar, Galván-Femenia, Iván, Afset, Jan Egil, Heyckendorf, Jan, Damås, Jan Kristian, Ampuero, Javier, Martín, Javier, Erdmann, Jeanette, Badia, Joan Ramon, Dopazo, Joaquin, Bergan, Jonas, Quero, Jose Hernández, Goikoetxea, Josune, Delgado, Juan, Guerrero, Juan M., Risnes, Kari, Banasik, Karina, Müller, Karl Erik, Gaede, Karoline I., Garcia-Etxebarria, Koldo, Tonby, Kristian, Heggelund, Lars, Bettini, Laura Rachele, Sumoy, Lauro, Terranova, Leonardo, Gustad, Lise Tuset, Garbarino, Lucia, Santoro, Luigi, Téllez, Luis, Roade, Luisa, Ostadreza, Mahnoosh, Intxausti, Maider, Kogevinas, Manolis, Riveiro-Barciela, Mar, Schaefer, Marco, Gutiérrez-Stampa, María A., Carrabba, Maria, Valsecchi, Maria G., Hernandez-Tejero, María, Vehreschild, Maria J. G. T., Manunta, Maria, Acosta-Herrera, Marialbert, D’Angiò, Mariella, Baldini, Marina, Cazzaniga, Marina, Marquié, Marta, Castoldi, Massimo, Cecconi, Maurizio, Tomasi, Melissa, Boada, Mercè, Joannidis, Michael, Mazzocco, Michela, Ciccarelli, Michele, Rodríguez-Gandía, Miguel, Bocciolone, Monica, Miozzo, Monica, Ayo, Natale Imaz, Blay, Natalia, Chueca, Natalia, Montano, Nicola, Martínez, Nilda, Cornely, Oliver A., Palmieri, Orazio, Faverio, Paola, Preatoni, Paoletta, Bonfanti, Paolo, Omodei, Paolo, Tentorio, Paolo, Castro, Pedro, Rodrigues, Pedro M., Izquierdo-Sanchez, Laura, España, Pedro Pablo, Hoffmann, Per, Bacher, Petra, de Pablo, Raúl, Ferrer, Ricard, Gualtierotti, Roberta, Gallego-Durán, Rocío, Nieto, Rosa, Carpani, Rossana, Morilla, Rubén, Badalamenti, Salvatore, Haider, Sammra, Ciesek, Sandra, Bombace, Sara, Marsal, Sara, Klein, Sebastian, Pelusi, Serena, Wilfling, Sibylle, Goerg, Siegfried, Bosari, Silvano, Brunak, Søren, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Aliberti, Stefano, Dudman, Susanne, Zheng, Tenghao, Bahmer, Thomas, Pumarola, Tomas, Cejudo, Trinidad Gonzalez, Rimoldi, Valeria, Monzani, Valter, Skogen, Vegard, Friaza, Vicente, Andrade, Victor, Moreno, Victor, Peter, Wolfgang, Farre, Xavier, Khodamoradi, Yascha, Grimsrud, Marit M., May, Sandra, Colombo, Alicia, Virginia, Monardes-Ramírez A., Dorador, Cristina, Fuentes-Guajardo, Macarena, Silva, Andrea X., Espinosa-Parrilla, Yolanda, Yáñez, Cristian E., Retamales-Ortega, Rocío M., Saez Hidalgo, Juan M., Tobar-Calfucoy, Eduardo A., Carvajal-Silva, Laura, Martínez, Matías F., Cerpa, Leslie C., Christian, Muñoz A., Cappelli, Claudio, Valenzuela-Jorquera, Hector, Zapata-Contreras, Daniela, Zuñiga-Pacheco, Paula, Nova-Lamperti, Estefania A., Sanhueza, Sergio A., Donoso, Gerardo, Bocchieri, Pamela, Kochifas, Pia, Quiñones, Luis A., Pedersen, Ole Birger, Geller, Frank, Westergaard, David, Sequeros, Celia Burgos, Nissen, Janna, Nielsen, Susanne Dam, Feldt-Rasmussen, Ulla, Bliddal, Sofie, Grønbæk, Kirsten, Ullum, Henrik, Ostrowski, Sisse Rye, Feenstra, Bjarke, Shahin, Doaa, Sobh, Ali, Shoma, Ashraf, Nkambul, Lindokuhle, Elhadidy, Tamer A., Abd Elghafar, Mohamed S., El-Jawhari, Jehan J., Mohamed, Attia A. S., Elnagdy, Marwa H., Samir, Amr, Abdel-Aziz, Mahmoud, Khafaga, Walid T., El-Lawaty, Walaa M., Torky, Mohamed S., El-Shanshory, Mohamed R., Elzeiny, Ahmed, Rashad, Amal, Mansour, Tamer A., Yassen, Amr M., Hegazy, Mohamed A. F., Okasha, Kamal, Eid, Mohammed A., Hanteera, Moahmed S., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Ikram, M. Arfan, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Ripatti, Samuli, Jermy, Bradley, Ruotsalainen, Sanni, Kristiansson, Kati, Koskelainen, Sami, Perola, Markus, Donner, Kati, Kivinen, Katja, Palotie, Aarno, Kaunisto, Mari, Julienne, Hanna, Aschard, Hugues, Deleuze, Jean-Francois, Debette, Stephanie, Tregouet, David-Alexandre, Abel, Laurent, Henches, Léo, Lefloch, Edith, Claire, Dandine-Roulland, Sakuntabhai, Anavaj, Bourgeron, Thomas, Olaso, Robert, Daian, Delphine Bacq, Pellegrin, Isabelle, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Cobat, Aurélie, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Zhang, Qian, Ghosn, Jade, Mentré, France, Laouénan, Cédric, Tubiana, Sarah, Chirouze, Catherine, Quintana-Murci, Luis, Patin, Etienne, Duffy, Darragh, Boland, Anne, Carreras, Anna, Galván-Femenía, Iván, Farré, Xavier, Cortés, Beatriz, Mercader, Josep Maria, Guindo-Martinez, Marta, Torrents, David, Garcia-Aymerich, Judith, Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma, Dobaño, Carlota, van Heel, David A., Hunt, Karen A., Trembath, Richard C., Jacobs, Benjamin Meir, Huang, Qin Qin, Martin, Hilary C., Mason, Dan, Trivedi, Bhavi, Wright, John, Munisamy, Malathy, Finer, Sarah, Griffiths, Christopher J., McCarthy, Mark I., Rosenberger, Carrie, Lee, Jong Eun, Chang, Diana, Hammer, Christian, Hunkapiller, Julie, Mahajan, Anubha, Pendergrass, Rion, Sucheston-Campbell, Lara, Yaspan, Brian, Lee, Hyun Soo, Shin, Eunsoon, Jang, Hye Yoon, Kim, Sunmie, Kym, Sungmin, Kim, Yeon-Sook, Jeong, Hyeongseok, Kwon, Ki Tae, Kim, Shin-Woo, Kim, Jin Yong, Jang, Young Rock, Kim, Hyun ah, Lee, Ji yeon, Lee, Jeong Eun, Lee, Shinwon, Choe, Kang-Won, Kang, Yu Min, Jee, Sun Ha, Jung, Keum Ji, Park, Hyun-Young, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Young Jin, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Yoon, Kyungheon, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, Rawlik, Konrad, Caulfield, Mark J., Baillie, J. Kenneth, Griffiths, Fiona, Bretherick, Andrew D., Stuckey, Alex, Odhams, Christopher A., Walker, Susan, Russell, Clark D., Malinauskas, Tomas, Wu, Yang, Shen, Xia, Elliott, Katherine S., Morrice, Kirstie, Keating, Sean, Wang, Bo, Rhodes, Daniel, Klaric, Lucija, Zechner, Marie, Parkinson, Nick, Fawkes, Angie, Murphy, Lee, Vitart, Veronique, Wilson, James F., Yang, Jian, Scott, Richard H., Moutsianas, Loukas, Law, Andy, Begg, Colin, Hendry, Sara Clohisey, Hinds, Charles, Horby, Peter, Knight, Julian, Ling, Lowell, Maslove, David, McAuley, Danny, Millar, Johnny, Montgomery, Hugh, Nichol, Alistair, Openshaw, Peter J. M., Ponting, Chris P., Rowan, Kathy, Semple, Malcolm G., Shankar-Hari, Manu, Summers, Charlotte, Walsh, Timothy, Pan, Jacqueline, Grau, Neus, Jones, Tim Owen, Lim, Rosario, Marotti, Martina, Whitton, Christopher, Bociek, Aneta, Campos, Sara, Arbane, Gill, Ostermann, Marlies, Cha, Mina, DAmato, Fabiola, Kosifidou, Eirini, Lorah, Shelley, Morera, Kyma, Brady, Laura, Hugill, Keith, Henning, Jeremy, Bonner, Stephen, Headlam, Evie, Jones, Jessica, List, Abigail, Morley, Joanne, Welford, Amy, Kamangu, Bobette, Ratnakumar, Anitha, Shoremekun, Abiola, Alldis, Zoe, Astin-Chamberlain, Raine, Bibi, Fatima, Biddle, Jack, Blow, Sarah, Bolton, Matthew, Borra, Catherine, Bowles, Ruth, Burton, Maudrian, Choudhury, Yasmin, Cox, Amber, Easthope, Amy, Ebano, Patrizia, Fotiadis, Stavros, Gurasashvili, Jana, Halls, Rosslyn, Hartridge, Pippa, Kallon, Delordson, Kassam, Jamila, Lancoma-Malcolm, Ivone, Matharu, Maninderpal, May, Peter, Mitchelmore, Oliver, Newman, Tabitha, Patel, Mital, Pheby, Jane, Pinzuti, Irene, Prime, Zoe, Prysyazhna, Oleksandra, Shiel, Julian, Taylor, Melanie, Tierney, Carey, Zongo, Olivier, Wood, Suzanne, Zak, Anne, Collier, David, Mundy, Manuela, Thompson, Christopher, Pritchard, Lisa, Gellamucho, Minnie, Cartlidge, David, Bandla, Nageswar, Bailey, Lucy, Davies, Michelle, Delaney, Jane, Scott, Leanne, Abdelrazik, Marwa, Alasdair, Frater, Carter, David, Elhassan, Munzir, Ganesan, Arunkumar, Jenkins, Samuel, Lamond, Zoe, Purohit, Dharam, Rohit, Kumar, Saleem, Malik, Wall, Alanna, Xavier, Kugan, Bakthavatsalam, Dhanalaksmi, Gehad, Kirolos, Gnanapragasam, Pakeerathan, Jain, Kapil, Jain, Swati, Malik, Abdul, Pappachan, Naveen, Moreno-Cuesta, Jeronimo, Haldeos, Anne, Vincent, Rachel, Oziegb, Maryjane, Cavazza, Anna, Cockrell, Maeve, Corcoran, Eleanor, Depante, Maria, Finney, Clare, Jerome, Ellen, Knighton, Abigail, Nayak, Monalisa, Pappa, Evita, Saha, Rohit, Saha, Sian, Dodd, Andrew, O’Reilly, Kevin, McPhail, Mark, Clarey, Emma, Noble, Harriet, Smith, John, Coghlan, Phoebe, Brett, Stephen, Gordon, Anthony, Templeton, Maie, Antcliffe, David, Banach, Dorota, Darnell, Sarah, Fernandez, Ziortza, Jepson, Eleanor, Mohammed, Amal, Rojo, Roceld, Arias, Sonia Sousa, Gurung, Anita Tamang, Wong, Jenny, Fernandez-Roman, Jaime, Hamilton, David O., Johnson, Emily, Johnston, Brian, Martinez, Maria Lopez, Mulla, Suleman, Waite, Alicia A. C., Williams, Karen, Waugh, Victoria, Welters, Ingeborg, Emblem, Jessica, Norris, Maria, Shaw, David, Bashyal, Archana, Beer, Sally, Hutton, Paula, McKechnie, Stuart, Davidson, Neil, Mathew, Soya, Readion, Grace, Ryu, Jung, Wilson, Jean, Agrawal, Shruti, Elston, Kay, Jones, Megan, Meaney, Eoghan, Polgarova, Petra, Elbehery, Muhammad, Daubney, Esther, Ng, Anthony, Marshall, Jocelyn, Pathan, Nazima, Stroud, Katerina, White, Deborah, Andrew, Angela, Ashraf, Saima, Clark, Amy, Dent, Martin, Langley, Margaret, Peters, Cecilia, Ryan, Lucy, Sampson, Julia, Wei, Shuying, Baddeley, Alice, Meredith, Megan, Morris, Lucy, Gibbons, Alexandra, McLoughlin, Lisa, Delgado, Carlos Castro, Clark, Victoria, Dawson, Deborah, Ding, Lijun, Durrant, Georgia, Ezeobu, Obiageri, Harrison, Abiola, Hurt, William James, Kanu, Rebecca, Kinch, Ashley, Leaver, Susannah, Lisboa, Ana, Mathew, Jisha, Patel, Kamal, Saluzzio, Romina Pepermans, Rawlins, John, Samakomva, Tinashe, Shah, Nirav, Sicat, Christine, Texeira, Joana, Queiroz, Joana Gomes De, Gloria, Edna Fernandes Da, Maccacari, Elena, Yun, Nikki, Manna, Soumendu, Farnell-Ward, Sarah, Maizcordoba, Maria, Thanasi, Maria, Ali, Hawakin Haji, Hastings, Janice, Grauslyte, Lina, Hussain, Musarat, Ruge, Bobby, King, Sam, Pogreban, Tatiana, Rosaroso, Lace, Smith, Helen, Phull, Mandeep-Kaur, Adams, Nikkita, Franke, George, George, Aparna, Salciute, Erika, Wong, Joanna, Dunne, Karen, Flower, Luke, Sharland, Emma, Sra, Sukhmani, Andrew, Gillian, Callaghan, Marie, Barclay, Lucy, Marshall, Lucy, Amamio, Maria, Birch, Sophie, Briton, Kate, Clark, Sarah, Doverman, Katerine, Hope, Dave, Mcculloch, Corrienne, Simpson, Scott, Singleton, Jo, Fernandez, Rita, Allen, Meryem, Baptista, David, Crowe, Rebecca, Fox, Jonathan, Khera, Jacyntha, Loveridge, Adam, McKenley, India, Morino, Eriko, Naranjo, Andres, O’Connor, Denise, Simms, Richard, Sollesta, Kathryn, Swain, Andrew, Venkatesh, Harish, Herdman-Grant, Rosie, Joseph, Anna, Nown, Angela, Rose, Steve, Pogson, David, Boxall, Helen, Brimfield, Lutece, Claridge, Helen, Daly, Zoe, George, Shenu, Gribbin, Andrew, Cheema, Yusuf, Cutler, Sean, Richards, Owen, Roynon-Reed, Anna, Cherian, Shiney, Heron, Anne Emma, Williams, Gemma, Szakmany, Tamas, Waters, Abby, Collins, Kim, Dunhill, Jill, Jones, Ffion, Morris, Rebecca, Ship, Lucy, Cardwell, Amy, Ali, Syamlan, Bhatterjee, Ravi, Bolton, Rachel, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Coleman, Dabheoc, Dalziel, Jack, Dykes, Joseph, Fine, Christopher, Gay, Bethan, Goddard, Wendy, Goodchild, Drew, Harling, Rhiannan, Hijazi, Muhammad, Keith, Sarah, Khan, Meherunnisa, Matt, Roseanna, Ryan-Smith, Janet, Saad, Samuel, Springle, Philippa, Thomas, Jacqueline, Truman, Nick, Kazi, Aayesha, Smith, Matthew, Collier, Heather, Davison, Chloe, Duberley, Stephen, Hargreaves, Jeanette, Hartley, Janice, Patel, Tahera, Smith, Ellen, Kent, Alissa, Goodwin, Emma, Zaki, Ahmed, Tibke, Clare, Hopkins, Susan, Gerrard, Hywel, Jackson, Matthew, Bennett, Sara, Marsh, Liane, Mills, Rebecca, Bell, Jessica, Campbell, Helen, Dawson, Angela, Dodds, Steve, Duffy, Stacey, Gallagher, Lisa, McCafferty, Gemma, Short, Stacey, Smith, Tracy, Thomas, Kirsty, Walker, Claire, Reynolds, Jessica, Yates, Bryan, McKie, Hayley, Panteli, Maria, Thompson, Maria, Waddell, Gail, Beger, Sarah De, Abraheem, Azmerelda, Dunmore, Charlie, Girach, Rumanah, Jones, Rhianna, London, Emily, Nagra, Imrun, Nasir, Farah, Sainsbury, Hannah, Smedley, Clare, Brearey, Stephen, Burchett, Caroline, Cawley, Kathryn, Faulkner, Maria, Jeffrey, Helen, Bamford, Peter, Shaikh, Firdaus, Slack, Lauren, Davies, Angela, Brooke, Hollie, Suarez, Jose Cebrian, Charlesworth, Ruth, Hansson, Karen, Norris, John, Poole, Alice, Sandhu, Rajdeep, Smithson, Elizabeth, Thirumaran, Muthu, Wagstaff, Veronica, Buckley, Sarah, Sloan, Brendan, Rose, Alastair, Major, Amy, Metcalfe, Alexandra, Almaden-Boyle, Christine, Austin, Pauline, Chapman, Susan, Eros, Alexandre, Cabrelli, Louise, Cole, Stephen, Whyte, Clare, Casey, Matt, Bafitis, Vasileios, Tsinaslanidis, George, George, Cassandra, Khade, Reena, Black, Christopher, Ashok, Sundar Raj, Farley, Sean, Brinkworth, Elaine, Harford, Rachel, Murphy, Carl, Williams, Marie, Newey, Luke, Toghill, Hannah, Lewis, Sophie, Rees, Tabitha, Battle, Ceri, Baker, Mark, Travers, Jenny, Chesters, Karen, Baxter, Nicola, Arnott, Andrew, McCreath, Gordan, McParland, Christopher, Rooney, Laura, Sim, Malcolm, Henderson, Steven, Abel, Lynn, Dalton, Carol, Kennedy-Hay, Sophie, O’Donohoe, Lynn, O’Hare, Megan, Orlikowska, Izabela, Parker, Natasha, McNeela, Fiona, Lyle, Amanda, Hughes, Alistair, Radhakrishnan, Jayachandran, Gibson, Sian, Bancroft, Hollie, Bellamy, Mary, Daglish, Jacqueline, Kadiri, Salma, Moore, Faye, Rhodes, Joanne, Sangombe, Mirriam, Peterkin, Zhane, Scriven, James, Carmody, Margaret, Cottle, Juliet, Peasgood, Emily, de Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz, Phillips, Claire, Skinner, Denise, Cinquina, Zoe, Howard, Kate, Joy, Rosie, Roche, Samantha, Birkinshaw, Isobel, Carter, Joseph, Ingham, Jo, Marshall, Nicola, Pearson, Harriet, Scott, Zoe, Dasgin, Jo, Gill, Jaspret, Nilsson, Annette, Bamford, Amy, Hull, Diana, Ahmadhaider, Nafeesah, Bates, Michelle, McGhee, Christopher, Ellis, Hannah, Howe, Gwenllian Sera, Singh, Jayaprakash, Stroud, Natalie, Roche, Lisa, Lynch, Ceri, Deacon, Bethan, Pothecary, Carla, Smeaton, Justyna, Agravante, Kevin, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Diaba, Cynthia, John, Lincy, Lim, Lai, Jha, Rajeev, Egan, Jasmine, Felton, Timothy, Glasgow, Susannah, Padden, Grace, Choudhr, Ozerah, Bradley-Potts, Joanne, Moss, Stuart, Lingeswaran, Saejohn, Alexander, Peter, Brandwood, Craig, Fiouni, Sofia, Ward, Luke, Allen, Schvearn, Shaw, Jane, Smith, Christopher, Adanini, Oluronke, Collins, Rebecca, Msiska, Maines, Ofori, Linda, Bhatia, Nikhil, Dolan, Hayley, Brunton, Mark, Caterson, Jess, Coles, Holly, Keating, Liza, Tilney, Emma, Jacques, Nicola, Frise, Matthew, Armistead, Jennifer, Bartley, Shauna, Bhuie, Parminder, Rai, Sabi, Tomkova, Gabriela, Greer, Sandra, Shuker, Karen, Tridente, Ascanio, Dobson, Emma, Hunt, Jodie, Tully, Redmond, Dearden, Joy, Drummond, Andrew, Kamath, Prakash, Bullock, Emily, Mulcahy, Michelle, Munt, Shelia, O’Connor, Grainne, Philbin, Jennifer, Rishton, Chloe, Scott, Chloe, Winnard, Sarah, Hasni, Nurkamalia, Gascoyne, Rachel, Hawes, Joanne, Pritchard, Kelly, Stevenson, Lesley, Whileman, Amanda, Beavis, Sarah, Bishop, Lauren, Cart, Cindy, Dale, Katie, Kelly-Baxter, Mary, Mendelski, Adam, Moakes, Emma, Smith, Rheanna, Woodward, Jan, Wright, Stephanie, Allan, Angela, Botello, Adriana, Liew, Jade, Medhora, Jasmine, Trumper, Erin, Savage, Felicity, Scott, Teresa, Place, Marc, Kaye, Callum, Benyon, Sarah, Marriott, Suzie, Park, Linda, Quinn, Helen, Skyes, Daisy, Zitter, Lily, Baines, Kizzy, Gordon, Elizabeth, Keenan, Samantha, Pitt, Andrew, Duffy, Katharine, Ireland, Jane, Semple, Gary, Turner, Lynne, Cathcart, Susanne, Rimmer, Dominic, Puxty, Alex, Puxty, Kathryn, Hurst, Andrew, Miller, Jennifer, Speirs, Susan, Walker, Lauren, Bradshaw, Zena, Brown, Joanna, Melling, Sarah, Preston, Stephen, Slawson, Nicola, Warden, Scott, Beasley, Alanna, Stoddard, Emma, Benham, Leonie, Cupitt, Jason, Caswell, Melanie, Elawamy, Lisa, Wignall, Ashleigh, Roberts, Belinda, Golding, Hannah, Leggett, Samantha, Male, Michelle, Marani, Martyna, Prager, Kirsty, Williams, Toran, Golder, Kim, Jones, Oliver, Cusack, Rebecca, Bolger, Clare, Burnish, Rachel, Carter, Michael, Jackson, Susan, Salmon, Karen, Biss, Jonathan, Aquino, Maia, Croft, Maria, Frost, Victoria, White, Ian, Govender, Keshnie, Webb, Natasha, Stapleton, Liana, Wells, Colin, Nikitas, Nikitas, Sanchez - Rodriguez, Ana, Spencer, Kayleigh, Stowe, Bethan, Izzard, Yvonne, Poole, Michelle, Monnery, Sonja, Trotman, Sallyanne, Beech, Valerie, Combes, Edward, Joefield, Teishel, Covernton, Patrick, Savage, Sarah, Woodward, Elizabeth, Camsooksai, Julie, Reschreiter, Henrik, Barclay, Charlotte, DeAth, Yasmin, Dube, Judith, Humphrey, Charlotte, Jenkins, Sarah, Langridge, Emma, Milne, Rebecca, Wadams, Beverley, Woolcock, Megan, Brett, Michael, Digby, Brian, Gemmell, Lisa, Hornsby, James, MacGoey, Patrick, O’Neil, Pauline, Price, Richard, Sundaram, Radha, Rodden, Natalie, Thomson, Nicola, Rooney, Kevin, Currie, Susan, Henderson, Philip, Ogg, Bethan, Whiteley, Simon, Wilby, Liz, Long, Kate, Matthew, Shailamma, Salada, Sheila, Trott, Susan, Watts, Sarah, Friar, Zoe, Speight, Abigail, Bastion, Victoria, Chandna, Humza, Djeugam, Brice, Haseeb, Muhammad, Kent, Harriet, Lubimbi, Gamu, Murdoch, Sophie, Thomas, Alastair, David, Beena, Lorusso, Rachel, Vochin, Ana, Penacerrada, Melchizedek, Wulandari, Retno, Heath, Charlotte, Jakkula, Srinivas, Morris, Anna, Ahmed, Ashar, Nune, Arvind, Buttriss, Claire, Whitaker, Emma, Davey, Miriam, Golden, David, Acklery, Amy, Fernandes, Fabio, Seaman, Bec, Earl, Victoria, Collins, Amy, Khaliq, Waqas, Adam, Rachel, Treus, Estefania, Holland, Sarah, Alfonso, Jordan, Blackledge, Bethan, Bruce, Michelle, Durrans, Laura Jayne, Eltayeb, Ayaa, Harris, Jade, Hey, Samuel, Hruska, Martin, Lamb, Thomas, Rothwell, Joanne, Fitzgerald, Adele, Lindergard, Gabriella, T-Michael, Helen, Duncan, Tracey, Baxter-Dore, Sharon, Cooper, Lisa, Fox, Claire, Guerin, Jacinta, Hodgkiss, Tracey, Connolly, Karen, McAlinden, Paul, Bridgett, Victoria, Fearby, Maggie, Gulati, A., Hanson, Helen, Kelly, Sinead, McCormack, Louise, Nixon, Rachel, Robinson, Philip, Slater, Victoria, Stephenson, Elaine, Webster, Andrea, Webster, K., Hays, Carole, Hudson, Anne, Patel, Bijal, Clement, Ian, Davis, John, Francis, Sarah, Jerry, Douglas, Abernathy, Caroline, Foster, Louise, Gratrix, Andrew, Cabral-Ortega, Llucia, Hines, Matthew, Martinson, Victoria, Stones, Elizabeth, Winter, Karen, Barrow, Esther, Wylie, Katharine, Baines, Deborah, Birchall, Katie, Kolakaluri, Laurel, Clark, Richard, Sukumaran, Anila, Barker, Melanie, Paripoorani, Deborah, Smith, Lara, Taylor, Charlotte, Downes, Charlotte, Hayman, Melanie, Riches, Katie, Daniel, Priya, Subramanian, Deepak, Holding, Kathleen, Hilton, Mary, Mcdonald, Carly, Richardson, Georgina, Halladay, Georgia, Harding, Peter, Reddy, Amie, Turner-Bone, Ian, Wilding, Laura, Parker, Robert, Lloyd, Michaela, Smith, Leanne, Kelly, Charlie, Lazo, Maria, Neal, Alan, Walton, Olivia, Melville, Julie, Naisbitt, Jay, Joseph, Rosane, Callam, Sara, Hudig, Lisa, Keshet-Price, Jocelyn, Stammers, Katie, Convery, Karen, Randell, Georgina, Fottrell-gould, Deirdre, Mwaura, Esther, Sutherland, Sara-Beth, Stewart, Richard, Mew, Louise, Wren, Lynn, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Willis, Heather, Hopkins, Bridget, Lenton, Daniel, Roberts, Abigail, Bokhari, Maria, Lucas, Rachael, McCormick, Wendy, Ritzema, Jenny, Linnett, Vanessa, Sanderson, Amanda, Wild, Helen, Flanagan, Rebecca, Hull, Robert, Rhead, Kat, McKenna, Emma, Hughes, Gareth, Anderson, Jennifer, Jones, Kelly, Latham, Scott, Riley, Heather, Coulding, Martina, Clark, Martyn, McCormick, Jacqueline, Mercer, Oliver, Potla, Darsh, Rehman, Hafiz, Savill, Heather, Turner, Victoria, Jude, Edward, Kilroy, Susan, Apetri, Elena, Basikolo, Cathrine, Catlow, Laura, Collis, Matthew, Doonan, Reece, Harvey, Alice, Knowles, Karen, Lee, Stephanie, Lomas, Diane, Lyons, Chloe, McMorrow, Liam, Michael, Angiy, Pendlebury, Jessica, Perez, Jane, Poulaka, Maria, Proudfoot, Nicola, Slevin, Kathryn, Thomas, Vicky, Walker, Danielle, Dark, Paul, Charles, Bethan, McLaughlan, Danielle, Slaughter, Melanie, Horner, Dan, Marsden, Tracy, Andrews, Joyann, Beech, Emily, Akinkugbe, Olugbenga, Bamford, Alasdair, Belfield, Holly, Jones, Gareth A. L., McHugh, Tara, Meghari, Hamza, Ray, Samiran, Tomas, Ana Luisa, O’Neill, Lauran, Peters, Mark, Bell, Michael, Benkenstein, Sarah, Chisholm, Catherine, Davies, Charlene, Kupiec, Klaudia, Payne, Caroline, Halls, Joanna, Blakemore, Hayley, Goff, Elizabeth, Hayes, Kati, Smith, Kerry, Stephens, Deanna, Worner, Ruth, Borislavova, Borislava, Faulkner, Beverley, Thomas, Matt, Cookson, Ruth, Gendall, Emma, Larman, Georgina, Pope, Rebecca, Smalira, Artur, Priestley, Victoria, Cosier, Tracey, Millen, Gemma, Rand, James, Schumacher, Natasha, Sandhar, Roxana, Weston, Heather, Richardson, Neil, Cooper, Lucy, Jones, Cathy, Huang, Ya-Wen Jessica, Jacob, Reni, Denmade, Craig, Mcintyre, Lewis, Trodd, Dawn, Martin, Jane, Watson, Geoff, Bevan, Emily, Wreybrown, Caroline, Bano, Shereen, Bellwood, Ruth, Bentley, Michael, Bromley, Matt, Gurr, Lucy, Ledgard, Camilla, McGowan, Janet, Pye, Kate, Sellick, Kirsten, Stacey, Amelia, Warren, Deborah, Wilkinson, Brian, Akeroyd, Louise, Shafique, Huma, Morgan, James, Shorter, Susan, Swinger, Rachel, Waters, Emily, Lawton, Tom, Allan, Elizabeth, Darlington, Kate, Davies, Ffyon, Davies, Llinos, Easton, Jack, Kumar, Sumit, Lean, Richard, Mackay, Callum, Pugh, Richard, Qiu, Xinyi, Rees, Stephanie, Scanlon, Jeremy, Lewis, Joanne, Menzies, Daniel, Bolger, Annette, Davies, Gwyneth, Davies, Jennifer, Garrod, Esther, Jones, Helen, Manley, Rachel, Williams, Hannah, Frankham, Jordan, Pitts, Sally, White, Nigel, Branney, Debbie, Tiller, Heather, Efford, Georgia, Garland, Zoe, Grimmer, Lisa, Gumbrill, Bethany, Johnson, Rebekah, Sweet, Katie, Bewley, Jeremy, Coleman, Christina, Corcoran, Katie, Morano, Eva Maria Hernandez, Shiel, Rachel, Webster, Denise, Bonnici, Josephine, Daniel, Eleanor, Dell, Abbie, Kent, Melanie, Wilkinson, Ami, Brown, Ellen, Kay, Andrea, Campbell, Suzanne, Cowton, Amanda, Birt, Mark, Greenaway, Vicki, Potts, Kathryn, Hutton, Clare, Shepperson, Andrew, Forsey, Miranda, Nicholson, Alice, Vertue, Mark, Riches, Joanne, Kaliappan, Agilan, Nicholson, Anne, MacCallum, Niall, Raith, Eamon, Bercades, Georgia, Hass, Ingrid, Brealey, David, Martir, Gladys, Reyes, Anna, Smyth, Deborah, Zapatamartinez, Maria, Alvaro, Ana, Jetha, Champa, Ma, Louise, Booker, Lauren, Mostoles, Loreta, Pratley, Anezka, Altabaibeh, Abdelhakim, Parmar, Chetan, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Ferguson, Susie, Shepherd, Amy, Morris, Sheila, Baruah, Rosie, Lloyd, Georgina, Bell, Stephanie, Rivers, Vanessa, Purewal, Bally, Hammerton, Kate, Anderson, Susan, Birch, Janine, Collins, Emma, Oleary, Ryan, Cornell, Sarah, Jarmain, Jordan, Rogerson, Kimberley, Wakinshaw, Fiona, Woods, Lindsey, Rostron, Anthony, Elcioglu, Zeynep, Roy, Alistair, Bell, Gillian, Dickson, Holly, Wilcox, Louise, Katary, Amro, English, Katy, Hutter, Joanne, Pawley, Corinne, Doble, Patricia, Shovelton, Charmaine, Vaida, Marius, Purnell, Rebecca, Thomas, Ashly, Cagova, Lenka, Fofano, Adama, Holcombe, Helen, Mitchell, Alice Michael, Mwaura, Lucy, Praman, KrithivasanÂ, Garnr, Lucie, Mepham, Sue, Paques, Kitty, Vuylsteke, Alain, Mackie, Jennifer, Pearn, Carmen, Zamikula, Julie, Nyirenda, Maggie, Capozzi, Lisa, Reece-Anthony, Rosie, Noor, Hazma, Nilo, Alfa Cresia, Grove, Michelle, Daniel, Amelia, Finn, Joanne, White, Nikki, Saha, Rajnish, Badal, Bibi, Ixer, Karen, Duffin, Donna, Player, Ben, Hill, Helen, Cole, Jade, Brooks, Jenny, Davies, Rhys, Hunt, Lauren, Thomas, Emma, Williams, Angharad, Oblak, Metod, Thankachen, Mini, Irisari, Jamie, Sayan, Amrinder, Popescu, Monica, Finch, Cheryl, Jamieson, Andrew, Quinn, Alison, Cooper, Joshua, Liderth, Sarah, Waddington, Natalia, Burn, Iona, Manso, Katarina, Penn, Ruth, Tebbutt, Julie, Thornton, Danielle, Winchester, James, Hambrook, Geraldine, Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep, Craig, Jayne, Simpson, Kerry, Higham, Andrew, Sibbett, Louise, Paine, Sheila, Reed, Annabel, Conyngham, Jo-Anna, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Thomas, Rachel, Wright, Mary, Griffin, Denise, Partridge, Richard, Corral, Maria Alvarez, Muchenje, Nycola, Sitonik, Mildred, Butler, Aaron, Folkes, Linda, Fox, Heather, Gardner, Amy, Helm, David, Hobden, Gillian, King, Kirsten, Margalef, Jordi, Margarson, Michael, Martindale, Tim, Meadows, Emma, Raynard, Dana, Thirlwall, Yvette, Baird, Yolanda, Gomez, Raquel, Martin, Darren, Hodgson, Luke, Corin, Clinton, Sidall, Erikka, Szabo, Densie, Floyd, Sharon, Davies, Hannah, Austin, Karen, Kelsall, Olivia, Wood, Hannah, Cornell, Thomas, Ralph, Kate, Bean, Sarah, Burt, Karen, Spivey, Michael, Richards, Carol, Tedstone, Rachel, Carmody, Siobhain, Zhao, Xiaobei, Page, Valerie, Guanco, Mark Louie, Hoxha, Elvira, Zorloni, Camilla, Dean, Charlotte, Jones, Emma, Carter, Emma, Dunn, Joshua, Kong, Thomas, Mahenthran, Mervin, Marsh, Chris, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Lyons, Marc, Wassall, Helen, Young, Meghan, Bradley, Paul, Burda, Dorota, Donlon, Sinead, Harden, Lesley, Harris, Celia, Mayangao, Irving, Montaser, Rugia, Mtuwa, Sheila, Piercy, Charles, Smith, Eleanor, Stone, Sarah, Verula, Jerik, Blackman, Helen, Marriott, Cheryl, Michalak, Natalia, Creagh-Brown, Ben, Salberg, Armorel, Boyer, Naomi, Pristopan, Veronika, Maynard, Victoria, Walker, Rachel, Hormis, Anil, Collier, Dawn, Graham, Cheryl, McCormick, Jake, Warrington, Jake, Cosgrove, Denise, McFarland, Denise, Ratcliffe, Judith, Charnock, Rob, Wynter, Inez, Gill, Mandy, Kirk, Jill, Paul, Paul, Ratnam, Valli, Shelton, Sarah, Jardine, Catherine, Hay, Alasdair, Williams, Dewi, Durga, Latha, Hibbert, Meg, Kennard-Holden, Gareth, Woodford, Chrsitopher, Tetla, Dariusz, Price, Alicia, Thomas, Alice, Thorpe, Chris, Knights, Ellen, Ward, Donna, Laha, Shondipon, Verlander, Mark, Williams, Alexandra, Prout, Rachel, Langton, Helen, Watters, Malcolm, Hunt, Charlotte, Novis, Catherine, Arif, Sarwat, Cunningham, Amy, Hewitt, Claire, Hindale, Julia, Jackson-Lawrence, Karen, Shepardson, Sarah, Wills, Maryanne, Butler, Susie, Tavares, Silivia, Barber, Russell, Hilldrith, Annette, Hubbard, Kelly, Egginton, Dawn, Clark, Michele, Purvis, Sarah, Sinclair, Simon, Collins, Vicky, Landeg, Bethan, Sell, Craig, Coetzee, Samantha, Gales, Alistair, Otahal, Igor, Icke, Becky, Raj, Meena, Williams, Caroline, Williams, Jill, Hill, Lucy, Kayani, Abdul, Masunda, Bridgett, Gondo, Prisca, Atayeva, Nigara, Cruz, Carina, Pattison, Natalie, Burnett, Caroline, Hatton, Jonathan, Heeney, Elaine, Newton, Maria, Al-Moasseb, Hassan, Behan, Teresa, Player, Jasmine, Stead, Rachael, Mitra, Atideb, Nauyokas, Kirsty, Humphreys, Sally, Cockerill, Helen, Tampsett, Ruth, Postovalova, Evgeniya, Coventry, Tina, McGregor, Amanda, Fowler, Susan, Macmahon, Mike, Cochrane, Patricia, Pirie, Sandra, Hanley, Sarah, Ali, Asifa, Brady, Megan, Dale, Sam, Dance, Annalisa, Gledhill, Lisa, Greig, Jill, Hanson, Kathryn, Holdroyd, Kelly, Home, Marie, Ishaq, Tahira, Kelly, Diane, Matapure, Lear, Melia, Deborah, Mellor, Samantha, Merwaha, Ekta, Nortcliffe, Tonicha, Shaw, Lisa, Shaw, Ryan, Wood, Tracy, Bayo, Lee-Ann, Usher, Miranda, Wilson, Alison, Kitson, Ross, Pinnell, Jez, Robinson, Matthew, Boltwood, Kaitlin, Birch, Jenny, Bough, Laura, Tutton, Rebecca, Winter-Goodwin, Barbara, Goodsell, Josie, Taylor, Kate, Williams, Patricia, Williams, Sarah, Cave, Ashleigh, Rees, James, Imeson-Wood, Janet, Smith, Jacqueline, Amin, Vishal, Karthik, Komala, Kausar, Rizwana, Anastasescu, Elena, Reid, Karen, Anumakonda, Vikram, Stoddart, Ella, Demetriou, Carrie, Eckbad, Charlotte, Howie, Lucy, Mitchard, Sarah, Ramos, Lidia, White, Katie, Hierons, Sarah, Kelly, Fiona, Serrano-Ruiz, Alfredo, Evans, Gabrielle, Nicol, Liz, Wilkins, Joy, Hulacka, Kim, Debreceni, Gabor, Brown, Alison, Crickmore, Vikki, Hill, Kay, Kannan, Thogulava, Dagutao, Zenaida, Beesley, Kate, Lewis, Alison, Perry, Jess, Antony, Sherly, Board, Sarah, Buckley, Clare, Pippard, Lucy, Tanate, Alfonso, Wood, Diane, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieska, Gouda, Ayman, Auld, Fiona, Donnachie, Joanne, Murdoch, Euan, Prentice, Lynn, Runciman, Nikole, Senaratne, Dhaneesha, Short, Abigail, Sweeney, Laura, Symon, Lesley, Todd, Anne, Turner, Patricia, McCann, Erin, Salutous, Dario, Edmond, Ian, Whitelaw, Lesley, Bland, Yvonne, Kajtor, Istvan, Kavanagh, Lisa, Singler, Karen, Linfield-Brown, George, Moore, Luke Stephen Prockter, Vizcaychipi, Marcela, Martins, Laura, Moore, Luke, Bull, Rhian, Carungcong, Jaime, Allen, Louise, Beranova, Eva, Knight, Alicia, Price, Carly, Tilbey, Sorrell, Turney, Sharon, Hazelton, Tracy, Tutt, Gabriella, Arora, Mansi, Turki, Salah, Sinfield, Emily, Deery, Joanne, Ramos, Hazel, Cristiano, Daniele, Dormand, Natalie, Farzad, Zohreh, Gummadi, Mahitha, Salmi, Sara, Sloane, Geraldine, Varghese, Mathew, Thwaites, Vicky, Patel, Brijesh, Kamal, Liyanage, Zborowski, Anelise Catelan, Coe, Ryan, Anderson, Madeleine, Beadle, Jane, Coates, Charlotte, Collins, Katy, Crowley, Maria, Johnson, Laura, King, Laura, Paramsothy, Remi, Sargeant, Janet, Silva, Pedro, Stuart, Carmel, Taylor, June, Tyl, David, Wakefield, Phillipa, Kamundi, Charlotte, Olufuwa, Olumide, Belagodu, Zakaulla, Gherman, Anca, Oakley, Naomi, Allan, John, Geary, Tim, Meikle, Alistair, O’Brien, Peter, Wood, Stephen, Clark, Andrew, Houston, Gordon, Black, Karen, Clarkson, Michelle, D’Sylva, Stuart, Morrison, Alan, Norman, Kathryn, Taylor, Margaret, Clements, Suzanne, Cohrane, Catriona, Gonzalez, Nora, Strachan, Dominic, Beith, Claire, Moar, Kirsten, Anderson, Peter, Archer, Katie, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Clayton, Sarah, Cother, Naiara, Cowley, Nicholas, Davis, Caroline, Digby, Stephen, Durie, Alison, Harrison, Alison, Low, Emma, McAlindon, Michael, McCurdy, Alex, Morgan, Aled, Rankin, Tobias, Thrush, Jessica, Tranter, Helen, Vigurs, Charlie, Wild, Laura, Murphy, Lorna, Smythe, Michelle, Brickell, Kathy, Ali, Inthakab Ali Mohamed, Beaumont, Karen, Elsaadany, Mohamed, Fernandes, Kay, Ally, Sameena Mohamed, Rangarajan, Harini, Sarathy, Varun, Selvanayagam, Sivarupan, Vedage, Dave, White, Matthew, Coton, Zoe, Joshy, Aricsa, Blunt, Mark, Curgenven, Hollie, Botfield, Liam, Dexter, Catherine, Kuravi, Aditya, Butler, Joanne, Chadwick, Robert, Ranga, Poonam, Richardson, Lisa, Virgilio, Emma, Anwer, Maddiha, Garg, Atul, Botfield, Donna, Marriott, Xana, Stewart, Keely, Mullan, Dee, Gaylard, Jane, Nowak, Justyna, Jones, Sian, Crawley, Rikki, Crew, Abigail, Cunningham, Mishell, Daniels, Allison, Harrison, Laura, Hope, Susan, Lancaster, Nicola, Matthews, Jamie, Wray, Gemma, Inweregbu, Ken, Cutts, Sarah, Miller, Katharine, Brady, Ailbhe, Chan, Rebekah, McIvor, Shane, Prady, Helena, Mathew, Bijoy, Little, Jeff, Furniss, Tim, Wright, Chris, King, Bernadette, Wasson, Christopher, O’Neill, Aisling, Turley, Christine, McGuigan, Peter, Collins, Erin, Finn, Stephanie, Green, Jackie, McAuley, Julie, Nair, Abitha, Quinn, Charlotte, Tauro, Suzanne, Ward, Kathryn, McGinlay, Michael, Reddy, Kiran, Ahmad, Norfaizan, Anderson, Samantha, Barker, Joann, Bauchmuller, Kris, Birchall, Kathryn, Bird, Sarah, Cawthron, Kay, Chetam, Luke, Cole, Joby, Donne, Ben, Foote, David, Ford, Amber, Hanratty, Helena, Harrington, Kate, Hesseldon, Lisa, Housley, Kay, Jackson, Yvonne, Jarman, Claire, Kibutu, Faith, Lenagh, Becky, Macharia, Irene, Masuko, Shamiso, Milner, Leanne, Newell, Helen, Nwafor, Lorenza, Oxspring, Simon, Phillips, Patrick, Raithatha, Ajay, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Smith, Jacqui, Thompson, Roger, Trower, Helen, Walker, Sara, Watson, James, Wiles, Matthew, Lye, Alison, Willson, Jayne, Mills, Gary, Harris, Sansha, Hartill, Eleanor, Barron, Anthony, Collins, Ciara, Kaul, Sundeep, Nolan, Claire, Polgar, Oliver, Prendergast, Claire, Rogers, Paula, Shokkar, Rajvinder, Woodruff, Meriel, Mahay, Kanta, Reed, Anna, Meyrick, Hayley, Passmore, Heather, Farwell, James, O’Connell, Susan, Gregory, Jane, Barberis, Luigi, Harper, Rosemary, Smith, Tim, Armstrong, Diane, Bowey, Angie, Cowley, Anne, Corner, Andrew, Highgate, Judith, Rutherfurd, Claire, Taylor, Jo-Anne, Goodwin, Sarah, Eapen, Beena, Trim, Fiona, Donnison, Phil, Armstrong, Lisa, Bates, Hayley, Dooks, Emma, Farquhar, Fiona, Kitching, Amy, McParland, Chantal, Packham, Sophie, Hairsine, Brigid, Andreou, Premetie, Hales, Dawn, Mathews, Megha, Patel, Rekha, Barry, Peter, Flint, Neil, Hailstone, Jessica, Ghuman, Navneet, Leonard, Bethany, Lees, Rachel, Butcher, Deborah, Leng, Katy, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, O’Sullivan, Susie, Ghosh, Alison, Williams, Emma, Adams, Colene, Agasou, Anita, Arden, Tracie, Beekes, Mandy, Bowes, Amy, Boyle, Pauline, Button, Heather, Carnahan, Mandy, Carter, Anne, Childs, Danielle, Hurford, Fran, Hussain, Yasmin, Javaid, Ayesha, Jones, James, Leigh, Michael, Martin, Terry, Millward, Helen, Motherwell, Nichola, Newman, Julie, Rikunenko, Rachel, Stickley, Jo, Summers, Julie, Ting, Louise, Tivenan, Helen, Donaldson, Denise, Capps, Nigel, Cale, Emily, Jose, Sanal, Osbourne, Wendy, Pajak, Susie, Rankin, Jayne, Tonks, Louise, Baird, Tracy, Harkins, Margaret, Ruddy, Jim, West, Joe, Duffield, Joseph, Mallon, Lewis, Smith, Oliver, Smuts, Sara, Campbell, Andy, Davies, Cate, Davies, Sarah, Hughes, Rachel, Jobes, Lisa, Whitehead, Victoria, Watkins, Clare, Bowman, Fiona, Milligan, Barry, McPherson, Liane, Metherell, Stella, Harris, Nichola, Lake, Victoria, Radford, Elizabeth, Smallwood, Andy, Gopal, Shameer, Vassell, Katherine, Bell, Dina, Boyle, Rosalind, Douglas, Katie, Glass, Lynn, Lennon, Liz, Rattray, Austin, Lee, Emma, Jones, Danielle, Parsons, Penny, Attwood, Ben, Jefferson, Paul, Ranganathan, Mohan, Atwal, Inderjit, Campbell, Bridget, Day, Angela, Stagg, Camilla, Haynes, Emma, Ahmed, Cecilia, Clamp, Sarah, Colley, Julie, Haq, Risna, Hayes, Anne, Joseph, Sibet, Maqsood, Zahira, Hussain, Samia, Hulme, Jonathan, Domingos, Patience, Kumar, Rita, Purewal, Manjit, Taylor, Becky, Bunni, Lara, Latif, Monica, Jennings, Claire, Jose, Shilu, Marshall, Rebecca, Metryka, Aleksandra, Subramanian, Gayathri, Burgoyne, Adam, Tyler, Amanda, Waldron, Joanne, Hilltout, Paula, Evitts, Jayne, Ward, Geraldine, Bremmer, Pamela, Hawkins, Carl, Jackman, Sophie, Ogorek, Michal, Ashby, Kylie, Thornton, Lorraine, Mercer, Pauline, Halkes, Matthew, Revill, Adam, Saint, Bryony, Fletcher, Jo, Netherton, Kimberley, Chablani, Manish, Kirkby, Amy, Roper, Amanda, Szymiczek, Kinga, Sutherland, Isobel, O’Brien, Linda, Connell, Joanne, Davies, Kim, Lewis, Tracy, Omar, Zohra, Perkins, Emma, Sathe, Sonia, Davies, Ellie, Lyon, Alex, Mapfunde, Isheunesu, Willis, Charlotte, Hitchcock, Rachael, Hall, Kathryn, King, Christopher, Fagan, Andrew, Nazari, Roonak, Worsley, Lucy, Allibone, Suzanne, Kasipandian, Vidya, Patel, Amit, Cutting, Parisa, Genetu, Roman, Mac, Ainhi, Murphy, Anthony, Ward, Sinead, Butt, Fatima, Ayers, Amanda, Harrison, Wendy, Mackintosh, Katherine, North, Julie, Ashton, Lydia, Bi, Rehana, Owen, Samantha, Winmill, Helen, Scholefield, Barney, Blowing, Hannah, Williams, Erin, Duskova, Michaela, Edwards, Michelle, Rees, Alun, Thomas, Helen, Brooks, Jolene, Phipps, Janet, Brooks, Suzanne, Dennis, Catherine, Parris, Vicki, Srikaran, Sinduya, Sukha, Anisha, McGregor, Alistair, Tiongson, Gerlynn, Adams, Katie, Andrew, Benedict, Brayne, Adam, Carter, Sasha, Findlay, Louise, Fisher, Emma, Jackson, Peter, Kaye, Duncan, Parkin, Juliet, Tuckey, Victoria, Hunt, Jane, Love, Nicholas, van Koutrick, Lynne, Hanson, Ashley, Dent, Kathy, Horsley, Elizabeth, Pearson, Sandra, Spencer, Sue, Hutchinson, Dorothy, Potoczna, Dorota, Akhtar, Muhammad Nauman, Cottam, Lisa-Jayne, Sanders, Jack, Garcia, Sara Mingo, pakou, Glykeria, Filipe, Helder, Maharajh, Amitaa, de Neef, Mark, Martin, Daniel, Eastgate, Christine, Teoh, Poh Choo, Barrett, Fiona, Bradley, Clare, Donaldson, Avril, Mascarenhas, Mairi, O’Hara, Marianne, Okeefe, Laura, Clarke, Noreen, Whiteside, Jonathan, Campbell, Rachael, Matheson, Joanna, McDonald, Deborah, Patience, Donna, Rice, Polly, Clapham, Melanie, Mutch, Rachel, Craig, Hannah, Poultney, Una, Burns, Karen, Twiss, Sophie, Barton, Janet, George, Linsha, Harrop, Clare, Mathew, Sherly, Wright, David Justin, Harrison, Rachel, Toohie, Jordan, Chandler, Ben, Turnbull, Alison, Mallinson, Janine, Elliott, Kerry, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Tench, Helen, Hobrok, Maria, Loosley, Ronda, McGuinness, Heather, Sims, Tanya, Afolabi, Deborah, Allison, Kathryn Sian, Anderson, Taya, Dore, Rachael, Jones, Dawn, Rogers, Naomi, Saunderson, Paula, Whitbread, Jennifer, O’Malley, Laura, Rad, Laura, Hawcutt, Daniel, Aldridge, Jonathan, Tolson, Melanie, Garrioch, Sweyn, Tomlinson, Joanne, Grosdenier, Michael, Loader, David, Kapoor, Ritoo, Hector, Gemma, Scherewode, Joslan, Sri-Chandana, Chunda, Stephenson, Lorraine, Marsh, Sarah, Rosa, Arnold Dela, Jhanji, Shaman, Bemand, Thomas, Howle, Ryan, Baikady, Ravishankar Rao, Thomas, Benjamin, Black, Ethel, Tatham, Kate, Gurram, Sambasivarao, Watson, Ekaterina, Quaid, Sheena, Saunderson, Anne, O’Brien, Rachel, Moultrie, Sam, Service, Jen, Cheyne, Clare, Odam, Miranda, Wiliams, Alison, Barnes, Nicky, Csabi, Peter, Rocha, Joana Da, Glynou, Louika, Huffenberger, Amy, Bryant, Jade, Pickard, Amy, Roe, Nicholas, Bellini, Arianna, Mayer, Anton, Burrow, Amy, Colley, Natalie, Evans, Jayne, Howlett, Alex, Khalifeh, Zeinab, Pryce, Jerldine, Gorman, Claire, Brady, Rebecca, Timlick, Elizabeth, Antoine, Pierre, Gupta, Abhinhav, Hardy, John, Houlden, Henry, Moncur, Eleanor, Tucci, Arianna, Tariq, Ambreen, Tagliavini, Emma, Ramsay, Becky, Fidler, Katy, Donnelly, Kevin, Hollis, Rebecca, Barr, Jocelyn, Boyd, Elizabeth, Irvine, Val, Shelley, Ben, Buckley, Julie, Hamilton, Charlene, Valdeavella, Kathryn, Bircham, Sarah, Liggett, Steven, Patil, Anand, Siddiq, Afshan, Goddard, Peter, Donovan, Sally, Zainy, Tala, Maleady-Crowe, Fiona, Todd, Linda, Salehi, Shahla, Elgar, Greg, Chan, Georgia, Arumugam, Prabhu, Patch, Christine, Rendon, Augusto, Bentley, David, Kingsley, Clare, Fowler, Tom A., Elliott, Paul, Tenesa, Albert, Aitkin, Emma, Aravindan, Latha, Armstrong, Ruth, Biggs, Heather, Boz, Ceilia, Brown, Adam, Chikowore, Primmy, Coutts, Audrey, Coyle, Judy, Cullum, Louise, Das, Sukamal, Day, Nicky, Donnelly, Lorna, Duncan, Esther, Finernan, Paul, Fourman, Max Head, Furlong, Anita, Furniss, James, Gallagher, Bernadette, Gilchrist, Tammy, Golightly, Ailsa, Hafezi, Katarzyna, Hamilton, Debbie, Hendry, Ross, Kearns, Naomi, Law, Dawn, Law, Rachel, Law, Sarah, Lidstone-Scott, Rebecca, Lauder, Christen, Macgillivray, Louise, Maclean, Alan, Mal, Hanning, McCafferty, Sarah, Mcmaster, Ellie, Meikle, Jen, Moore, Shona C., Murphy, Sheena, Mybaya, Hellen, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Zheng, Chenqing, Chen, Jiantao, Paterson, Trevor, Tucker, Petra, Schon, Katherine, Stenhouse, Andrew, Das, Mihaela, Swets, Maaike, Szoor-McElhinney, Helen, Taneski, Filip, Turtle, Lance, Wackett, Tony, Ward, Mairi, Weaver, Jane, Wrobel, Nicola, Rakitko, Alexander, Ilinsky, Valery, Yermakovich, Danat, Popov, Iaroslav, Chernitsov, Alexander, Kovalenko, Elena, Vergasova, Ekaterina, Prokhorov, Alexandr, Krasnenko, Anna, Plotnikov, Nikolay, Stetsenko, Ivan, Kim, Anna, Cirulli, Elizabeth T., Schiabor Barrett, Kelly M., Bolze, Alexandre, White, Simon, Washington, Nicole L., Lu, James T., Riffle, Stephen, Tanudjaja, Francisco, Wang, Xueqing, Ramirez, Jimmy M., Leonetti, Nicole, Sandoval, Efren, Neveux, Iva, Dabe, Shaun, Grzymski, Joseph J., Joshi, Madhvi N., Dixit, Raghav D., Shah, Pranay K., Upadhyay, Kamlesh J., Chuhan, Naresh T., Desai, Kairavi J., Shah, Meenakshi R., Modi, Bhavesh, Joshi, Chaitanya G., Pandit, Ramesh J., Singh, Indra, Ansari, Afzal I., Raval, Janvi N., Patel, Zarna Z., Moreno-Estrada, Andres, Vázquez-Pérez, Joel Armando, Castillejos-López, Manuel, Aquino-Gálvez, Arnoldo, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Ávila-Arcos, María C., Luna, María Teresa Tusié, Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo, Barberena-Jonas, Carmina, Quinto-Cortés, Consuelo D., Ávila-Arcos, Marco Antonio, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, García-García, Lourdes, Barnetche, Jesús Martinez, Alpuche-Aranda, Celia, Rivera, Juan A., Gutiérrez, Tonatiuh Barrientos, Ochoa-Guzmán, Ana, Ordoñez-Sánchez, Maria Luisa, Segura-Kato, Yayoi, Herrera-Montalvo, Luis Alonso, Mendoza-Vargas, Alfredo, Reyes-Grajeda, Juan Pablo, Cruz-Cruz, Alonso D., Velázquez-Cruz, Rafael, Torres-Espíndola, Luz María, Sierra-Vargas, Martha Patricia, Camarena, Angel, Ruiz, Víctor, Chávez-Alderete, Jaime, Jaime-Capetillo, María Esther, Guadarrama-Pérez, Cristóbal, Zúñiga-Ramos, Joaquin, Olivera-Ramírez, Alejandra, Martínez, Miguel Angel López, Serna-Muñoz, Ricardo, Garmendia, Adriana, Namkoong, Ho, Okada, Yukinori, Imoto, Seiya, Katayama, Kazuhiko, Fukunaga, Koichi, Kitagawa, Yuko, Sato, Toshiro, Hasegawa, Naoki, Kumanogoh, Atsushi, Kimura, Akinori, Ai, Masumi, Tokunaga, Katsushi, Kanai, Takanori, Miyano, Satoru, Ogawa, Seishi, Edahiro, Ryuya, Sonehara, Kyuto, Shirai, Yuya, Ishii, Makoto, Kabata, Hiroki, Masaki, Katsunori, Kamata, Hirofumi, Ikemura, Shinnosuke, Chubachi, Shotaro, Okamori, Satoshi, Terai, Hideki, Tanaka, Hiromu, Morita, Atsuho, Lee, Ho, Asakura, Takanori, Sasaki, Junichi, Morisaki, Hiroshi, Uwamino, Yoshifumi, Nanki, Kosaku, Mikami, Yohei, Tomono, Kazunori, Kato, Kazuto, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Takahashi, Meiko, Hizawa, 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Yoshinori, Mutoh, Yoshikazu, Yoshiyama, Takashi, Shoko, Tomohisa, Kojima, Mitsuaki, Adachi, Tomohiro, Ishikawa, Motonao, Takahashi, Kenichiro, Watanabe, Kazuyoshi, Manabe, Tadashi, Ito, Fumimaro, Fukui, Takahiro, Funatsu, Yohei, Koh, Hidefumi, Hirai, Yoshihiro, Kawashima, Hidetoshi, Narita, Atsuya, Niwa, Kazuki, Sekikawa, Yoshiyuki, Saito, Fukuki, Yoshiya, Kazuhisa, Yoshihara, Tomoyuki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Nakayama, Sohei, Masuzawa, Keita, Nishi, Koichi, Nishitsuji, Masaru, Tani, Maiko, Inoue, Takashi, Hirano, Toshiyuki, Kobayashi, Keigo, Miyazawa, Naoki, Kimura, Yasuhiro, Sado, Reiko, Ogura, Takashi, Kitamura, Hideya, Murohashi, Kota, Nakachi, Ichiro, Baba, Rie, Arai, Daisuke, Fuke, Satoshi, Saito, Hiroshi, Kuwahara, Naota, Fujiwara, Akiko, Okada, Takenori, Baba, Tomoya, Noda, Junya, Mashimo, Shuko, Yagi, Kazuma, Shiomi, Tetsuya, Hashiguchi, Mizuha, Odani, Toshio, Mochimaru, Takao, Oyamada, Yoshitaka, Mori, Nobuaki, Izumi, Namiki, Nagata, Kaoru, Taki, Reiko, Murakami, Koji, Yamada, Mitsuhiro, Sugiura, Hisatoshi, Hayashi, Kentaro, Shimizu, Tetsuo, Gon, Yasuhiro, Fujitani, Shigeki, Tsuchida, Tomoya, Yoshida, Toru, Kagaya, Takashi, Kita, Toshiyuki, Sakagami, Satoru, Kimizuka, Yoshifumi, Kawana, Akihiko, Nakamura, Yoshihiko, Ishikura, Hiroyasu, Takata, Tohru, Kikuchi, Takahide, Taniyama, Daisuke, Nakamura, Morio, Kodama, Nobuhiro, Kaneyama, Yasunari, Maeda, Shunsuke, Nagasaki, Yoji, Okamoto, Masaki, Ishihara, Sayoko, Ito, Akihiro, Chihara, Yusuke, Takeuchi, Mayumi, Onoi, Keisuke, Hashimoto, Naozumi, Wakahara, Keiko, Ando, Akira, Masuda, Makoto, Wakabayashi, Aya, Watanabe, Hiroki, Sageshima, Hisako, Nakada, Taka-Aki, Abe, Ryuzo, Shimada, Tadanaga, Kawamura, Kodai, Ichikado, Kazuya, Nishiyama, Kenta, Yamasaki, Masaki, Hashimoto, Satoru, Kusaka, Yu, Ohba, Takehiko, Isogai, Susumu, Takada, Minoru, Kanda, Hidenori, Komase, Yuko, Sano, Fumiaki, Asano, Koichiro, Oguma, Tsuyoshi, Harada, Masahiro, Takahashi, Takeshi, Shibusawa, Takayuki, Abe, Shinji, Kono, Yuta, Togashi, Yuki, Izumo, Takehiro, Inomata, Minoru, Awano, Nobuyasu, Ogawa, Shinichi, Ogata, Tomouki, Ishihara, Shoichiro, Kanehiro, Arihiko, Ozaki, Shinji, Fuchimoto, Yasuko, Kitagawa, Yuichiro, Yoshida, Shozo, Ogura, Shinji, Nishiyama, Kei, Yoshida, Kousuke, Beppu, Satoru, Fukuyama, Satoru, Eriguchi, Yoshihiro, Yonekawa, Akiko, Inoue, Yoshiaki, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Chiba, Shigeru, Narumoto, Osamu, Nagai, Hideaki, Ooshima, Nobuharu, Motegi, Mitsuru, Sagara, Hironori, Tanaka, Akihiko, Ohta, Shin, Shibata, Yoko, Tanino, Yoshinori, Sato, Yuki, Yamada, Yuichiro, Hashino, Takuya, Shinoki, Masato, Iwagoe, Hajime, Imamura, Tomonori, Umeda, Akira, Shimada, Hisato, Endo, Mayu, Hayashi, Shinichi, Takahashi, Mai, Nakano, Shigefumi, Yatomi, Masakiyo, Maeno, Toshitaka, Ishii, Tomoo, Utsugi, Mitsuyoshi, Ono, Akihiro, Kanaoka, Kensuke, Ihara, Shoichi, Komuta, Kiyoshi, Nishida, Nao, Kawai, Yosuke, Sugiyama, Masaya, Alawneh, Laith M., Maswadeh, Kinda B., Alsoub, Fatima S., AlRawashdeh, Tala J., Esawi, Ezaldeen, Abu Alragheb, Bayan O., Maswadeh, Ahmad B., Al-Kadash, Abdulfattah, Al-Ani, Abdallah, Alsafadi, Dana B., Shahin, Mohammad A., Qtaish, Nuseibah Al, Alawneh, Fade M., Abulail, Joseph A., Zhlawi, Hadi J., Alhousani, Tasneem N., Alzuraiqi, Mohammad R., Al-Ja’afreh, Mohammad M., Allouzy, Sara K., ALjalamdeh, Mothafer, Mansour, Tareq M., Alamer, Lina M., Issa, Ali Banni, Bani younis, Fatima M., Hawari, Feras I., Hayajneh, Wail A., Obeidat, Nathir M., Ahram, Mamoun, Zhlawi, Moh’d Wahib J., Alshaer, Walhan, Al-Kasasbeh, Malak M., Naffa, Randa G., Ismail, Mohammad A., Abdullah, Mohammed S., Ismail, Said I., Obeidat, Ma’en, Hernández Cordero, Ana I., Sin, Don D., Bossé, Yohan, Joubert, Philippe, Hao, Ke, Nickle, David, Timens, Wim, van den Berge, Maarten, Feng, Yen-Chen Anne, Mercader, Josep, Weiss, Scott T., Karlson, Elizabeth W., Smoller, Jordan W., Murphy, Shawn N., Meigs, James B., Woolley, Ann E., Green, Robert C., Mandla, Ravi, Schroeder, Philip, Perez, Emma F., Lee, Seung Hyuk T., Flores-Silva, Fernando Daniel, Chiquete, Erwin, Cantú-Brito, Carlos, Sifuentes-Osornio, José, de León-Garduño, Alfredo Ponce, Román-Montes, Carla Marina, Chávez-Manzanera, Emma, Velasco, Donaji Gómez, Martagón-Rosado, Alexandro, Cruz-Bautista, Ivette, Gómez-Pérez, Francisco Javier, Díaz-Olavarrieta, Claudia, Valdés, Paloma Almeda, Muñóz-Hernández, Linda Liliana, Mehta, Roopa Pravin, Elías-López, Daniel, Tusié-Luna, Teresa, Pajukanta, Päivi, Sukhatme, Mihir G., Moreno-Macías, Hortensia, Ruth, Johnson, González-Behn-Eschenburg, Sebastián, García-Grimshaw, Miguel, Guillen-Pineda, Luz Elizabeth, de los Ángeles Vargas-Martínez, María, Rodríguez, Maribel, Rodríguez-Guillén, Rosario, Ordoñez, María Luisa, Rajme-López, Sandra, González-Lara, María Fernanda, Luna-Moreno, Dalia, de Jesús Suárez López, Jannet, Guillén-Quintero, Daniela Mariel, Vega, Juan, Duran-Coyote, Salvador, Guerra-García, María Teresa, Durán-Gómez, Michelle, Vigueras-Hernández, Alma, Ramírez-Jiménez, Marco Eduardo, Grajeda-González, Samara Lissete, Ramos-Galicia, Enrique Manuel, Ramírez-Carrillo, Martha Fernanda, Fernandez-Ruiz, Juan, Chirino-Pérez, Amanda, Romero-Molina, Ángel Omar, Zavaleta, David Alejandro Fuentes, Jaramillo, María Andrea Mac Donald, López, Katia Jarely Prieto, Incontri-Abraham, Diego, Rosado, Wendy Natalia, Catalán, María Alonso, Aguilar, Sonia Evelyn Vital, Zamudio, Ileana Paola Montero, Ruíz-Ruíz, Eduardo, de Jesús Carrera García, Kevin, Guerrero, Cristina Villarreal, Martínez, Ana Isabel Rodríguez, Moscoso-Sánchez, Rogelio, del Consuelo Rodríguez Mancilla, María, Villa, Antonio, Luna-Ramírez, Samuel Alejandro, Hernández-Hernández, Sergio, Frias, Erika, Campos, Alejandro, Morales-Sosa, Paola Alessandra, Toxqui-Merchant, Luis Enrique, García, Karla, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Butte, Manish J., Geschwind, Daniel H., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Heidecker, Bettina, Kurth, Florian, Sander, Leif E., Skurk, Carsten, Landmesser, Ulf, Karadeniz, Zehra, Wang, Xiaomin, Poller, Wolfgang, Suwalski, Phillip, Ripke, Stephan, Braun, Alice, Kraft, Julia, Mayer, Alena, Lippert, Lena J., Helbig, Elisa T., Thibeault, Charlotte, Awasthi, Swapnil, Mbarek, Hamdi, Saad, Chadi, Al-Sarraj, Yaser, Badji, Radja Messai, Al-Muftah, Wadha, Thani, Asma Al, Afifi, Nahla, Sadiq, Fouzia, Khan, Mohammad I., Bhutta, Muhammad J., Khan, Hania, Khan, Madeeha, Ain, Quratul, Junaid, Ayesha, Khan, Ejaz A., Sypniewski, Mateusz, Lejman, Adrian, Zawadzki, Paweł, Sztromwasser, Paweł, Król, Zbigniew, Dobosz, Paula, Stojak, Joanna, Flores, Carlos, Carracedo, Ángel, Aguilar, Carlos, Arranz, María J., Baptista-Rosas, Raúl C., Bezerra, Joao F., Bezerra, Marcos A. C., Brugada, Ramón, Bustos, Matilde, Castano, Luis, Conde-Vicente, Rosa, Cordero-Lorenzana, M. Lourdes, De Martino-Rodríguez, Alba, Domínguez-Garrido, Elena, Fariñas, María Carmen, Gil-Fournier, Belén, Herrero, María José, Lattig, María Claudia, Martín-López, Caridad, Martín, Vicente, Martinez-Nieto, Oscar, Martinez-Lopez, Iciar, Mazzeu, Juliana F., Macías, Eleuterio Merayo, Cuerda, Victor Moreno, Silbiger, Vivian N., Oliveira, Silviene F., Parellada, Mara, Santos, Ney P. C., Pérez-Matute, Patricia, Perez, Patricia, Perucho, Teresa, Porras-Hurtado, Gloria L., Pujol, Aurora, Fernández-Rodríguez, Amanda, Jimenez-Sousa, María A., Rodríguez-Ruiz, Emilio, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Garcia, José A., Ruiz-Cabello, Francisco, Soria, José Manuel, Tamayo, Eduardo, Teper, Alejandro, Torres-Tobar, Lilian, Urioste, Miguel, Yáñez, Zuleima, Zarate, Ruth, Guillen-Navarro, Encarna, Ayuso, Carmen, González-Neira, Anna, Riancho, José A., Rojas-Martinez, Augusto, Lapunzina, Pablo, Cruz, Raquel, Diz-de Almeida, Silvia, Ceballos, Francisco C., Lorenzo-Salazar, José M., González-Montelongo, Rafaela, Quintela, Inés, Pita, Guillermo, Gago-Domínguez, Manuela, Porras, Marta Sevilla, Tenorio-Castaño, Jair Antonio, Nevado, Julian, Aguado, Jose María, Aguilera-Albesa, Sergio, Almadana, Virginia, Almoguera, Berta, Alvarez, Nuria, Andreu-Bernabeu, Álvaro, Arango, Celso, Artiga, Maria-Jesus, Barreda-Sánchez, María, Belhassen-Garcia, Moncef, Boix-Palop, Lucía, Brion, María, Carbonell, Cristina, Castelao, Jose E., Cortes-Sanchez, Jose L., Corton, Marta, Darnaude, M. Teresa, del Campo-Pérez, Victor, de Bustamante, Aranzazu Diaz, Luchessi, Andre D., Eiros, Rocío, Sanabria, Gladys Mercedes Estigarribia, Fernández-Robelo, Uxía, Fernández-Villa, Tania, Gómez-Arrue, Javier, Álvarez, Beatriz González, de Quirós, Fernan Gonzalez Bernaldo, González-Peñas, Javier, Gutiérrez-Bautista, Juan F., Herrero-Gonzalez, Antonio, Borja, Anabel Liger, Lopez-Rodriguez, Rosario, Mancebo, Esther, Martinez-Resendez, Michel F., Martinez-Perez, Angel, Minguez, Pablo, Ortega-Paino, Eva, Paz-Artal, Estela, Pérez-Tomás, M. Elena, Pinsach-Abuin, Mel·lina, Pompa-Mera, Ericka N., León, Soraya Ramiro, Resino, Salvador, Fernandes, Marianne R., Ruiz-Hornillos, Javier, Ryan, Pablo, Souto, Juan Carlos, Tamayo-Velasco, Alvaro, Taracido-Fernandez, Juan Carlos, Valencia-Ramos, Juan, de Heredia, Miguel López, Pedersen, Ole B., Erikstrup, Christian, Ostrowski, Sisse R., Stefansson, Kari, Mikkelsen, Susan, Sørensen, Erik, Burgos, Celia, Andersen, Steffen, Brugdorf, Kristoffer, Hansen, Thomas F., Hjalgrim, Henrik, Jemec, Gregor B., Nyegaard, Mette, Werge, Thomas, Johansson, Pär I., Didriksen, Maria, Schwinn, Michael, Jacobsen, Rikke L., Hindhede, Lotte, Rostgaard, Klaus, Gudbjartsson, Daniel, Stefánsson, Hreinn, Þorsteinsdóttir, Unnur, Nielsen, Kaspar R., Bruun, Mie Topholm, Dinh, Khoa M., Larsen, Margit A. H., Sækmose, Susanne G., Zeberg, Hugo, Nkambul, Lindo, Frithiof, Robert, Hultström, Michael, Lipcsey, Miklos, Tardif, Nicolas, Rooyackers, Olav, Grip, Jonathan, Maricic, Tomislav, Heid, Iris M., Wagner, Ralf, Überla, Klaus, Winkler, Thomas W., Wiegrebe, Simon, Gorski, Mathias, Stark, Klaus J., Peterhoff, David, Einhauser, Sebastian, Niller, Hans-Helmut, Beileke, Stephanie, Johnson, Ruth, Freimer, Nelson, Ding, Yi, Chiu, Alec, Chang, Timothy S., Boutros, Paul, Karczewski, Konrad J., Martin, Alicia R., Wilson, Daniel J., Spencer, Chris C. A., Crook, Derrick W., Wyllie, David H., O’Connell, Anne Marie, Atkinson, Elizabeth G., Tsuo, Kristin, Baya, Nikolas, Turley, Patrick, Gupta, Rahul, Walters, Raymond K., Palmer, Duncan S., Sarma, Gopal, Solomonson, Matthew, Cheng, Nathan, Lu, Wenhan, Churchhouse, Claire, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., King, Daniel, Zhou, Wei, Seed, Cotton, Daly, Mark J., Finucane, Hilary, Bryant, Sam, Satterstrom, F. Kyle, Band, Gavin, Earle, Sarah G., Lin, Shang-Kuan, Arning, Nicolas, Koelling, Nils, Armstrong, Jacob, Rudkin, Justine K., Callier, Shawneequa, Cusick, Caroline, Fernandez-Cadenas, Israel, Planas, Anna M., Perez-Tur, Jordi, Llucià-Carol, Laia, Cullell, Natalia, Muiño, Elena, Cárcel-Márquez, Jara, DeDiego, Marta L., Iglesias, Lara Lloret, Soriano, Alex, Rico, Veronica, Agüero, Daiana, Bedini, Josep L., Lozano, Francisco, Domingo, Carlos, Robles, Veronica, Ruiz-Jaén, Francisca, Márquez, Leonardo, Gomez, Juan, Coto, Eliecer, Albaiceta, Guillermo M., García-Clemente, Marta, Dalmau, David, Arranz, Maria J., Dietl, Beatriz, Serra-Llovich, Alex, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Colobran, Roger, Martin-Nalda, Andrea, Parra-Martínez, Alba, Bernardo, David, Rojo, Silvia, Fiz-López, Aida, Arribas-Rodriguez, Elisa, Cal-Sabater, Paloma, Segura, Tomás, González-Villar, Esther, Serrano-Heras, Gemma, Martí-Fàbregas, Joan, Jiménez-Xarrié, Elena, de Felipe Mimbrera, Alicia, Masjuan, Jaime, García-Madrona, Sebastian, Domínguez-Mayoral, Anna, Villalonga, Joan Montaner, and Menéndez-Valladares, Paloma
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- 2023
5. Common genetic variants contribute to heritability of age at onset of schizophrenia
- Author
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Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sada-Fuente, E; Aranda, S; Papiol, S; Heilbronner, U; Moltó, MD; Aguilar, EJ; González-Peñas, J; Andreu-Bernabeu, A; Arango, C; Crespo-Facorro, B; González-Pinto, A; Fañanás, L; Arias, B; Bobes, J; Costas, J; Martorell, L; Schulze, TG; Kalman, JL; Vilella, E; Muntané, G, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Sada-Fuente, E; Aranda, S; Papiol, S; Heilbronner, U; Moltó, MD; Aguilar, EJ; González-Peñas, J; Andreu-Bernabeu, A; Arango, C; Crespo-Facorro, B; González-Pinto, A; Fañanás, L; Arias, B; Bobes, J; Costas, J; Martorell, L; Schulze, TG; Kalman, JL; Vilella, E; Muntané, G
- Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex disorder that typically arises in late adolescence or early adulthood. Age at onset (AAO) of SCZ is associated with long-term outcomes of the disease. We explored the genetic architecture of AAO with a genome-wide association study (GWAS), heritability, polygenic risk score (PRS), and copy number variant (CNV) analyses in 4 740 subjects of European ancestry. Although no genome-wide significant locus was identified, SNP-based heritability of AAO was estimated to be between 17 and 21%, indicating a moderate contribution of common variants. We also performed cross-trait PRS analyses with a set of mental disorders and identified a negative association between AAO and common variants for SCZ, childhood maltreatment and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We also investigated the role of copy number variants (CNVs) in AAO and found an association with the length and number of deletions (P-value = 0.03), whereas the presence of CNVs previously reported in SCZ was not associated with earlier onset. To our knowledge, this is the largest GWAS of AAO of SCZ to date in individuals from European ancestry, and the first study to determine the involvement of common variants in the heritability of AAO. Finally, we evidenced the role played by higher SCZ load in determining AAO but discarded the role of pathogenic CNVs. Altogether, these results shed light on the genetic architecture of AAO, which needs to be confirmed with larger studies.© 2023. The Author(s).
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- 2023
6. Bidirectional links between socioeconomic status and schizophrenia – a multivariable mendelian randomisation study
- Author
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Andreu-Bernabeu, A., primary, González-Peñas, J., additional, Arango, C., additional, and Diaz-Caneja, C.M., additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Epigenetics in extremely preterm birth: associations with neurodevelopmental disorders and neonatal accelerated aging
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Gurriarán, X., primary, González-Peñas, J., additional, Martínez-Rábade, L., additional, Merchán-Naranjo, J., additional, Almansa, B., additional, Recio, S., additional, Blanco, D., additional, Arriaga, M., additional, Zeballos, S., additional, Ghosh, F., additional, Lizarán-Villalba, M., additional, Arango, C., additional, García-Blanco, A., additional, and Pina-Camacho, L., additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
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8. Independent and joint effects of genetic predisposition to loneliness or isolation and environmental exposures in schizophrenia and first episode psychoses
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González-Peñas, J., primary, Fernández-Moreno, P., additional, Andreu-Bernabeu, Á., additional, Diaz-Caneja, C., additional, and Arango, C., additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Polygenic contribution to the relationship of loneliness and social isolation with schizophrenia
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Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Andreu-Bernabeu Á; Díaz-Caneja CM; Costas J; De Hoyos L; Stella C; Gurriarán X; Alloza C; Fañanás L; Bobes J; González-Pinto A; Crespo-Facorro B; Martorell L; Vilella E; Muntané G; Nacher J; Molto MD; Aguilar EJ; Parellada M; Arango C; González-Peñas J, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Andreu-Bernabeu Á; Díaz-Caneja CM; Costas J; De Hoyos L; Stella C; Gurriarán X; Alloza C; Fañanás L; Bobes J; González-Pinto A; Crespo-Facorro B; Martorell L; Vilella E; Muntané G; Nacher J; Molto MD; Aguilar EJ; Parellada M; Arango C; González-Peñas J
- Abstract
Previous research suggests an association of loneliness and social isolation (LNL-ISO) with schizophrenia. Here, we demonstrate a LNL-ISO polygenic score contribution to schizophrenia risk in an independent case-control sample (N = 3,488). We then subset schizophrenia predisposing variation based on its effect on LNL-ISO. We find that genetic variation with concordant effects in both phenotypes shows significant SNP-based heritability enrichment, higher polygenic contribution in females, and positive covariance with mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, alcohol dependence, and autism. Conversely, genetic variation with discordant effects only contributes to schizophrenia risk in males and is negatively correlated with those disorders. Mendelian randomization analyses demonstrate a plausible bi-directional causal relationship between LNL-ISO and schizophrenia, with a greater effect of LNL-ISO liability on schizophrenia than vice versa. These results illustrate the genetic footprint of LNL-ISO on schizophrenia.© 2022. The Author(s).
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- 2022
10. P.0172 Deciphering the role of MIR-137 targetome in schizophrenia: temporal profiling and comorbidity with psychiatric disorders
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Stella, C., primary, De Hoyos, L., additional, Díaz-Caneja, C. Martinèz, additional, Parellada, M., additional, López, C. Arango, additional, and González-Peñas, J., additional
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- 2021
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11. Premorbid Adjustment and IQ in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis: A Multisite Case-Control Study of Their Relationship With Cannabis Use
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Ferraro, Laura, La Cascia Caterina, Quattrone, Diego, Sideli, Lucia, Matranga, Domenica, Capuccio, Veronica, Tripoli, Giada, Gayer-Anderson, Charlotte, Morgan, Craig, Sami Musa, B., Sham, Pak, de Haan Lieuwe, Velthorst, Eva, Jongsma Hannah, E., Kirkbride James, B, Rutten Bart, P. F., Richards Alexander, L, Roldan, Laura, Arango, Celso, Bernardo, Miquel, Bobes, Julio, Sanjuan, Julio, Santos Jose Luis, Arrojo, Manuel, Tarricone, Ilaria, Tortelli, Andrea, Szöke, Andrei, Del-Ben Cristina Marta, Selten, Jean-Paul, Lynskey, Michael, Jones Peter, B., Van Os Jim, La Barbera Daniele, Eu-Gei WP2 Group (Amoretti, S., Baudin, G., Beards, S., Berardi, D., Bonetto, C., Cabrera, B., Carracedo, A., Charpeaud, T., Costas, J., Cristofalo, D., Cuadrado, P., Ferchiou, A., Franke, N., Frijda, F., García Bernardo, E., Garcia-Portilla, P., González Peñas, J., González, E., Hubbard, K., Jamain, S., Jiménez-López, E., Lasalvia, A., Leboyer, M., López Montoya, G., Lorente-Rovira, E., Díaz-Caneja, C. M., Marcelino Loureiro, C., Marrazzo, G., Martínez, C., Matteis, M., Messchaart, E., Moltó, M. D., Moreno, C., Juan, N., Olmeda, M. S., Parellada, M., Pignon, B., Rapado, M., Richard, J. -R., Rodríguez Solano, J. J., Rossi Menezes, P., Ruggeri, M., Sáiz, P. A., Sánchez-Gutierrez, T., Sánchez, E., Sartorio, C., Schürhoff, F., Seminerio, F., Shuhama, R., Stilo, S. A., Termorshuizen, F., Tosato, S., Tronche, A. -M., Van Dam, D., Van Der Ven, E. )., Murray Robin, M., Di Forti Marta, Ferraro, Laura, La Cascia, Caterina, Quattrone, Diego, Sideli, Lucia, Matranga, Domenica, Capuccio, Veronica, Tripoli, Giada, Gayer-Anderson, Charlotte, Morgan, Craig, Sami, Musa B, Sham, Pak, de Haan, Lieuwe, Velthorst, Eva, Jongsma, Hannah E, Kirkbride, James B, Rutten, Bart P F, Richards, Alexander L, Roldan, Laura, Arango, Celso, Bernardo, Miquel, Bobes, Julio, Sanjuan, Julio, Santos, Jose Lui, Arrojo, Manuel, Tarricone, Ilaria, Tortelli, Andrea, Szöke, Andrei, Del-Ben, Cristina Marta, Selten, Jean-Paul, Lynskey, Michael, Jones, Peter B, Van Os, Jim, La Barbera, Daniele, Murray, Robin M, Di Forti, Marta, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Adult Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, MUMC+: MA Psychiatrie (3), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs - R3 - Neuroscience, and RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health
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Male ,cognition ,Intelligence ,Comorbidity ,SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS ,0302 clinical medicine ,Settore MED/48 -Scienze Infermierist. e Tecn. Neuro-Psichiatriche e Riabilitat ,Medicine ,PREDICTORS ,RISK ,education ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,Psychosocial Functioning ,sociability ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,Marijuana Use ,Social Adjustment ,MENTAL-HEALTH ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychosis ,Adolescent ,Population ,1ST EPISODE ,DRUG-USE ,preillness ,Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,AGE ,Settore M-PSI/08 - Psicologia Clinica ,Humans ,Cognitive skill ,Psychiatry ,Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria ,business.industry ,Case-control study ,preillne ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,EDUCAÇÃO ,030227 psychiatry ,schizophrenia ,Psychotic Disorders ,Case-Control Studies ,ONSET ,Cannabis ,NEUROCOGNITION ,business ,marijuana ,Neurocognitive ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Regular Articles - Abstract
Psychotic patients with a lifetime history of cannabis use generally show better cognitive functioning than other psychotic patients. Some authors suggest that cannabis-using patients may have been less cognitively impaired and less socially withdrawn in their premorbid life. Using a dataset comprising 948 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 1313 population controls across 6 countries, we examined the extent to which IQ and both early academic (Academic Factor [AF]) and social adjustment (Social Factor [SF]) are related to the lifetime frequency of cannabis use in both patients and controls. We expected a higher IQ and a better premorbid social adjustment in psychotic patients who had ever used cannabis compared to patients without any history of use. We did not expect such differences in controls. In both patients and controls, IQ was 3 points higher among occasional-users than in never-users (mean difference [Mdiff] = 2.9, 95% CI = [1.2, 4.7]). Both cases and control daily-users had lower AF compared to occasional (Mdiff = −0.3, 95% CI = [−0.5; −0.2]) and never-users (Mdiff = −0.4, 95% CI = [−0.6; −0.2]). Finally, patient occasional (Mdiff = 0.3, 95% CI = [0.1; 0.5]) and daily-users (Mdiff = 0.4, 95% CI = [0.2; 0.6]) had better SF than their never-using counterparts. This difference was not present in controls (Fgroup*frequency(2, 2205) = 4.995, P = .007). Our findings suggest that the better premorbid social functioning of FEP with a history of cannabis use may have contributed to their likelihood to begin using cannabis, exposing them to its reported risk-increasing effects for Psychotic Disorders.
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- 2019
12. Association between loneliness in childhood and first-episode psychosis.
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Díaz-Caneja, C. M., Donaire, L., Cavone, V., Andreu-Bernabeu, Á., González-Peñas, J., Díaz-Marsá, M., Rodríguez-Jiménez, R., Ibáñez, Á., Baca-García, E., Leza, J. C., Bravo-Ortiz, M. F., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., and Arango, C.
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SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIAL control ,LONELINESS ,ODDS ratio ,UNIVERSITY hospitals - Abstract
Introduction: Evidence from observational and genetic studies suggests a bidirectional relationship between loneliness and psychosis. To our knowledge, no previous study has assessed the association between loneliness in childhood and first-episode psychosis (FEP). Objectives: We aimed to assess the association between loneliness in childhood and the odds of FEP and clinical variables of interest (i.e., diagnosis and clinical and functional severity) in FEP and to explore gender differences in this association. Methods: This was an observational, case-control study, based on the AGES-CM cohort, a longitudinal prospective study including patients with FEP ages 7-40, their first-degree relatives, and an age- and sex-matched sample of controls in seven university hospitals in the region of Madrid. We assessed loneliness in childhood with the question "Have you ever felt lonely for more than 6 months before the age of 12" and objetive social isolation with the peer relationships item from the childhood subscale of the Premorbid Adjustment Scale. We conducted logistic and linear regression analyses to assess the association between childhood loneliness and i) the odds of presenting a FEP and ii) clinical variables of interest (diagnosis and scores on positive, negative, general, depressive, and manic symptoms and functioning), while adjusting for demographic variables. Results: The study sample comprised 285 patients with FEP (32.6% female, age 24.50 ± 6.2 years) and 546 controls (48.7% female, age 25.93 ± 5.5 years). Loneliness in childhood was associated with increased odds of FEP (adjusted odds ratio; aOR: 2.17, 95% CI [1.40-3.51], p=.002). This association remained significant after controlling for objective social isolation in childhood (aOR:2.70, IC 95% [1.58-4.62], p<.001). The effect of the association was stronger in females (aOR:4.74, 95% CI [2.23-10.05], p<.001) than in males (aOR:1.17, IC 95% [0.63-2.19], p=.623). In females with FEP, loneliness in childhood was significantly associated with increased odds of receiving a diagnosis of other psychosis (aOR:0.155, 95% CI [0.048-0.506], p=.002) relative to an SSD diagnosis. In the FEP sample, loneliness in childhood was associated with greater severity of positive and affective symptoms and worse functioning. Conclusions: Loneliness in childhood is associated with increased odds of FEP and clinical variables of interest. This suggests the potential role of this phenotype as an early risk marker for psychosis that could help guide targeted interventions. Disclosure of Interest: C. Díaz-Caneja Grant / Research support from: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI17/00481, PI20/00721, JR19/00024), European Union, Consultant of: Angelini, L. Donaire: None Declared, V. Cavone: None Declared, Á. Andreu-Bernabeu: None Declared, J. González-Peñas: None Declared, M. Díaz-Marsá: None Declared, R. Rodríguez-Jiménez: None Declared, Á. Ibáñez: None Declared, E. Baca-García: None Declared, J. C. Leza: None Declared, M. F. Bravo-Ortiz: None Declared, J. L. Ayuso-Mateos: None Declared, C. Arango Grant / Research support from: Madrid Regional Government (R&D activities in Biomedicine S2022/BMD-7216 AGES 3-CM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Union, Consultant of: Acadia, Angelini, Biogen, Boehringer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Medscape, Menarini, Minerva, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Unraveling the relationship of loneliness and isolation in schizophrenia: Polygenic dissection and causal inference
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Andreu-Bernabeu, A., primary, Díaz-Caneja, C.M., additional, Costas, J., additional, de Hoyos, L., additional, Stella, C., additional, Gurriarán, X., additional, Alloza, C., additional, Fañanás, L., additional, Bobes, J., additional, González Pinto, A., additional, Crespo-Facorro, B., additional, Martorell, L., additional, Vilella, E., additional, Muntane, G., additional, Nacher, J., additional, Molto, M.D., additional, Aguilar, E.J., additional, Parellada, M., additional, Arango, C., additional, and González-Peñas, J., additional
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- 2020
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14. Psychiatric comorbidities in high functioning autism: Polygenic overlap with major depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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González-Peñas, J., primary, García-Alcon, A., additional, Penzol, M.J., additional, Hernández, P., additional, Costas, J., additional, and Parellada, M., additional
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- 2019
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15. P.0291 Essential trace elements cooper and zinc and risk of mental health disorders: a two-sample mendelian randomization study
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Andreu-Bernabeu, A., Diaz-Caneja, C.M., Gonzalez-Peñas, J., Stella, C., Gurriaran, X., Arango, C., and Parellada, M.
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- 2021
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16. Examining the independent and joint effects of genomic and exposomic liabilities for schizophrenia across the psychosis spectrum
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Pries, L.-K., Dal Ferro, G. A., van Os, J., Delespaul, P., Kenis, G., Lin, B. D., Luykx, J. J., Richards, A. L., Akdede, B., Binbay, T., Altınyazar, V., Yalınçetin, B., Gümüş-Akay, G., Cihan, B., Soygür, H., Ulaş, H., Şahin Cankurtaran, E., Ulusoy Kaymak, S., Mihaljevic, M. M., Andric Petrovic, S., Mirjanic, T., Bernardo, M., Mezquida, G., Amoretti, S., Bobes, J., Saiz, P. A., García-Portilla, M. Paz, Sanjuan, J., Aguilar, E. J., Santos, J. L., Jiménez-López, E., Arrojo, M., Carracedo, A., López, G., González-Peñas, J., Parellada, M., Maric, N. P., Atbaşoğlu, C., Ucok, A., Alptekin, K., Can Saka, M., Arango, C., O'Donovan, M., Tosato, S., Rutten, B. P. F., and Guloksuz, S.
- Abstract
AbstractAimsPsychosis spectrum disorder has a complex pathoetiology characterised by interacting environmental and genetic vulnerabilities. The present study aims to investigate the role of gene–environment interaction using aggregate scores of genetic (polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ)) and environment liability for schizophrenia (exposome score for schizophrenia (ES-SCZ)) across the psychosis continuum.MethodsThe sample consisted of 1699 patients, 1753 unaffected siblings, and 1542 healthy comparison participants. The Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised (SIS-R) was administered to analyse scores of total, positive, and negative schizotypy in siblings and healthy comparison participants. The PRS-SCZ was trained using the Psychiatric Genomics Consortiums results and the ES-SCZ was calculated guided by the approach validated in a previous report in the current data set. Regression models were applied to test the independent and joint effects of PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ (adjusted for age, sex, and ancestry using 10 principal components).ResultsBoth genetic and environmental vulnerability were associated with case-control status. Furthermore, there was evidence for additive interaction between binary modes of PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ (above 75% of the control distribution) increasing the odds for schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis (relative excess risk due to interaction = 6.79, [95% confidential interval (CI) 3.32, 10.26], p< 0.001). Sensitivity analyses using continuous PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ confirmed gene–environment interaction (relative excess risk due to interaction = 1.80 [95% CI 1.01, 3.32], p= 0.004). In siblings and healthy comparison participants, PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ were associated with all SIS-R dimensions and evidence was found for an interaction between PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ on the total (B= 0.006 [95% CI 0.003, 0.009], p< 0.001), positive (B= 0.006 [95% CI, 0.002, 0.009], p= 0.002), and negative (B= 0.006, [95% CI 0.004, 0.009], p< 0.001) schizotypy dimensions.ConclusionsThe interplay between exposome load and schizophrenia genetic liability contributing to psychosis across the spectrum of expression provide further empirical support to the notion of aetiological continuity underlying an extended psychosis phenotype.
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- 2020
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17. Novel risk loci for COVID-19 hospitalization among admixed American populations.
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Diz-de Almeida S, Cruz R, Luchessi AD, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, de Heredia ML, Quintela I, González-Montelongo R, Nogueira Silbiger V, Porras MS, Tenorio Castaño JA, Nevado J, Aguado JM, Aguilar C, Aguilera-Albesa S, Almadana V, Almoguera B, Alvarez N, Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Arana-Arri E, Arango C, Arranz MJ, Artiga MJ, Baptista-Rosas RC, Barreda-Sánchez M, Belhassen-Garcia M, Bezerra JF, Bezerra MAC, Boix-Palop L, Brion M, Brugada R, Bustos M, Calderón EJ, Carbonell C, Castano L, Castelao JE, Conde-Vicente R, Cordero-Lorenzana ML, Cortes-Sanchez JL, Corton M, Darnaude MT, De Martino-Rodríguez A, Del Campo-Pérez V, de Bustamante AD, Domínguez-Garrido E, Eirós R, Fariñas MC, Fernandez-Nestosa MJ, Fernández-Robelo U, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Fernández-Villa T, Gago-Dominguez M, Gil-Fournier B, Gómez-Arrue J, Álvarez BG, Bernaldo de Quirós FG, González-Neira A, González-Peñas J, Gutiérrez-Bautista JF, Herrero MJ, Herrero-Gonzalez A, Jimenez-Sousa MA, Lattig MC, Borja AL, Lopez-Rodriguez R, Mancebo E, Martín-López C, Martín V, Martinez-Nieto O, Martinez-Lopez I, Martinez-Resendez MF, Martinez-Perez A, Mazzeu JF, Macías EM, Minguez P, Cuerda VM, Oliveira SF, Ortega-Paino E, Parellada M, Paz-Artal E, Santos NPC, Pérez-Matute P, Perez P, Pérez-Tomás ME, Perucho T, Pinsach-Abuin M, Pita G, Pompa-Mera EN, Porras-Hurtado GL, Pujol A, León SR, Resino S, Fernandes MR, Rodríguez-Ruiz E, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Garcia JA, Ruiz-Cabello F, Ruiz-Hornillos J, Ryan P, Soria JM, Souto JC, Tamayo E, Tamayo-Velasco A, Taracido-Fernandez JC, Teper A, Torres-Tobar L, Urioste M, Valencia-Ramos J, Yáñez Z, Zarate R, de Rojas I, Ruiz A, Sánchez P, Real LM, Guillen-Navarro E, Ayuso C, Parra E, Riancho JA, Rojas-Martinez A, Flores C, Lapunzina P, and Carracedo Á
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- Humans, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Female, Male, Genetic Loci, Risk Factors, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Middle Aged, Aged, Latin America epidemiology, COVID-19 genetics, COVID-19 epidemiology, Genome-Wide Association Study, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Abstract
The genetic basis of severe COVID-19 has been thoroughly studied, and many genetic risk factors shared between populations have been identified. However, reduced sample sizes from non-European groups have limited the discovery of population-specific common risk loci. In this second study nested in the SCOURGE consortium, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for COVID-19 hospitalization in admixed Americans, comprising a total of 4702 hospitalized cases recruited by SCOURGE and seven other participating studies in the COVID-19 Host Genetic Initiative. We identified four genome-wide significant associations, two of which constitute novel loci and were first discovered in Latin American populations ( BAZ2B and DDIAS ). A trans-ethnic meta-analysis revealed another novel cross-population risk locus in CREBBP . Finally, we assessed the performance of a cross-ancestry polygenic risk score in the SCOURGE admixed American cohort. This study constitutes the largest GWAS for COVID-19 hospitalization in admixed Latin Americans conducted to date. This allowed to reveal novel risk loci and emphasize the need of considering the diversity of populations in genomic research., Competing Interests: SD, RC, AL, JL, Md, IQ, RG, VN, MP, JT, JN, JA, CA, SA, VA, BA, NA, ÁA, EA, CA, MA, MA, RB, MB, MB, JB, MB, LB, MB, RB, MB, EC, CC, LC, JC, RC, MC, JC, MC, MD, AD, Vd, Ad, ED, RE, MF, MF, UF, AF, TF, MG, BG, JG, BÁ, FB, AG, JG, JG, MH, AH, MJ, ML, AB, RL, EM, CM, VM, OM, IM, MM, AM, JM, EM, PM, VC, SO, EO, MP, EP, NS, PP, PP, MP, TP, MP, GP, EP, GP, AP, SL, SR, MF, ER, FR, JR, FR, JR, PR, JS, JS, ET, AT, JT, AT, LT, MU, JV, ZY, RZ, Id, AR, PS, LR, EG, CA, EP, JR, AR, CF, PL, ÁC No competing interests declared, (© 2024, Diz-de Almeida, Cruz et al.)
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- 2024
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18. Shared vulnerability and sex-dependent polygenic burden in psychotic disorders.
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Mitjans M, Papiol S, Fatjó-Vilas M, González-Peñas J, Acosta-Díez M, Zafrilla-López M, Costas J, Arango C, Vilella E, Martorell L, Moltó MD, Bobes J, Crespo-Facorro B, González-Pinto A, Fañanás L, Rosa A, and Arias B
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Multifactorial Inheritance genetics, Psychotic Disorders genetics, Psychotic Disorders epidemiology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Bipolar Disorder genetics, Schizophrenia genetics, Schizophrenia epidemiology, Sex Characteristics, Depressive Disorder, Major genetics, Depressive Disorder, Major epidemiology
- Abstract
Evidence suggests a remarkable shared genetic susceptibility between psychiatric disorders. However, sex-dependent differences have been less studied. We explored the contribution of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) polygenic scores (PGSs) on the risk for psychotic disorders and whether sex-dependent differences exist (CIBERSAM sample: 1826 patients and 1372 controls). All PGSs were significantly associated with psychosis. Sex-stratified analyses showed that the variance explained in psychotic disorders risk was significantly higher in males than in females for all PGSs. Our results confirm the shared genetic architecture across psychotic disorders and demonstrate sex-dependent differences in the vulnerability to psychotic disorders., Competing Interests: Author disclosures CA has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Abbot, Acadia, Angelini, Biogen, Boehringer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Medscape, Menarini, Minerva, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion, Takeda and Teva. JB received consulting fees from Takeda as members of the Advisory Board. JB received research grants and served as consultant, advisor, or speaker within the last 3 years for: AB-Biotics, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Alkermes, Angelini, Ambrosetti-Angelini, Biogen, Casen Recordati, D&A Pharma, Exeltis, Gilead, Indivior, GW Pharmaceuticals, Janssen-Cilag, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Sage Therapeutics, Servier, Shire, Takeda. In addition, JB received research funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness—Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Health. AG-P has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Alter, Angelini, Novartis, Rovi, Takeda, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CIBERSAM), the Ministry of Science (Carlos III Institute), the Basque Government, and the European Framework Program of Research. The rest of the authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2024
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19. Accelerated Cortical Thinning in Schizophrenia Is Associated With Rare and Common Predisposing Variation to Schizophrenia and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
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González-Peñas J, Alloza C, Brouwer R, Díaz-Caneja CM, Costas J, González-Lois N, Gallego AG, de Hoyos L, Gurriarán X, Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Romero-García R, Fañanás L, Bobes J, González-Pinto A, Crespo-Facorro B, Martorell L, Arrojo M, Vilella E, Gutiérrez-Zotes A, Perez-Rando M, Moltó MD, Buimer E, van Haren N, Cahn W, O'Donovan M, Kahn RS, Arango C, Pol HH, Janssen J, and Schnack H
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- Humans, Adult, Middle Aged, Male, Female, Adolescent, Young Adult, Aged, Cerebral Cortical Thinning genetics, Cerebral Cortical Thinning diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Cortical Thinning pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Longitudinal Studies, Cerebral Cortex diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Cortex pathology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Schizophrenia genetics, Schizophrenia pathology, Schizophrenia diagnostic imaging, Neurodevelopmental Disorders genetics, Neurodevelopmental Disorders pathology, Neurodevelopmental Disorders diagnostic imaging
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Background: Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder characterized by increased cortical thinning throughout the life span. Studies have reported a shared genetic basis between schizophrenia and cortical thickness. However, no genes whose expression is related to abnormal cortical thinning in schizophrenia have been identified., Methods: We conducted linear mixed models to estimate the rates of accelerated cortical thinning across 68 regions from the Desikan-Killiany atlas in individuals with schizophrenia compared with healthy control participants from a large longitudinal sample (n
cases = 169 and ncontrols = 298, ages 16-70 years). We studied the correlation between gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas and accelerated thinning estimates across cortical regions. Finally, we explored the functional and genetic underpinnings of the genes that contribute most to accelerated thinning., Results: We found a global pattern of accelerated cortical thinning in individuals with schizophrenia compared with healthy control participants. Genes underexpressed in cortical regions that exhibit this accelerated thinning were downregulated in several psychiatric disorders and were enriched for both common and rare disrupting variation for schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders. In contrast, none of these enrichments were observed for baseline cross-sectional cortical thickness differences., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that accelerated cortical thinning, rather than cortical thickness alone, serves as an informative phenotype for neurodevelopmental disruptions in schizophrenia. We highlight the genetic and transcriptomic correlates of this accelerated cortical thinning, emphasizing the need for future longitudinal studies to elucidate the role of genetic variation and the temporal-spatial dynamics of gene expression in brain development and aging in schizophrenia., (Copyright © 2024 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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20. Heterogeneity of morphometric similarity networks in health and schizophrenia.
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Janssen J, Gallego AG, Díaz-Caneja CM, Lois NG, Janssen N, González-Peñas J, Gordaliza PM, Buimer EEL, van Haren NEM, Arango C, Kahn RS, Hulshoff Pol HE, and Schnack HG
- Abstract
Introduction: Morphometric similarity is a recently developed neuroimaging phenotype of inter-regional connectivity by quantifying the similarity of a region to other regions based on multiple MRI parameters. Altered average morphometric similarity has been reported in psychotic disorders at the group level, with considerable heterogeneity across individuals. We used normative modeling to address cross-sectional and longitudinal inter-individual heterogeneity of morphometric similarity in health and schizophrenia., Methods: Morphometric similarity for 62 cortical regions was obtained from baseline and follow-up T1-weighted scans of healthy individuals and patients with chronic schizophrenia. Cortical regions were classified into seven predefined brain functional networks. Using Bayesian Linear Regression and taking into account age, sex, image quality and scanner, we trained and validated normative models in healthy controls from eleven datasets (n = 4310). Individual deviations from the norm (z-scores) in morphometric similarity were computed for each participant for each network and region at both timepoints. A z-score ≧ than 1.96 was considered supra-normal and a z-score ≦ -1.96 infra-normal. As a longitudinal metric, we calculated the change over time of the total number of infra- or supra-normal regions per participant., Results: At baseline, patients with schizophrenia had decreased morphometric similarity of the default mode network and increased morphometric similarity of the somatomotor network when compared with healthy controls. The percentage of patients with infra- or supra-normal values for any region at baseline and follow-up was low (<6%) and did not differ from healthy controls. Mean intra-group changes over time in the total number of infra- or supra-normal regions were small in schizophrenia and healthy control groups (<1) and there were no significant between-group differences., Conclusions: In a case-control setting, a decrease of morphometric similarity within the default mode network may be a robust finding implicated in schizophrenia. However, normative modeling suggests that significant reductions and changes over time of regional morphometric similarity are evident only in a minority of patients., Competing Interests: Disclosures Dr. Díaz-Caneja has received honoraria from Angelini and Viatris. Dr. Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Gedeon Richter, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering-Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion, and Takeda. Dr. Cahn has received unrestricted research grants from or served as an independent symposium speaker or consultant for Eli Lilly, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lundbeck, Sanofi-Aventis, Janssen-Cilag, AstraZeneca, and Schering-Plough. The other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.
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- 2024
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21. Study of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the onset and course of neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm infants (the PeriSTRESS-PremTEA study): Rationale, objectives, design and sample description.
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Navalón P, Merchan-Naranjo J, Ghosn F, Almansa B, Chafer-Pericas C, González-Peñas J, Rodríguez-Toscano E, Zeballos S, Arriaga M, Castro Castro P, Blanco Bravo D, Vento M, Pina-Camacho L, and García-Blanco A
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- Infant, Pregnancy, Female, Child, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Prospective Studies, Infant, Premature, Neurodevelopmental Disorders diagnosis
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Background: There are few studies exploring the pathophysiological pathways that may condition differentially the emergence/course of neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) in very preterm and extremely preterm newborns (VPTN/EPTN). Furthermore, there are no established biological markers predictive of ND in this population. The aim of this study is four-fold: in two cohorts of VPTN/EPTN (i) to characterize the emergence/course of ND up to corrected-age 6 years, (ii) to identify those factors (from prenatal stages up to age 6 years) that explain the interindividual differences related to emergence/course of ND, (iii) to identify in the first hours/days of life a urinary metabolomic biomarker profile predictive of ND, and (iv) to determine longitudinally variations in DNA methylation patterns predictive of ND., Methods: Observational, longitudinal, prospective, six-year follow-up, multicentre collaborative study. Two cohorts are being recruited: the PeriSTRESS-Valencia-cohort (n=26 VPTN, 18 EPTN, and 122 born-at-term controls), and the PremTEA-Madrid-cohort (n=49 EPTN and n=29 controls)., Results: We describe the rationale, objectives and design of the PeriSTRESS-PremTEA project and show a description at birth of the recruited samples., Conclusions: The PeriSTRESS-PremTEA project could help improve early identification of clinical, environmental and biological variables involved in the physiopathology of ND in VPTN/EPTN. It could also help to improve the early identification of non-invasive ND biomarkers in this population. This may allow early ND detection as well as early and personalised intervention for these children., (Copyright © 2021 Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (SEPSM). Published by Elsevier España S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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22. Correction: Common genetic variants contribute to heritability of age at onset of schizophrenia.
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Sada-Fuente E, Aranda S, Papiol S, Heilbronner U, Moltó MD, Aguilar EJ, González-Peñas J, Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Arango C, Crespo-Facorro B, González-Pinto A, Fañanás L, Arias B, Bobes J, Costas J, Martorell L, Schulze TG, Kalman JL, Vilella E, and Muntané G
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- 2023
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23. Socioeconomic status and severe mental disorders: a bidirectional multivariable Mendelian randomisation study.
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Andreu-Bernabeu Á, González-Peñas J, Arango C, and Díaz-Caneja CM
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- Humans, Genome-Wide Association Study, Social Class, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Schizophrenia epidemiology, Bipolar Disorder epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Despite the evidence supporting the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and severe mental disorders (SMD), the directionality of the associations between income or education and mental disorders is still poorly understood., Objective: To investigate the potential bidirectional causal relationships between genetic liability to the two main components of SES (income and educational attainment (EA)) on three SMD: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD) and depression., Methods: We performed a bidirectional, two-sample univariable Mendelian randomisation (UVMR) and multivariable Mendelian randomisation (MVMR) study using SES phenotypes (income, n=397 751 and EA, n=766 345) and SMD (schizophrenia, n=127 906; BD, n=51 710 and depression, n=500 119) genome-wide association studies summary-statistics to dissect the potential direct associations of income and EA with SMD., Findings: UVMR showed that genetic liability to higher income was associated with decreased risk of schizophrenia and depression, with a smaller reverse effect of schizophrenia and depression on income. Effects were comparable after adjusting for EA in the MVMR. UMVR showed bidirectional negative associations between genetic liability to EA and depression and positive associations between genetic liability to EA and BD, with no significant effects on schizophrenia. After accounting for income, MVMR showed a bidirectional positive direction between genetic liability to EA and BD and schizophrenia but not with depression., Conclusions: Our results suggest a heterogeneous link pattern between SES and SMD. We found a negative bidirectional association between genetic liability to income and the risk of schizophrenia and depression. On the contrary, we found a positive bidirectional relationship of genetic liability to EA with schizophrenia and BD, which only becomes apparent after adjusting for income in the case of schizophrenia., Clinical Implications: These findings shed light on the directional mechanisms between social determinants and mental disorders and suggest that income and EA should be studied separately in relation to mental illness., Competing Interests: Competing interests: CA has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Minerva, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda. CMD-C. has received honoraria from AbbVie, Sanofi and Exeltis. The rest of the authors declare no competing interests., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2023
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24. Recent natural selection conferred protection against schizophrenia by non-antagonistic pleiotropy.
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González-Peñas J, de Hoyos L, Díaz-Caneja CM, Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Stella C, Gurriarán X, Fañanás L, Bobes J, González-Pinto A, Crespo-Facorro B, Martorell L, Vilella E, Muntané G, Molto MD, Gonzalez-Piqueras JC, Parellada M, Arango C, and Costas J
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- Humans, Africa, Alleles, Brain, Fertility, Schizophrenia genetics
- Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder associated with a reduced fertility and decreased life expectancy, yet common predisposing variation substantially contributes to the onset of the disorder, which poses an evolutionary paradox. Previous research has suggested balanced selection, a mechanism by which schizophrenia risk alleles could also provide advantages under certain environments, as a reliable explanation. However, recent studies have shown strong evidence against a positive selection of predisposing loci. Furthermore, evolutionary pressures on schizophrenia risk alleles could have changed throughout human history as new environments emerged. Here in this study, we used 1000 Genomes Project data to explore the relationship between schizophrenia predisposing loci and recent natural selection (RNS) signatures after the human diaspora out of Africa around 100,000 years ago on a genome-wide scale. We found evidence for significant enrichment of RNS markers in derived alleles arisen during human evolution conferring protection to schizophrenia. Moreover, both partitioned heritability and gene set enrichment analyses of mapped genes from schizophrenia predisposing loci subject to RNS revealed a lower involvement in brain and neuronal related functions compared to those not subject to RNS. Taken together, our results suggest non-antagonistic pleiotropy as a likely mechanism behind RNS that could explain the persistence of schizophrenia common predisposing variation in human populations due to its association to other non-psychiatric phenotypes., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2023
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25. Common genetic variants contribute to heritability of age at onset of schizophrenia.
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Sada-Fuente E, Aranda S, Papiol S, Heilbronner U, Moltó MD, Aguilar EJ, González-Peñas J, Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Arango C, Crespo-Facorro B, González-Pinto A, Fañanás L, Arias B, Bobes J, Costas J, Martorell L, Schulze TG, Kalman JL, Vilella E, and Muntané G
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- Adolescent, Humans, Adult, Age of Onset, Genome-Wide Association Study, Multifactorial Inheritance, Phenotype, Schizophrenia
- Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex disorder that typically arises in late adolescence or early adulthood. Age at onset (AAO) of SCZ is associated with long-term outcomes of the disease. We explored the genetic architecture of AAO with a genome-wide association study (GWAS), heritability, polygenic risk score (PRS), and copy number variant (CNV) analyses in 4 740 subjects of European ancestry. Although no genome-wide significant locus was identified, SNP-based heritability of AAO was estimated to be between 17 and 21%, indicating a moderate contribution of common variants. We also performed cross-trait PRS analyses with a set of mental disorders and identified a negative association between AAO and common variants for SCZ, childhood maltreatment and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We also investigated the role of copy number variants (CNVs) in AAO and found an association with the length and number of deletions (P-value = 0.03), whereas the presence of CNVs previously reported in SCZ was not associated with earlier onset. To our knowledge, this is the largest GWAS of AAO of SCZ to date in individuals from European ancestry, and the first study to determine the involvement of common variants in the heritability of AAO. Finally, we evidenced the role played by higher SCZ load in determining AAO but discarded the role of pathogenic CNVs. Altogether, these results shed light on the genetic architecture of AAO, which needs to be confirmed with larger studies., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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26. Examining the association between exposome score for schizophrenia and cognition in schizophrenia, siblings, and healthy controls: Results from the EUGEI study.
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Fusar-Poli L, Prachason T, Erzin G, Pries LK, Brondino N, Politi P, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Andric-Petrovic S, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Escarti MJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Üçok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Arango C, O'Donovan M, van Os J, Rutten BP, and Guloksuz S
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- Adult, Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Schizophrenia epidemiology, Siblings psychology, Case-Control Studies, Cognition Disorders epidemiology, Male, Female, Cognition, Exposome, Schizophrenic Psychology
- Abstract
Background: People with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) frequently present cognitive impairments. Here, we investigated whether the exposome score for schizophrenia (ES-SCZ) - a cumulative environmental exposure score - was associated with impairments of neurocognition, social cognition, and perception in patients with SSD, their unaffected siblings, and healthy controls., Methods: This cross-sectional sample consisted of 1200 patients, 1371 siblings, and 1564 healthy controls. Neurocognition, social cognition, and perception were assesed using a short version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III), the Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task (DFAR), and the Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFR), respectively. Regression models were used to analyze the association between ES-SCZ and cognitive domains in each group., Results: There were no statistically significant associations between ES-SCZ and cognitive domains in SSD. ES-SCZ was negatively associated with T-score of cognition in siblings (B=-0.40, 95% CI -0.76 to -0.03) and healthy controls (B=-0.63, 95% CI -1.06 to -0.21). Additionally, ES-SCZ was positively associated with DFAR-total in siblings (B=0.83, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.40). Sensitivity analyses excluding cannabis use history from ES-SCZ largely confirmed the main findings., Conclusions: Longitudinal cohorts may elucidate how environmental exposures influence the onset and course of cognitive impairments in trans-syndromic psychosis spectrum., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Celso Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Biogen, Boehringer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Medscape, Menarini, Minerva, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda. Julio Bobes has received research grants and served as a consultant, advisor, or speaker within the last 5 years for AB-Biotics, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Alkermes, Allergan, Ambrosetti-Angelini, Biogen, Casen Recordati, D&A Pharma, Exeltis, Gilead, Indivior, GW Pharmaceuticals, Janssen-Cilag, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck, Mundipharma, Newron, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Sage Therapeutics, Servier, Schwabe Farma Ibérica, Shire, and Takeda and has received research funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness –Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III– and the Spanish Ministry of Health. Maria Paz García-Portilla has been a consultant to and/or has received honoraria/grants from Angelini, Otsuka-Lundbeck Alliance, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer, and Sage Therapeutics. Pilar A. Sáiz has been a consultant to and/or has received honoraria/research grants from Adamed, Alter Medica, Angelini Pharma, CIBERSAM, Ethypharm Digital Therapy, European Commission, Government of the Principality of Asturias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer, Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas, and Servier. Miguel Bernardo has been a consultant for, received grant/research support and honoraria from, and been on the speakers/advisory board of ABBiotics, Adamed, Angelini, Casen Recordati, Janssen-Cilag, Menarini, Rovi and Takeda., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2023
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27. Role of cortical excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in autism spectrum disorders from a symptom severity trajectories framework: a study protocol.
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Colomar L, San José Cáceres A, Álvarez-Linera J, González-Peñas J, Huertas Patón A, Martín de Blas D, Polo Arrondo AP, Solís A, Jones E, and Parellada M
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- Child, Humans, Biomarkers, Observational Studies as Topic, Prospective Studies, Child, Preschool, Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis, Autistic Disorder, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive
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Background: There is considerable evidence reporting an excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) cortical imbalance in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, previous findings on the direction of this imbalance and its relationship to ASD symptomatology are heterogeneous. Some factors contributing to these mixed results might be the methodological differences between studies assessing the E/I ratio and the intrinsic variability within the autistic spectrum. Studying the evolution of ASD symptoms and the factors that modulate it might help to explain and reduce this variability. Here we present a study protocol to explore the longitudinal role of E/I imbalance in ASD symptoms, combining different approaches to measure the E/I ratio and using the trajectories of symptom severity as a framework., Methods: This observational two time-point prospective study assesses the E/I ratio and the evolution of the behavioural symptoms in a sample of at least 98 participants with ASD. Participants are enrolled at 12 to 72 months of age and followed from 18 to 48 months after. A comprehensive battery of tests is applied to evaluate ASD clinical symptoms. The E/I ratio is approached from electrophysiology, magnetic resonance, and genetics. We will calculate the individual change for the main ASD symptoms and, based on that, we will define the trajectories of symptom severity. Then, we will investigate the correlation between measures of excitation/inhibition balance and autistic symptomatology cross-sectionally, as well as the ability of these measurements to predict changes in symptoms over time., Discussion: This study presents a robust multisystemic approach to the E/I imbalance theory in autism and its relation to divergent symptom trajectories. That setting will allow us to relate and compare the neurobiological information coming from different sources and its impact on behavioural symptoms while accounting for the high variability in ASD. The findings derived from this study could contribute to the ASD biomarkers research and might provide valuable evidence for the development of more personalized treatments in ASD., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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28. Analysis of common genetic variation across targets of microRNAs dysregulated both in ASD and epilepsy reveals negative correlation.
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Stella C, Díaz-Caneja CM, Penzol MJ, García-Alcón A, Solís A, Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Gurriarán X, Arango C, Parellada M, and González-Peñas J
- Abstract
Genetic overlap involving rare disrupting mutations may contribute to high comorbidity rates between autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy. Despite their polygenic nature, genome-wide association studies have not reported a significant contribution of common genetic variation to comorbidity between both conditions. Analysis of common genetic variation affecting specific shared pathways such as miRNA dysregulation could help to elucidate the polygenic mechanisms underlying comorbidity between autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy. We evaluated here the role of common predisposing variation to autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy across target genes of 14 miRNAs selected through bibliographic research as being dysregulated in both disorders. We considered 4,581 target genes from various in silico sources. We described negative genetic correlation between autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy across variants located within target genes of the 14 miRNAs selected ( p = 0.0228). Moreover, polygenic transmission disequilibrium test on an independent cohort of autism spectrum disorders trios (N = 233) revealed an under-transmission of autism spectrum disorders predisposing alleles within miRNAs' target genes across autism spectrum disorders trios without comorbid epilepsy, thus reinforcing the negative relationship at the common genetic variation between both traits. Our study provides evidence of a negative relationship between autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy at the common genetic variation level that becomes more evident when focusing on the miRNA regulatory networks, which contrasts with observed clinical comorbidity and results from rare variation studies. Our findings may help to conceptualize the genetic heterogeneity and the comorbidity with epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders., Competing Interests: CA has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Minerva, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Ser-vier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda. CD-C has received honoraria from Exeltis and Angelini not related to this work. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Stella, Díaz-Caneja, Penzol, García-Alcón, Solís, Andreu-Bernabeu, Gurriarán, Arango, Parellada and González-Peñas.)
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- 2023
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29. Schizophrenia risk conferred by rare protein-truncating variants is conserved across diverse human populations.
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Liu D, Meyer D, Fennessy B, Feng C, Cheng E, Johnson JS, Park YJ, Rieder MK, Ascolillo S, de Pins A, Dobbyn A, Lebovitch D, Moya E, Nguyen TH, Wilkins L, Hassan A, Burdick KE, Buxbaum JD, Domenici E, Frangou S, Hartmann AM, Laurent-Levinson C, Malhotra D, Pato CN, Pato MT, Ressler K, Roussos P, Rujescu D, Arango C, Bertolino A, Blasi G, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Campion D, Carr V, Fullerton JM, Gennarelli M, González-Peñas J, Levinson DF, Mowry B, Nimgaokar VL, Pergola G, Rampino A, Cervilla JA, Rivera M, Schwab SG, Wildenauer DB, Daly M, Neale B, Singh T, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Walters JT, Ayub M, Malhotra AK, Lencz T, Sullivan PF, Sklar P, Stahl EA, Huckins LM, and Charney AW
- Subjects
- Humans, Alleles, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study methods, Schizophrenia genetics, Autistic Disorder genetics
- Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic mental illness and among the most debilitating conditions encountered in medical practice. A recent landmark SCZ study of the protein-coding regions of the genome identified a causal role for ten genes and a concentration of rare variant signals in evolutionarily constrained genes
1 . This recent study-and most other large-scale human genetics studies-was mainly composed of individuals of European (EUR) ancestry, and the generalizability of the findings in non-EUR populations remains unclear. To address this gap, we designed a custom sequencing panel of 161 genes selected based on the current knowledge of SCZ genetics and sequenced a new cohort of 11,580 SCZ cases and 10,555 controls of diverse ancestries. Replicating earlier work, we found that cases carried a significantly higher burden of rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs) among evolutionarily constrained genes (odds ratio = 1.48; P = 5.4 × 10-6 ). In meta-analyses with existing datasets totaling up to 35,828 cases and 107,877 controls, this excess burden was largely consistent across five ancestral populations. Two genes (SRRM2 and AKAP11) were newly implicated as SCZ risk genes, and one gene (PCLO) was identified as shared by individuals with SCZ and those with autism. Overall, our results lend robust support to the rare allelic spectrum of the genetic architecture of SCZ being conserved across diverse human populations., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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30. Oxytocin Exposure in Labor and its Relationship with Cognitive Impairment and the Genetic Architecture of Autism.
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García-Alcón A, González-Peñas J, Weckx E, Penzol MJ, Gurriarán X, Costas J, Díaz-Caneja CM, Moreno C, Hernández P, Arango C, and Parellada M
- Subjects
- Female, Pregnancy, Humans, Oxytocin, Cognition, Autistic Disorder genetics, Autism Spectrum Disorder genetics, Cognitive Dysfunction genetics
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Whether there is a relationship between oxytocin (OXT) use in labor and the risk of autism (ASD), and the nature of such relationship, is unclear. By integrating genetic and clinical data in a sample of 176 ASD participants, we tested the hypothesis that OXT is a marker for abnormal prenatal development which leads to impairments in the process of labor. OXT-exposed ASD had more obstetric complications (P = 0.031), earlier onset of symptoms (P = 0.027), poorer cognitive development (P = 0.011), higher mutation burden across neurodevelopment genes (P = 0.020; OR = 5.33) and lower transmission of polygenic risk for ASD (P = 0.0319), than non-exposed ASD. OXT seems to constitute a risk indicator rather than a risk factor for ASD, which is relevant for diagnostic and genetic counselling., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2023
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31. Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity.
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Cruz R, Diz-de Almeida S, López de Heredia M, Quintela I, Ceballos FC, Pita G, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, González-Montelongo R, Gago-Domínguez M, Sevilla Porras M, Tenorio Castaño JA, Nevado J, Aguado JM, Aguilar C, Aguilera-Albesa S, Almadana V, Almoguera B, Alvarez N, Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Arana-Arri E, Arango C, Arranz MJ, Artiga MJ, Baptista-Rosas RC, Barreda-Sánchez M, Belhassen-Garcia M, Bezerra JF, Bezerra MAC, Boix-Palop L, Brion M, Brugada R, Bustos M, Calderón EJ, Carbonell C, Castano L, Castelao JE, Conde-Vicente R, Cordero-Lorenzana ML, Cortes-Sanchez JL, Corton M, Darnaude MT, De Martino-Rodríguez A, Del Campo-Pérez V, Diaz de Bustamante A, Domínguez-Garrido E, Luchessi AD, Eiros R, Estigarribia Sanabria GM, Carmen Fariñas M, Fernández-Robelo U, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Fernández-Villa T, Gil-Fournier B, Gómez-Arrue J, González Álvarez B, Gonzalez Bernaldo de Quirós F, González-Peñas J, Gutiérrez-Bautista JF, Herrero MJ, Herrero-Gonzalez A, Jimenez-Sousa MA, Lattig MC, Liger Borja A, Lopez-Rodriguez R, Mancebo E, Martín-López C, Martín V, Martinez-Nieto O, Martinez-Lopez I, Martinez-Resendez MF, Martinez-Perez A, Mazzeu JF, Merayo Macías E, Minguez P, Moreno Cuerda V, Silbiger VN, Oliveira SF, Ortega-Paino E, Parellada M, Paz-Artal E, Santos NPC, Pérez-Matute P, Perez P, Pérez-Tomás ME, Perucho T, Pinsach-Abuin ML, Pompa-Mera EN, Porras-Hurtado GL, Pujol A, Ramiro León S, Resino S, Fernandes MR, Rodríguez-Ruiz E, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Garcia JA, Ruiz Cabello F, Ruiz-Hornillos J, Ryan P, Soria JM, Souto JC, Tamayo E, Tamayo-Velasco A, Taracido-Fernandez JC, Teper A, Torres-Tobar L, Urioste M, Valencia-Ramos J, Yáñez Z, Zarate R, Nakanishi T, Pigazzini S, Degenhardt F, Butler-Laporte G, Maya-Miles D, Bujanda L, Bouysran Y, Palom A, Ellinghaus D, Martínez-Bueno M, Rolker S, Amitrano S, Roade L, Fava F, Spinner CD, Prati D, Bernardo D, Garcia F, Darcis G, Fernández-Cadenas I, Holter JC, Banales JM, Frithiof R, Duga S, Asselta R, Pereira AC, Romero-Gómez M, Nafría-Jiménez B, Hov JR, Migeotte I, Renieri A, Planas AM, Ludwig KU, Buti M, Rahmouni S, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Schulte EC, Franke A, Karlsen TH, Valenti L, Zeberg H, Richards B, Ganna A, Boada M, de Rojas I, Ruiz A, Sánchez-Juan P, Real LM, Guillen-Navarro E, Ayuso C, González-Neira A, Riancho JA, Rojas-Martinez A, Flores C, Lapunzina P, and Carracedo A
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- Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Sex Characteristics, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, COVID-19 genetics
- Abstract
Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10-22 and P = 8.1 × 10-12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10-8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10-8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10-8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10-8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.)
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- 2022
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32. The association between cannabis use and facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia, siblings, and healthy controls: Results from the EUGEI study.
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Fusar-Poli L, Pries LK, van Os J, Radhakrishnan R, Pençe AY, Erzin G, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Andric-Petrovic S, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Üçok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Aguglia E, Arango C, Rutten BP, and Guloksuz S
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- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emotions, Humans, Siblings psychology, Cannabis, Facial Recognition, Psychotic Disorders psychology, Schizophrenia complications
- Abstract
Schizophrenia is frequently accompanied with social cognitive disturbances. Cannabis represents one established environmental factor associated with the onset and progression of schizophrenia. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association of facial emotion recognition (FER) performance with cannabis use in 2039 patients with schizophrenia, 2141 siblings, and 2049 healthy controls (HC). FER performance was measured using the Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task (DFAR). Better FER performance as indicated by higher DFAR-total scores was associated with lifetime regular cannabis use in schizophrenia (B = 1.36, 95% CI 0.02 to 2.69), siblings (B = 2.17, 95% CI 0.79 to 3.56), and HC (B = 3.10, 95% CI 1.14 to 5.06). No associations were found between DFAR-total and current cannabis use. Patients with schizophrenia who started to use cannabis after the age of 16 showed better FER performance than patients who started earlier (B = 2.50, 95% CI 0.15 to 4.84) and non-users (B = 3.72, 95 CI 1.96 to 5.49). Better FER performance was found also in siblings who started to use cannabis after 16 compared to non-users (B = 2.37, 95% CI 0.58 to 4.16), while HC using cannabis performed better than non-users at DFAR-total regardless of the age at onset. Our findings suggest that lifetime regular cannabis use may be associated with better FER regardless of the psychosis risk, but that FER might be moderated by age at first use in people with higher genetic risk. Longitudinal studies may clarify whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between cannabis use and FER performance in psychotic and non-psychotic samples., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest Celso Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Minerva, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda. Maria Paz Garcia-Portilla has been a consultant to and/or has received honoraria/grants from Angelini, Alianza Otsuka-Lundbeck, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer, and SAGE Therapeutics., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2022
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33. Evidence, and replication thereof, that molecular-genetic and environmental risks for psychosis impact through an affective pathway.
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van Os J, Pries LK, Ten Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Delespaul P, Bak M, Kenis G, Lin BD, Luykx JJ, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Petrovic SA, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Rutten BPF, and Guloksuz S
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- Humans, Hallucinations etiology, Hallucinations genetics, Multifactorial Inheritance, Risk, Delusions diagnosis, Psychotic Disorders etiology, Psychotic Disorders genetics, Schizophrenia etiology, Schizophrenia genetics
- Abstract
Background: There is evidence that environmental and genetic risk factors for schizophrenia spectrum disorders are transdiagnostic and mediated in part through a generic pathway of affective dysregulation., Methods: We analysed to what degree the impact of schizophrenia polygenic risk (PRS-SZ) and childhood adversity (CA) on psychosis outcomes was contingent on co-presence of affective dysregulation, defined as significant depressive symptoms, in (i) NEMESIS-2 ( n = 6646), a representative general population sample, interviewed four times over nine years and (ii) EUGEI ( n = 4068) a sample of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, the siblings of these patients and controls., Results: The impact of PRS-SZ on psychosis showed significant dependence on co-presence of affective dysregulation in NEMESIS-2 [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI): 1.01, p = 0.037] and in EUGEI (RERI = 3.39, p = 0.048). This was particularly evident for delusional ideation (NEMESIS-2: RERI = 1.74, p = 0.003; EUGEI: RERI = 4.16, p = 0.019) and not for hallucinatory experiences (NEMESIS-2: RERI = 0.65, p = 0.284; EUGEI: -0.37, p = 0.547). A similar and stronger pattern of results was evident for CA (RERI delusions and hallucinations: NEMESIS-2: 3.02, p < 0.001; EUGEI: 6.44, p < 0.001; RERI delusional ideation: NEMESIS-2: 3.79, p < 0.001; EUGEI: 5.43, p = 0.001; RERI hallucinatory experiences: NEMESIS-2: 2.46, p < 0.001; EUGEI: 0.54, p = 0.465)., Conclusions: The results, and internal replication, suggest that the effects of known genetic and non-genetic risk factors for psychosis are mediated in part through an affective pathway, from which early states of delusional meaning may arise.
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- 2022
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34. A replication study of JTC bias, genetic liability for psychosis and delusional ideation.
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Henquet C, van Os J, Pries LK, Rauschenberg C, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran ES, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Petrovic SS, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Rutten BPF, and Gülöksüz S
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- Bias, Decision Making, Delusions psychology, Hallucinations, Humans, Psychotic Disorders psychology, Schizophrenia genetics
- Abstract
Background: This study attempted to replicate whether a bias in probabilistic reasoning, or 'jumping to conclusions'(JTC) bias is associated with being a sibling of a patient with schizophrenia spectrum disorder; and if so, whether this association is contingent on subthreshold delusional ideation., Methods: Data were derived from the EUGEI project, a 25-centre, 15-country effort to study psychosis spectrum disorder. The current analyses included 1261 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, 1282 siblings of patients and 1525 healthy comparison subjects, recruited in Spain (five centres), Turkey (three centres) and Serbia (one centre). The beads task was used to assess JTC bias. Lifetime experience of delusional ideation and hallucinatory experiences was assessed using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. General cognitive abilities were taken into account in the analyses., Results: JTC bias was positively associated not only with patient status but also with sibling status [adjusted relative risk (aRR) ratio : 4.23 CI 95% 3.46-5.17 for siblings and aRR: 5.07 CI 95% 4.13-6.23 for patients]. The association between JTC bias and sibling status was stronger in those with higher levels of delusional ideation (aRR interaction in siblings: 3.77 CI 95% 1.67-8.51, and in patients: 2.15 CI 95% 0.94-4.92). The association between JTC bias and sibling status was not stronger in those with higher levels of hallucinatory experiences., Conclusions: These findings replicate earlier findings that JTC bias is associated with familial liability for psychosis and that this is contingent on the degree of delusional ideation but not hallucinations.
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- 2022
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35. Metabolic polygenic risk scores effect on antipsychotic-induced metabolic dysregulation: A longitudinal study in a first episode psychosis cohort.
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Segura ÀG, Martínez-Pinteño A, Gassó P, Rodríguez N, Bioque M, Cuesta MJ, González-Peñas J, García-Rizo C, Lobo A, González-Pinto A, García-Alcón A, Roldán A, Vieta E, Castro-Fornieles J, Mané A, Saiz J, Bernardo M, and Mas S
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- Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Risk Factors, Antipsychotic Agents adverse effects, Psychotic Disorders drug therapy, Psychotic Disorders genetics, Psychotic Disorders pathology, Schizophrenia drug therapy, Schizophrenia genetics
- Abstract
Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a health-threatening condition suffered by approximately one third of schizophrenia patients and largely attributed to antipsychotic medication. Previous evidence reports a common genetic background of psychotic and metabolic disorders. In this study, we aimed to assess the role of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) on the progression of the metabolic profile in a first-episode psychosis (FEP) cohort., Method: Of the 231 FEP individuals included in the study, 192-220 participants were included in basal analysis and 118-179 in longitudinal 6-month models. Eleven psychopathologic and metabolic PRSs were constructed. Basal and longitudinal PRSs association with metabolic measurements was assessed by statistical analyses., Results: No major association of psychopathological PRSs with the metabolic progression was found. However, high risk individuals for depression and cholesterol-related PRSs reported a higher increase of cholesterol levels during the follow-up (FDR ≤ 0.023 for all analyses). Their effect was comparable to other well-established pharmacological and environmental risk factors (explaining at least 1.2% of total variance)., Conclusion: Our findings provide new evidence of the effects of metabolic genetic risk on the development of metabolic dysregulation. The future establishment of genetic profiling tools in clinical procedures could enable practitioners to better personalize antipsychotic treatment selection and dosage., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2022
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36. Gene co-expression architecture in peripheral blood in a cohort of remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients.
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Rodríguez N, Gassó P, Martínez-Pinteño A, Segura ÀG, Mezquida G, Moreno-Izco L, González-Peñas J, Zorrilla I, Martin M, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Corripio I, Sarró S, Ibáñez A, Butjosa A, Contreras F, Bioque M, Cuesta MJ, Parellada M, González-Pinto A, Berrocoso E, Bernardo M, and Mas S
- Abstract
A better understanding of schizophrenia subtypes is necessary to stratify the patients according to clinical attributes. To explore the genomic architecture of schizophrenia symptomatology, we analyzed blood co-expression modules and their association with clinical data from patients in remission after a first episode of schizophrenia. In total, 91 participants of the 2EPS project were included. Gene expression was assessed using the Clariom S Human Array. Weighted-gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify modules of co-expressed genes and to test its correlation with global functioning, clinical symptomatology, and premorbid adjustment. Among the 25 modules identified, six modules were significantly correlated with clinical data. These modules could be clustered in two groups according to their correlation with clinical data. Hub genes in each group showing overlap with risk genes for schizophrenia were enriched in biological processes related to metabolic processes, regulation of gene expression, cellular localization and protein transport, immune processes, and neurotrophin pathways. Our results indicate that modules with significant associations with clinical data showed overlap with gene sets previously identified in differential gene-expression analysis in brain, indicating that peripheral tissues could reveal pathogenic mechanisms. Hub genes involved in these modules revealed multiple signaling pathways previously related to schizophrenia, which may represent the complex interplay in the pathological mechanisms behind the disease. These genes could represent potential targets for the development of peripheral biomarkers underlying illness traits in clinical remission stages after a first episode of schizophrenia., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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37. Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia.
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Trubetskoy V, Pardiñas AF, Qi T, Panagiotaropoulou G, Awasthi S, Bigdeli TB, Bryois J, Chen CY, Dennison CA, Hall LS, Lam M, Watanabe K, Frei O, Ge T, Harwood JC, Koopmans F, Magnusson S, Richards AL, Sidorenko J, Wu Y, Zeng J, Grove J, Kim M, Li Z, Voloudakis G, Zhang W, Adams M, Agartz I, Atkinson EG, Agerbo E, Al Eissa M, Albus M, Alexander M, Alizadeh BZ, Alptekin K, Als TD, Amin F, Arolt V, Arrojo M, Athanasiu L, Azevedo MH, Bacanu SA, Bass NJ, Begemann M, Belliveau RA, Bene J, Benyamin B, Bergen SE, Blasi G, Bobes J, Bonassi S, Braun A, Bressan RA, Bromet EJ, Bruggeman R, Buckley PF, Buckner RL, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Cahn W, Cairns MJ, Calkins ME, Carr VJ, Castle D, Catts SV, Chambert KD, Chan RCK, Chaumette B, Cheng W, Cheung EFC, Chong SA, Cohen D, Consoli A, Cordeiro Q, Costas J, Curtis C, Davidson M, Davis KL, de Haan L, Degenhardt F, DeLisi LE, Demontis D, Dickerson F, Dikeos D, Dinan T, Djurovic S, Duan J, Ducci G, Dudbridge F, Eriksson JG, Fañanás L, Faraone SV, Fiorentino A, Forstner A, Frank J, Freimer NB, Fromer M, Frustaci A, Gadelha A, Genovese G, Gershon ES, Giannitelli M, Giegling I, Giusti-Rodríguez P, Godard S, Goldstein JI, González Peñas J, González-Pinto A, Gopal S, Gratten J, Green MF, Greenwood TA, Guillin O, Gülöksüz S, Gur RE, Gur RC, Gutiérrez B, Hahn E, Hakonarson H, Haroutunian V, Hartmann AM, Harvey C, Hayward C, Henskens FA, Herms S, Hoffmann P, Howrigan DP, Ikeda M, Iyegbe C, Joa I, Julià A, Kähler AK, Kam-Thong T, Kamatani Y, Karachanak-Yankova S, Kebir O, Keller MC, Kelly BJ, Khrunin A, Kim SW, Klovins J, Kondratiev N, Konte B, Kraft J, Kubo M, Kučinskas V, Kučinskiene ZA, Kusumawardhani A, Kuzelova-Ptackova H, Landi S, Lazzeroni LC, Lee PH, Legge SE, Lehrer DS, Lencer R, Lerer B, Li M, Lieberman J, Light GA, Limborska S, Liu CM, Lönnqvist J, Loughland CM, Lubinski J, Luykx JJ, Lynham A, Macek M Jr, Mackinnon A, Magnusson PKE, Maher BS, Maier W, Malaspina D, Mallet J, Marder SR, Marsal S, Martin AR, Martorell L, Mattheisen M, McCarley RW, McDonald C, McGrath JJ, Medeiros H, Meier S, Melegh B, Melle I, Mesholam-Gately RI, Metspalu A, Michie PT, Milani L, Milanova V, Mitjans M, Molden E, Molina E, Molto MD, Mondelli V, Moreno C, Morley CP, Muntané G, Murphy KC, Myin-Germeys I, Nenadić I, Nestadt G, Nikitina-Zake L, Noto C, Nuechterlein KH, O'Brien NL, O'Neill FA, Oh SY, Olincy A, Ota VK, Pantelis C, Papadimitriou GN, Parellada M, Paunio T, Pellegrino R, Periyasamy S, Perkins DO, Pfuhlmann B, Pietiläinen O, Pimm J, Porteous D, Powell J, Quattrone D, Quested D, Radant AD, Rampino A, Rapaport MH, Rautanen A, Reichenberg A, Roe C, Roffman JL, Roth J, Rothermundt M, Rutten BPF, Saker-Delye S, Salomaa V, Sanjuan J, Santoro ML, Savitz A, Schall U, Scott RJ, Seidman LJ, Sharp SI, Shi J, Siever LJ, Sigurdsson E, Sim K, Skarabis N, Slominsky P, So HC, Sobell JL, Söderman E, Stain HJ, Steen NE, Steixner-Kumar AA, Stögmann E, Stone WS, Straub RE, Streit F, Strengman E, Stroup TS, Subramaniam M, Sugar CA, Suvisaari J, Svrakic DM, Swerdlow NR, Szatkiewicz JP, Ta TMT, Takahashi A, Terao C, Thibaut F, Toncheva D, Tooney PA, Torretta S, Tosato S, Tura GB, Turetsky BI, Üçok A, Vaaler A, van Amelsvoort T, van Winkel R, Veijola J, Waddington J, Walter H, Waterreus A, Webb BT, Weiser M, Williams NM, Witt SH, Wormley BK, Wu JQ, Xu Z, Yolken R, Zai CC, Zhou W, Zhu F, Zimprich F, Atbaşoğlu EC, Ayub M, Benner C, Bertolino A, Black DW, Bray NJ, Breen G, Buccola NG, Byerley WF, Chen WJ, Cloninger CR, Crespo-Facorro B, Donohoe G, Freedman R, Galletly C, Gandal MJ, Gennarelli M, Hougaard DM, Hwu HG, Jablensky AV, McCarroll SA, Moran JL, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Müller-Myhsok B, Neil AL, Nordentoft M, Pato MT, Petryshen TL, Pirinen M, Pulver AE, Schulze TG, Silverman JM, Smoller JW, Stahl EA, Tsuang DW, Vilella E, Wang SH, Xu S, Adolfsson R, Arango C, Baune BT, Belangero SI, Børglum AD, Braff D, Bramon E, Buxbaum JD, Campion D, Cervilla JA, Cichon S, Collier DA, Corvin A, Curtis D, Forti MD, Domenici E, Ehrenreich H, Escott-Price V, Esko T, Fanous AH, Gareeva A, Gawlik M, Gejman PV, Gill M, Glatt SJ, Golimbet V, Hong KS, Hultman CM, Hyman SE, Iwata N, Jönsson EG, Kahn RS, Kennedy JL, Khusnutdinova E, Kirov G, Knowles JA, Krebs MO, Laurent-Levinson C, Lee J, Lencz T, Levinson DF, Li QS, Liu J, Malhotra AK, Malhotra D, McIntosh A, McQuillin A, Menezes PR, Morgan VA, Morris DW, Mowry BJ, Murray RM, Nimgaonkar V, Nöthen MM, Ophoff RA, Paciga SA, Palotie A, Pato CN, Qin S, Rietschel M, Riley BP, Rivera M, Rujescu D, Saka MC, Sanders AR, Schwab SG, Serretti A, Sham PC, Shi Y, St Clair D, Stefánsson H, Stefansson K, Tsuang MT, van Os J, Vawter MP, Weinberger DR, Werge T, Wildenauer DB, Yu X, Yue W, Holmans PA, Pocklington AJ, Roussos P, Vassos E, Verhage M, Visscher PM, Yang J, Posthuma D, Andreassen OA, Kendler KS, Owen MJ, Wray NR, Daly MJ, Huang H, Neale BM, Sullivan PF, Ripke S, Walters JTR, and O'Donovan MC
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- Alleles, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genomics, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Schizophrenia genetics
- Abstract
Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%
1 , much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)- Published
- 2022
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38. Examining facial emotion recognition as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis: Findings from the EUGEI study.
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Fusar-Poli L, Pries LK, van Os J, Erzin G, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Andric-Petrovic S, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Üçok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Aguglia E, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Rutten BPF, and Guloksuz S
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- Adult, Female, Genomics, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Psychotic Disorders genetics, Risk Factors, Facial Recognition physiology, Phenotype, Psychotic Disorders physiopathology, Siblings
- Abstract
Background: Social cognition impairments, such as facial emotion recognition (FER), have been acknowledged since the earliest description of schizophrenia. Here, we tested FER as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis using two approaches that are indicators of genetic risk for schizophrenia: the proxy-genetic risk approach (family design) and the polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ)., Methods: The sample comprised 2039 individuals with schizophrenia, 2141 siblings, and 2049 healthy controls (HC). The Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task (DFAR) was applied to measure the FER accuracy. Schizotypal traits in siblings and HC were assessed using the Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised (SIS-R). The PRS-SCZ was trained using the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium results. Regression models were applied to test the association of DFAR with psychosis risk, SIS-R, and PRS-SCZ., Results: The DFAR-total scores were lower in individuals with schizophrenia than in siblings (RR = 0.97 [95% CI 0.97, 0.97]), who scored lower than HC (RR = 0.99 [95% CI 0.99-1.00]). The DFAR-total scores were negatively associated with SIS-R total scores in siblings (B = -2.04 [95% CI -3.72, -0.36]) and HC (B = -2.93 [95% CI -5.50, -0.36]). Different patterns of association were observed for individual emotions. No significant associations were found between DFAR scores and PRS-SCZ., Conclusions: Our findings based on a proxy genetic risk approach suggest that FER deficits may represent an intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia. However, a significant association between FER and PRS-SCZ was not found. In the future, genetic mechanisms underlying FER phenotypes should be investigated trans-diagnostically., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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39. Polygenic contribution to the relationship of loneliness and social isolation with schizophrenia.
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Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Díaz-Caneja CM, Costas J, De Hoyos L, Stella C, Gurriarán X, Alloza C, Fañanás L, Bobes J, González-Pinto A, Crespo-Facorro B, Martorell L, Vilella E, Muntané G, Nacher J, Molto MD, Aguilar EJ, Parellada M, Arango C, and González-Peñas J
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- Alcoholism, Anxiety Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity genetics, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Phenotype, Loneliness, Multifactorial Inheritance, Schizophrenia genetics, Social Isolation
- Abstract
Previous research suggests an association of loneliness and social isolation (LNL-ISO) with schizophrenia. Here, we demonstrate a LNL-ISO polygenic score contribution to schizophrenia risk in an independent case-control sample (N = 3,488). We then subset schizophrenia predisposing variation based on its effect on LNL-ISO. We find that genetic variation with concordant effects in both phenotypes shows significant SNP-based heritability enrichment, higher polygenic contribution in females, and positive covariance with mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, alcohol dependence, and autism. Conversely, genetic variation with discordant effects only contributes to schizophrenia risk in males and is negatively correlated with those disorders. Mendelian randomization analyses demonstrate a plausible bi-directional causal relationship between LNL-ISO and schizophrenia, with a greater effect of LNL-ISO liability on schizophrenia than vice versa. These results illustrate the genetic footprint of LNL-ISO on schizophrenia., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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40. A polygenic approach to the association between smoking and schizophrenia.
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Al-Soufi L, Martorell L, Moltó MD, González-Peñas J, García-Portilla MP, Arrojo M, Rivero O, Gutiérrez-Zotes A, Nácher J, Muntané G, Paz E, Páramo M, Bobes J, Arango C, Sanjuan J, Vilella E, and Costas J
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- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity genetics, Body Mass Index, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Middle Aged, Multifactorial Inheritance, Nerve Tissue Proteins genetics, Phenotype, Receptors, Nicotinic genetics, Risk Factors, Sociodemographic Factors, Schizophrenia genetics, Tobacco Smoking genetics
- Abstract
Smoking prevalence in schizophrenia is considerably larger than in general population, playing an important role in early mortality. We compared the polygenic contribution to smoking in schizophrenic patients and controls to assess if genetic factors may explain the different prevalence. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for smoking initiation and four genetically correlated traits were calculated in 1108 schizophrenic patients (64.4% smokers) and 1584 controls (31.1% smokers). PRSs for smoking initiation, educational attainment, body mass index and age at first birth were associated with smoking in patients and controls, explaining a similar percentage of variance in both groups. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) PRS was associated with smoking only in schizophrenia. This association remained significant after adjustment by psychiatric cross-disorder PRS. A PRS combining all the traits was more explanative than smoking initiation PRS alone, indicating that genetic susceptibility to the other traits plays an additional role in smoking behaviour. Smoking initiation PRS was also associated with schizophrenia in the whole sample, but the significance was lost after adjustment for smoking status. This same pattern was observed in the analysis of specific SNPs at the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cluster associated with both traits. Overall, the results indicate that the same genetic factors are involved in smoking susceptibility in schizophrenia and in general population and are compatible with smoking acting, directly or indirectly, as a risk factor for schizophrenia that contributes to the high prevalence of smoking in these patients. The contrasting results for ADHD PRS may be related to higher ADHD symptomatology in schizophrenic patients., (© 2021 Society for the Study of Addiction.)
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- 2022
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41. Cognitive functioning throughout adulthood and illness stages in individuals with psychotic disorders and their unaffected siblings.
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Velthorst E, Mollon J, Murray RM, de Haan L, Germeys IM, Glahn DC, Arango C, van der Ven E, Di Forti M, Bernardo M, Guloksuz S, Delespaul P, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Atbaşoğlu C, Saka MC, Üçok A, Alptekin K, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Ulaş H, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Beyaz BC, Soygür H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Maric NP, Mihaljevic MM, Petrovic SA, Mirjanic T, Del-Ben CM, Ferraro L, Gayer-Anderson C, Jones PB, Jongsma HE, Kirkbride JB, La Cascia C, Lasalvia A, Tosato S, Llorca PM, Menezes PR, Morgan C, Quattrone D, Menchetti M, Selten JP, Szöke A, Tarricone I, Tortelli A, McGuire P, Valmaggia L, Kempton MJ, van der Gaag M, Riecher-Rössler A, Bressan RA, Barrantes-Vidal N, Nelson B, McGorry P, Pantelis C, Krebs MO, Ruhrmann S, Sachs G, Rutten BPF, van Os J, Alizadeh BZ, van Amelsvoort T, Bartels-Velthuis AA, Bruggeman R, van Beveren NJ, Luykx JJ, Cahn W, Simons CJP, Kahn RS, Schirmbeck F, van Winkel R, and Reichenberg A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychotic Disorders, Siblings
- Abstract
Important questions remain about the profile of cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders across adulthood and illness stages. The age-associated profile of familial impairments also remains unclear, as well as the effect of factors, such as symptoms, functioning, and medication. Using cross-sectional data from the EU-GEI and GROUP studies, comprising 8455 participants aged 18 to 65, we examined cognitive functioning across adulthood in patients with psychotic disorders (n = 2883), and their unaffected siblings (n = 2271), compared to controls (n = 3301). An abbreviated WAIS-III measured verbal knowledge, working memory, visuospatial processing, processing speed, and IQ. Patients showed medium to large deficits across all functions (ES range = -0.45 to -0.73, p < 0.001), while siblings showed small deficits on IQ, verbal knowledge, and working memory (ES = -0.14 to -0.33, p < 0.001). Magnitude of impairment was not associated with participant age, such that the size of impairment in older and younger patients did not significantly differ. However, first-episode patients performed worse than prodromal patients (ES range = -0.88 to -0.60, p < 0.001). Adjusting for cannabis use, symptom severity, and global functioning attenuated impairments in siblings, while deficits in patients remained statistically significant, albeit reduced by half (ES range = -0.13 to -0.38, p < 0.01). Antipsychotic medication also accounted for around half of the impairment in patients (ES range = -0.21 to -0.43, p < 0.01). Deficits in verbal knowledge, and working memory may specifically index familial, i.e., shared genetic and/or shared environmental, liability for psychotic disorders. Nevertheless, potentially modifiable illness-related factors account for a significant portion of the cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2021
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42. Characterisation of the clinical phenotype in Phelan-McDermid syndrome.
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Burdeus-Olavarrieta M, San José-Cáceres A, García-Alcón A, González-Peñas J, Hernández-Jusdado P, and Parellada-Redondo M
- Subjects
- Child, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22, Female, Humans, Phenotype, Autism Spectrum Disorder complications, Autism Spectrum Disorder genetics, Chromosome Disorders complications, Chromosome Disorders diagnosis, Chromosome Disorders genetics
- Abstract
Background: Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic disorder compromising the 22q13 terminal region and affecting SHANK3, a gene crucial to the neurobehavioural phenotype and strongly linked to autism (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). The condition is characterised by global developmental delay, ID, speech impairments, hypotonia and autistic behaviours, although its presentation and symptom severity vary widely. In this study, we provide a thorough description of the behavioural profile in PMS and explore differences related to deletion size and language ability., Methods: We used standard clinical assessment instruments to measure altered behaviour, adaptive skills and autistic symptomatology in sixty participants with PMS (30 females, median age 8.5 years, SD=7.1). We recorded background information and other clinical manifestations and explored associations with deletion size. We performed descriptive and inferential analyses for group comparison., Results: We found delayed gross and fine motor development, delayed and impaired language (~70% of participants non or minimally verbal), ID of different degrees and adaptive functioning ranging from severe to borderline impairment. Approximately 40% of participants experienced developmental regression, and half of those regained skills. Autistic symptoms were frequent and variable in severity, with a median ADOS-2 CSS score of 6 for every domain. Sensory processing anomalies, hyperactivity, attentional problems and medical comorbidities were commonplace. The degree of language and motor development appeared to be associated with deletion size., Conclusions: This study adds to previous research on the clinical descriptions of PMS and supports results suggesting wide variability of symptom severity and its association with deletion size. It makes the case for suitable psychotherapeutic and pharmacological approaches, for longitudinal studies to strengthen our understanding of possible clinical courses and for more precise genomic analysis., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
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- 2021
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43. Examining the association between exposome score for schizophrenia and functioning in schizophrenia, siblings, and healthy controls: Results from the EUGEI study.
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Erzin G, Pries LK, van Os J, Fusar-Poli L, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Andric-Petrovic S, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Arango C, O'Donovan MC, Rutten BPF, and Guloksuz S
- Subjects
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Siblings, Exposome, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia genetics
- Abstract
Background: A cumulative environmental exposure score for schizophrenia (exposome score for schizophrenia [ES-SCZ]) may provide potential utility for risk stratification and outcome prediction. Here, we investigated whether ES-SCZ was associated with functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, unaffected siblings, and healthy controls., Methods: This cross-sectional sample consisted of 1,261 patients, 1,282 unaffected siblings, and 1,525 healthy controls. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale was used to assess functioning. ES-SCZ was calculated based on our previously validated method. The association between ES-SCZ and the GAF dimensions (symptom and disability) was analyzed by applying regression models in each group (patients, siblings, and controls). Additional models included polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) as a covariate., Results: ES-SCZ was associated with the GAF dimensions in patients (symptom: B = -1.53, p-value = 0.001; disability: B = -1.44, p-value = 0.001), siblings (symptom: B = -3.07, p-value < 0.001; disability: B = -2.52, p-value < 0.001), and healthy controls (symptom: B = -1.50, p-value < 0.001; disability: B = -1.31, p-value < 0.001). The results remained the same after adjusting for PRS-SCZ. The degree of associations of ES-SCZ with both symptom and disability dimensions were higher in unaffected siblings than in patients and controls. By analyzing an independent dataset (the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis study), we replicated the results observed in the patient group., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ES-SCZ shows promise for enhancing risk prediction and stratification in research practice. From a clinical perspective, ES-SCZ may aid in efforts of clinical characterization, operationalizing transdiagnostic clinical staging models, and personalizing clinical management.
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- 2021
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44. Replicated evidence that endophenotypic expression of schizophrenia polygenic risk is greater in healthy siblings of patients compared to controls, suggesting gene-environment interaction. The EUGEI study.
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van Os J, Pries LK, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Petrovic SA, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Cabrera B, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Rutten BPF, and Guloksuz S
- Subjects
- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Endophenotypes, Europe, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychotic Disorders psychology, Risk Factors, Schizophrenic Psychology, Young Adult, Gene-Environment Interaction, Multifactorial Inheritance, Psychotic Disorders genetics, Schizophrenia genetics, Siblings
- Abstract
Background: First-degree relatives of patients with psychotic disorder have higher levels of polygenic risk (PRS) for schizophrenia and higher levels of intermediate phenotypes., Methods: We conducted, using two different samples for discovery (n = 336 controls and 649 siblings of patients with psychotic disorder) and replication (n = 1208 controls and 1106 siblings), an analysis of association between PRS on the one hand and psychopathological and cognitive intermediate phenotypes of schizophrenia on the other in a sample at average genetic risk (healthy controls) and a sample at higher than average risk (healthy siblings of patients). Two subthreshold psychosis phenotypes, as well as a standardised measure of cognitive ability, based on a short version of the WAIS-III short form, were used. In addition, a measure of jumping to conclusion bias (replication sample only) was tested for association with PRS., Results: In both discovery and replication sample, evidence for an association between PRS and subthreshold psychosis phenotypes was observed in the relatives of patients, whereas in the controls no association was observed. Jumping to conclusion bias was similarly only associated with PRS in the sibling group. Cognitive ability was weakly negatively and non-significantly associated with PRS in both the sibling and the control group., Conclusions: The degree of endophenotypic expression of schizophrenia polygenic risk depends on having a sibling with psychotic disorder, suggestive of underlying gene-environment interaction. Cognitive biases may better index genetic risk of disorder than traditional measures of neurocognition, which instead may reflect the population distribution of cognitive ability impacting the prognosis of psychotic disorder.
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- 2020
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45. Psychiatric comorbidities in Asperger syndrome are related with polygenic overlap and differ from other Autism subtypes.
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González-Peñas J, Costas JC, García-Alcón A, Penzol MJ, Rodríguez J, Rodríguez-Fontenla C, Alonso-González A, Fernández-Prieto M, Carracedo Á, Arango C, and Parellada M
- Subjects
- Child, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Multifactorial Inheritance, Asperger Syndrome epidemiology, Asperger Syndrome genetics, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity genetics, Autism Spectrum Disorder epidemiology, Autism Spectrum Disorder genetics, Autistic Disorder epidemiology, Autistic Disorder genetics
- Abstract
There is great phenotypic heterogeneity within autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which has led to question their classification into a single diagnostic category. The study of the common genetic variation in ASD has suggested a greater contribution of other psychiatric conditions in Asperger syndrome (AS) than in the rest of the DSM-IV ASD subtypes (Non_AS). Here, using available genetic data from previously performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we aimed to study the genetic overlap between five of the most related disorders (schizophrenia (SCZ), major depression disorder (MDD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) and anxiety (ANX)), and AS, comparing it with the overlap in Non_AS subtypes. A Spanish cohort of autism trios (N = 371) was exome sequenced as part of the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) and 241 trios were extensively characterized to be diagnosed with AS following DSM-IV and Gillberg's criteria (N = 39) or not (N = 202). Following exome imputation, polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated for ASD, SCZ, ADHD, MDD, ANX, and OCD (from available summary data from Psychiatric Genomic Consortium (PGC) repository) in the Spanish trios' cohort. By using polygenic transmission disequilibrium test (pTDT), we reported that risk for SCZ (P
scz = 0.008, corrected-PSCZ = 0.0409), ADHD (PADHD = 0.021, corrected-PADHD = 0.0301), and MDD (PMDD = 0.039, corrected-PMDD = 0.0501) is over-transmitted to children with AS but not to Non_AS. Indeed, agnostic clustering procedure with deviation values from pTDT tests suggested two differentiated clusters of subjects, one of which is significantly enriched in AS (P = 0.025). Subsequent analysis with S-Predixcan, a recently developed software to predict gene expression from genotype data, revealed a clear pattern of correlation between cortical gene expression in ADHD and AS (P < 0.001) and a similar strong correlation pattern between MDD and AS, but also extendable to another non-brain tissue such as lung (P < 0.001). Altogether, these results support the idea of AS being qualitatively distinct from Non_AS autism and consistently evidence the genetic overlap between AS and ADHD, MDD, or SCZ.- Published
- 2020
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46. Examining Gene-Environment Interactions Using Aggregate Scores in a First-Episode Psychosis Cohort.
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Mas S, Boloc D, Rodríguez N, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Cuesta MJ, González-Peñas J, García-Alcón A, Lobo A, González-Pinto A, Corripio I, Vieta E, Castro-Fornieles J, Mané A, Saiz-Ruiz J, Gassó P, Bioque M, and Bernardo M
- Subjects
- Adult, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Risk, Young Adult, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Psychotic Disorders etiology, Psychotic Disorders genetics
- Abstract
Gene-environment (GxE) interactions have been related to psychosis spectrum disorders, involving multiple common genetic variants in multiple genes with very small effect sizes, and several environmental factors that constitute a dense network of exposures named the exposome. Here, we aimed to analyze GxE in a cohort of 310 first-episode psychotic (FEP) and 236 healthy controls, by using aggregate scores estimated in large populations such as the polygenic risk score for schizophrenia and (PRS-SCZ) and the Maudsley environmental risk score (ERS). In contrast to previous findings, in our study, the PRS-SCZ did not discriminate cases from controls, but the ERS score explained a similar percentage of the variance as in other studies using similar approaches. Our study supports a positive additive interaction, indicating synergy between genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ dichotomized according to the highest quartile distribution of the control population) and the exposome (ERS > 75% of the controls). This additive interaction showed genetic and environmental dose dependence. Our study shows that the use of aggregate scores derived from large and powered studies instead of statistics derived from specific sample characteristics is a powerful tool for the study of the effects of GxE on the risk of psychotic spectrum disorders. In conclusion, by using a genetic risk score and an ERS we have provided further evidence for the role of GxE in psychosis., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
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47. De novo mutations identified by exome sequencing implicate rare missense variants in SLC6A1 in schizophrenia.
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Rees E, Han J, Morgan J, Carrera N, Escott-Price V, Pocklington AJ, Duffield M, Hall LS, Legge SE, Pardiñas AF, Richards AL, Roth J, Lezheiko T, Kondratyev N, Kaleda V, Golimbet V, Parellada M, González-Peñas J, Arango C, Gawlik M, Kirov G, Walters JTR, Holmans P, O'Donovan MC, and Owen MJ
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Mutation, Missense, Exome Sequencing, GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Schizophrenia genetics
- Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly polygenic disorder with important contributions from both common and rare risk alleles. We analyzed exome sequencing data for de novo variants (DNVs) in a new sample of 613 schizophrenia trios and combined this with published data to give a total of 3,444 trios. In this new data, loss-of-function (LoF) DNVs were significantly enriched among 3,471 LoF-intolerant genes, which supports previous findings. In the full dataset, genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 159) were significantly enriched for LoF DNVs. Within these neurodevelopmental disorder genes, SLC6A1, which encodes a γ-aminobutyric acid transporter, was associated with missense-damaging DNVs. In 1,122 trios for which genome-wide common variant data were available, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder polygenic risk were significantly overtransmitted to probands. Probands carrying LoF or deletion DNVs in LoF-intolerant or neurodevelopmental disorder genes had significantly less overtransmission of schizophrenia polygenic risk than did non-carriers, which provides a second robust line of evidence that these DNVs increase liability to schizophrenia.
- Published
- 2020
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48. White Noise Speech Illusions: A Trait-Dependent Risk Marker for Psychotic Disorder?
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Schepers E, Lousberg R, Guloksuz S, Pries LK, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Şahin Cankurtaran E, Ulusoy Kaymak S, Mihaljevic MM, Andric Petrovic S, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Cabrera B, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Luis Santos J, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Can Saka M, Arango C, Rutten BPF, and van Os J
- Abstract
Introduction: White noise speech illusions index liability for psychotic disorder in case-control comparisons. In the current study, we examined i) the rate of white noise speech illusions in siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and ii) to what degree this rate would be contingent on exposure to known environmental risk factors (childhood adversity and recent life events) and level of known endophenotypic dimensions of psychotic disorder [psychotic experiences assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale and cognitive ability]. Methods: The white noise task was used as an experimental paradigm to elicit and measure speech illusions in 1,014 patients with psychotic disorders, 1,157 siblings, and 1,507 healthy participants. We examined associations between speech illusions and increasing familial risk (control -> sibling -> patient), modeled as both a linear and a categorical effect, and associations between speech illusions and level of childhood adversities and life events as well as with CAPE scores and cognitive ability scores. Results: While a positive association was found between white noise speech illusions across hypothesized increasing levels of familial risk (controls -> siblings -> patients) [odds ratio (OR) linear 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.21, p = 0.019], there was no evidence for a categorical association with sibling status (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79-1.09, p = 0.360). The association between speech illusions and linear familial risk was greater if scores on the CAPE positive scale were higher ( p interaction = 0.003; OR
low CAPE positive scale 0.96, 95% CI 0.85-1.07; ORhigh CAPE positive scale 1.26, 95% CI 1.09-1.46); cognitive ability was lower ( p interaction < 0.001; ORhigh cognitive ability 0.94, 95% CI 0.84-1.05; ORlow cognitive ability 1.43, 95% CI 1.23-1.68); and exposure to childhood adversity was higher ( p interaction < 0.001; ORlow adversity 0.92, 95% CI 0.82-1.04; ORhigh adversity 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52). A similar, although less marked, pattern was seen for categorical patient-control and sibling-control comparisons. Exposure to recent life events did not modify the association between white noise and familial risk ( p interaction = 0.232). Conclusion: The association between white noise speech illusions and familial risk is contingent on additional evidence of endophenotypic expression and of exposure to childhood adversity. Therefore, speech illusions may represent a trait-dependent risk marker., (Copyright © 2019 Schepers, Lousberg, Guloksuz, Pries, Delespaul, Kenis, Luykx, Lin, Richards, Akdede, Binbay, Altınyazar, Yalınçetin, Gümüş-Akay, Cihan, Soygür, Ulaş, Şahin Cankurtaran, Ulusoy Kaymak, Mihaljevic, Andric Petrovic, Mirjanic, Bernardo, Cabrera, Bobes, Saiz, García-Portilla, Sanjuan, Aguilar, Luis Santos, Jiménez-López, Arrojo, Carracedo, López, González-Peñas, Parellada, Maric, Atbaşoğlu, Ucok, Alptekin, Can Saka, Arango, Rutten and van Os.)- Published
- 2019
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49. Estimating Exposome Score for Schizophrenia Using Predictive Modeling Approach in Two Independent Samples: The Results From the EUGEI Study.
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Pries LK, Lage-Castellanos A, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altinyazar V, Yalinçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Petrovic SA, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Cabrera B, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Rutten BPF, van Os J, and Guloksuz S
- Subjects
- Adult, Adverse Childhood Experiences statistics & numerical data, Area Under Curve, Bayes Theorem, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Machine Learning, Male, Models, Statistical, Odds Ratio, ROC Curve, Seasons, Young Adult, Bullying statistics & numerical data, Child Abuse statistics & numerical data, Exposome, Hearing Loss epidemiology, Marijuana Use epidemiology, Schizophrenia epidemiology, Siblings
- Abstract
Exposures constitute a dense network of the environment: exposome. Here, we argue for embracing the exposome paradigm to investigate the sum of nongenetic "risk" and show how predictive modeling approaches can be used to construct an exposome score (ES; an aggregated score of exposures) for schizophrenia. The training dataset consisted of patients with schizophrenia and controls, whereas the independent validation dataset consisted of patients, their unaffected siblings, and controls. Binary exposures were cannabis use, hearing impairment, winter birth, bullying, and emotional, physical, and sexual abuse along with physical and emotional neglect. We applied logistic regression (LR), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and Ridge penalized classification models to the training dataset. ESs, the sum of weighted exposures based on coefficients from each model, were calculated in the validation dataset. In addition, we estimated ES based on meta-analyses and a simple sum score of exposures. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic, and Nagelkerke's R2 were compared. The ESMeta-analyses performed the worst, whereas the sum score and the ESGNB were worse than the ESLR that performed similar to the ESLASSO and ESRIDGE. The ESLR distinguished patients from controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, P < .001), patients from siblings (OR = 1.58, P < .001), and siblings from controls (OR = 1.21, P = .001). An increase in ESLR was associated with a gradient increase of schizophrenia risk. In reference to the remaining fractions, the ESLR at top 30%, 20%, and 10% of the control distribution yielded ORs of 3.72, 3.74, and 4.77, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that predictive modeling approaches can be harnessed to evaluate the exposome., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2019
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50. Examining the independent and joint effects of molecular genetic liability and environmental exposures in schizophrenia: results from the EUGEI study.
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Guloksuz S, Pries LK, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran E, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Petrovic SA, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Cabrera B, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşog Lu C, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Rutten BPF, and van Os J
- Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heritable complex phenotype associated with a background risk involving multiple common genetic variants of small effect and a multitude of environmental exposures. Early twin and family studies using proxy-genetic liability measures suggest gene-environment interaction in the etiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but the molecular evidence is scarce. Here, by analyzing the main and joint associations of polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) and environmental exposures in 1,699 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 1,542 unrelated controls with no lifetime history of a diagnosis of those disorders, we provide further evidence for gene-environment interaction in schizophrenia. Evidence was found for additive interaction of molecular genetic risk state for schizophrenia (binary mode of PRS-SCZ above 75% of the control distribution) with the presence of lifetime regular cannabis use and exposure to early-life adversities (sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and bullying), but not with the presence of hearing impairment, season of birth (winter birth), and exposure to physical abuse or physical neglect in childhood. The sensitivity analyses replacing the a priori PRS-SCZ at 75% with alternative cut-points (50% and 25%) confirmed the additive interaction. Our results suggest that the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia involves genetic underpinnings that act by making individuals more sensitive to the effects of some environmental exposures., (© 2019 World Psychiatric Association.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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