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On behalf of the Spanish EOCRC group and the European study of EOCRC group (EUREOC).

Fundamento: La enfermedad ósea de Paget (EOP) es un trastorno focal del hueso con aumento el número, tamaño y actividad de los osteoclastos. Algunos datos epidemiológicos apoyan la teoría de su relación con agentes ambientales tóxicos o infecciosos. Su interacción con algunas alteraciones genéticas predisponentes conducirían a la EOP. Las glutatión-S-transferasas (GST) intervienen en la metabolización de toxinas, al catalizar el ataque nucleofílico del sustrato fisiológico, glutatión reducido o GSH (g-Glu-Cys-Gly) sobre el centro electrófilo de un gran número de estructuras tóxicas. Estudiamos si la variabilidad de los genes GSTM1, GSTP1 y GSTT1 se relaciona con el riesgo a desarrollar EOP. Pacientes y métodos: Analizamos a 148 pacientes diagnosticados de EOP y a 207 individuos controles pareados en sexo y edad sin antecedentes de alteraciones óseas. Con DNA genómico obtenido de sangre periférica se estudió la presencia-ausencia de deleción en los genes GSTM1 y GSTT1, mediante PCR multiplex. El estudio del polimorfismo Ile105Val del gen GSTP1 se llevó a cabo mediante PCR y posterior digestión con la enzima de restricción BsmaI. Se analizó la distribución de genotipos mediante el test chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Cuando se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, realizamos una regresión logística multivariante para conocer el riesgo que puede generar la presencia de un determinado genotipo. Utilizamos el programa SPSS 21.0. Se consideraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas aquéllas con valores de p

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License., [Background]: Neuregulins are a family of signalling proteins that orchestrate a broad range of cellular responses. Four genes encoding Neuregulins 1-4 have been identified so far in vertebrates. Among them, Neuregulin 1 and Neuregulin 3 have been reported to contribute to an increased risk for developing schizophrenia. We hypothesized that three specific variants of these genes (rs6994992 and rs3924999 for Neuregulin 1 and rs10748842 for Neuregulin 3) that have been related to this illness may modify information processing capacity in the cortex, which would be reflected in electrophysiological parameters (P3b amplitude or gamma noise power) and/or cognitive performance. [Methods]: We obtained DNA from 31 patients with schizophrenia and 23 healthy controls and analyzed NRG1 rs6994992, NRG1 rs3924999 and NRG3 rs10748842 promoter polymorphisms by allelic discrimination with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We compared cognitive outcome, P300 amplitude parameters and an electroencephalographic measure of noise power in the gamma band between the groups dichotomized according to genotype. [Results]: Contrary to our hypothesis, we could not detect any significant influence of variation in Neuregulin 1/Neuregulin 3 polymorphisms on cognitive performance or electrophysiological parameters of patients with schizophrenia. [Conclusions]: Despite our findings, we cannot discard that other genetic variants and, more likely, interactions between those variants and with genetic variation related to different pathways may still influence cerebral processing in schizophrenia., Funding for this study was provided by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III Grants 080017 and 1102203 to VM, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León GRS 249/A/08 and 613/A/11, a postdoctoral Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7th European Commission Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (330156-CODIP) to ÁD, a predoctoral research grant from the Consejería de Educación - Junta de Castilla y León and the European Social Fund to ÁD (EDU/1486/2008) and CC (EDU/1064/2009), a predoctoral scholarship from the University of Salamanca and Santander Bank to VS, and the FIS Grant PI 1000219 to RG.

Early-onset diagnosis is an eligibility criterion for BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) testing in sporadic breast cancer patients. Limited family structure has been proposed as a predictor of BRCA mutation status in this group of patients. An overwhelming amount of data supports a strong association between BRCA1 mutations and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we analyze the feasibility of using limited family structure and TNBC as predictors of BRCA mutation status in early-onset breast cancer patients attending genetic counseling units. We have conducted the study in a cohort of sporadic early-onset (=35 years) breast cancer patients (N = 341) previously selected for BRCA genetic testing in Academic Hereditary Cancer Clinics from Spain. A retrospective review of medical records available at the time of risk assessment allowed us classifying patients according to family structure and TNBC. In addition, BRCAPRO score was calculated for all patients. Association between categorical variables was investigated using the Fisher's exact test. Binary Logistic Regression Analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Limited family structure (OR 3.61, p = 0.013) and TNBC (OR 3.14, p = 0.013) were independent predictors of BRCA mutation status. Mutation prevalence in the subgroup of patients with at least one positive predictor was 14%, whereas it dropped to 3% in non-TNBCs with adequate family history (OR 5.31, 95% CI 1.38-23.89, p = 0.006). BRCAPRO correctly discerned between limited and adequate family structures. Limited family structure and TNBC are feasible predictors of BRCA mutation status in sporadic early-onset (=35 years) breast cancer patients attending genetic counseling units. The low prevalence of mutations observed in non-TNBCs with adequate family structure suggests that this subgroup of patients might be excluded from genetic testing.