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11 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables.-- This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Global warming is expected to have inexorable and profound effects on marine ecosystems, particularly in foundation species such as seagrasses. Identifying responses to warming and comparing populations across natural temperature gradients can inform how future warming will impact the structure and function of ecosystems. Here, we investigated how thermal environment, intra-shoot and spatial variability modulate biochemical responses of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Through a space-for-time substitution study, Fatty acid (FA) profiles on the second and fifth leaf of the shoots were quantified at eight sites in Sardinia along a natural sea surface temperature (SST) summer gradient (about 4 °C). Higher mean SST were related to a decrease in the leaf total fatty acid content (LTFA), a reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3/omega-6 PUFA and PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratios and an increase in SFA, monounsaturated fatty acids and carbon elongation index (CEI, C18:2 n-6/C16:2 n-6) ratio. Results also revealed that FA profiles were strongly influenced by leaf age, independently of SST and spatial variability within sites. Overall, this study evidenced that the sensitive response of P. oceanica FA profiles to intra-shoot and spatial variability must not be overlooked when considering their response to temperature changes, This study has been funded by Italian Ministry of Education and Research PRIN 2017 (MHHWBN) “Marine Habitats restoration in a climate change-impaired Mediterranean Sea (MAHRES)”

Poster.-- XXVI Encontro Galego Portugués de Químlca, 16-18 de noviembre de 2022, Santiago de Compostela, Como resultado de la comercialización de las especies marinas se genera una cantidad importante de desechos (cabezas, vísceras, sangre, piel, etc.) que son portadores de constituyentes susceptibles de ser utilizados en nutrición, farmacia y cosmética [1,2]. Entre estos constituyentes ha cobrado un interés especial la fracción de lípidos polares debido a su biodisponibilidad, propiedades protectoras y posibilidad de actuar como agentes vehiculares [3]. Asimismo, asistimos en las últimas décadas a un crecimiento importante en el uso de técnicas de extracción de lípidos que reduzcan el grado de contaminación ambiental. Una de estas técnicas es la que emplea disolventes de tipo GRAS (generally recognised as safe) al objeto de reemplazar el uso de disolventes agresivos con el medio ambiente [4]. Este estudio se centró en la obtención de lípidos polares a partir del paquete visceral resultante de la comercialización de pulpo común (Octopus vulgaris). Esta especia constituye un alimento altamente nutritivo y muy apreciado popularmente, comercializado tanto a nivel artesano como industrial [5]. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio comparativo de la extracción de lípidos totales y fosfolípidos mediante distintas combinaciones de disolventes de tipo GRAS (etanol, EtOH; acetato de etilo, AcOEt; EtOH/AcOEt, 50/50; EtOH/acetona, 50/50). Asimismo, se estudiaron por separado y de forma comparativa los paquetes viscerales grandes (275-325 g) y pequeños (125-150 g). Los resultados fueron comparados con los obtenidos mediante la extracción tradicional empleando una mezcla cloroformo/metanol (1/1). Como resultado, los sistemas extractores de tipo GRAS reflejaron una recuperabilidad incluida en los rangos 52-63% (vísceras de gran tamaño) y 38-56% (vísceras de pequeño tamaño) al ser comparados con la extracción tradicional. Es de destacar que los valores superiores, en ambos tipos de vísceras, fueron obtenidos mediante uso del sistema EtOH/AcOEt. En lo que respecta a la obtención de fosfolípidos, la comparativa con el método tradicional de extracción indicó valores muy bajos para el sistema AcOEt en ambos tipos de vísceras. Sin embargo, el resto de los sistemas extractores ensayados llevaron a valores incluidos en los rangos 74-86% (vísceras grandes) y 67-75% (vísceras pequeñas}. Se concluye el interés en la optimización de la extracción de lípidos polares (fosfolípidos) a partir de desechos comerciales de pulpo mediante el empleo de sistemas disolventes alternativos que sean más respetuosos con el medio ambiente, Este trabajo fue financiado por MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE a través del proyecto RTl2018-095659-B-I00 (2019-2022)

Poster.-- 17th GERLI Lipidomics meeting entitled LIPIDS: From Membrane Dynamics to Signaling, November 6-9 2022, Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, France, New evidence shows the strong link between an adequate dietary intake, nutritional status and brain health. In this field, dietary fat seems to be determinant to accelerate the risk for ‘cognitive decline’ or ‘impairment’ concomitant to aging-associated disorders. The dietary prevention arises as a concept for a healthy aging in an attempt to improve our body’s ability to fight aged brain. In this field, dietary lipids influence multiple brain processes and are critical for understanding the complex axis diet-brain-healthy aging. Bioavailability of brain lipids and their bioactive lipid mediators together to changes in membrane fluidity of brain cells during aging, due to age-associated cholesterol reduction, play a key role in the decay of synaptic plasticity and cognition. On these bases, this work aims to illustrate the effect of diet manipulation in fat content for preserving brain health. For that, the effect of increased unsaturation of dietary fats on lipid homeostasis of pecific brain regions is addressed. The selectivity of dietary lipids for specific brain regions which are the targets of different neurodegenerative diseases, is one of the most fascinating mysteries in nutrition and mental health. The work follows up a cohort of aged rodents fed with oils having increasing unsaturation rates during six months. The results revealed the selective dietary effects to prevent the reduction of cholesterol and plasmalogens of specific brain regions. Lipid mediators profiling of both, brain cortex and cerebellum, demonstrated the adverse effects of highly saturated diets, addressing pro-inflammatory phenotypes linked to an increment of lipid oxidation. Moreover, cerebellum characterized by higher PUFA content, was the major target of oxidative stress. The link with the metabolic state of peripheral organs is discussed. Results stress the relevance of the manipulation of lifestyle factors such as dietary interventions to maintain and preserve brain health along lifespan, This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant RTI2018-095659-B-I00) and Xunta de Galicia-GAIN (grant IN 607 B)

Poster.-- Close Encounters IIM (3rd Kind), Vigo, 23 June 2022, The main objective of SUSTAIN FEED is to develop a set of innovative feeds for fish farming able to increase the sustainability, benefits and the consumer’s trust on the whole production process by using ingredients with low CO2 footprint and without competing for other traditional and novel uses, This Project has received funding from the EIT Food under the Horizon 2020/Horizon Europe programme, grant No [21168]

3rd Israel Conference for convervation Science (ICCS),Tel-Aviv, 18-20th October 2022, Famous for its coral reefs, the Gulf of Aqaba also supports extensive seagrass meadows, dominated by Halophila stipulacea. Nutrient loading and warming are considered the biggest threats to seagrass meadows, and their combination can potentially amplify their negative effects. We exposed two seagrass populations with different eutrophication “history” to control (27ºC) and simulated warming (31ºC), with and without nutrients (20 μg DIN). While exposure to only thermal stress favoured growth, eutrophication only reduced Fv/Fm and growth but favoured algae proliferation. Combined effects negatively enhanced seagrass performance with the highest mortality rates observed after four weeks of combined exposure. Negative effects of combined stressors were stronger in populations with low eutrophication “history”. Lipidomic analyses showed stress decreased ratios of fatty acids 16:3n-3/16:2n-6 and 18:3n-3/18:2n-6 with bigger declines in these ratios following exposure to the interaction of both stressors. The GoA’s waters are warming faster than the average of the world’s coastal warming trends. While it might be difficult to directly control the effects of global warming, sources of eutrophication are usually on local scales. For seagrasses to survive climate change, managers must put efforts into limiting other stressors such as eutrophication which would reduce the resilience of meadows to other stressors

Poster.-- Aquaculture Europe 2022, International Conference & Exposition, September 27-30 2022, Rimini, Italy, Plant-derived flours are currently being used as alternative ingredients to fishmeal in aquafeeds. However, most of them are competing for other uses, mainly as food for humans. The cereal industry generates abundant amount of residual byproducts that may represent a source of sustainable and low-cost feedstock for fish feeding, presenting limited competition with human food consumption. In this study, four different by-products derived from the cereal industrial processing has been selected and tested to assess their usefulness as potential alternative ingredients in aquafeeds. With this aim, a generalist formulation was designed in order to check those ingredients in three different European fish species (Atlantic salmon, gilthead seabream and greater amberjack). Therefore, the feed formulation was not customized for any of the targeted species. The present report shows the experiments carried out with greater amberjack (Serio/a dumerili), Project SUSTAINFEED, EIT Food 21168, Co-funded by the European Union

Poster.--3rd EpiLipidNET Action Meeting and The Young Researchers and Innovators Workshop, 21-23 September 2022, Aveiro, Portugal, Growing evidences have shown that among the different genetic and environmental factors associated to biological aging, chronological age, and aging-associated disorders, diet plays a critical role. In this field, recent evidences demonstrate that dietary fat lead both metabolic diseases and risk for development of ‘cognitive decline’ or ‘cognitive impairment’. In particular, lipid metabolism modulates neuronal function and may signal nutrient status to influence metabolism in key peripherical tissues as liver. Especially, dietary fatty acids, as they act as signaling molecules responsible for inflammatory processes. But, even if clinical and epidemiological studies revealed that metabolic diseases and brain disorders might be related, the underlying pathology is multifactorial, making it hard to determine causal link. Common denominators of these metabolic and cognitive disorders are the oxidative imbalance and inflammatory response. On these bases, this work aims to study the effect of saturated and unsaturated dietary fats on the lipidomic and epilipidomic signatures of specific brain regions of animal models. Results demonstrated that the consumption of high saturated fat provokes a pro-inflammatory phenotype linked to an increase of lipid oxidation in brain cortex and cerebellum of rodents. Moreover, the consumption of saturated diets lead a high oxidative stress sited in specific brain regions, demonstrating that cerebellum characterized by a major unsaturated fatty acid proportion, is a major target of oxidative stress lead by unhealthy diets. A noteworthy result is that the dietary fat supplementation during four months lead to specific inflammatory phenotypes which can be counteracted by marine lipids having high contents of EPA and DHA. Therefore, increased dietary lipid unsaturation resulted in a significant inhibition of the state of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in brain regions associated to the consumption of unhealthy diets. These positive effects have been attributed to a modulation of the redox homeostasis through the induction of a general antioxidant state and the specific formation of resolving lipid mediators. The link with the metabolic general state of peripheral organs is also discussed, This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant RTI2018-095659-B-I00) and NextGenerationEU Project NAG2102009 (PTI+ NEURO-AGING)

Poster.-- XXIII Congreso Chileno de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos SOCHITAL, 20-22 de Octubre de 2021, online, Como resultado de la comercialización de las especies marinas se genera una cantidad importante de desechos que son portadores de constituyentes susceptibles de ser utilizados en nutrición, farmacia y cosmética. Entre estos constituyentes ha cobrado un interés especial la fracción de lípidos polares debido a su biodisponibilidad, propiedades protectoras y posibilidad de actuar como agentes vehiculares. Asimismo, asistimos en las últimas décadas a un crecimiento importante en el uso de técnicas de extracción de lípidos responsables con el medio ambiente. Una de estas técnicas es la que emplea disolventes de tipo GRAS (generally recognised as safe). Este estudio se centró en la obtención de lípidos polares a partir de desechos comerciales de chipirón (Doryteuthis gahi) (Figura 1). Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio comparativo de su extracción mediante distintas combinaciones de disolventes de tipo GRAS (etanol, Et; acetona, Act; acetato de etilo, AEt; Et/Act, 50/50; Et/Aet, 50/50). A nivel de rendimiento lipídico, los cinco sistemas GRAS obtuvieron rendimientos incluidos en el rango 0.7-1,5 g/100 g desechos (Figura 2) frente a un valor de 2.7 correspondiente al método químico tradicional (cloroformo/metanol, 1/1; valor teórico). Esto significó un rendimiento para los métodos GRAS de 31-56% frente al método tradicional (Figura 3). Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron mediante el empleo de Et, Et/Act y Et/AEt (47-56% frente al método tradicional). En lo que respecta a la fracción de lípidos polares, la aplicación de los tres medios GRAS mencionados llevó a valores de fosfolípidos (PL) en el intervalo 26-28 g/100 g lípidos (Figura 4), que de forma comparada con la extracción tradicional significó un rendimiento del 85-90% (Figura 5). Se concluye la idoneidad de los sistemas GRAS incluyendo etanol para la obtención de lípidos polares a partir de desechos provenientes de chipirón, llegándose a un rendimiento alrededor de 0.4 g PL/100 g desechos o vísceras (Figura 6), El trabajo fue financiado por el Ministerio Ciencia e Innovación (España) a través del proyecto RTl2018-095659-B-I00 (2019-2022)

2nd edition of the Conference Lipids in the Ocean, from 5 to 7 of July 2021, online, The tropical seagrass Halophila stipulacea is a small and fast growing species native to the Red Sea which provides several goods and ecosystems services to adjacent communities such as coral reefs. Increases in seawater temperature and nutrients leve ls due to human activity have emerged as some of the most important threats to marine coastal communities including seagrass ecosystems. Therefore, it is of critical importance to develop sensitive indicators to anticipate potential states of physiological stress or vulnerability of marine primary producers to global change. In this study we aimed at understanding the synergic effects of experimental increases in temperature and nutrient leve ls on two populations of H. stipulacea from the Gulf of Aqava (GOA). Particularly, we examined the potential of biomarkers based on fatty acid (FA) content and composition responses in seagrass leaves as eco-physiological indicator. Our results showed a significant decrease in the ratio 16:3w3/ 16:2w6 and the ratio 18:3w3/ 18:2w6 with increases in temperature and nutrients; a more drastic decline in these ratios was reported under the interaction of both st ressors. The observed FA patterns strongly correlate with photosynthetic efficiency measurements (Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation [PAM]), growth rates and plant mortality. These outcomes demonstrate the capacity of seagrasses to adjust their lipid composition to achieve optimal membrane functionality, indicating the potential use of FA as an eco-physiological indicator of global change conditions. The results also suggest that future warming may negatively affect the lipid nutritional value of seagrasses, which may affect the healthy state of their associated food web

Póster.-- 2nd edition of the Conference Lipids in the Ocean, from 5 to 7 of July 2021 online, The seafood processing industry is dealing with a big challenge as the current exploitation of the aquatic biomass is unsustainable. This is because up to 70% of the aquatic resources end up as side-streams, which, in best cases, are used for low-value purposes and, in worse ones, are wasted. Demonstrating that side-streams can be raw material of high-value products for human consumption and aimed to promote health could help facing the problem. Thus, our research is aimed to the valorization of side-streams from the cephalopod processing industry. These products can contain healthy oils since they have a high percentage of ω-3 PUFAs, mainly EPA and DHA, which have demonstrated to improve human health, specially through their cardiovascular benefits and role in the resolution of inflammation processes. Moreover, these PUFAs are mainly present in the form of ω-3 phospholipids in those oils, that result in higher biodisponibility than ω-3 PUFA in the form of triglycerides present in fish oil. To reach this achievement, side-streams (gonads and digestive glands) from different cephalopod species (octopus and squids) from processing industry were used as oil source products. Then, oils were extracted and concentrated by an optimized and scalable extraction process. Polar oils profiles were further characterized by HPTLC and the PUFAs composition of each oil were determined by GC/FID. Lipid profiles of each oil were analyzed and compared to other high-value marine polar oils, as krill oil, in terms of healthy potential, mainly antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. Our investigation will contribute in the valorization of side-streams from cephalopod processing industry demonstrating that are an important and profitable source of high-value ω-3 PUFAs oils for human consumption, which will also assist in reducing the total amount of biological waste and make the exploitation of the aquatic biomass more sustainable

7th International Caparica Conference on Analytical Proteomics, 12 - 15 July 2021

7 pages, 2 figures, La gran diversidad química y biológica observada en las especies marinas las hace especialmente atractivas como fuente de constituyentes de alto valor al objeto de ser empleadas en numerosas aplicaciones (Blanco y otros, 2007). Entre tales constituyentes se pueden citar proteínas de alto valor nutritivo y de gran digestibilidad, vitaminas liposolubles, minerales esenciales y ácidos grasos altamente insaturados (Tilami y Sampels, 2018). En concreto, los lípidos marinos son a día de hoy un objetivo de gran importancia debido a su alto contenido en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI) de la serie w3, los cuales, han demostrado un papel positivo relevante en la lucha contra determinadas enfermedades humanas (Minihane y otros, 2016; Schunck y otros, 2018)

Póster.-- 2nd edition of the Conference Lipids in the Ocean, from 5 to 7 of July 2021, online, Marine by-products constitute a main concern for current fishery management policies and legislations and represent a significant source of valuable bioactlve compounds. The current study was focused on the oil extraction from viscera components resulting from the commercialisation of Argentine shortfin squid (llltx argtnUnus), a highly important economic resource for global fisheries. An eco-friendly extraction methodology was applied, this consisting of a wet pressing method including a partlal drying step, centrifugation and oil collection at the top layer. In order to maximise the oil yield and the nutritional value (content on docosahexaenolc and eicosapentaenoic acids, DHA and EPA), and minimise the oil oxidation degree, a response surface methodology design was developed focused on the drying conditions (4S-85 ºC, 30-90 mln), As a result, an Increase or drying time and temperature provided an increase of the lipid yield recovery from viscera; thus, the strongest drying conditions showed an 85% value when compared with the lipid recovery by the traditional chemical method. Meantime, DHA and EPA contents In oil revealed a low dependence on drying conditions, leading to 12-14 and 21-24% In total fatty acids, respectively. Levels of peroxides and conjugated dienes did not show extensive differences by comparing oils obtained from the different drying conditions; however, the polyene index led to a slight decrease when increasing the treatment strength. The optimisation study revealed the need for employing moderate drying conditions to obtain a low-level oxidised oil while attaining high oil yields including nutritionally-valued w3 fatty acids

Póster.-- VIII Congreso ibérico de Ictiología, realizado telemáticamente del 15 al 19 junio 2020, Aquaculture represents a valid alternative to wild captured seahorses but ex-situ production still needs to face several biological and technical challenges (Cohen et al., 2016; Planas et al., 2017). Low spawning quality and juvenile survival rates are the most critical factors for optimizing commercial seahorse production. Reproduction represents a key aspect in breeding success, and broodstock nutrition is one of the most important factors in reproductive achievements. Even though the growth of adult Hippocampus guttulatus fed on Artemia may be satisfactory, mysidaceans have been considered an excellent prey for the on-growing and breeding of some seahorse species (e.g. H. abdominalis and H. hippocampus) (Olivotto et al., 2011). In this study, we assessed the effects of Artemia and mysidaceans in newborn. We addressed the following questions: (1) How experimental diets are reflected in general features and biochemical composition of H. guttulatus newborn?, (2) Do mixed diets perform better than monospecific diets?, and (3) Does H. guttulatus follow a mixed income-capital breeding strategy? The main objectives of the study were (1) to propose a breeder’s diet enhancing reproduction performance in the species, and (2) to ascertain when and how long the diet should be administered to take effect, Study funded by project CGL2015-68110-R (MINECO, Spain)

3rd International Symposium on Lipid Oxidation and Antioxidants, 23-24 November 2020, online

3rd International Symposium on Lipid Oxidation and Antioxidants, 23-24 November 2020, online

Poster.-- 3rd International Symposium on Lipid Oxidation and Antioxidants, 23 –24 November 2020, Web Meeting, Marine species are known to provide high contents of important constituents for the human diet. Among them, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) belonging to the ω3 series (i.e., eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids; EPA and DHA, respectively) have been reported to lead to the inhibition of the development of different kinds of illnesses such as cardiac, circulatory and inflammatory. Interestingly, ω3-PUFA compounds have been signalled to be especially concentrated in marine phospholipid (PL) classes. On the other side, by-products of marine species are body parts that are usually removed to improve quality during the commercialisation process and distribution chain. By-products can include heads, blood, bellies, viscera, skin, etc.Among marine species,cephalopods commercialisation has notably increased in the latest decades, this leading to a high production of by-products, which in turn have originated great environmental inconveniences. As a matter of interest, a great accumulation of PL and ω3-PUFA has been observed in different kinds of cephalopod by-products such as ovary and gonad

Latin American & Caribbean Aquaculture, November 19-22, 2019

Poster.-- Encontros IIM Primeira fase, 12 de decembro de 2019

332 páginas.-- José Ramón Fuertes ... et al., This project aimed to the development of the research and the technology necessary to promote higher added value to fishing activity. This is to be achieved by obtaining profit from a finfish species (“Rockcod”, Patagonotothen spp.) not known to consumers and currently discarded by the EU fishing fleet operating in the South West Atlantic, in order to supply the EU seafood industry with a good quality raw material for human food manufacturing. Use of this species, caught as a by-catch in the existing fisheries targeting hakes and cephalopods, should also increase the profitability of the fleet, contribute to maintaining employment and help to counterbalance the negative effects of fishing activity and discards in the ecosystem. The main scientific-technological objectives and expected achievements were the following: - Description of the fisheries - Improved knowledge of the biology of the species - Biomass assessment - Estimation of catches and discards - Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the resource. Fishery forecasting and testing - Sensorial, Microbiological, Nutritional and Biochemical Evaluation of Rock cod - Development of the technical modifications on board commercial vessels - Development of new processed products from frozen Rock cod, Contract number Q5CR-2002-71709

4 pages, 3 atbles, 1 figure.-- 34th WEFTA meeting, 12-15 September 2004, Lübeck-Germany, Marine lipids are an important nutritional seafood particularly due to their high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (Ackman, 1989). But, this high content of unsaturated lipids makes fish products very susceptible to loss of quality by development of lipid oxidation. Rancidity is specially faster in species like mackerel (Scomber scombrus) or horse mackerel (Trauchurus trauchurus), in which muscle coexist large amounts of hemoglobin, a well-known activator of lipid oxidation, and of lipids (Richards and Hultin, 2002). The development of rancidity in fish oils, fish oils in water emulsions and frozen fatty minced muscle have been successfully retarded by natural antioxidants obtained from grape byproducts (Vitis vinifera) pomace. A total grape extract and purified fractions containing a wide variety of compounds as flavanol monomers, oligomers (procyanidins) and glycosylated flavonols were tested and their effectiveness was compared with propyl gallate, a synthetic antioxidant. The protection of endogenous antioxidant systems (α−tocopherol, ubiquinone-10, total glutathione) and n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFA) has been also investigated in frozen minced muscle, The authors acknowledge financial support for Xunta de Galicia (PGIDTOOAGR20901PR) and Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (PPQ2000-0688-C05-05 and –03 and PhD grant for Manuel Pazos)

4 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables.-- 34th WEFTA meeting, 12-15 September 2004, Lübeck-Germany, The fishing grounds of the Patagonian shelf support some of the most important fisheries in the world. Hakes (Merluccius hubbsi and Merlucius australis) and cephalopods (Illex argentinus and Loligo gahi) have been found to be the main commercial species, with important amounts of accompanying species such as Patagonotothen species which are discarded. The genus Patagonotothen has 14 species (P. Ramsayi, P. Guntheri, P. Magellanica,…) in southern South America (Falkland Islands). P. Ramsayi is the most abundant (Ekau, 1982; Norman, 1937; Hart, 1946). Little is known about the biology, ecology, chemical composition and nutritional value of these species. The Craft Project, Proposal N° CRAF-1999-71709, “Promoting higher added value to a finfish species rejected to sea” is aimed to examine various aspects of the biology of these species with a particular emphasis on chemical composition and nutritional value. The aptitude of these species to be onboard processed and frozen stored was also studied, The authors acknowledge financial support for the Craft Project, Proposal, N° CRAF-1999-71709, “Promoting higher added value to a finfish species rejected to sea” from European Community and Xunta de Galicia (Project PGIDIT04PXIC40201PM)

Poster.-- PSE Symposium on Dietary Phytochemicals and Human Health, Salamanca, Spain, April 18-20 2002, Extra virgin olive oil phenolic and polyphenolic compounds have been correlated with the high stability of oils having a key-role in determining oxidation. Lately they have attracted strong interest as natural additives in foods and biological systems since they can be obtained from by-products of the olive oil industry. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are one of the most susceptible substrates to suffer oxidation. They can be found in several biological systems and their oxidation is largely influenced by their physical state. This work is aimed to study the relationship between structure and activity of olive oil phenolics in different biological systems: fish muscle containing high proportions of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish oil-in water emulsions and bulk oils, The authors acknowledge financial support for Xunta de Galicia Proyect PGIDTOOAGR20901PR