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9. International society of sports nutrition position stand: energy drinks and energy shots

Author

Jagim, Andrew R., primary, Harty, Patrick S., additional, Tinsley, Grant M., additional, Kerksick, Chad M., additional, Gonzalez, Adam M., additional, Kreider, Richard B., additional, Arent, Shawn M, additional, Jager, Ralf, additional, Smith-Ryan, Abbie E., additional, Stout, Jeffrey R., additional, Campbell, Bill I., additional, VanDusseldorp, Trisha, additional, and Antonio, Jose, additional

Published
2023
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15. Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate on Repetition Performance During Strength Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author

Vårvik, Fredrik Tonstad, Bjørnsen, Thomas, and Gonzalez, Adam M.

Subjects
RESISTANCE training, ERGOGENIC aids, ENDURANCE sports training, META-analysis, SYSTEMATIC reviews, EXERCISE physiology, DIETARY supplements, AMINO acids, ATHLETIC ability
Abstract

Citrulline malate (CitMal) is a dietary supplement that is suggested to enhance strength training performance. However, there is conflicting evidence on this matter. Thus, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine whether supplementing with CitMal prior to strength training could increase the total number of repetitions performed before reaching voluntary muscular failure. A systematic search was conducted wherein the inclusion criteria were double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in healthy participants that examined the effect of CitMal on repetitions to failure during upper body and lower body resistance exercises. The Hedges's g standardized mean differences (SMD) between the placebo and CitMal trials were calculated and used in a random effect model. Two separate subanalyses were performed for upper body and lower body exercises. Eight studies, including 137 participants who consisted of strength-trained men (n = 101) and women (n = 26) in addition to untrained men (n = 9), fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Across the studies, 14 single-joint and multijoint exercises were performed with an average of 51 ± 23 total repetitions during 5 ± 3 sets per exercise at ∼70% of one-repetition maximum. Supplementing with 6–8 g of CitMal 40–60 min before exercise increased repetitions by 3 ± 5 (6.4 ± 7.9%) compared with placebo (p =.022) with a small SMD (0.196). The subanalysis for the lower body resulted in a tendency for an effect of the supplement (8.1 ± 8.4%, SMD: 0.27, p =.051) with no significant effect for the upper body (5.7 ± 8.4%, SMD: 0.16, p =.131). The current analysis observed a small ergogenic effect of CitMal compared with placebo. Acute CitMal supplementation may, therefore, delay fatigue and enhance muscle endurance during high-intensity strength training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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44. Influence of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Physical Performance and Body Composition Following Offseason Training in Division I Athletes.

Author

Townsend, Jeremy R., Hart, Tricia L., Haynes IV, James T., Woods, Clint A., Toy, Ann M., Pihera, Bailey C., Aziz, Marko A., Zimmerman, Grace A., Jones, Megan D., Vantrease, William C., and Gonzalez, Adam M.

Subjects
BODY composition, RESISTANCE training, BASEBALL, BLOOD pressure, ANALYSIS of variance, LEAN body mass, NITRATES, EXERCISE physiology, DIETARY supplements, PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, BODY movement, MUSCLE strength, QUADRICEPS muscle, HEART rate monitoring, REPEATED measures design, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, STATISTICAL sampling, PLANT extracts, ADIPOSE tissues
Abstract

Purpose: To determine the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation, in the form of red spinach extract (RSE), on adaptations to offseason training in collegiate athletes. Methods: Sixteen Division I male baseball athletes (20.5 ± 1.7y, 90.4 ± 0.5 kg) enrolled in this study and were randomized into a RSE (n = 8) or placebo (n = 8; PL) group. Athletes completed an 11-week resistance training program during the offseason, which consisted of 2-3 workouts per week of upper and lower-body exercises and baseball-specific training. Athletes consumed a RSE (2 g; 180 mg nitrate) or PL supplement daily for the entire offseason training program. Pre and post-training, all athletes underwent one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength testing for the bench press and completed a Wingate anaerobic cycle test (WAnT). Body composition analysis was completed via a 4-compartment model, as well as muscle thickness (MT) measurement of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) via ultrasonography. Resting heart rate and blood pressure (BP) were also obtained. Separate repeated measures analyses of variance were used to analyze all data. Results: Significant (p ≤ 0.05) main effects for time were observed for improved bench 1RM, fat-free mass, body fat percentage, RF MT, and VL MT. No significant group x time interactions (p > 0.05) were found for any measure of performance, body composition, or cardiovascular health. However, a trend for improved peak power in the WAnT was observed (p = 0.095; η2=0.200). Conclusions: These data suggest that daily RSE supplementation had no effect on performance, body composition, or cardiovascular measures in male Division I baseball players following offseason training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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46. Influence of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Physical Performance and Body Composition Following Offseason Training in Division I Athletes

Author

Townsend, Jeremy R., primary, Hart, Tricia L., additional, Haynes, James T., additional, Woods, Clint A., additional, Toy, Ann M., additional, Pihera, Bailey C., additional, Aziz, Marko A., additional, Zimmerman, Grace A., additional, Jones, Megan D., additional, Vantrease, William C., additional, and Gonzalez, Adam M., additional

Published
2021
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47. Level of Agreement, Reliability, and Minimal Detectable Change of the Musclelab TM Laser Speed Device on Force–Velocity–Power Sprint Profiles in Division II Collegiate Athletes.

Author

Ghigiarelli, Jamie J., Ferrara, Keith J., Poblete, Kevin M., Valle, Carl F., Gonzalez, Adam M., and Sell, Katie M.

Subjects
COLLEGE athletes, THEMATIC mapper satellite, PEARSON correlation (Statistics), SPRINTING, INTRACLASS correlation, BLAND-Altman plot, LASERS
Abstract

This study examined the level of agreement (Pearson product-moment correlation [rP]), within- and between-day reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]), and minimal detectable change of the MusclelabTM Laser Speed (MLS) device on sprint time and force–velocity–power profiles in Division II Collegiate athletes. Twenty-two athletes (soccer = 17, basketball = 2, volleyball = 3; 20.1 ± 1.5 y; 1.71 ± 0.11 m; 70.7 ± 12.5 kg) performed three 30-m (m) sprints on two separate occasions (seven days apart). Six time splits (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 m), horizontal force (HZT F0; N∙kg−1), peak velocity (VMAX; m∙s−1), horizontal power (HZT P0; W∙kg−1), and force–velocity slope (SFV; N·s·m−1·kg−1) were measured. Sprint data for the MLS were compared to the previously validated MySprint (MySp) app to assess for level of agreement. The MLS reported good to excellent reliability for within- and between-day trials (ICC = 0.69–0.98, ICC = 0.77–0.98, respectively). Despite a low level of agreement with HZT F0 (rP = 0.44), the MLS had moderate to excellent agreement across nine variables (rp = 0.68–0.98). Bland–Altman plots displayed significant proportional bias for VMAX (mean difference = 0.31 m∙s−1, MLS < MySp). Overall, the MLS is in agreement with the MySp app and is a reliable device for assessing sprint times, VMAX, HZT P0, and SFV. Proportional bias should be considered for VMAX when comparing the MLS to the MySp app. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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50. The Effects of Whole-Body Photobiomodulation Light-Bed Therapy on Creatine Kinase and Salivary Interleukin-6 in a Sample of Trained Males: A Randomized, Crossover Study

Author

Ghigiarelli, Jamie J., primary, Fulop, Andras M., additional, Burke, Adam A., additional, Ferrara, Anthony J., additional, Sell, Katie M., additional, Gonzalez, Adam M., additional, Pelton, Luke M., additional, Zimmerman, Jamie A., additional, Coke, Shaquille G., additional, and Marshall, Dennis G., additional

Published
2020
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