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9. The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

Author

Reiner, R.C., Welgan, C.A., Troeger, C.E., Baumann, M.M., Weiss, D.J., Deshpande, A., Blacker, B.F., Miller-Petrie, M.K., Earl, L., Bhatt, S., Abolhassani, H., Abosetugn, A.E., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O.O., Aghaali, M., Aji, B., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, S., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S.M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Altirkawi, K.A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A.T., Amini, S., Amugsi, D.A., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, C.L., Ansari, F., Anvari, D., Appiah, S.C.Y., Arabloo, J., Aremu, O., Atout, M.M.W., Ausloos, M., Ausloos, F., Ayanore, M.A., Aynalem, Y.A., Azene, Z.N., Badawi, A., Baig, A.A., Banach, M., Bedi, N., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhandari, D., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z.A., Bijani, A., Birhanu, T.T.M., Bitew, Z.W., Boloor, A., Brady, O.J., Butt, Z.A., Car, J., Carvalho, F., Casey, D.C., Chattu, V.K., Chowdhury, M.A.K., Chu, D.-., Coelho, C.H., Cook, A.J., Damiani, G., Daoud, F., Gela, J.D., Darwish, A.H., Daryani, A., Das, J.K., Davis Weaver, N., Deribe, K., Desalew, A., Dharmaratne, S.D., Dianatinasab, M., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Dorostkar, F., Dubljanin, E., Duko, B., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Effiong, A., El Sayed Zaki, M., El Tantawi, M., Enany, S., Fattahi, N., Feigin, V.L., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Fischer, F., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Foroutan, M., Frostad, J.J., Fukumoto, T., Gaidhane, A.M., Gebrekrstos, H.G.G.K., Gebremeskel, L., Gebreslassie, A.A., Gething, P.W., Gezae, K.E., Ghadiri, K., Ghashghaee, A., Golechha, M., Gubari, M.I.M., Hadgu, F.B., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D.W., Hashi, A., Hassan, S., Hayat, K., Herteliu, C., H. C., H., Holla, R., Hosseinzadeh, M., Househ, M., Hussain, R., Hwang, B.-., Ibitoye, S.E., Ilesanmi, O.S., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M.D., Irvani, S.S.N., Jaafari, J., Javaheri, T., Jha, R.P., Johnson, K.B., Jonas, J.B., Jozwiak, J.J., Kabir, A., Kalhor, R., Kanchan, T., Karch, A., Kayode, G.A., Keiyoro, P.N., Khader, Y.S., Khalil, I.A., Khan, M.N., Khan, M., Khan, G., Khatab, K., Khater, M.M., Khatib, M.N., Kianipour, N., Kim, Y.J., Kimokoti, R.W., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Kissoon, N., Kochhar, S., Koolivand, A., Kopec, J.A., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kumar, P., Kurmi, O.P., Kusuma, D., Lal, D.K., Lami, F.H., Landires, I., Lansingh, V.C., Lasrado, S., La Vecchia, C., Lazzar-Atwood, A., Lee, P.H., Legrand, K.E., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Lim, S.S., Lindstedt, P.A., Liu, X., Longbottom, J., Lopez, A.D., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Mahasha, P.W., Maleki, A., Mamun, A.A., Mansournia, M.A., Marczak, L.B., Martins-Melo, F.R., Mayala, B.K., Meharie, B.G., Melese, A., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, E.W., Mensah, G.A., Meretoja, T.J., Mestrovic, T., Miller, T.R., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Moazen, B., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Mohammadi, S., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A.H., Moradi, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Mosser, J.F., Murray, C.J.L., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nguyen, Q.A.P., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nnaji, C.A., Noubiap, J.J., Nunez-Samudio, V., Olagunju, A.T., Olusanya, J.O., Olusanya, B.O., Omer, M.O., Onwujekwe, O.E., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Owolabi, M.O., P A, M., Padubidri, J.R., Pana, A., Peprah, E.K., Pham, H.Q., Pigott, D.M., Pirestani, M., Postma, M.J., Pottoo, F.H., Pourjafar, H., Quazi Syed, Z., Rahim, F., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M.H.U., Rao, S.J., Rao, P.C., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D.L., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Regassa, L.D., Renzaho, A.M.N., Rezaei, N., Rezai, M.S., Ribeiro, A.I., Rickard, J., Rios-Gonzalez, C.M., Rumisha, S.F., Sabour, S., Sajadi, S.M., Salomon, J.A., Samadi Kafil, H., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Sartorius, B., Saxena, D., Schaeffer, L.E., Senthilkumaran, S., Sha, F., Shaheen, A.A., Shaikh, M.A., Sharma, R., Sheikh, A., Shibuya, K., Shigematsu, M., Il Shin, J., Simonetti, B., Singh, J.A., Smith, D.L., Soheili, A., Sokhan, A., Spurlock, E.E., Sreeramareddy, C.T., Sufiyan, M.B., Swartz, S.J., Tadesse, D.B., Tamiru, A.T., Tefera, Y.G., Temsah, M.-., Tessema, Z.T., Titova, M.V., Tran, B.X., Truong, P.N., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Vasankari, T.J., Vasseghian, Y., Violante, F.S., G. T., V., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R.G., Wassie, E.G., Welay, F.T., Wickramasinghe, N.D., Wiens, K.E., Wijeratne, T., Wiysonge, C.S., Wondmeneh, T.G., Yamada, T., Yaya, S., Yeshitila, Y.G., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yu, C., Yuce, D., Yusefzadeh, H., Zaidi, Z., Zamanian, M., Zangeneh, A., Zhang, Z.-., Zhang, Y., Ziapour, A., Hay, S.I., Reiner, RC Jr, Welgan, CA, Troeger, CE, Baumann, MM, Duko, Bereket, Hay, Simon I, LBD Triple Collaborators, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Reiner, R, Welgan, C, Troeger, C, Baumann, M, Weiss, D, Deshpande, A, Blacker, B, Miller-Petrie, M, Earl, L, Bhatt, S, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Aghaali, M, Aji, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alhassan, R, Ali, S, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, S, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Anvari, D, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Ausloos, F, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azene, Z, Badawi, A, Baig, A, Banach, M, Bedi, N, Bhagavathula, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Birhanu, T, Bitew, Z, Boloor, A, Brady, O, Butt, Z, Car, J, Carvalho, F, Casey, D, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D, Coelho, C, Cook, A, Damiani, G, Daoud, F, Gela, J, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das, J, Davis Weaver, N, Deribe, K, Desalew, A, Dharmaratne, S, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Effiong, A, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Enany, S, Fattahi, N, Feigin, V, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Frostad, J, Fukumoto, T, Gaidhane, A, Gebrekrstos, H, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, A, Gething, P, Gezae, K, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Gubari, M, Hadgu, F, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, Ho, H, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irvani, S, Jaafari, J, Javaheri, T, Jha, R, Johnson, K, Jonas, J, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, A, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, M, Khan, G, Khatab, K, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Kianipour, N, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kissoon, N, Kochhar, S, Koolivand, A, Kopec, J, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kumar, P, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Lal, D, Lami, F, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Lasrado, S, La Vecchia, C, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Lee, P, Legrand, K, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Lim, S, Lindstedt, P, Liu, X, Longbottom, J, Lopez, A, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Mahasha, P, Maleki, A, Mamun, A, Mansournia, M, Marczak, L, Martins-Melo, F, Mayala, B, Meharie, B, Melese, A, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Mensah, G, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mirrakhimov, E, Moazen, B, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadi, S, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Moradi, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosser, J, Murray, C, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, H, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Peprah, E, Pham, H, Pigott, D, Pirestani, M, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Quazi Syed, Z, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rao, S, Rao, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Regassa, L, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rios-Gonzalez, C, Rumisha, S, Sabour, S, Sajadi, S, Salomon, J, Samadi Kafil, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sartorius, B, Saxena, D, Schaeffer, L, Senthilkumaran, S, Sha, F, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Il Shin, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Smith, D, Soheili, A, Sokhan, A, Spurlock, E, Sreeramareddy, C, Sufiyan, M, Swartz, S, Tadesse, D, Tamiru, A, Tefera, Y, Temsah, M, Tessema, Z, Titova, M, Tran, B, Truong, P, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Violante, F, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wassie, E, Welay, F, Wickramasinghe, N, Wiens, K, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wondmeneh, T, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaidi, Z, Zamanian, M, Zangeneh, A, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Clinicum, Helsinki University Hospital Area, and Department of Oncology

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale e Applicata, 3122 Cancers, malaria, General Physics and Astronomy, COVID-19, General Chemistry, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, infectious diseases, Sub-Saharian Africa, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica, Children mortality, epidemiology, biogeography
Abstract

Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s). Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival.

Published
2022

10. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Author

James S.L., Castle C.D., Dingels Z.V., Fox J.T., Hamilton E.B., Liu Z., S Roberts N.L., Sylte D.O., Henry N.J., LeGrand K.E., Abdelalim A., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R.S., Abedi A., Abosetugn A.E., Abushouk A.I., Adebayo O.M., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahmad T., Ahmed R., Ahmed M.B., Eddine Aichour M.T., Alahdab F., Alamene G.M., Alanezi F.M., Alebel A., Alema N.M., Alghnam S.A., Al-Hajj S., Ali B.A., Ali S., Alikhani M., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Altirkawi K., Abdeldayem Amer Y.S., Amini S., Loreche Amit A.M., Andrei C.L., Ansari-Moghaddam A., T Antonio C.A., Yaw Appiah S.C., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Ariani F., Arora A., Asaad M., Asghari B., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Azari S., Azarian G., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bagli E., Baig A.A., Bairwa M., Bakhtiari A., Balachandran A., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Banstola A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Barrero L.H., Barzegar A., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bekuma T.T., Belete H., Benjet C., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Bhardwaj P., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bibi S., Bijani A., Bin Sayeed M.S., Borges G., Borzi A.M., Boufous S., Brazinova A., Briko N.I., Budhathoki S.S., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chanie W.F., Chattu S.K., Chattu V.K., Chatziralli I., Chaudhary N., Cho D.Y., Kabir Chowdhury M.A., Chu D.-T., Colquhoun S.M., Constantin M.-M., Costa V.M., Damiani G., Daryani A., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Demeke F.M., Demis A.B., Demoz G.T., Demsie D.G., Derakhshani A., Deribe K., Desai R., Nasab M.D., da Silva D.D., Dibaji Forooshani Z.S., Doyle K.E., Driscoll T.R., Dubljanin E., Adema B.D., Eagan A.W., Eftekhari A., Ehsani-Chimeh E., Sayed Zaki M.E., Elemineh D.A., El-Jaafary S.I., El-Khatib Z., Ellingsen C.L., Emamian M.H., Endalew D.A., Eskandarieh S., Faris P.S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fatahi Y., Fekadu W., Ferede T.Y., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebre A.K., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebremichael B., Gedefaw G.A., Geta B., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gill T.K., Goulart A.C., Grada A., Grivna M., Mohialdeen Gubari M.I., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta G., Haagsma J.A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Bidgoli H.H., Hall B.J., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Haro J.M., Hasan M.M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Havmoeller R., Hayat K., Hendrie D., Heydarpour F., Hijar M., Ho H.C., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Hu G., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Indriasih E., Naghibi Irvani S.S., Shariful Islam S.M., Islam M.M., Ivers R.Q., Jacobsen K.H., Jahani M.A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., Jalilian F., Jayaraman S., Jayatilleke A.U., Jha R.P., John-Akinola Y.O., Jonas J.B., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Jungari S.B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kadel R., Kahsay A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamil T.A., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami M., Kasaeian A., Kassaye H.G., Kavetskyy T., Kebede H.K., Keiyoro P.N., Kelbore A.G., Kelkay B., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khalid N., Khalil I.A., Khalilov R., Khammarnia M., Khan E.A., Khan M., Khanna T., Khazaie H., Shadmani F.K., Khundkar R., Kiirithio D.N., Kim Y.-E., Kim D., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Komaki H., M Kondlahalli S.K., Korshunov V.A., Koyanagi A., G Kraemer M.U., Krishan K., Bicer B.K., Kugbey N., Kumar V., Kumar N., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumaresh G., Kurmi O.P., Kuti O., Vecchia C., Lami F.H., Lamichhane P., Lang J.J., Lansingh V.C., Laryea D.O., Lasrado S., Latifi A., Lauriola P., Leasher J.L., Huey Lee S.W., Lenjebo T.L., Levi M., Li S., Linn S., Liu X., Lopez A.D., Lotufo P.A., Lunevicius R., Lyons R.A., Madadin M., El Razek M.M.A., Mahotra N.B., Majdan M., Majeed A., Malagon-Rojas J.N., Maled V., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Manafi N., Manafi A., Manda A.-L., Manjunatha N., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Maravilla J.C., March L.M., Mason-Jones A.J., Masoumi S.Z., Massenburg B.B., Maulik P.K., Meles G.G., Melese A., Melketsedik Z.A., N Memiah P.T., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.B., Mengesha M.M., Meretoja T.J., Meretoja A., Merie H.E., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mithra P., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad Y., Mohammad K.A., Darwesh A.M., Gholi Mezerji N.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohammed J.A., Mohebi F., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moosazadeh M., Moradi M., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradpour F., Morawska L., Velasquez I.M., Morisaki N., Morrison S.D., Mossie T.B., Muluneh A.G., Murthy S., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Nabhan A.F., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Naimzada M.D., Najafi F., Nangia V., Nascimento B.R., Naserbakht M., Nayak V., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Thi Nguyen H.L., Nikbakhsh R., Anggraini Ningrum D.N., Nnaji C.A., Nyasulu P.S., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., Okunga E.W., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Bali A.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Asante K.O., Orpana H.M., Ota E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., A M.P., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Pakshir K., Panda-Jonas S., Park E.-K., Patel S.K., Pathak A., Pati S., Patton G.C., Paulos K., Peden A.E., Filipino Pepito V.C., Pereira J., Pham H.Q., Phillips M.R., Pinheiro M., Polibin R.V., Polinder S., Poustchi H., Prakash S., Angga Pribadi D.R., Puri P., Syed Z.Q., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi S., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M.A., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Rajati F., Rakovac I., Ranganathan K., Rao S.J., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Renjith V., N Renzaho A.M., Resnikoff S., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Rios Gonzalez C.M., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Saad A.M., Sabde Y.D., Sabour S., Saddik B., Safari S., Safari-Faramani R., Safarpour H., Safdarian M., Sajadi S.M., Salamati P., Salehi F., Zahabi S.S., Rashad Salem M.R., Salem H., Salman O., Salz I., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Riera L.S., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sarker A.R., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Sawyer S.M., Saxena S., Sayyah M., Schwebel D.C., Seedat S., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S.G., Seyedmousavi S., Sha F., Shaahmadi F., Shahabi S., Shaikh M.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsizadeh M., Sharif-Alhoseini M., Sharifi H., Sheikh A., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Siabani S., Sigfusdottir I.D., Singh P.K., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Smarandache C.-G., R Smith E.U., Soheili A., Soleymani B., Soltanian A.R., Soriano J.B., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Stein D.J., Stokes M.A., Sufiyan M.B., Rasul Suleria H.A., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabb K.M., Taddele B.W., Tadesse D.B., Tamiru A.T., Tarigan I.U., Tefera Y.M., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekle M.G., Tekulu G.H., Tesema A.K., Tesfay B.E., Thapar R., Tilahune A.B., Tlaye K.G., Tohidinik H.R., Topor-Madry R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Tripathy J.P., Tsai A.C., Car L.T., Ullah S., Ullah I., Umar M., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Uthman O.A., Valdez P.R., Vasankari T.J., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Waheed Y., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wolde H.F., Woldeyes D.H., Wondafrash D.Z., Wondmeneh T.G., Wondmieneh A.B., Wu A.-M., Yadav R., Yadollahpour A., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Youm Y., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yu Y., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Moghadam T.Z., Zaidi Z., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zarei A., Zare F., Zhang Z.-J., Zhang Y., Zodpey S., Dandona L., Dandona R., Degenhardt L., Dharmaratne S.D., Hay S.I., Mokdad A.H., Reiner R.C., Sartorius 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Sartorius B., and Vos T.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. METHOD(S): We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). FINDINGS: In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100000. In 1990, there were 354064302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338174876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). INTERPRETATION: Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

Published
2021

11. Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries.

Author

Sambala E.Z., Waheed Y., Wakefield J., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wiangkham T., Wiens K.E., Wiysonge C.S., Woldu G., Wondafrash D.Z., Wonde T.E., Wu A.-M., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T.Y., Yeshaw Y., Yilgwan C.S., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefifard M., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zadey S., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zangeneh A., Zarei F., Zerfu T.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhou M., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Lim S.S., Mosser J.F., Biswas A., Sbarra A.N., Rolfe S., Nguyen J.Q., Earl L., Galles N.C., Marks A., Abbas K.M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahi M., Abegaz K.H., Abiy H.A.A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abushouk A.I., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adham D., Afarideh M., Aghaali M., Ahmad T., Ahmadi R., Ahmadi K., Ahmed M.B., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemnew B.T., Ali B.A., Ali M., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Alipoor R., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Altirkawi K.A., Amare B., Amini S., Amini-Rarani M., Amiri F., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Ansha M.G., Antonio C.A.T., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Armoon B., Aryal K.K., Arzani A., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asgari S., Atafar Z., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Quintanilla B.P.A., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Azadmehr A., Azari S., Babaee E., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Baig A.A., Bakhtiari A., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Banik P.C., Barac A., Baradaran-Seyed Z., Baraki A.G., Basu S., Bayati M., Bayou Y.T., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bell M.L., Berbada D.A., Berhe K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Birhanu M., Bisanzio D., Bohlouli S., Bolla S.R., Borzouei S., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Nagaraja S.B., Butt Z.A., Camera L.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castro F., Chattu V.K., Chehrazi M., Chin K.L., Chu D.-T., Cook A.J., Cormier N.M., Cunningham B., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Dandona R., Dandona L., Danovaro M.C., Dansereau E., Daoud F., Darwesh A.M., Darwish A.H., Das J.K., Weaver N.D., De Neve J.-W., Demeke F.M., Demis A.B., Denova-Gutierrez E., Desalew A., Deshpande A., Desta D.M., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Doyle K.E., Dunachie S.J., Duraes A.R., Kalan M.E., Leylabadlo H.E., Edinur H.A., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Emamian M.H., Enany S., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati A., Etisso A.E., Farahmand M., Faraon E.J.A., Fareed M., Faridnia R., Farioli A., Farzadfar F., Fattahi N., Fazlzadeh M., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Fullman N., Gad M.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebrehiwot A.M., Gebremariam K.T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebreslassie A.A., Gedefaw G.A., Gezae K.E., Ghadiri K., Ghaffari R., Ghaffarifar F., Ghajarzadeh M., Gheshlagh R.G., Ghashghaee A., Ghiasvand H., Gholamian A., Gilani S.A., Gill P.S., Girmay A., Gomes N.G.M., Gopalani S.V., Goulart B.N.G., Grada A., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haj-Mirzaian A., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Haririan H., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasanpoor E., Hasanzadeh A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Hollerich G.I., Rad E.H., Hoogar P., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hu G., Huda T.M., Humayun A., Ibitoye S.E., Ikilezi G., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Imani-Nasab M.H., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Islam M.M., Iwu C.J., Iwu C.C.D., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jafarinia M., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jalilian F., Javidnia J., Jenabi E., Jha V., Ji J.S., John O., Johnson K.B., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir Z., Kabir A., Kalani H., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamal Z., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami M., Matin B.K., Karch A., Karimi S.E., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khammarnia M., Khan M.S., Khan E.A., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaei M., Khazaei S., Khosravi A., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinyoki D.K., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kolola T., Komaki H., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kraemer M.U.G., Krishan K., Kuate Defo B., Kumar M., Kumar P., Kumar G.A., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lad S.D., Lal D.K., Lam F., Lami F.H., Lansingh V.C., Larson H.J., Lasrado S., Lee S.W.H., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Lenjebo T.L., Li S., Liang X., Liu P.Y., Lopukhov P.D., Machado D.B., Mahasha P.W., Mahdavi M.M., Maheri M., Mahotra N.B., Maled V., Maleki S., Malik M.A., Malta D.C., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansourian M., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Mayala B.K., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehri F., Mehta K.M., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.B., Mengesha E.W., Mestrovic T., Mihretie K.M., Miller-Petrie M.K., Mills E.J., Milne G.J., Mirabi P., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei R., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei H.R., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad Y., Mohammad K.A., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadbeigi A., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohammed A.S., Mohammed H., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Moosavi M.A., Moosazadeh M., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Khaneghah A.M., Mueller U.O., Muluneh A.G., Munro S.B., Murray C.J.L., Murthy G.V.S., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen C.T.K., Nguyen T.H., Nigatu Y.T., Nikbakhsh R., Nikfar S., Nikpoor A.R., Ningrum D.N.A., Nnaji C.A., Oh I.-H., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Bali A.O., Omer M.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Owolabi M.O., P A M., Padubidri J.R., Pakshir K., Pana A., Pandey A., Pando-Robles V., Pashaei T., Pasupula D.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Patton G.C., Pazoki Toroudi H., Pepito V.C.F., Pescarini J.M., Pigott D.M., Pilgrim T., Pirsaheb M., Poljak M., Postma M.J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Pourmirza Kalhori R., Prada S.I., Prakash S., Quazi Syed Z., Quintana H., Rabiee N., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rajati F., Rameto M.A., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rasella D., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf 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L., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zangeneh A., Zarei F., Zerfu T.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhou M., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Lim S.S., Mosser J.F., Biswas A., Sbarra A.N., Rolfe S., Nguyen J.Q., Earl L., Galles N.C., Marks A., Abbas K.M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahi M., Abegaz K.H., Abiy H.A.A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abushouk A.I., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adham D., Afarideh M., Aghaali M., Ahmad T., Ahmadi R., Ahmadi K., Ahmed M.B., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemnew B.T., Ali B.A., Ali M., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Alipoor R., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Altirkawi K.A., Amare B., Amini S., Amini-Rarani M., Amiri F., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Ansha M.G., Antonio C.A.T., Antriyandarti E., 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F.M., Demis A.B., Denova-Gutierrez E., Desalew A., Deshpande A., Desta D.M., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Doyle K.E., Dunachie S.J., Duraes A.R., Kalan M.E., Leylabadlo H.E., Edinur H.A., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Emamian M.H., Enany S., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati A., Etisso A.E., Farahmand M., Faraon E.J.A., Fareed M., Faridnia R., Farioli A., Farzadfar F., Fattahi N., Fazlzadeh M., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Fullman N., Gad M.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebrehiwot A.M., Gebremariam K.T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebreslassie A.A., Gedefaw G.A., Gezae K.E., Ghadiri K., Ghaffari R., Ghaffarifar F., Ghajarzadeh M., Gheshlagh R.G., 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Upadhyay E., Usman M.S., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P.R., Vasseghian Y., Veisani Y., Violante F.S., and Vollmer S.

Abstract

The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1-4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5-8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 x 5-km2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children.Copyright © 2020, The Author(s).

Published
2021

13. A Society of General Internal Medicine Position Statement on the Internists’ Role in Social Determinants of Health

Author

DeCamp, M., Schwartz, M.D., Society of General Internal Medicine, Karani, R., Dzeng, E., Byhoff, E., Memari, M., Hartigan, S., Volerman, A., Gonzalez, C.M., Earnest, M., Roy, B., DeSalvo, K., Berkowitz, S.A., and Kangovi, S.

Abstract

The Society of General Internal Medicine (SGIM) represents the world’s leading academic general internists, dedicated to creating a just system of care in which all people can achieve optimal health. SGIM recognizes that to achieve this vision, we must expand our reach beyond the medical office and hospital bedside to identify and address the broader structures and living conditions that influence health—the social determinants of health (SDOH). Centuries of institutionalized oppression in the form of racism, sexism, and other forms of bigotry have created and perpetuated disadvantage. These underlying social values have translated into public policies and structures which affect the distribution ofmoney and power across society. These in turn have shaped living conditions and access to resources, which influence health behaviors and access to care, and ultimately health outcomes. SGIM acknowledges the full spectrum of SDOH including upstream policies, midstream environmental and behavioral factors, and downstream individual and clinical issues. We highlight an important distinction between societal SDOH that require policy and systems-level change, with downstream unmet individual social needs, like homelessness or food insecurity. The entire range of SDOH impacts the work we do, our ability to care for our individual patients, our partnerships with local community organizations, and our impact on population health and equity. SDOH should also be integrated in how we teach future physicians and collaborate with our colleagues in public health, social work, government, research, and partners in non-health sectors.

Published
2020
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14. Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study.

Author

Sarveazad A., Ullah I., Ullah S., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Uthman O.A., Valdez P.R., Vasankari T.J., Veisani Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Waheed Y., Wang Y.-P., Wiangkham T., Wolde H.F., Woldeyes D.H., Wondmeneh T.G., Wondmieneh A.B., Wu A.-M., Wyper G.M.A., Yadav R., Yadollahpour A., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Ye P., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Youm Y., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yu C., Yu Y., Moghadam T.Z., Zaidi Z., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zarei F., Zhang Z.-J., Zhang Y., Ziapour A., Zodpey S., Dandona R., Dharmaratne S.D., Hay S.I., Mokdad A.H., Pigott D.M., Reiner R.C., Vos T., James S.L., Castle C.D., Dingels Z.V., Fox J.T., Hamilton E.B., Liu Z., Roberts N.L.S., Sylte D.O., Bertolacci G.J., Cunningham M., Henry N.J., LeGrand K.E., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R.S., Abedi A., Abegaz K.H., Abosetugn A.E., Abushouk A.I., Adebayo O.M., Adsuar J.C., Advani S.M., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahmad T., Ahmed M.B., Ahmed R., Eddine Aichour M.T., Alahdab F., Alanezi F.M., Alema N.M., Alemu B.W., Alghnam S.A., Ali B.A., Ali S., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Altirkawi K., Abdeldayem Amer Y.S., Andrei C.L., Ansari-Moghaddam A., T Antonio C.A., Anvari D., Yaw Appiah S.C., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Ariani F., Arora A., Asaad M., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Azarian G., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Baig A.A., Bairwa M., Bakhtiari A., Balachandran A., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Banstola A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Barzegar A., Bayati M., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Belete H., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhardwaj P., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bibi S., Bijani A., Boloor A., Borges G., Borschmann R., Borzi A.M., Boufous S., Braithwaite D., Briko N.I., Brugha T., Budhathoki S.S., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chapman J.R., Chattu V.K., Chattu S.K., Chatziralli I., Chaudhary N., Cho D.Y., Choi J.-Y.J., Kabir Chowdhury M.A., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Cicuttini F.M., Coelho J.M., Costa V.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Daryani A., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Leo D., Demeke F.M., Demoz G.T., Demsie D.G., Deribe K., Desai R., Nasab M.D., Silva D.D.D., Dibaji Forooshani Z.S., Do H.T., Doyle K.E., Driscoll T.R., Dubljanin E., Adema B.D., Eagan A.W., Elemineh D.A., El-Jaafary S.I., El-Khatib Z., Ellingsen C.L., Zaki M.E.S., Eskandarieh S., Eyawo O., Faris P.S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Fischer F., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebremariam H., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel L.G., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebremichael B., Gedefaw G.A., Geta B., Getenet A.B., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari F., Gheshlagh R.G., Gholamian A., Gilani S.A., Gill T.K., Goudarzian A.H., Goulart A.C., Grada A., Grivna M., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta G., Haagsma J.A., Hall B.J., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Haro J.M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassan S., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Havmoeller R., Hendrie D., Heydarpour F., Hijar M., Ho H.C., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Hu G., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Inbaraj L.R., Naghibi Irvani S.S., Mofizul Islam M., Shariful Islam S.M., Ivers R.Q., Jahani M.A., Jakovljevic M., Jalilian F., Jayaraman S., Jayatilleke A.U., Jha R.P., John-Akinola Y.O., Jonas J.B., Jones K.M., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Jungari S.B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kahsay A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamil T.A., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami M., Kasaeian A., Kassaye H.G., Kavetskyy T., Kayode G.A., Keiyoro P.N., Kelbore A.G., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khalid N., Khalil I.A., Khalilov R., Khan M., Khan E.A., Khan J., Khanna T., Khazaei S., Khazaie H., Khundkar R., Kiirithio D.N., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kim D., Kisa S., Kisa A., Komaki H., Kondlahalli S.K.M., Koolivand A., Korshunov V.A., Koyanagi A., Kraemer M.U.G., Krishan K., Defo B.K., Bicer B.K., Kugbey N., Kumar M., Kumar V., Kumar N., Kumaresh G., Lami F.H., Lansingh V.C., Lasrado S., Latifi A., Lauriola P., Vecchia C., Leasher J.L., Huey Lee S.W., Li S., Liu X., Lopez A.D., Lotufo P.A., Lyons R.A., Machado D.B., Madadin M., Abd El Razek M.M., Mahotra N.B., Majdan M., Majeed A., Maled V., Malta D.C., Manafi N., Manafi A., Manda A.-L., Manjunatha N., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M.A., Maravilla J.C., Mason-Jones A.J., Masoumi S.Z., Massenburg B.B., Maulik P.K., Mehndiratta M.M., Melketsedik Z.A., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.M., Meretoja T.J., Meretoja A., Merie H.E., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mithra P., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad Y., Darwesh A.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohammed J.A., Mohebi F., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moradi M., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Morawska L., Velasquez I.M., Morrison S.D., Mossie T.B., Muluneh A.G., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Naimzada M.D., Najafi F., Nangia V., Nascimento B.R., Naserbakht M., Nayak V., Nazari J., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen T.H., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.N., Thi Nguyen H.L., Nikbakhsh R., Anggraini Ningrum D.N., Nnaji C.A., Ofori-Asenso R., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Bali A.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Orpana H.M., Ota E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., P A M., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Pakshir K., Panda-Jonas S., Park E.-K., Patel S.K., Pathak A., Pati S., Paulos K., Peden A.E., Filipino Pepito V.C., Pereira J., Phillips M.R., Polibin R.V., Polinder S., Pourmalek F., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Prakash S., Angga Pribadi D.R., Puri P., Syed Z.Q., Rabiee N., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi S., Rahman M.A., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Rajati F., Rakovac I., Rao S.J., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Renjith V., Resnikoff S., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Rios Gonzalez C.M., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Saddik B., Safarpour H., Safdarian M., Mohammad Sajadi S., Salamati P., Rashad Salem M.R., Salem H., Salz I., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Riera L.S., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sarker A.R., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Sayyah M., Schwebel D.C., Seedat S., Senthilkumaran S., Seyedmousavi S., Sha F., Shaahmadi F., Shahabi S., Shaikh M.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Sheikh A., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Siabani S., Sigfusdottir I.D., Singh J.A., Singh P.K., Sinha D.N., Soheili A., Soriano J.B., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Stokes M.A., Sufiyan M.B., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabb K.M., Taddele B.W., Tefera Y.M., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekulu G.H., Tesema Tesema A.K., Tesfay B.E., Thapar R., Titova M.V., Tlaye K.G., Tohidinik H.R., Topor-Madry R., Tran K.B., Tran B.X., Tripathy J.P., Tsai A.C., Tsatsakis A., Car L.T., Sarveazad A., Ullah I., Ullah S., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Uthman O.A., Valdez P.R., Vasankari T.J., Veisani Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Waheed Y., Wang Y.-P., Wiangkham T., Wolde H.F., Woldeyes D.H., Wondmeneh T.G., Wondmieneh A.B., Wu A.-M., Wyper G.M.A., Yadav R., Yadollahpour A., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Ye P., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Youm Y., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yu C., Yu Y., Moghadam T.Z., Zaidi Z., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zarei F., Zhang Z.-J., Zhang Y., Ziapour A., Zodpey S., Dandona R., Dharmaratne S.D., Hay S.I., Mokdad A.H., Pigott D.M., Reiner R.C., Vos T., James S.L., Castle C.D., Dingels Z.V., Fox J.T., Hamilton E.B., Liu Z., Roberts N.L.S., Sylte D.O., Bertolacci G.J., Cunningham M., Henry N.J., LeGrand K.E., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R.S., Abedi A., Abegaz K.H., Abosetugn A.E., Abushouk A.I., Adebayo O.M., Adsuar J.C., Advani S.M., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahmad T., Ahmed M.B., Ahmed R., Eddine Aichour M.T., Alahdab F., Alanezi F.M., Alema N.M., Alemu B.W., Alghnam S.A., Ali B.A., Ali S., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Altirkawi K., Abdeldayem Amer Y.S., Andrei C.L., Ansari-Moghaddam A., T Antonio C.A., Anvari D., Yaw Appiah S.C., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Ariani F., Arora A., Asaad M., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Azarian G., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Baig A.A., Bairwa M., Bakhtiari A., Balachandran A., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Banstola A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Barzegar A., Bayati M., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Belete H., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhardwaj P., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bibi S., Bijani A., Boloor A., Borges G., Borschmann R., Borzi A.M., Boufous S., Braithwaite D., Briko N.I., Brugha T., Budhathoki S.S., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chapman J.R., Chattu V.K., Chattu S.K., Chatziralli I., Chaudhary N., Cho D.Y., Choi J.-Y.J., Kabir Chowdhury M.A., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Cicuttini F.M., Coelho J.M., Costa V.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Daryani A., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Leo D., Demeke F.M., Demoz G.T., Demsie D.G., Deribe K., Desai R., Nasab M.D., Silva D.D.D., Dibaji Forooshani Z.S., Do H.T., Doyle K.E., Driscoll T.R., Dubljanin E., Adema B.D., Eagan A.W., Elemineh D.A., El-Jaafary S.I., El-Khatib Z., Ellingsen C.L., Zaki M.E.S., Eskandarieh S., Eyawo O., Faris P.S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Fischer F., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebremariam H., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel L.G., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebremichael B., Gedefaw G.A., Geta B., Getenet A.B., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari F., Gheshlagh R.G., Gholamian A., Gilani S.A., Gill T.K., Goudarzian A.H., Goulart A.C., Grada A., Grivna M., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta G., Haagsma J.A., Hall B.J., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Haro J.M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassan S., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Havmoeller R., Hendrie D., Heydarpour F., Hijar M., Ho H.C., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Hu G., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Inbaraj L.R., Naghibi Irvani S.S., Mofizul Islam M., Shariful Islam S.M., Ivers R.Q., Jahani M.A., Jakovljevic M., Jalilian F., Jayaraman S., Jayatilleke A.U., Jha R.P., John-Akinola Y.O., Jonas J.B., Jones K.M., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Jungari S.B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kahsay A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamil T.A., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami M., Kasaeian A., Kassaye H.G., Kavetskyy T., Kayode G.A., Keiyoro P.N., Kelbore A.G., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khalid N., Khalil I.A., Khalilov R., Khan M., Khan E.A., Khan J., Khanna T., Khazaei S., Khazaie H., Khundkar R., Kiirithio D.N., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kim D., Kisa S., Kisa A., Komaki H., Kondlahalli S.K.M., Koolivand A., Korshunov V.A., Koyanagi A., Kraemer M.U.G., Krishan K., Defo B.K., Bicer B.K., Kugbey N., Kumar M., Kumar V., Kumar N., Kumaresh G., Lami F.H., Lansingh V.C., Lasrado S., Latifi A., Lauriola P., Vecchia C., Leasher J.L., Huey Lee S.W., Li S., Liu X., Lopez A.D., Lotufo P.A., Lyons R.A., Machado D.B., Madadin M., Abd El Razek M.M., Mahotra N.B., Majdan M., Majeed A., Maled V., Malta D.C., Manafi N., Manafi A., Manda A.-L., Manjunatha N., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M.A., Maravilla J.C., Mason-Jones A.J., Masoumi S.Z., Massenburg B.B., Maulik P.K., Mehndiratta M.M., Melketsedik Z.A., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.M., Meretoja T.J., Meretoja A., Merie H.E., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mithra P., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad Y., Darwesh A.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohammed J.A., Mohebi F., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moradi M., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Morawska L., Velasquez I.M., Morrison S.D., Mossie T.B., Muluneh A.G., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Naimzada M.D., Najafi F., Nangia V., Nascimento B.R., Naserbakht M., Nayak V., Nazari J., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen T.H., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.N., Thi Nguyen H.L., Nikbakhsh R., Anggraini Ningrum D.N., Nnaji C.A., Ofori-Asenso R., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Bali A.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Orpana H.M., Ota E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., P A M., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Pakshir K., Panda-Jonas S., Park E.-K., Patel S.K., Pathak A., Pati S., Paulos K., Peden A.E., Filipino Pepito V.C., Pereira J., Phillips M.R., Polibin R.V., Polinder S., Pourmalek F., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Prakash S., Angga Pribadi D.R., Puri P., Syed Z.Q., Rabiee N., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi S., Rahman M.A., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Rajati F., Rakovac I., Rao S.J., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Renjith V., Resnikoff S., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Rios Gonzalez C.M., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Saddik B., Safarpour H., Safdarian M., Mohammad Sajadi S., Salamati P., Rashad Salem M.R., Salem H., Salz I., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Riera L.S., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sarker A.R., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Sayyah M., Schwebel D.C., Seedat S., Senthilkumaran S., Seyedmousavi S., Sha F., Shaahmadi F., Shahabi S., Shaikh M.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Sheikh A., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Siabani S., Sigfusdottir I.D., Singh J.A., Singh P.K., Sinha D.N., Soheili A., Soriano J.B., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Stokes M.A., Sufiyan M.B., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabb K.M., Taddele B.W., Tefera Y.M., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekulu G.H., Tesema Tesema A.K., Tesfay B.E., Thapar R., Titova M.V., Tlaye K.G., Tohidinik H.R., Topor-Madry R., Tran K.B., Tran B.X., Tripathy J.P., Tsai A.C., Tsatsakis A., and Car L.T.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. METHOD(S): In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. RESULT(S): GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. CONCLUSION(S): GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

Published
2020

15. Steric effects in the phototransposition reactions of dialkylbenzenes

Author

Gonzalez, C.M. and Pincock, J.A.

Subjects
Alkylbenzene -- Chemical properties -- Research, Chemical reactions -- Research -- Chemical properties, Chemistry, Chemical properties, Research
Abstract

The photochemistry, photophysical properties, and temperature dependence (-25 to +65°C) of fluorescence by quantum yields and excited singlet state lifetimes in acetonitrile have been examined for three sets of dialkylbenzene derivatives: Set 1--ortho-xylene (10), tetralin (11), and indan (12); Set 2-2,3-dimethylbenzonitrile (9-23), 5-cyanotetralin (T-23), and 4-cyanoindan (I-23); and Set 3-3,4-dimethylbenzonitrile (9-34), 6-cyanotetralin (T-34), and 5-cyanoindan (I-34). Phototransposition reactions occur for 10, 9-23, 9-34, and T-34. Fitting of the temperature-dependent fluorescence data to an Arrhenius expression gave A and [E.sub.a] values for all substrates studied except 123 and I-34. The fluorescence intensity of these two compounds was essentially independent of temperature. For the other compounds, the data revealed that the activation barrier separating the excited singlet state ([S.sub.1]) from the reactive intermediate, a prefulvene biradical, was the important one in determining the reaction efficiency. The dominant mode of decay of the reactive intermediate was internal return to the starting material. Moreover, the general observation was made that nitrile substitution ortho to one of the alkyl groups in these dialkylbenzene derivatives reduced the rate at which they were converted to the reactive intermediate and, therefore, also the efficiency of the phototransposition reactions. Key words: phototranspositions, substituted benzenes, temperature-dependent fluorescence, activation parameters. En se basant sur les rendements quantiques ainsi que les temps de vie de l'etat singulet excite observes lors de reactions dans l'acetonitrile, on a etudie la photochimie, les proprietes photophysiques et la relation entre la temperature (-25 h +65°C) et les rendements quantiques pour trois ensembles de derives benzeniques dialkyles, soit l'ensemble 1 forme d'ortho-xylene (10), de tetraline (11) et d'indane (12); l'ensemble 2 forme de 2,3-dimethylbenzonitrile (9-23), de 5-cyanotetraline (T-23) et de 4-cyanoindane (I-23); l'ensemble 3 forme de 3,4-dimethylbenzonitrile (9-34), de 6-cyanotetraline (T-34) et de 5-cyanoindane (I-34). Il se produit des reactions de phototransposition pour les composes 10, 9-23, 9-34 et T-34. Un ajustement des donnees de fluorescence influencees par la temperature a une expression d'Arrhenius permet de calculer les valeurs A et [E.sub.a] pour tousles substrats etudies, a l'exception de I-23 et I-34. L'intensite de la fluorescence de ces deux composes est essentiellement independante de la temperature. Pour les autres composes, les donnees ont permis de determiner que la barriere d'activation qui separe [S.sub.1], l'etat singulet excite, de l'intermediaire reactif, un biradical prefulvene, est celle qui est importante dans la determination de l'efficacite de la reaction. Le mode dominant dans la desactivation de l'intermediaire reactif est le retour interne vers le produit de depart. De plus, on a observe que la presence d'un substituant nitrile en position ortho par rapport aux groupes alkyles de ces dialkylbenzenes provoque une reduction de la vitesse avec laquelle ils se transforment en intermediaires reactifs et que, en consequence, l'efficacite des reactions de phototransposition est aussi reduite. Mots cles: phototranspositions, benzenes substitues, fluorescence dependante de la temperature, parametres d' activation. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Phototransposition reactions were first reported in 1964 by Wilzbach and Kaplan (1) for the xylenes (eq. [1]) and by Burgsthaler et al. (2) for di-tert-butylbenzenes. It was demonstrated (3), [...]

Published
2006

19. Environmental conditions and chemical response of a transplanted lichen to an urban area

Author

Gonzalez, C.M., Orellana, L.C., Casanovas, S.S., and Pignata, M.L.

Subjects
Lichens -- Environmental aspects, Metropolitan areas -- Environmental aspects, Pollution -- Research, Environmental issues
Abstract

Environmental conditions and emission sources of pollution in Cordoba, Argentina, were monitored by transplanting the fruticose lichen Ramalina ecklonii (Spreng.) Mey. and Flot to 28 biomonitoring sites. The biomonitoring sites were selected based on various environmental conditions that include trees, buildings, traffic, industries and altitude. Redundancy analysis was used to analyze the relationships among lichen chemical and environmental variables. The results of the study and their application to future biomonitoring programs are discussed.

Published
1998

24. SAT0509 Clinical and Serological Profile of Children with Positive SSA-Ro/SSB-La Antibodies

Author

Ovalles-Bonilla, J.G., primary, Nieto, J.C., additional, Martinez-Barrio, J., additional, Lopez-Longo, F.J., additional, Janta, I., additional, Naredo, E., additional, Gonzalez, C.M., additional, Hinojosa, M.C., additional, Bello, N., additional, Serrano, B., additional, Mata-Martinez, C., additional, Gonzalez, R., additional, Saenz, C., additional, Monteagudo, I., additional, Hernandez, D., additional, Valor, L., additional, and Carreño, L., additional

Published
2015
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27. AB0719 2-Year Incidence of New Immune-Mediated Inflamatory Diseases in Patients with Spondyloarthritis. the Aquiles Study

Author

García-Vicuna, R., primary, Zarco, P., additional, Gonzalez, C.M., additional, Rodríguez de la Serna, A., additional, Peiro, E., additional, Mateo, I., additional, Linares, L., additional, Calvo, J., additional, Fernandez, S., additional, Cea-Calvo, L., additional, Arteaga, M.J., additional, Marín-Jiménez, I., additional, and Vanaclocha, F., additional

Published
2014
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41. Synthesis of nanowires via helium and neon focused ion beam induced deposition with the gas field ion microscope.

Author

Wu, H. M., Stern, L. A., Chen, J. H., Huth, M., Schwalb, C. H., Winhold, M., Porrati, F., Gonzalez, C.M., Timilsina, R., and Rack, P. D.

Subjects
SYNTHESIS of nanowires, HELIUM, ION beams, GAS fields, FIELD ion microscopes, PLATINUM nanowires, SEDIMENTATION & deposition, AMORPHOUS carbon
Abstract

The ion beam induced nanoscale synthesis of platinum nanowires using the trimethyl (methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) .MeCpPtIVMe3) precursor is investigated using helium and neon ion beams in the gas field ion microscope. The He+ beam induced deposition resembles material deposited by electron beam induced deposition with very small platinum nanocrystallites suspended in a carbonaceous matrix. The He+ deposited material composition was estimated to be 16% Pt in a matrix of amorphous carbon with a large room-temperature resistivity (∼ 3:5 × 104 -2:2 × 105 μΩ cm) and temperature-dependent transport behavior consistent with a granular material in the weak intergrain tunnel coupling regime. The Ne+ deposited material has comparable composition (17%), however a much lower room-temperature resistivity (∼600-3:0 × 103 μΩ cm) and temperature-dependent electrical behavior representative of strong intergrain coupling. The Ne+ deposited nanostructure has larger platinum nanoparticles and is rationalized via Monte Carlo ion-solid simulations which show that the neon energy density deposited during growth is much larger due to the smaller ion range and is dominated by nuclear stopping relative to helium which has a larger range and is dominated by electronic stopping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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42. Alkanes in lichens

Author

Zygadlo, J.A., primary, Pignata, M.L., additional, Gonzalez, C.M., additional, and Levin, A., additional

Published
1993
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45. Review of Impotence Literature Protein and gene expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms I and III in the rat penile shaft.

Author

Gonzalez, C.M., Brannigan, R.E., Bervig, T., Zelner, D., Podlasek, C.A., McKenna, K.E., and McVary, K.T.

Subjects
*IMPOTENCE, *RATS, *NITRIC-oxide synthases, *GENE expression, *PENIS
Abstract

Presents a review of literature on impotence. Protein and gene expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms I and III in the rat penile shaft; Use of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction techniques; Greater expression of NOS III than NOS I in the penile shaft.

Published
2002

47. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Continuum of Care in 11 European Union Countries at the End of 2016 Overall and by Key Population: Have We Made Progress?

Author

Vourli, G., Noori, T., Pharris, A., Porter, K., Axelsson, M., Begovac, J., Cazein, F., Costagliola, D., Cowan, S., Croxford, S., Monforte, A. D., Delpech, V., Diaz, A., Girardi, E., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Hernando, V., Leierer, G., Lot, F., Nunez, O., Obel, N., Op de Coul, E., Paraskeva, D., Patrinos, S., Reiss, P., Schmid, D., Sonnerborg, A., Suligoi, B., Supervie, V., van Sighem, A., Zangerle, R., Touloumi, G., Egle, A., Kanatschnig, M., Ollinger, A., Rieger, A., Schmied, B., Wallner, E., Dewasurendra, D., Gisinger, M., Kitchen, M., Plattner, A., Rieser, E., Sarcletti, M., Greil, R., Schachner, M., Skocic, M., Muller, M., Aichwalder, R., Chromy, D., Grabmeier-Pfstershammer, K., Skoll, M., Touzeau, V., Cichon, P., Wolf-Nussmuller, S., Laferl, H., Zoufaly, A., Genger-Hackl, C., Kapper, A., Schneeberger, T., Trattner, E., Schober, G., Atzl, M., Hartmann, B., Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Berg, J., Appoyer, H., Rappold, M., Strickner, S., Schindelwig, K., Ledergerber, B., Fatkenheuer, G., Gerstof, J., Kronborg, G., Pedersen, C., Larsen, C. S., Pedersen, G., Mohey, R., Nielsen, L., Weise, L., Kvinesdal, B., Jensen, J., Abgrall, S., Bernard, L., Billaud, E., Boue, F., Boyer, L., Cabie, A., Caby, F., Canestri, A., Cotte, L., de Truchis, P., Duval, X., Duvivier, C., Enel, P., Fischer, H., Gasnault, J., Gaud, C., Grabar, S., Khuong-Josses, M. A., Launay, O., Marchand, L., Mary-Krause, M., Matheron, S., Melica-Gregoire, G., Melliez, H., Meynard, J. L., Nacher, M., Pavie, J., Piroth, L., Poizot-Martin, I., Pradier, C., Reynes, J., Rouveix, E., Simon, A., Slama, L., Tattevin, P., Tissot-Dupont, H., Biga, J., Kurth, T., Jacquemet, N., Guiguet, M., Leclercq, S., Lievre, L., Marshall, E., Roul, H., Selinger-Leneman, H., Potard, V., Benveniste, O., Breton, G., Lupin, C., Bourzam, E., Girard, P. M., Fonquernie, L., Valin, N., Lefebvre, B., Sebire, M., Pialoux, G., Lebrette, M. G., Tibaut, P., Adda, A., Hamidi, M., Cadranel, J., Lavole, A., Parrot, A., Bouchaud, O., Vignier, N., Mechai, F., Makhlouf, S., Honore, P., Bergmann, J. F., Delcey, V., Lopes, A., Sellier, P., Parrinello, M., Oksenhendler, E., Gerard, L., Molina, J. M., Rozenbaum, W., Denis, B., De Castro, N., Lascoux, C., Yazdanpanah, Y., Lariven, S., Joly, V., Rioux, C., Poupard, M., Taverne, B., Sutton, L., Masse, V., Genet, P., Wifaq, B., Gerbe, J., Grefe, S., Dupont, C., Freire Maresca, A., Reimann, E., Bloch, M., Meier, F., Mortier, E., Zeng, F., Montoya, B., Perronne, C., Mathez, D., Marigot-Outtandy, D., Berthe, H., Greder Belan, A., Terby, A., Godin Collet, C., Marque Juillet, S., Ruquet, M., Roussin-Bretagne, S., Colardelle, P., Granier, F., Laurichesse, J. J., Perronne, V., Akpan, T., Marcou, M., Daneluzzi, V., Veyssier-Belot, C., Masson, H., Welker, Y., Brazille, P., Kahn, J. E., Zucman, D., Majerholc, C., Fourn, E., Bornarel, D., Chambrin, V., Kansau, I., Raho-Moussa, M., Lelievre, J. D., Saidani, M., Chesnel, C., Dumont, C., Vittecoq, D., Derradji, O., Bolliot, C., Goujard, C., Teicher, E., Mole, M., Bourdic, K., Salmon, D., Le Jeunne, C., Guet, P., Pietri, M. P., Pannier Metzger, E., Marcou, V., Loulergue, P., Dupin, N., Morini, J. P., Deleuze, J., Gerhardt, P., Chanal, J., Weiss, L., Lucas, M. L., Jung, C., Ptak, M., Viard, J. P., Ghosn, J., Gazalet, P., Cros, A., Maignan, A., Lortholary, O., Rouzaud, C., Touam, F., Benhadj, K., Consigny, P. H., Bossi, P., Gergely, A., Cessot, G., Durand, F., Beck-Wirth, G., Michel, C., Benomar, M., Rey, D., Partisani, M., Cheneau, C., Batard, M. L., Fischer, P., Leclercq, P., Blanc, M., Morand, P., Epaulard, O., Signori-Schmuck, A., Laurichesse, H., Jacomet, C., Vidal, M., Coban, D., Casanova, S., Fresard, A., Guglielminotti, C., Botelho-Nevers, E., Brunon-Gagneux, A., Ronat, V., Verdon, R., Dargere, S., Haustraete, E., Feret, P., Goubin, P., Chavanet, P., Fillion, A., Croisier, D., Gohier, S., Arvieux, C., Souala, F., Chapplain, J. M., Ratajczak, M., Rohan, J., Faller, J. P., Ruyer, O., Gendrin, V., Toko, L., Chirouze, C., Hustache-Mathieu, L., Faucher, J. F., Proust, A., Magy-Bertrand, N., Gil, H., Meaux-Ruault, N., Sotto, A., Rouanet, I., Mauboussin, J. M., Doncesco, R., Jacques, G., May, T., Rabaud, C., Andre, M., Delestan, M., Bouillon, M. P., Bani-Sadr, F., Rouger, C., Berger, J. L., Nguyen, Y., Marchou, B., Delobel, P., Martin Blondel, G., Cuzin, L., Biezunski, N., Alric, L., Bonnet, D., Guivarch, M., Palacin, A., Payssan, V., Ajana, F., Meybeck, A., Viget, N., Pugliese, P., Roger, P. M., Rosenthal, E., Durant, J., Cua, E., Naqvi, A., Perbost, I., Risso, K., Quinsat, D., Raphael, St., Del Giudice, P., Dides, P. Y., Sambuc, R., Antolini-Bouvenot, M. S., Druart, P., Meddeb, L., Ravaux, I., Menard, A., Tomei, C., Dhiver, C., Moreau, J., Mokhtari, S., Soavi, M. J., Tomas, V., Bregigeon, S., Faucher, O., Obry-Roguet, V., Ritleng, A. S., Petit, N., Bartoli, C., Ruiz, J. M., Blanc, D., Allegre, T., Sordage, M., Riou, J. M., Faudon, C., Slama, B., Zerazhi, H., Boulat, O., Chebrek, S., Beyrne, M., Granet Brunello, P., Pellissier, L., Bonnabel, D., Cohen Valensi, R., Mouchet, B., Mboungou, G., Lafeuillade, A., Hope-Rapp, E., Hittinger, G., Philip, G., Lambry, V., Raf, F., Allavena, C., Hall, N., Reliquet, V., Chidiac, C., Ferry, T., Perpoint, T., Miailhes, P., Boibieux, A., Livrozet, J. M., Makhlouf, D., Brunel, F., Chiarello, P., Hoen, B., Lamaury, I., Fabre, I., Samar, K., Duvallon, E., Clavel, C., Stegmann, S., Walter, V., Adriouch, L., Huber, F., Vanticlke, V., Couppie, P., Abel, S., Pierre-Francois, S., Ricaud, C., Rodet, R., Wartel, G., Sautron, C., Poubeau, P., Borgherini, G., Camuset, G., Arasteh, K., Kowohl Vivantes, S., Schurmann, D., Warncke Charite, M., Rockstroh, J., Wasmuth, J., Hass, S., Jensen, B. O., Feind, C., Esser, S., Schenk-Westkamp, P., Haberl, A., Stephan, C., Plettenberg, A., Kuhlendahl, F., Adam, A., Weitner, L., Schewe, K., Goey, H., Fenske, S., Buhk, T., Stellbrink, H. J., Hofmann, C., Hansen, S., Degen, O., Heuer, M., Stoll, M., Gerschmann, S., Horst, H., Trautmann, S., Gillor, D., Bogner, J., Sonntag, B., Salzberger, B., Fritzsche, C., Adamis, G., Antoniadou, A., Chini, M., Chrysos, G., Gikas, A., Gogos, H. A., Katsarou, O., Lazanas, M., Metallidis, S., Panagopoulos, P., Paparizos, V., Papastamopoulos, V., Paraskevis, D., Psychogiou, M., Sambatakou, H., Sipsas, N. V., Pantazis, N., Papadopoulos, A., Nitsotolis, T., Xylomenos, G., Marangos, M. N., Kouramba, A., Kontos, A., Lioni, A., Tsachouridou, O., Kourkounti, S., Ganitis, A., Barbounakis, E., d'Arminio Monforte, A., Antinori, A., Andreoni, M., Castagna, A., Castelli, F., Cauda, R., Di Perri, G., Galli, M., Iardino, R., Ippolito, G., Lazzarin, A., Marchetti, G. C., Rezza, G., von Schloesser, F., Viale, P., Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Lo Caputo, S., Mussini, C., Puoti, M., Perno, C. F., Bai, F., Balotta, C., Bandera, A., Bonora, S., Borderi, M., Calcagno, A., Capetti, A., Capobianchi, M. R., Cicalini, S., Cingolani, A., Cinque, P., Di Biagio, A., Gianotti, N., Gori, A., Guaraldi, G., Lapadula, G., Lichtner, M., Madeddu, G., Maggiolo, F., Marchetti, G., Monno, L., Nozza, S., Pinnetti, C., Quiros Roldan, E., Rossotti, R., Rusconi, S., Santoro, M. M., Saracino, A., Sarmati, L., Fanti, I., Galli, L., Lorenzini, P., Rodano, A., Macchia, M., Tavelli, A., Carletti, F., Carrara, S., Di Caro, A., Graziano, S., Petroni, F., Prota, G., Trufa, S., Giacometti, A., Costantini, A., Barocci, V., Angarano, G., Milano, E., Suardi, C., Donati, V., Verucchi, G., Castelnuovo, F., Minardi, C., Menzaghi, B., Abeli, C., Cacopardo, B., Celesia, B., Vecchiet, J., Falasca, K., Pan, A., Lorenzotti, S., Sighinolf, L., Segala, D., Blanc, P., Vichi, F., Cassola, G., Viscoli, C., Alessandrini, A., Bobbio, N., Mazzarello, G., Fondaco, L., Bonfanti, P., Molteni, C., Chiodera, A., Milini, P., Nunnari, G., Pellicano, G., Rizzardini, G., Cannizzo, E. S., Moioli, M. C., Piolini, R., Bernacchia, D., Salpietro, S., Tincati, C., Puzzolante, C., Migliorino, C., Sangiovanni, V., Borgia, G., Esposito, V., Di Flumeri, G., Gentile, I., Rizzo, V., Cattelan, A. M., Marinello, S., Cascio, A., Trizzino, M., Francisci, D., Schiaroli, E., Parruti, G., Sozio, F., Magnani, G., Ursitti, M. A., Cristaudo, A., Vullo, V., Acinapura, R., Moschese, D., Capozzi, M., Mondi, A., Rivano Capparuccia, M., Iaiani, G., Latini, A., Gagliardini, R., Plazzi, M. M., De Girolamo, G., Vergori, A., Cecchetto, M., Viviani, F., De Vito, A., Rossetti, B., Montagnani, F., Franco, A., Fontana Del Vecchio, R., Di Giuli, C., Caramello, P., Orofno, G. C., Sciandra, M., Bassetti, M., Londero, A., Manfrin, V., Battagin, G., Starnini, G., Ialungo, A., van der Valk, M., Geerlings, S. E., Goorhuis, A., Hovius, J. W., Lempkes, B., Nellen, F. J. B., van der Poll, T., Prins, J. M., van Vugt, M., Wiersinga, W. J., Wit, F. W. M. N., van Duinen, M., van Eden, J., Hazenberg, A., van Hes, A. M. H., Pijnappel, F. J. J., Smalhout, S. Y., Weijsenfeld, A. M., Jurriaans, S., Back, N. K. T., Zaaijer, H. L., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M. T. E., Schinkel, C. J., Wolthers, K. C., Peters, E. J. G., van Agtmael, M. A., Bomers, M., Sigalof, K. C. E., Heitmuller, M., Laan, L. M., Ang, C. W., van Houdt, R., Jonges, M., van Prehn, J., Kuijpers, T. W., Pajkrt, D., Scherpbier, H. J., de Boer, C., van der Plas, A., van den Berge, M., Stegeman, A., Baas, S., Hage de Loof, L., Wintermans, B., Veenemans, J., Pronk, M. J. H., Ammerlaan, H. S. M., de Munnik, E. S., Jansz, A. R., Tjhie, J., Wegdam, M. C. A., Deiman, B., Scharnhorst, V., van Eeden, A., Brokking, W., Elsenburg, L. J. M., Nobel, H., Damen, M., van Kasteren, M. E. E., Berrevoets, M. A. H., Brouwer, A. E., Adams, A., de Kruijf-Van de Wiel, B. A. F. M., Keelan-Pfaf, S., van der Ven, B., Buiting, A. G. M., Murck, J. L., Versteeg, D., de Vries-Sluijs, T. E. M. S., Bax, H. I., van Gorp, E. C. M., Nouwen, J. L., Rijnders, B. J. A., Schurink, C. A. M., Verbon, A., de Jong-Peltenburg, N. C., Bassant, N., van Beek, J. E. A., Vriesde, M., van Zonneveld, L. M., van den Berg-Cameron, H. J., de Groot, J., Boucher, C. A. B., Koopmans, M. P. G., van Kampen, J. J. A., Fraaij, P. L. A., van Rossum, A. M. C., Vermont, C. L., van der Knaap, L. C., Visser, E., Branger, J., Douma, R. A., Duijf-Van de Ven, C. J. H. M., Schippers, E. F., van Nieuwkoop, C., van IJperen, J. M., Geilings, J., van der Hut, G., van Burgel, N. D., Leyten, E. M. S., Gelinck, L. B. S., Mollema, F., Davids-Veldhuis, S., Wildenbeest, G. S., Heikens, E., Groeneveld, P. H. P., Bouwhuis, J. W., Lammers, A. J. J., Kraan, S., van Hulzen, A. G. W., Kruiper, M. S. M., van der Bliek, G. L., Bor, P. C. J., Bloembergen, P., Wolfagen, M. J. H. M., Ruijs, G. J. H. M., Kroon, F. P., de Boer, M. G. J., Scheper, H., Jolink, H., Dorama, W., van Holten, N., Claas, E. C. J., Wessels, E., den Hollander, J. G., El Moussaoui, R., Pogany, K., Kastelijns, M., Smit, J. V., Smit, E., Struik-Kalkman, D., Tearno, C., van Niekerk, T., Pontesilli, O., Lowe, S. H., Oude Lashof, A. M. L., Posthouwer, D., Ackens, R. P., Burgers, K., Schippers, J., Weijenberg-Maes, B., van Loo, I. H. M., Havenith, T. R. A., Weijer, S., van Vonderen, M. G. A., Kampschreur, L. M., Faber, S., Steeman-Bouma, R., Weel, J., Kootstra, G. J., Delsing, C. E., van der Burg-Van de Plas, M., Heins, H., Kortmann, W., van Twillert, G., Renckens, R., Ruiter-Pronk, D., van Truijen-Oud, F. A., Cohen Stuart, J. W. T., Jansen, E. R., Hoogewerf, M., Rozemeijer, W., van der Reijden, W. A., Sinnige, J. C., Brinkman, K., van den Berk, G. E. L., Blok, W. L., Frissen, P. H. J., Lettinga, K. D., Schouten, W. E. M., Veenstra, J., Vrouenraets, S. M. E., Brouwer, C. J., Geerders, G. F., Hoeksema, K., Kleene, M. J., Knapen, M., van der Meche, I. B., Mulder-Seeleman, E., Toonen, A. J. M., Wijnands, S., Kwa, D., van Crevel, R., van Aerde, K., Doferhof, A. S. M., Henriet, S. S. V., ter Hofstede, H. J. M., Hoogerwerf, J., Keuter, M., Richel, O., Albers, M., Grintjes-Huisman, K. J. T., de Haan, M., Marneef, M., Strik-Albers, R., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Stelma, F. F., Burger, D., Gisolf, E. H., Hassing, R. J., Claassen, M., ter Beest, G., van Bentum, P. H. M., Langebeek, N., Tiemessen, R., Swanink, C. M. A., van Lelyveld, S. F. L., Soetekouw, R., van der Prijt, L. M. M., van der Swaluw, J., Bermon, N., Jansen, R., Herpers, B. L., Veenendaal, D., Verhagen, D. W. M., Lauw, F. N., van Broekhuizen, M. C., van Wijk, M., Bierman, W. F. W., Bakker, M., Kleinnijenhuis, J., Kloeze, E., Middel, A., Scholvinck, E. H., Stienstra, Y., Verhage, A. R., Wouthuyzen-Bakker, K. M., Boonstra, A., de Groot-De Jonge, H., van der Meulen, P. A., de Weerd, D. A., Niesters, H. G. M., van Leer-Buter, C. C., Knoester, M., Hoepelman, A. I. M., Arends, J. E., Barth, R. E., Bruns, A. H. W., Ellerbroek, P. M., Mudrikova, T., Oosterheert, J. J., de Regt, M. J. A., Schadd, E. M., van Zoelen, M. A. D., Aarsman, K., Grifoen-Van Santen, B. M. G., de Kroon, I., van Rooijen, C. S. A. M., van Berkel, M., Schuurman, R., Verduyn-Lunel, F., Wensing, A. M. J., Bont, L. J., Geelen, S. P. M., Loefen, Y. G. T., Wolfs, T. F. W., Nauta, N., Zaheri, S., Boyd, A. C., Bezemer, D. O., van Sighem, A. I., Smit, C., Hillebregt, M., de Jong, A., Woudstra, T., Bergsma, D., Meijering, R., van de Sande, L., Rutkens, T., van der Vliet, S., de Groot, L., van den Akker, M., Bakker, Y., El Berkaoui, A., Bezemer, M., Bretin, N., Djoechro, E., Geerlinks, J., Kruijne, E., Lodewijk, C., Lucas, E., van der Meer, R., Munjishvili, L., Paling, F., Peeck, B., Ree, C., Regtop, R., Ruijs, Y., Schoorl, M., Schnorr, P., Tuijn, E., Veenenberg, L., Witte, E. C., Tuk, B., Moreno, S., del Amo, J., Dalmau, D., Navarro, M. L., Gonzalez, M. I., Blanco, J. L., Garcia, F., Rubio, R., Iribarren, J. A., Gutierrez, F., Vidal, F., Berenguer, J., Gonzalez, J., Sobrino, P., Alejos, B., Alvarez, D., Jarrin, I., Moreno, C., Munoz-Fernandez, M. A., Garcia-Merino, I., Rico, C. G., de la Fuente, J. G., Torre, A. G., Portilla, J., Merino, E., Reus, S., Boix, V., Giner, L., Gadea, C., Portilla, I., Pampliega, M., Diez, M., Rodriguez, J. C., Sanchez-Paya, J., Podzamczer, D., Imaz, E. F. A., Van Den Eyncle, E., Di Yacovo, S., Sumoy, M., Gomez, J. L., Hernandez, J., Aleman, M. R., Alonso, M. D. M., Hernandez, M. I., Diaz-Flores, F., Garcia, D., Pelazas, R., Asensi, V., Valle, E., Carton, J. A., Perez, V. E., Molina, M. J. T., Garcia, J. V., Carrera, E. P. -C., Pulido, F., Bisbal, O., Matarranz, M., Lagarde, M., Rubio-Martin, R., Hernando, A., Bermejo, L., Dominguez, L., Arrizabalaga, J., Aramburu, M. J., Camino, X., Rodriguez-Arrondo, F., von Wichmann, M. A., Tome, L. P., Goenaga, M. A., Bustinduy, M. J., Galparsoro, H. A., Ibarguren, M., Aguado, M., Umerez, M., Masia, M., Lopez, C., Padilla, S., Navarro, A., Montolio, F., Robledano, C., Colome, J. G., Adsuar, A., Pascual, R., Carlos, F., Martinez, M., Garcia, J. L., Fernandez, M., Garcia, E., Muga, R., Tor, J., Sanvisens, A., Bernaldo de Quiros Lopez, J. C., Miralles, P., Gutierrez, I., Ramirez, M., Padilla, B., Gijon, P., Carrero, A., Aldamiz-Echevarria, T., Tejerina, F., Parras, F. J., Balsalobre, P., Diez, C., Peraire, J., Vilades, C., Veloso, S., Vargas, M., Lopez-Dupla, M., Olona, M., Aguilar, A., Sirvent, J. J., Alba, V., Calavia, O., Montero, M., Lacruz, J., Blanes, M., Calabuig, E., Cuellar, S., Lopez, J., Salavert, M., de la Serna, I. B., Arribas, J. R., Montes, M. L., Pena, J. M., Arribas, B., Castro, J. M., Zamora, J., Perez, I., Estebanez, M., Garcia, S., Diaz, M., Alcariz, N. S., Mingorance, J., Montero, D., Gonzalez, A., Isabel de Jose, M., de los Santos, I., Sanz, J., Salas, A., Sarria, C., Berrocal, A. G., Garcia-Fraile, L., Oteo, J. A., Blanco, J. R., Ibarra, V., Metola, L., Sanz, M., Perez-Martinez, L., Pascual, A., Ramos, C., Arazo, P., Gil, D., Jaen, A., Cairo, M., Irigoyen, D., Jordano, Q., Xercavins, M., Martinez-Lacasa, J., Velli, P., Font, R., Sanmarti, M., Ibanez, L., Rivero, M., Casado, M. I., Diaz, J. A., Uriz, J., Reparaz, J., Irigoyen, C., Arraiza, M. J., Segura, F., Amengual, M. J., Navarro, G., Sala, M., Cervantes, M., Pineda, V., Segura, V., Navarro, M., Anton, E., Nogueras, M. M., Casado, J. L., Dronda, F., Moreno, A., Elias, M. J. P., Lopez, D., Gutierrez, C., Madrid, N., Lamas, A., Marti, P., de Diaz, A., Serrrano, S., Donat, L., Cano, A., Bernal, E., Munoz, A., Pena, A., Munoz, L., Parra, J., Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Guillot, V., Vinuesa, D., Fernandez, J. A., Del Romero, J., Rodriguez, C., Puerta, T., Carrio, J. C., Vera, M., Ballesteros, J., Domingo, P., Sambeat, M. A., Lamarca, K., Mateo, G., Gutierrez, M., Fernandez, I., Antela, A., Losada, E., Riera, M., Penaranda, M., Leyes, M., Ribas, M. A., Campins, A. A., Vidal, C., Gil, L., Fanjul, F., Marinescu, C., Ribera, E., Santos, J., Marquez, M., Viciana, I., Palacios, R., Gonzalez, C. M., Viciana, P., Leal, M., Lopez-Cortes, L. F., Espinosa, N., Munoz, J., Zubero, M. Z., Baraia-Etxaburu, J. M., Ibarra, S., Ferrero, O., Lopez de Munain, J., Camara, M. M., Lopez, I., de la Pena, M., Suarez-Garcia, I., Malmierca, E., Olalla, J., del Arco, A., de la Torre, J., Prada, J. L., Caracuel, Z., Lopez-Lirola, A. M., Lozano, A. B., Fernandez, E., Fernandez, J. M., Martinez, O. J., Vera, F. J., Martinez, L., Garcia, J., Alcaraz, B., Jimeno, A., Poveda, E., Pernas, B., Mena, A., Grandal, M., Castro, A., Pedreira, J. D., Galera, C., Albendin, H., Iborra, A., Campillo, M. A., Vidal, A., Amador, C., Pasquau, F., Ena, J., Benito, C., Fenoll, V., Mohamed-Balghata, M. O., Gomez, M. A., Alberto de Zarraga, M., Rivas, M. E., Gorgolas, M., Svedhem-Johansson, V., Flamholc, L., Gisslen, M., Hejdeman, B., Norgren, H., Wendahl, S., European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Esser, Stefan (Beitragende*r), Schenk-Westkamp, Pia (Herausgeber*in), Vourli G., Noori T., Pharris A., Porter K., Axelsson M., Begovac J., Cazein F., Costagliola D., Cowan S., Croxford S., Monforte A.D., Delpech V., Diaz A., Girardi E., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B., Hernando V., Leierer G., Lot F., Nunez O., Obel N., Op de Coul E., Paraskeva D., Patrinos S., Reiss P., Schmid D., Sonnerborg A., Suligoi B., Supervie V., van Sighem A., Zangerle R., Touloumi G., Egle A., Kanatschnig M., Ollinger A., Rieger A., Schmied B., Wallner E., Dewasurendra D., Gisinger M., Kitchen M., Plattner A., Rieser E., Sarcletti M., Greil R., Schachner M., Skocic M., Muller M., Aichwalder R., Chromy D., Grabmeier-Pfstershammer K., Skoll M., Touzeau V., Cichon P., Wolf-Nussmuller S., Laferl H., Zoufaly A., Genger-Hackl C., Kapper A., Schneeberger T., Trattner E., Schober G., Atzl M., Hartmann B., Puchhammer-Stockl E., Berg J., Appoyer H., Rappold M., Strickner S., Schindelwig K., Ledergerber B., Fatkenheuer G., Gerstof J., Kronborg G., Pedersen C., Larsen C.S., Pedersen G., Mohey R., Nielsen L., Weise L., Kvinesdal B., Jensen J., Abgrall S., Bernard L., Billaud E., Boue F., Boyer L., Cabie A., Caby F., Canestri A., Cotte L., de Truchis P., Duval X., Duvivier C., Enel P., Fischer H., Gasnault J., Gaud C., Grabar S., Khuong-Josses M.A., Launay O., Marchand L., Mary-Krause M., Matheron S., Melica-Gregoire G., Melliez H., Meynard J.L., Nacher M., Pavie J., Piroth L., Poizot-Martin I., Pradier C., Reynes J., Rouveix E., Simon A., Slama L., Tattevin P., Tissot-Dupont H., Biga J., Kurth T., Jacquemet N., Guiguet M., Leclercq S., Lievre L., Marshall E., Roul H., Selinger-Leneman H., Potard V., Benveniste O., Breton G., Lupin C., Bourzam E., Girard P.M., Fonquernie L., Valin N., Lefebvre B., Sebire M., Pialoux G., Lebrette M.G., Tibaut P., Adda A., Hamidi M., Cadranel J., Lavole A., Parrot A., Bouchaud O., Vignier N., Mechai F., Makhlouf S., Honore P., Bergmann J.F., Delcey V., Lopes A., Sellier P., Parrinello M., Oksenhendler E., Gerard L., Molina J.M., Rozenbaum W., Denis B., De Castro N., Lascoux C., Yazdanpanah Y., Lariven S., Joly V., Rioux C., Poupard M., Taverne B., Sutton L., Masse V., Genet P., Wifaq B., Gerbe J., Grefe S., Dupont C., Freire Maresca A., Reimann E., Bloch M., Meier F., Mortier E., Zeng F., Montoya B., Perronne C., Mathez D., Marigot-Outtandy D., Berthe H., Greder Belan A., Terby A., Godin Collet C., Marque Juillet S., Ruquet M., Roussin-Bretagne S., Colardelle P., Granier F., Laurichesse J.J., Perronne V., Akpan T., Marcou M., Daneluzzi V., Veyssier-Belot C., Masson H., Welker Y., Brazille P., Kahn J.E., Zucman D., Majerholc C., Fourn E., Bornarel D., Chambrin V., Kansau I., Raho-Moussa M., Lelievre J.D., Saidani M., Chesnel C., Dumont C., Vittecoq D., Derradji O., Bolliot C., Goujard C., Teicher E., Mole M., Bourdic K., Salmon D., Le Jeunne C., Guet P., Pietri M.P., Pannier Metzger E., Marcou V., Loulergue P., Dupin N., Morini J.P., Deleuze J., Gerhardt P., Chanal J., Weiss L., Lucas M.L., Jung C., Ptak M., Viard J.P., Ghosn J., Gazalet P., Cros A., Maignan A., Lortholary O., Rouzaud C., Touam F., Benhadj K., Consigny P.H., Bossi P., Gergely A., Cessot G., Durand F., Beck-Wirth G., Michel C., Benomar M., Rey D., Partisani M., Cheneau C., Batard M.L., Fischer P., Leclercq P., Blanc M., Morand P., Epaulard O., Signori-Schmuck A., Laurichesse H., Jacomet C., Vidal M., Coban D., Casanova S., Fresard A., Guglielminotti C., Botelho-Nevers E., Brunon-Gagneux A., Ronat V., Verdon R., Dargere S., Haustraete E., Feret P., Goubin P., Chavanet P., Fillion A., Croisier D., Gohier S., Arvieux C., Souala F., Chapplain J.M., Ratajczak M., Rohan J., Faller J.P., Ruyer O., Gendrin V., Toko L., Chirouze C., Hustache-Mathieu L., Faucher J.F., Proust A., Magy-Bertrand N., Gil H., Meaux-Ruault N., Sotto A., Rouanet I., Mauboussin J.M., Doncesco R., Jacques G., May T., Rabaud C., Andre M., Delestan M., Bouillon M.P., Bani-Sadr F., Rouger C., Berger J.L., Nguyen Y., Marchou B., Delobel P., Martin Blondel G., Cuzin L., Biezunski N., Alric L., Bonnet D., Guivarch M., Palacin A., Payssan V., Ajana F., Meybeck A., Viget N., Pugliese P., Roger P.M., Rosenthal E., Durant J., Cua E., Naqvi A., Perbost I., Risso K., Quinsat D., Raphael St., Del Giudice P., Dides P.Y., Sambuc R., Antolini-Bouvenot M.S., Druart P., Meddeb L., Ravaux I., Menard A., Tomei C., Dhiver C., Moreau J., Mokhtari S., Soavi M.J., Tomas V., Bregigeon S., Faucher O., Obry-Roguet V., Ritleng A.S., Petit N., Bartoli C., Ruiz J.M., Blanc D., Allegre T., Sordage M., Riou J.M., Faudon C., Slama B., Zerazhi H., Boulat O., Chebrek S., Beyrne M., Granet Brunello P., Pellissier L., Bonnabel D., Cohen Valensi R., Mouchet B., Mboungou G., Lafeuillade A., Hope-Rapp E., Hittinger G., Philip G., Lambry V., Raf F., Allavena C., Hall N., Reliquet V., Chidiac C., Ferry T., Perpoint T., Miailhes P., Boibieux A., Livrozet J.M., Makhlouf D., Brunel F., Chiarello P., Hoen B., Lamaury I., Fabre I., Samar K., Duvallon E., Clavel C., Stegmann S., Walter V., Adriouch L., Huber F., Vanticlke V., Couppie P., Abel S., Pierre-Francois S., Ricaud C., Rodet R., Wartel G., Sautron C., Poubeau P., Borgherini G., Camuset G., Arasteh K., Kowohl Vivantes S., Schurmann D., Warncke Charite M., Rockstroh J., Wasmuth J., Hass S., Jensen B.O., Feind C., Esser S., Schenk-Westkamp P., Haberl A., Stephan C., Plettenberg A., Kuhlendahl F., Adam A., Weitner L., Schewe K., Goey H., Fenske S., Buhk T., Stellbrink H.J., Hofmann C., Hansen S., Degen O., Heuer M., Stoll M., Gerschmann S., Horst H., Trautmann S., Gillor D., Bogner J., Sonntag B., Salzberger B., Fritzsche C., Adamis G., Antoniadou A., Chini M., Chrysos G., Gikas A., Gogos H.A., Katsarou O., Lazanas M., Metallidis S., Panagopoulos P., Paparizos V., Papastamopoulos V., Paraskevis D., Psychogiou M., Sambatakou H., Sipsas N.V., Pantazis N., Papadopoulos A., Nitsotolis T., Xylomenos G., Marangos M.N., Kouramba A., Kontos A., Lioni A., Tsachouridou O., Kourkounti S., Ganitis A., Barbounakis E., d'Arminio Monforte A., Antinori A., Andreoni M., Castagna A., Castelli F., Cauda R., Di Perri G., Galli M., Iardino R., Ippolito G., Lazzarin A., Marchetti G.C., Rezza G., von Schloesser F., Viale P., Ceccherini-Silberstein F., Cozzi-Lepri A., Lo Caputo S., Mussini C., Puoti M., Perno C.F., Bai F., Balotta C., Bandera A., Bonora S., Borderi M., Calcagno A., Capetti A., Capobianchi M.R., Cicalini S., Cingolani A., Cinque P., Di Biagio A., Gianotti N., Gori A., Guaraldi G., Lapadula G., Lichtner M., Madeddu G., Maggiolo F., Marchetti G., Monno L., Nozza S., Pinnetti C., Quiros Roldan E., Rossotti R., Rusconi S., Santoro M.M., Saracino A., Sarmati L., Fanti I., Galli L., Lorenzini P., Rodano A., Macchia M., Tavelli A., Carletti F., Carrara S., Di Caro A., Graziano S., Petroni F., Prota G., Trufa S., Giacometti A., Costantini A., Barocci V., Angarano G., Milano E., Suardi C., Donati V., Verucchi G., Castelnuovo F., Minardi C., Menzaghi B., Abeli C., Cacopardo B., Celesia B., Vecchiet J., Falasca K., Pan A., Lorenzotti S., Sighinolf L., Segala D., Blanc P., Vichi F., Cassola G., Viscoli C., Alessandrini A., Bobbio N., Mazzarello G., Fondaco L., Bonfanti P., Molteni C., Chiodera A., Milini P., Nunnari G., Pellicano G., Rizzardini G., Cannizzo E.S., Moioli M.C., Piolini R., Bernacchia D., Salpietro S., Tincati C., Puzzolante C., Migliorino C., Sangiovanni V., Borgia G., Esposito V., Di Flumeri G., Gentile I., Rizzo V., Cattelan A.M., Marinello S., Cascio A., Trizzino M., Francisci D., Schiaroli E., Parruti G., Sozio F., Magnani G., Ursitti M.A., Cristaudo A., Vullo V., Acinapura R., Moschese D., Capozzi M., Mondi A., Rivano Capparuccia M., Iaiani G., Latini A., Gagliardini R., Plazzi M.M., De Girolamo G., Vergori A., Cecchetto M., Viviani F., De Vito A., Rossetti B., Montagnani F., Franco A., Fontana Del Vecchio R., Di Giuli C., Caramello P., Orofno G.C., Sciandra M., Bassetti M., Londero A., Manfrin V., Battagin G., Starnini G., Ialungo A., van der Valk M., Geerlings S.E., Goorhuis A., Hovius J.W., Lempkes B., Nellen F.J.B., van der Poll T., Prins J.M., van Vugt M., Wiersinga W.J., Wit F.W.M.N., van Duinen M., van Eden J., Hazenberg A., van Hes A.M.H., Pijnappel F.J.J., Smalhout S.Y., Weijsenfeld A.M., Jurriaans S., Back N.K.T., Zaaijer H.L., Berkhout B., Cornelissen M.T.E., Schinkel C.J., Wolthers K.C., Peters E.J.G., van Agtmael M.A., Bomers M., Sigalof K.C.E., Heitmuller M., Laan L.M., Ang C.W., van Houdt R., Jonges M., van Prehn J., Kuijpers T.W., Pajkrt D., Scherpbier H.J., de Boer C., van der Plas A., van den Berge M., Stegeman A., Baas S., Hage de Loof L., Wintermans B., Veenemans J., Pronk M.J.H., Ammerlaan H.S.M., de Munnik E.S., Jansz A.R., Tjhie J., Wegdam M.C.A., Deiman B., Scharnhorst V., van Eeden A., Brokking W., Elsenburg L.J.M., Nobel H., Damen M., van Kasteren M.E.E., Berrevoets M.A.H., Brouwer A.E., Adams A., de Kruijf-Van de Wiel B.A.F.M., Keelan-Pfaf S., van der Ven B., Buiting A.G.M., Murck J.L., Versteeg D., de Vries-Sluijs T.E.M.S., Bax H.I., van Gorp E.C.M., Nouwen J.L., Rijnders B.J.A., Schurink C.A.M., Verbon A., de Jong-Peltenburg N.C., Bassant N., van Beek J.E.A., Vriesde M., van Zonneveld L.M., van den Berg-Cameron H.J., de Groot J., Boucher C.A.B., Koopmans M.P.G., van Kampen J.J.A., Fraaij P.L.A., van Rossum A.M.C., Vermont C.L., van der Knaap L.C., Visser E., Branger J., Douma R.A., Duijf-Van de Ven C.J.H.M., Schippers E.F., van Nieuwkoop C., van IJperen J.M., Geilings J., van der Hut G., van Burgel N.D., Leyten E.M.S., Gelinck L.B.S., Mollema F., Davids-Veldhuis S., Wildenbeest G.S., Heikens E., Groeneveld P.H.P., Bouwhuis J.W., Lammers A.J.J., Kraan S., van Hulzen A.G.W., Kruiper M.S.M., van der Bliek G.L., Bor P.C.J., Bloembergen P., Wolfagen M.J.H.M., Ruijs G.J.H.M., Kroon F.P., de Boer M.G.J., Scheper H., Jolink H., Dorama W., van Holten N., Claas E.C.J., Wessels E., den Hollander J.G., El Moussaoui R., Pogany K., Kastelijns M., Smit J.V., Smit E., Struik-Kalkman D., Tearno C., van Niekerk T., Pontesilli O., Lowe S.H., Oude Lashof A.M.L., Posthouwer D., Ackens R.P., Burgers K., Schippers J., Weijenberg-Maes B., van Loo I.H.M., Havenith T.R.A., Weijer S., van Vonderen M.G.A., Kampschreur L.M., Faber S., Steeman-Bouma R., Weel J., Kootstra G.J., Delsing C.E., van der Burg-Van de Plas M., Heins H., Kortmann W., van Twillert G., Renckens R., Ruiter-Pronk D., van Truijen-Oud F.A., Cohen Stuart J.W.T., Jansen E.R., Hoogewerf M., Rozemeijer W., van der Reijden W.A., Sinnige J.C., Brinkman K., van den Berk G.E.L., Blok W.L., Frissen P.H.J., Lettinga K.D., Schouten W.E.M., Veenstra J., Vrouenraets S.M.E., Brouwer C.J., Geerders G.F., Hoeksema K., Kleene M.J., Knapen M., van der Meche I.B., Mulder-Seeleman E., Toonen A.J.M., Wijnands S., Kwa D., van Crevel R., van Aerde 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Rooijen C.S.A.M., van Berkel M., Schuurman R., Verduyn-Lunel F., Wensing A.M.J., Bont L.J., Geelen S.P.M., Loefen Y.G.T., Wolfs T.F.W., Nauta N., Zaheri S., Boyd A.C., Bezemer D.O., van Sighem A.I., Smit C., Hillebregt M., de Jong A., Woudstra T., Bergsma D., Meijering R., van de Sande L., Rutkens T., van der Vliet S., de Groot L., van den Akker M., Bakker Y., El Berkaoui A., Bezemer M., Bretin N., Djoechro E., Geerlinks J., Kruijne E., Lodewijk C., Lucas E., van der Meer R., Munjishvili L., Paling F., Peeck B., Ree C., Regtop R., Ruijs Y., Schoorl M., Schnorr P., Tuijn E., Veenenberg L., Witte E.C., Tuk B., Moreno S., del Amo J., Dalmau D., Navarro M.L., Gonzalez M.I., Blanco J.L., Garcia F., Rubio R., Iribarren J.A., Gutierrez F., Vidal F., Berenguer J., Gonzalez J., Sobrino P., Alejos B., Alvarez D., Jarrin I., Moreno C., Munoz-Fernandez M.A., Garcia-Merino I., Rico C.G., de la Fuente J.G., Torre A.G., Portilla J., Merino E., Reus S., Boix V., Giner L., Gadea C., Portilla I., 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Vilades C., Veloso S., Vargas M., Lopez-Dupla M., Olona M., Aguilar A., Sirvent J.J., Alba V., Calavia O., Montero M., Lacruz J., Blanes M., Calabuig E., Cuellar S., Lopez J., Salavert M., de la Serna I.B., Arribas J.R., Montes M.L., Pena J.M., Arribas B., Castro J.M., Zamora J., Perez I., Estebanez M., Garcia S., Diaz M., Alcariz N.S., Mingorance J., Montero D., Gonzalez A., Isabel de Jose M., de los Santos I., Sanz J., Salas A., Sarria C., Berrocal A.G., Garcia-Fraile L., Oteo J.A., Blanco J.R., Ibarra V., Metola L., Sanz M., Perez-Martinez L., Pascual A., Ramos C., Arazo P., Gil D., Jaen A., Cairo M., Irigoyen D., Jordano Q., Xercavins M., Martinez-Lacasa J., Velli P., Font R., Sanmarti M., Ibanez L., Rivero M., Casado M.I., Diaz J.A., Uriz J., Reparaz J., Irigoyen C., Arraiza M.J., Segura F., Amengual M.J., Navarro G., Sala M., Cervantes M., Pineda V., Segura V., Navarro M., Anton E., Nogueras M.M., Casado J.L., Dronda F., Moreno A., Elias M.J.P., Lopez D., Gutierrez C., Madrid N., 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Pedreira J.D., Galera C., Albendin H., Iborra A., Campillo M.A., Vidal A., Amador C., Pasquau F., Ena J., Benito C., Fenoll V., Mohamed-Balghata M.O., Gomez M.A., Alberto de Zarraga M., Rivas M.E., Gorgolas M., Svedhem-Johansson V., Flamholc L., Gisslen M., Hejdeman B., Norgren H., Wendahl S., Global Health, Infectious diseases, AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Aging & Later Life, ANS - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Internal medicine, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, AMS - Rehabilitation & Development, VU University medical center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Pediatric surgery, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Pulmonary medicine, Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Ethics, Law & Medical humanities, APH - Quality of Care, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), APH - Societal Participation & Health, Pediatrics, HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), University College of London [London] (UCL), Public Health Agency of Sweden, University of Zagreb, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], Public Health England [London], Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Istituto Nazionale di Malattie Infettive 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' (INMI), Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institution of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Stichting HIV Monitoring [Amsterdam], Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), University of Athens Medical School [Athens], Vourli, G, Noori, T, Pharris, A, Porter, K, Axelsson, M, Begovac, J, Cazein, F, Costagliola, D, Cowan, S, Croxford, S, Monforte, A, Delpech, V, Diaz, A, Girardi, E, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B, Hernando, V, Leierer, G, Lot, F, Nunez, O, Obel, N, Op de Coul, E, Paraskeva, D, Patrinos, S, Reiss, P, Schmid, D, Sonnerborg, A, Suligoi, B, Supervie, V, van Sighem, A, Zangerle, R, Touloumi, G, Egle, A, Kanatschnig, M, Ollinger, A, Rieger, A, Schmied, B, Wallner, E, Dewasurendra, D, Gisinger, M, Kitchen, M, Plattner, A, Rieser, E, Sarcletti, M, Greil, R, Schachner, M, Skocic, M, Muller, M, Aichwalder, R, Chromy, D, Grabmeier-Pfstershammer, K, Skoll, M, Touzeau, V, Cichon, P, Wolf-Nussmuller, S, Laferl, H, Zoufaly, A, Genger-Hackl, C, Kapper, A, Schneeberger, T, Trattner, E, Schober, G, Atzl, M, Hartmann, B, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Berg, J, Appoyer, H, Rappold, M, Strickner, S, Schindelwig, K, Ledergerber, B, Fatkenheuer, G, Gerstof, J, Kronborg, G, Pedersen, C, Larsen, C, Pedersen, G, Mohey, R, Nielsen, L, Weise, L, Kvinesdal, B, Jensen, J, Abgrall, S, Bernard, L, Billaud, E, Boue, F, Boyer, L, Cabie, A, Caby, F, Canestri, A, Cotte, L, de Truchis, P, Duval, X, Duvivier, C, Enel, P, Fischer, H, Gasnault, J, Gaud, C, Grabar, S, Khuong-Josses, M, Launay, O, Marchand, L, Mary-Krause, M, Matheron, S, Melica-Gregoire, G, Melliez, H, Meynard, J, Nacher, M, Pavie, J, Piroth, L, Poizot-Martin, I, Pradier, C, Reynes, J, Rouveix, E, Simon, A, Slama, L, Tattevin, P, Tissot-Dupont, H, Biga, J, Kurth, T, Jacquemet, N, Guiguet, M, Leclercq, S, Lievre, L, Marshall, E, Roul, H, Selinger-Leneman, H, Potard, V, Benveniste, O, Breton, G, Lupin, C, Bourzam, E, Girard, P, Fonquernie, L, Valin, N, Lefebvre, B, Sebire, M, Pialoux, G, Lebrette, M, Tibaut, P, Adda, A, Hamidi, M, Cadranel, J, Lavole, A, Parrot, A, Bouchaud, O, Vignier, N, Mechai, F, Makhlouf, S, Honore, P, Bergmann, J, Delcey, V, Lopes, A, Sellier, P, Parrinello, M, Oksenhendler, E, Gerard, L, Molina, J, Rozenbaum, W, Denis, B, De Castro, N, Lascoux, C, Yazdanpanah, Y, Lariven, S, Joly, V, Rioux, C, Poupard, M, Taverne, B, Sutton, L, Masse, V, Genet, P, Wifaq, B, Gerbe, J, Grefe, S, Dupont, C, Freire Maresca, A, Reimann, E, Bloch, M, Meier, F, Mortier, E, Zeng, F, Montoya, B, Perronne, C, Mathez, D, Marigot-Outtandy, D, Berthe, H, Greder Belan, A, Terby, A, Godin Collet, C, Marque Juillet, S, Ruquet, M, Roussin-Bretagne, S, Colardelle, P, Granier, F, Laurichesse, J, Perronne, V, Akpan, T, Marcou, M, Daneluzzi, V, Veyssier-Belot, C, Masson, H, Welker, Y, Brazille, P, Kahn, J, Zucman, D, Majerholc, C, Fourn, E, Bornarel, D, Chambrin, V, Kansau, I, Raho-Moussa, M, Lelievre, J, Saidani, M, Chesnel, C, Dumont, C, Vittecoq, D, Derradji, O, Bolliot, C, Goujard, C, Teicher, E, Mole, M, Bourdic, K, Salmon, D, Le Jeunne, C, Guet, P, Pietri, M, Pannier Metzger, E, Marcou, V, Loulergue, P, Dupin, N, Morini, J, Deleuze, J, Gerhardt, P, Chanal, J, Weiss, L, Lucas, M, Jung, C, Ptak, M, Viard, J, Ghosn, J, Gazalet, P, Cros, A, Maignan, A, Lortholary, O, Rouzaud, C, Touam, F, Benhadj, K, Consigny, P, Bossi, P, Gergely, A, Cessot, G, Durand, F, Beck-Wirth, G, Michel, C, Benomar, M, Rey, D, Partisani, M, Cheneau, C, Batard, M, Fischer, P, Leclercq, P, Blanc, M, Morand, P, Epaulard, O, Signori-Schmuck, A, Laurichesse, H, Jacomet, C, Vidal, M, Coban, D, Casanova, S, Fresard, A, Guglielminotti, C, Botelho-Nevers, E, Brunon-Gagneux, A, Ronat, V, Verdon, R, Dargere, S, Haustraete, E, Feret, P, Goubin, P, Chavanet, P, Fillion, A, Croisier, D, Gohier, S, Arvieux, C, Souala, F, Chapplain, J, Ratajczak, M, Rohan, J, Faller, J, Ruyer, O, Gendrin, V, Toko, L, Chirouze, C, Hustache-Mathieu, L, Faucher, J, Proust, A, Magy-Bertrand, N, Gil, H, Meaux-Ruault, N, Sotto, A, Rouanet, I, Mauboussin, J, Doncesco, R, Jacques, G, May, T, Rabaud, C, Andre, M, Delestan, M, Bouillon, M, Bani-Sadr, F, Rouger, C, Berger, J, Nguyen, Y, Marchou, B, Delobel, P, Martin Blondel, G, Cuzin, L, Biezunski, N, Alric, L, Bonnet, D, Guivarch, M, Palacin, A, Payssan, V, Ajana, F, Meybeck, A, Viget, N, Pugliese, P, Roger, P, Rosenthal, E, Durant, J, Cua, E, Naqvi, A, Perbost, I, Risso, K, Quinsat, D, Raphael, S, Del Giudice, P, Dides, P, Sambuc, R, Antolini-Bouvenot, M, Druart, P, Meddeb, L, Ravaux, I, Menard, A, Tomei, C, Dhiver, C, Moreau, J, Mokhtari, S, Soavi, M, Tomas, V, Bregigeon, S, Faucher, O, Obry-Roguet, V, Ritleng, A, Petit, N, Bartoli, C, Ruiz, J, Blanc, D, Allegre, T, Sordage, M, Riou, J, Faudon, C, Slama, B, Zerazhi, H, Boulat, O, Chebrek, S, Beyrne, M, Granet Brunello, P, Pellissier, L, Bonnabel, D, Cohen Valensi, R, Mouchet, B, Mboungou, G, Lafeuillade, A, Hope-Rapp, E, Hittinger, G, Philip, G, Lambry, V, Raf, F, Allavena, C, Hall, N, Reliquet, V, Chidiac, C, Ferry, T, Perpoint, T, Miailhes, P, Boibieux, A, Livrozet, J, Makhlouf, D, Brunel, F, Chiarello, P, Hoen, B, Lamaury, I, Fabre, I, Samar, K, Duvallon, E, Clavel, C, Stegmann, S, Walter, V, Adriouch, L, Huber, F, Vanticlke, V, Couppie, P, Abel, S, Pierre-Francois, S, Ricaud, C, Rodet, R, Wartel, G, Sautron, C, Poubeau, P, Borgherini, G, Camuset, G, Arasteh, K, Kowohl Vivantes, S, Schurmann, D, Warncke Charite, M, Rockstroh, J, Wasmuth, J, Hass, S, Jensen, B, Feind, C, Esser, S, Schenk-Westkamp, P, Haberl, A, Stephan, C, Plettenberg, A, Kuhlendahl, F, Adam, A, Weitner, L, Schewe, K, Goey, H, Fenske, S, Buhk, T, Stellbrink, H, Hofmann, C, Hansen, S, Degen, O, Heuer, M, Stoll, M, Gerschmann, S, Horst, H, Trautmann, S, Gillor, D, Bogner, J, Sonntag, B, Salzberger, B, Fritzsche, C, Adamis, G, Antoniadou, A, Chini, M, Chrysos, G, Gikas, A, Gogos, H, Katsarou, O, Lazanas, M, Metallidis, S, Panagopoulos, P, Paparizos, V, Papastamopoulos, V, Paraskevis, D, Psychogiou, M, Sambatakou, H, Sipsas, N, Pantazis, N, Papadopoulos, A, Nitsotolis, T, Xylomenos, G, Marangos, M, Kouramba, A, Kontos, A, Lioni, A, Tsachouridou, O, Kourkounti, S, Ganitis, A, Barbounakis, E, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Antinori, A, Andreoni, M, Castagna, A, Castelli, F, Cauda, R, Di Perri, G, Galli, M, Iardino, R, Ippolito, G, Lazzarin, A, Marchetti, G, Rezza, G, von Schloesser, F, Viale, P, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Cozzi-Lepri, A, Lo Caputo, S, Mussini, C, Puoti, M, Perno, C, Bai, F, Balotta, C, Bandera, A, Bonora, S, Borderi, M, Calcagno, A, Capetti, A, Capobianchi, M, Cicalini, S, Cingolani, A, Cinque, P, Di Biagio, A, Gianotti, N, Gori, A, Guaraldi, G, Lapadula, G, Lichtner, M, Madeddu, G, Maggiolo, F, Monno, L, Nozza, S, Pinnetti, C, Quiros Roldan, E, Rossotti, R, Rusconi, S, Santoro, M, Saracino, A, Sarmati, L, Fanti, I, Galli, L, Lorenzini, P, Rodano, A, Macchia, M, Tavelli, A, Carletti, F, Carrara, S, Di Caro, A, Graziano, S, Petroni, F, Prota, G, Trufa, S, Giacometti, A, Costantini, A, Barocci, V, Angarano, G, Milano, E, Suardi, C, Donati, V, Verucchi, G, Castelnuovo, F, Minardi, C, Menzaghi, B, Abeli, C, Cacopardo, B, Celesia, B, Vecchiet, J, Falasca, K, Pan, A, Lorenzotti, S, Sighinolf, L, Segala, D, Blanc, P, Vichi, F, Cassola, G, Viscoli, C, Alessandrini, A, Bobbio, N, Mazzarello, G, Fondaco, L, Bonfanti, P, Molteni, C, Chiodera, A, Milini, P, Nunnari, G, Pellicano, G, Rizzardini, G, Cannizzo, E, Moioli, M, Piolini, R, Bernacchia, D, Salpietro, S, Tincati, C, Puzzolante, C, Migliorino, C, Sangiovanni, V, Borgia, G, Esposito, V, Di Flumeri, G, Gentile, I, Rizzo, V, Cattelan, A, Marinello, S, Cascio, A, Trizzino, M, Francisci, D, Schiaroli, E, Parruti, G, Sozio, F, Magnani, G, Ursitti, M, Cristaudo, A, Vullo, V, Acinapura, R, Moschese, D, Capozzi, M, Mondi, A, Rivano Capparuccia, M, Iaiani, G, Latini, A, Gagliardini, R, Plazzi, M, De Girolamo, G, Vergori, A, Cecchetto, M, Viviani, F, De Vito, A, Rossetti, B, Montagnani, F, Franco, A, Fontana Del Vecchio, R, Di Giuli, C, Caramello, P, Orofno, G, Sciandra, M, Bassetti, M, Londero, A, Manfrin, V, Battagin, G, Starnini, G, Ialungo, A, van der Valk, M, Geerlings, S, Goorhuis, A, Hovius, J, Lempkes, B, Nellen, F, van der Poll, T, Prins, J, van Vugt, M, Wiersinga, W, Wit, F, van Duinen, M, van Eden, J, Hazenberg, A, van Hes, A, Pijnappel, F, Smalhout, S, Weijsenfeld, A, Jurriaans, S, Back, N, Zaaijer, H, Berkhout, B, Cornelissen, M, Schinkel, C, Wolthers, K, Peters, E, van Agtmael, M, Bomers, M, Sigalof, K, Heitmuller, M, Laan, L, Ang, C, van Houdt, R, Jonges, M, van Prehn, J, Kuijpers, T, Pajkrt, D, Scherpbier, H, de Boer, C, van der Plas, A, van den Berge, M, Stegeman, A, Baas, S, Hage de Loof, L, Wintermans, B, Veenemans, J, Pronk, M, Ammerlaan, H, de Munnik, E, Jansz, A, Tjhie, J, Wegdam, M, Deiman, B, Scharnhorst, V, van Eeden, A, Brokking, W, Elsenburg, L, Nobel, H, Damen, M, van Kasteren, M, Berrevoets, M, Brouwer, A, Adams, A, de Kruijf-Van de Wiel, B, Keelan-Pfaf, S, van der Ven, B, Buiting, A, Murck, J, Versteeg, D, de Vries-Sluijs, T, Bax, H, van Gorp, E, Nouwen, J, Rijnders, B, Schurink, C, Verbon, A, de Jong-Peltenburg, N, Bassant, N, van Beek, J, Vriesde, M, van Zonneveld, L, van den Berg-Cameron, H, de Groot, J, Boucher, C, Koopmans, M, van Kampen, J, Fraaij, P, van Rossum, A, Vermont, C, van der Knaap, L, Visser, E, Branger, J, Douma, R, Duijf-Van de Ven, C, Schippers, E, van Nieuwkoop, C, van IJperen, J, Geilings, J, van der Hut, G, van Burgel, N, Leyten, E, Gelinck, L, Mollema, F, Davids-Veldhuis, S, Wildenbeest, G, Heikens, E, Groeneveld, P, Bouwhuis, J, Lammers, A, Kraan, S, van Hulzen, A, Kruiper, M, van der Bliek, G, Bor, P, Bloembergen, P, Wolfagen, M, Ruijs, G, Kroon, F, de Boer, M, Scheper, H, Jolink, H, Dorama, W, van Holten, N, Claas, E, Wessels, E, den Hollander, J, El Moussaoui, R, Pogany, K, Kastelijns, M, Smit, J, Smit, E, Struik-Kalkman, D, Tearno, C, van Niekerk, T, Pontesilli, O, Lowe, S, Oude Lashof, A, Posthouwer, D, Ackens, R, Burgers, K, Schippers, J, Weijenberg-Maes, B, van Loo, I, Havenith, T, Weijer, S, van Vonderen, M, Kampschreur, L, Faber, S, Steeman-Bouma, R, Weel, J, Kootstra, G, Delsing, C, van der Burg-Van de Plas, M, Heins, H, Kortmann, W, van Twillert, G, Renckens, R, Ruiter-Pronk, D, van Truijen-Oud, F, Cohen Stuart, J, Jansen, E, Hoogewerf, M, Rozemeijer, W, van der Reijden, W, Sinnige, J, Brinkman, K, van den Berk, G, Blok, W, Frissen, P, Lettinga, K, Schouten, W, Veenstra, J, Vrouenraets, S, Brouwer, C, Geerders, G, Hoeksema, K, Kleene, M, Knapen, M, van der Meche, I, Mulder-Seeleman, E, Toonen, A, Wijnands, S, Kwa, D, van Crevel, R, van Aerde, K, Doferhof, A, Henriet, S, ter Hofstede, H, Hoogerwerf, J, Keuter, M, Richel, O, Albers, M, Grintjes-Huisman, K, de Haan, M, Marneef, M, Strik-Albers, R, Rahamat-Langendoen, J, Stelma, F, Burger, D, Gisolf, E, Hassing, R, Claassen, M, ter Beest, G, van Bentum, P, Langebeek, N, Tiemessen, R, Swanink, C, van Lelyveld, S, Soetekouw, R, van der Prijt, L, van der Swaluw, J, Bermon, N, Jansen, R, Herpers, B, Veenendaal, D, Verhagen, D, Lauw, F, van Broekhuizen, M, van Wijk, M, Bierman, W, Bakker, M, Kleinnijenhuis, J, Kloeze, E, Middel, A, Scholvinck, E, Stienstra, Y, Verhage, A, Wouthuyzen-Bakker, K, Boonstra, A, de Groot-De Jonge, H, van der Meulen, P, de Weerd, D, Niesters, H, van Leer-Buter, C, Knoester, M, Hoepelman, A, Arends, J, Barth, R, Bruns, A, Ellerbroek, P, Mudrikova, T, Oosterheert, J, de Regt, M, Schadd, E, van Zoelen, M, Aarsman, K, Grifoen-Van Santen, B, de Kroon, I, van Rooijen, C, van Berkel, M, Schuurman, R, Verduyn-Lunel, F, Wensing, A, Bont, L, Geelen, S, Loefen, Y, Wolfs, T, Nauta, N, Zaheri, S, Boyd, A, Bezemer, D, Smit, C, Hillebregt, M, de Jong, A, Woudstra, T, Bergsma, D, Meijering, R, van de Sande, L, Rutkens, T, van der Vliet, S, de Groot, L, van den Akker, M, Bakker, Y, El Berkaoui, A, Bezemer, M, Bretin, N, Djoechro, E, Geerlinks, J, Kruijne, E, Lodewijk, C, Lucas, E, van der Meer, R, Munjishvili, L, Paling, F, Peeck, B, Ree, C, Regtop, R, Ruijs, Y, Schoorl, M, Schnorr, P, Tuijn, E, Veenenberg, L, Witte, E, Tuk, B, Moreno, S, del Amo, J, Dalmau, D, Navarro, M, Gonzalez, M, Blanco, J, Garcia, F, Rubio, R, Iribarren, J, Gutierrez, F, Vidal, F, Berenguer, J, Gonzalez, J, Sobrino, P, Alejos, B, Alvarez, D, Jarrin, I, Moreno, C, Munoz-Fernandez, M, Garcia-Merino, I, Rico, C, de la Fuente, J, Torre, A, Portilla, J, Merino, E, Reus, S, Boix, V, Giner, L, Gadea, C, Portilla, I, Pampliega, M, Diez, M, Rodriguez, J, Sanchez-Paya, J, Podzamczer, D, Imaz, E, Van Den Eyncle, E, Di Yacovo, S, Sumoy, M, Gomez, J, Hernandez, J, Aleman, M, Alonso, M, Hernandez, M, Diaz-Flores, F, Garcia, D, Pelazas, R, Asensi, V, Valle, E, Carton, J, Perez, V, Molina, M, Garcia, J, Carrera, E, Pulido, F, Bisbal, O, Matarranz, M, Lagarde, M, Rubio-Martin, R, Hernando, A, Bermejo, L, Dominguez, L, Arrizabalaga, J, Aramburu, M, Camino, X, Rodriguez-Arrondo, F, von Wichmann, M, Tome, L, Goenaga, M, Bustinduy, M, Galparsoro, H, Ibarguren, M, Aguado, M, Umerez, M, Masia, M, Lopez, C, Padilla, S, Navarro, A, Montolio, F, Robledano, C, Colome, J, Adsuar, A, Pascual, R, Carlos, F, Martinez, M, Fernandez, M, Garcia, E, Muga, R, Tor, J, Sanvisens, A, Bernaldo de Quiros Lopez, J, Miralles, P, Gutierrez, I, Ramirez, M, Padilla, B, Gijon, P, Carrero, A, Aldamiz-Echevarria, T, Tejerina, F, Parras, F, Balsalobre, P, Diez, C, Peraire, J, Vilades, C, Veloso, S, Vargas, M, Lopez-Dupla, M, Olona, M, Aguilar, A, Sirvent, J, Alba, V, Calavia, O, Montero, M, Lacruz, J, Blanes, M, Calabuig, E, Cuellar, S, Lopez, J, Salavert, M, de la Serna, I, Arribas, J, Montes, M, Pena, J, Arribas, B, Castro, J, Zamora, J, Perez, I, Estebanez, M, Garcia, S, Diaz, M, Alcariz, N, Mingorance, J, Montero, D, Gonzalez, A, Isabel de Jose, M, de los Santos, I, Sanz, J, Salas, A, Sarria, C, Berrocal, A, Garcia-Fraile, L, Oteo, J, Ibarra, V, Metola, L, Sanz, M, Perez-Martinez, L, Pascual, A, Ramos, C, Arazo, P, Gil, D, Jaen, A, Cairo, M, Irigoyen, D, Jordano, Q, Xercavins, M, Martinez-Lacasa, J, Velli, P, Font, R, Sanmarti, M, Ibanez, L, Rivero, M, Casado, M, Diaz, J, Uriz, J, Reparaz, J, Irigoyen, C, Arraiza, M, Segura, F, Amengual, M, Navarro, G, Sala, M, Cervantes, M, Pineda, V, Segura, V, Anton, E, Nogueras, M, Casado, J, Dronda, F, Moreno, A, Elias, M, Lopez, D, Gutierrez, C, Madrid, N, Lamas, A, Marti, P, de Diaz, A, Serrrano, S, Donat, L, Cano, A, Bernal, E, Munoz, A, Pena, A, Munoz, L, Parra, J, Alvarez, M, Chueca, N, Guillot, V, Vinuesa, D, Fernandez, J, Del Romero, J, Rodriguez, C, Puerta, T, Carrio, J, Vera, M, Ballesteros, J, Domingo, P, Sambeat, M, Lamarca, K, Mateo, G, Gutierrez, M, Fernandez, I, Antela, A, Losada, E, Riera, M, Penaranda, M, Leyes, M, Ribas, M, Campins, A, Vidal, C, Gil, L, Fanjul, F, Marinescu, C, Ribera, E, Santos, J, Marquez, M, Viciana, I, Palacios, R, Gonzalez, C, Viciana, P, Leal, M, Lopez-Cortes, L, Espinosa, N, Munoz, J, Zubero, M, Baraia-Etxaburu, J, Ibarra, S, Ferrero, O, Lopez de Munain, J, Camara, M, Lopez, I, de la Pena, M, Suarez-Garcia, I, Malmierca, E, Olalla, J, del Arco, A, de la Torre, J, Prada, J, Caracuel, Z, Lopez-Lirola, A, Lozano, A, Fernandez, E, Martinez, O, Vera, F, Martinez, L, Alcaraz, B, Jimeno, A, Poveda, E, Pernas, B, Mena, A, Grandal, M, Castro, A, Pedreira, J, Galera, C, Albendin, H, Iborra, A, Campillo, M, Vidal, A, Amador, C, Pasquau, F, Ena, J, Benito, C, Fenoll, V, Mohamed-Balghata, M, Gomez, M, Alberto de Zarraga, M, Rivas, M, Gorgolas, M, Svedhem-Johansson, V, Flamholc, L, Gisslen, M, Hejdeman, B, Norgren, H, and Wendahl, S

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Psychological intervention, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Medizin, Continuum of care, Europe, HIV infection, Key population, Sex, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Continuity of Patient Care, European Union, HIV, Humans, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, key population, 0302 clinical medicine, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Men having sex with men, media_common, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Transmission (medicine), Infectious Diseases, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, HIV infection, continuum of care, sex, key population, Europe, Microbiology (medical), Population, Socio-culturale, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, education, Pandemics, continuum of care, sex, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, Major Articles and Commentaries, Anti-Retroviral Agent, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Demography
Abstract

Background High uptake of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is essential to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and related mortality; however, gaps in care exist. We aimed to construct the continuum of HIV care (CoC) in 2016 in 11 European Union (EU) countries, overall and by key population and sex. To estimate progress toward the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 target, we compared 2016 to 2013 estimates for the same countries, representing 73% of the population in the region. Methods A CoC with the following 4 stages was constructed: number of people living with HIV (PLHIV); proportion of PLHIV diagnosed; proportion of those diagnosed who ever initiated ART; and proportion of those ever treated who achieved viral suppression at their last visit. Results We estimated that 87% of PLHIV were diagnosed; 92% of those diagnosed had ever initiated ART; and 91% of those ever on ART, or 73% of all PLHIV, were virally suppressed. Corresponding figures for men having sex with men were: 86%, 93%, 93%, 74%; for people who inject drugs: 94%, 88%, 85%, 70%; and for heterosexuals: 86%, 92%, 91%, 72%. The proportion suppressed of all PLHIV ranged from 59% to 86% across countries. Conclusions The EU is close to the 90-90-90 target and achieved the UNAIDS target of 73% of all PLHIV virally suppressed, significant progress since 2013 when 60% of all PLHIV were virally suppressed. Strengthening of testing programs and treatment support, along with prevention interventions, are needed to achieve HIV epidemic control., Standardized definitions were used to estimate a 4-stage continuum of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care in 11 European Union (EU) countries in 2016. The EU is close to the 90-90-90 target, with the main challenge being the percentage of undiagnosed infections.

Published
2020

48. Carga global, regional y nacional de neurológicas. Desórdenes, 1990-2016: un análisis sistemático para el Global Estudio de la carga de enfermedad 2016

Author

Feigin V, Nichols E, Alam T, Bannick M, Beghi E, Blake N, Culpepper W, Dorsey E, Elbaz A, Ellenbogen R, Fisher J, Fitzmaurice C, Giussani G, Glennie L, James S, Johnson C, Kassebaum N, Logroscino G, Marin B, Mountjoy-Venning W, Nguyen M, Ofori-Asenso R, Patel A, Piccininni M, Roth G, Steiner T, Stovner L, Szoeke C, Theadom A, Vollset S, Wallin M, Wright C, Zunt J, Abbasi N, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abdollahpour I, Aboyans V, Abraha H, Acharya D, Adamu A, Adebayo O, Adeoye A, Adsuar J, Afarideh M, Agrawal S, Ahmadi A, Ahmed M, Aichour A, Aichour I, Aichour M, Akinyemi R, Akseer N, Al-Eyadhy A, Salman R, Alahdab F, Alene K, Aljunid S, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Anber N, Antonio C, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Arnlov J, Asayesh H, Asghar R, Atalay H, Awasthi A, Quintanilla B, Ayuk T, Badawi A, Banach M, Banoub J, Barboza M, Barker-Collo S, Barnighausen T, Baune B, Bedi N, Behzadifar M, Bejot Y, Bekele B, Belachew A, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Beuran M, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta Z, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bililign N, Bin Sayeed M, Blazes C, Brayne C, Butt Z, Campos-Nonato I, Cantu-Brito C, Car M, Cardenas R, Carrero J, Carvalho F, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Castro F, Catala-Lopez F, Cerin E, Chaiah Y, Chang J, Chatziralli I, Chiang P, Christensen H, Christopher D, Cooper C, Cortesi P, Costa V, Criqui M, Crowe C, Damasceno A, Daryani A, De la Cruz-Gongora V, De la Hoz F, De Leo D, Degefa M, Demoz G, Deribe K, Dharmaratne S, Diaz D, Dinberu M, Djalalinia S, Doku D, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duken E, Edvardsson D, El-Khatib Z, Endres M, Endries A, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Esteghamati S, Farhadi F, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Farzaei M, Fatima B, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes E, Feyissa G, Filip I, Fischer F, Fukumoto T, Ganji M, Gankpe F, Garcia-Gordillo M, Gebre A, Gebremichael T, Gelaw B, Geleijnse J, Geremew D, Gezae K, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Gidey M, Gill P, Gill T, Gnedovskaya E, Goulart A, Grada A, Grosso G, Guo Y, Gupta R, Haagsma J, Hagos T, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Hankey G, Hao Y, Haro J, Hassankhani H, Hassen H, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hegazy M, Heidari B, Henok A, Heydarpour F, Hoang C, Hole M, Rad E, Hosseini S, Hu G, Igumbor E, Ilesanmi O, Irvani S, Islam S, Jakovljevic M, Javanbakht M, Jha R, Jobanputra Y, Jonas J, Jozwiak J, Jurisson M, Kahsay A, Kalani R, Kalkonde Y, Kamil T, Kanchan T, Karami M, Karch A, Karimi N, Kasaeian A, Kassa T, Kassa Z, Kaul A, Kefale A, Keiyoro P, Khader Y, Khafaie M, Khalil I, Khan E, Khang Y, Khazaie H, Kiadaliri A, Kiirithio D, Kim A, Kim D, Kim Y, Kisa A, Kokubo Y, Koyanagi A, Krishnamurthi R, Defo B, Bicer B, Kumar M, Lacey B, Lafranconi A, Lansingh V, Latifi A, Leshargie C, Li S, Liao Y, Linn S, Lo W, Lopez J, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lucas R, Lunevicius R, Mackay M, Mahotra N, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Manafi N, Mansournia M, Mantovani L, Marz W, Mashamba-Thompson T, Massenburg B, Mate K, McAlinden C, McGrath J, Mehta V, Meier T, Meles H, Melese A, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengistu D, Mengistu G, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Miller T, Mini G, Mirrakhimov E, Moazen B, Mohajer B, Mezerji N, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Mohammadibakhsh R, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad A, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moodley Y, Moosazadeh M, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradinazar M, Moraga P, Velasquez I, Morrison S, Mousavi S, Muhammed O, Muruet W, Musa K, Mustafa G, Naderi M, Nagel G, Naheed A, Naik G, Najafi F, Nangia V, Negoi I, Negoi R, Newton C, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen C, Nguyen L, Ningrum D, Nirayo Y, Nixon M, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Shiadeh M, Nyasulu P, Ogbo F, Oh I, Olagunju A, Olagunju T, Olivares P, Onwujekwe O, Oren E, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Pakpour A, Pan W, Panda-Jonas S, Pandian J, Patel S, Pereira D, Petzold M, Pillay J, Piradov M, Polanczyk G, Polinder S, Postma M, Poulton R, Poustchi H, Prakash S, Prakash V, Qorbani M, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rajati F, Ram U, Ranta A, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Reinig N, Reis C, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Rezaeian S, Rezai M, Gonzalez C, Roberts N, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roro E, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Sabbagh P, Sacco R, Sachdev P, Saddik B, Safari H, Safari-Faramani R, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian M, Salamati P, Zahabi S, Salimi Y, Samy A, Sanabria J, Santos I, Milicevic M, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sarvi S, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Sawant A, Sawhney M, Schneider I, Schottker B, Schwebel D, Seedat S, Sepanlou S, Shabaninejad H, Shafieesabet A, Shaikh M, Shakir R, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsizadeh M, Sharif M, Sharif-Alhoseini M, She J, Sheikh A, Sheth K, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shiue I, Siabani S, Siddiqi T, Sigfusdottir I, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silberberg D, Silva J, Silveira D, Singh J, Sinha D, Skiadaresi E, Smith M, Sobaih B, Sobhani S, Soofi M, Soyiri I, Sposato L, Stein D, Stein M, Stokes M, Sufiyan M, Sykes B, Sylaja P, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Ao B, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah M, Temsah O, Thakur J, Thrift A, Topor-Madry R, Tortajada-Girbes M, Tovani-Palone M, Tran B, Tran K, Truelsen T, Tsadik A, Car L, Ukwaja K, Ullah I, Usman M, Uthman O, Valdez P, Vasankari T, Vasanthan R, Veisani Y, Venketasubramanian N, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vosoughi K, Vu G, Vujcic I, Wagnew F, Waheed Y, Wang Y, Weiderpass E, Weiss J, Whiteford H, Wijeratne T, Winkler A, Wiysonge C, Wolfe C, Xu G, Yadollahpour A, Yamada T, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Yatsuya H, Yimer E, Yip P, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zandian H, Zare Z, Zhang Y, Zodpey S, Naghavi M, Murray C, Vos T, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, VU University medical center, Feigin V.L., Nichols E., Alam T., Bannick M.S., Beghi E., Blake N., Culpepper W.J., Dorsey E.R., Elbaz A., Ellenbogen R.G., Fisher J.L., Fitzmaurice C., Giussani G., Glennie L., James S.L., Johnson C.O., Kassebaum N.J., Logroscino G., Marin B., Mountjoy-Venning W.C., Nguyen M., Ofori-Asenso R., Patel A.P., Piccininni M., Roth G.A., Steiner T.J., Stovner L.J., Szoeke C.E.I., Theadom A., Vollset S.E., Wallin M.T., Wright C., Zunt J.R., Abbasi N., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Aboyans V., Abraha H.N., Acharya D., Adamu A.A., Adebayo O.M., Adeoye A.M., Adsuar J.C., Afarideh M., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmed M.B., Aichour A.N., Aichour I., Aichour M.T.E., Akinyemi R.O., Akseer N., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Shahi Salman R., Alahdab F., Alene K.A., Aljunid S.M., Altirkawi K., Alvis-Guzman N., Anber N.H., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Arnlov J., Asayesh H., Asghar R.J., Atalay H.T., Awasthi A., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayuk T.B., Badawi A., Banach M., Banoub J.A.M., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Baune B.T., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bejot Y., Bekele B.B., Belachew A.B., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhane A., Beuran M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Bililign N., Bin Sayeed M.S., Blazes C.K., Brayne C., Butt Z.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Cantu-Brito C., Car M., Cardenas R., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chang J.-C., Chatziralli I., Chiang P.P.-C., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cooper C., Cortesi P.A., Costa V.M., Criqui M.H., Crowe C.S., Damasceno A.A.M., Daryani A., De la Cruz-Gongora V., De La Hoz F.P., De Leo D., Degefa M.G., Demoz G.T., Deribe K., Dharmaratne S.D., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T., Djalalinia S., Doku D.T., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E.E., Edvardsson D., El-Khatib Z., Endres M., Endries A.Y., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Farhadi F., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Farzaei M.H., Fatima B., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fukumoto T., Ganji M., Gankpe F.G., Garcia-Gordillo M.A., Gebre A.K., Gebremichael T.G., Gelaw B.K., Geleijnse J.M., Geremew D., Gezae K.E., Ghasemi-Kasman M., Gidey M.Y., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Gnedovskaya E.V., Goulart A.C., Grada A., Grosso G., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Hagos T.B., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Haro J.M., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Havmoeller R., Hay S.I., Hegazy M.I., Heidari B., Henok A., Heydarpour F., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Homaie Rad E., Hosseini S.M., Hu G., Igumbor E.U., Ilesanmi O.S., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Jakovljevic M., Javanbakht M., Jha R.P., Jobanputra Y.B., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kahsay A., Kalani R., Kalkonde Y., Kamil T.A., Kanchan T., Karami M., Karch A., Karimi N., Kasaeian A., Kassa T.D., Kassa Z.Y., Kaul A., Kefale A.T., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khalil I.A., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khazaie H., Kiadaliri A.A., Kiirithio D.N., Kim A.S., Kim D., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kokubo Y., Koyanagi A., Krishnamurthi R.V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kumar M., Lacey B., Lafranconi A., Lansingh V.C., Latifi A., Leshargie C.T., Li S., Liao Y., Linn S., Lo W.D., Lopez J.C.F., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lucas R.M., Lunevicius R., Mackay M.T., Mahotra N.B., Majdan M., Majdzadeh R., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Mantovani L.G., Marz W., Mashamba-Thompson T.P., Massenburg B.B., Mate K.K.V., McAlinden C., McGrath J.J., Mehta V., Meier T., Meles H.G., Melese A., Memiah P.T.N., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mengistu D.T., Mengistu G., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Mohajer B., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadi M., Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M., Mohammadibakhsh R., Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Mondello S., Moodley Y., Moosazadeh M., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradinazar M., Moraga P., Moreno Velasquez I., Morrison S.D., Mousavi S.M., Muhammed O.S., Muruet W., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Naderi M., Nagel G., Naheed A., Naik G., Najafi F., Nangia V., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Newton C.R.J., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen L.H., Ningrum D.N.A., Nirayo Y.L., Nixon M.R., Norrving B., Noubiap J.J., Nourollahpour Shiadeh M., Nyasulu P.S., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olivares P.R., Onwujekwe O.E., Oren E., Owolabi M.O., A M.P., Pakpour A.H., Pan W.-H., Panda-Jonas S., Pandian J.D., Patel S.K., Pereira D.M., Petzold M., Pillay J.D., Piradov M.A., Polanczyk G.V., Polinder S., Postma M.J., Poulton R., Poustchi H., Prakash S., Prakash V., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rajati F., Ram U., Ranta A., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Reinig N., Reis C., Renzaho A.M.N., Resnikoff S., Rezaeian S., Rezai M.S., Rios Gonzalez C.M., Roberts N.L.S., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roro E.M., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Sabbagh P., Sacco R.L., Sachdev P.S., Saddik B., Safari H., Safari-Faramani R., Safi S., Safiri S., Sagar R., Sahathevan R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Salamati P., Salehi Zahabi S., Salimi Y., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santos I.S., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sarvi S., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Sawant A.R., Sawhney M., Schneider I.J.C., Schottker B., Schwebel D.C., Seedat S., Sepanlou S.G., Shabaninejad H., Shafieesabet A., Shaikh M.A., Shakir R.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsizadeh M., Sharif M., Sharif-Alhoseini M., She J., Sheikh A., Sheth K.N., Shigematsu M., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shiue I., Siabani S., Siddiqi T.J., Sigfusdottir I.D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silberberg D.H., Silva J.P., Silveira D.G.A., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Smith M., Sobaih B.H., Sobhani S., Soofi M., Soyiri I.N., Sposato L.A., Stein D.J., Stein M.B., Stokes M.A., Sufiyan M.B., Sykes B.L., Sylaja P., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Te Ao B.J., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M.-H., Temsah O., Thakur J.S., Thrift A.G., Topor-Madry R., Tortajada-Girbes M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Truelsen T.C., Tsadik A.G., Tudor Car L., Ukwaja K.N., Ullah I., Usman M.S., Uthman O.A., Valdez P.R., Vasankari T.J., Vasanthan R., Veisani Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vosoughi K., Vu G.T., Vujcic I.S., Wagnew F.S., Waheed Y., Wang Y.-P., Weiderpass E., Weiss J., Whiteford H.A., Wijeratne T., Winkler A.S., Wiysonge C.S., Wolfe C.D.A., Xu G., Yadollahpour A., Yamada T., Yano Y., Yaseri M., Yatsuya H., Yimer E.M., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zare Z., Zhang Y., Zodpey S., Naghavi M., Murray C.J.L., Vos T., Public Health, Feigin, Valery L, Nichols, Emma, Alam, Tahiya, Bannick, Marlena S, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Yisma, Engida, Vos, Theo, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Viðskiptadeild (HR), School of Business (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, Feigin, V, Nichols, E, Alam, T, Bannick, M, Beghi, E, Blake, N, Culpepper, W, Dorsey, E, Elbaz, A, Ellenbogen, R, Fisher, J, Fitzmaurice, C, Giussani, G, Glennie, L, James, S, Johnson, C, Kassebaum, N, Logroscino, G, Marin, B, Mountjoy-Venning, W, Nguyen, M, Ofori-Asenso, R, Patel, A, Piccininni, M, Roth, G, Steiner, T, Stovner, L, Szoeke, C, Theadom, A, Vollset, S, Wallin, M, Wright, C, Zunt, J, Abbasi, N, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Aboyans, V, Abraha, H, Acharya, D, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adeoye, A, Adsuar, J, Afarideh, M, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akinyemi, R, Akseer, N, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Shahi Salman, R, Alahdab, F, Alene, K, Aljunid, S, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Anber, N, Antonio, C, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Asayesh, H, Asghar, R, Atalay, H, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayuk, T, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banoub, J, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Baune, B, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Béjot, Y, Bekele, B, Belachew, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhane, A, Beuran, M, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bililign, N, Bin Sayeed, M, Blazes, C, Brayne, C, Butt, Z, Campos-Nonato, I, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, M, Cárdenas, R, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, 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Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Clinicum, Department of Neurosciences, Neurologian yksikkö, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, II kirurgian klinikka, and HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center

Subjects
Dánarmein, Male, Epidemiology, Diseases, Malalties cerebrals, Global Burden of Disease, Disability Evaluation, 0302 clinical medicine, Case fatality rate, Psychology, Konur, Cause of death, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Incidence, Men, Taugavísindi, ddc, 3. Good health, Sálfræði, World health, Muerte, Neurology, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Brain diseases, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Alzheimer disease, Carga global de enfermedades, Nervous system, medicine.medical_specialty, Global burden of diseases, Lífsgæði, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Health Sciences, Humans, Women, education, Trastornos neurológicos, VLAG, Aged, Science & Technology, 3112 Neurosciences, Global Burden of Diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Years of potential life lost, Επιστήμες Υγείας, Dementia, Human medicine, Neurosciences & Neurology, Neurology (clinical), Clinical Medicine, 1109 Neurosciences, Neurological disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, dementia, RC, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Dánartíðni, Nutrition and Disease, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Disease Study, Taugasjúkdómar, Risk Factors, Voeding en Ziekte, Cause of Death, Global health, Prevalence, Causes of death, Public health, Mortality rate, Mental Disorders, Age Factors, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Middle Aged, neurologic disease, Death, Lýðheilsa, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Quality of life, Adult, Population, Clinical Neurology, Sex Factors, medicine, Life Science, Disability-adjusted life year, Medicine [Science], Mortality, Psychiatry, Disease burden, Neurology & Neurosurgery, burden of neurological disorders, Faraldsfræði, business.industry, Klinisk medicin, Causes de la mort, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Socioeconomic Factors, Karlar, global disease burden, Nervous System Diseases, Cause of death/trends, business
Abstract

Publisher´s version (útgefin grein)., Background Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer’s and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies., ROA is funded by the National Institutes of Health (U01HG010273). SMA acknowledges the International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia and Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. AAw acknowledges funding support from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, through INSPIRE Faculty scheme. TBA acknowledges partial funding from the Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies. ABa is supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada. TWB was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor Award, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. MSBS acknowledges support from the Australian Government Research and Training Program scholarship for a PhD degree at the Australian National University, Australia. JJC is supported by the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation. FCar is supported by the European Union (FEDER funds POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 and POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia and Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013 and PT2020UID/QUI/50006/2013. EC is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT3 140100085). KD is supported by a Wellcome Trust [Grant Number 201900] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. EF is supported by the European Union (FEDER funds POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 and POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia and Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013 and PT2020UID/QUI/50006/2013. SMSI is funded by the Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University and received funding from High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia. YKa is a DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellow in Public Health. YJK is supported by the Office of Research and Innovation at Xiamen University Malaysia. BL acknowledges funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. WDL is supported in part by U10NS086484 NINDS. SLo is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (nutriCARD, grant agreement number 01EA1411A). RML is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Senior Research Fellowship. AMa and the Imperial College London are grateful for support from the NW London NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care. JJM is supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship), and the John Cade Fellowship (APP1056929) from NHMRC. TMei acknowledges additional institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena-Halle-Leipzig. IMV is supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (Panama). MOO is supported by SIREN U54 U54HG007479 and SIBS Genomics R01NS107900 grants. AMS was supported by a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. MMSM acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (contract no 175087). AShe is supported by Health Data Research UK. MBS' work on traumatic brain injury is supported by grants NIH U01 NS086090 (PI G Manley) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and DoD W81XWH-14-2-0176 (PI G Manley) from the United States Department of Defense. RTS is supported in part by grant number PROMETEOII/2015/021 from Generalitat Valenciana and the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIIIFEDER. AGT was supported by a Fellowship from the NHMRC (Australia; 1042600. KBT acknowledges funding supports from the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, Cancer Society of New Zealand, Health Research Council, Gut Cancer Foundation, and the University of Auckland. CY acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81773552) and the Chinese NSFC International Cooperation and Exchange Program (grant number 71661167007)., "Peer Reviewed"

Published
2019

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