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The Long-read RNA-Seq Genome Annotation Assessment Project Consortium was formed to evaluate the effectiveness of long-read approaches for transcriptome analysis. Using different protocols and sequencing platforms, the consortium generated over 427 million long-read sequences from complementary DNA and direct RNA datasets, encompassing human, mouse and manatee species. Developers utilized these data to address challenges in transcript isoform detection, quantification and de novo transcript detection. The study revealed that libraries with longer, more accurate sequences produce more accurate transcripts than those with increased read depth, whereas greater read depth improved quantification accuracy. In well-annotated genomes, tools based on reference sequences demonstrated the best performance. Incorporating additional orthogonal data and replicate samples is advised when aiming to detect rare and novel transcripts or using reference-free approaches. This collaborative study offers a benchmark for current practices and provides direction for future method development in transcriptome analysis.

Background: Despite the number of research studies regarding the individual burden of migraine, few studies have examined its impact on the patients’ partners. We aim to assess migraine effects on the patients’ partners on sentimental relationship, children relationship, friendship, and work, as well as the caregiver burden, anxiety and/or depression. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted through an online survey of partners of patients with migraine followed-up in 5 Headache Units. Questions about the 4 areas of interest and 2 scales (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Zarit scale) were included. Scores were compared against the population prevalence. Results: One hundred and fifty-five answers were analysed. Among the patient’s partners 135/155 (87.1%) were men, with a mean age of 45.6 ± 10.1 years. Migraine’s main effects on partners were observed in the sentimental relationship and items concerning children and friendships, with a minor impact at work. Partners showed a moderate burden (12/155 = 7.7% [4.1%–13.1%]), and a higher moderate-severe anxiety rate (23/155 = 14.8% [9.6%–21.4%]), and similar depression rate (5/155 = 3.2% [1.1%–7.3%]) compared to the National Health Survey. Conclusions: The burden of migraine impacts the partners’ personal relationship, childcare, friendship and work. Moreover, certain migraine partners showed a moderate burden according to Zarit scale and higher anxiety levels than the Spanish population. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: Diversos estudios han evaluado la sobrecarga individual de la migraña, sin embargo, pocos estudios han examinado su impacto en las parejas de los pacientes. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar los efectos de la migraña en las parejas de los pacientes sobre la relación sentimental, la relación con los hijos, la amistad y el trabajo, así como la sobrecarga del cuidador, la ansiedad y/o la depresión. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal a través de un cuestionario en línea a las parejas de pacientes con migraña seguidos en cinco Unidades de Cefalea. Se incluyeron preguntas sobre las cuatro áreas de interés y dos escalas (Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria y escala de Zarit). Las puntuaciones se compararon con la prevalencia de la población según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud. Resultados: Se analizaron ciento cincuenta y cinco respuestas. Las parejas de los pacientes con migraña fueron 135/155 (87.1%) hombres, edad media de 45.6 ± 10.1 years; Los principales efectos de la migraña en la pareja se observaron en la relación sentimental y en los ítems relativos a los hijos y las amistades, con menor impacto en el trabajo. Las parejas mostraron una carga moderada (12/155 = 7,7%[4,1%-13,1%]), y una tasa de ansiedad moderada-grave más alta (23/155 = 14,8%[9,6%-21,4%]) y una tasa de depresión similar (5/155 = 3,2%[1,1%-7,3%]) respecto a la población española. Conclusiones: La carga de la migraña tiene un impacto en la relación personal de la pareja, el cuidado de los hijos, la amistad y el trabajo. Además, algunos cuidadores de pacientes con migraña presentan una carga moderada y niveles de ansiedad más altos que la población española.

Abstract Over the past years, there has been a sustained effort to systematically enhance our understanding of medium-induced emissions occurring in the quark-gluon plasma, driven by the ultimate goal of advancing our comprehension of jet quenching phenomena. To ensure meaningful comparisons between these new calculations and experimental data, it becomes crucial to model the interplay between the radiation process and the evolution of the medium parameters, typically described by a hydrodynamical simulation. This step presents particular challenges when dealing with calculations involving the resummation of multiple scatterings, which have been shown to be necessary for achieving an accurate description of the in-medium emission process. In this paper, we extend our numerical calculations of the fully-resummed gluon spectrum to account for longitudinally expanding media. This new implementation allows us to quantitatively assess the accuracy of previously proposed scaling laws that establish a correspondence between an expanding medium and a “static equivalent”. Additionally, we show that such scaling laws yield significantly improved results when the static reference case is replaced by an expanding medium with the temperature following a simple power-law decay. Such correspondence will enable the application of numerical calculations of medium-induced energy loss in realistic evolving media for a broader range of phenomenological studies.

El objetivo de la investigación fue explorar sobre las vulnerabilidades de ataques SSRF, visto desde las temáticas trabajadas en investigaciones recientes y los reportes internacionales. La metodología consistió en la revisión sistemática que permite conocer el estado actual abordada a partir de las siguientes interrogantes: ¿Cuál es la tendencia en detecciones de ataques SSFR? ¿Cuáles son las principales técnicas para identificar este tipo de vulnerabilidad? ¿Cómo se manifiestan los ataques SSFR? ¿Qué herramientas se emplean para identificar este tipo de vulnerabilidad? ¿Cuáles son las medidas para mitigar que se explote este tipo de vulnerabilidad? Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron IEEE, ACM, Elservier tomando como período desde el año 2020 al 2024. Los resultados muestran que anualmente se reporta un incremento en los ataques SSRF, con un aumento significativo año por año, las principales técnicas para identificar las vulnerabilidades de SSRF son: el análisis estático y dinámico de código, las pruebas de penetración y la revisión de configuraciones y políticas de seguridad. Estas vulnerabilidades se manifiestan comúnmente a través de la exfiltración de datos y la evasión de controles de seguridad. Para la detección de vulnerabilidades SSRF se utilizan herramientas como: Burp Suite, OWASP Zap y Nikto. Las medidas para mitigar la explotación de vulnerabilidades SSRF incluyen la validación y análisis de entradas, la segregación de redes y servicios, el uso de listas blancas y negras, y el monitoreo continuo. Se concluye que las vulnerabilidades de ataques SSRF son una amenaza para la transformación digital.

Abstract BackgroundPatients with cancer often face depression and anxiety, and mindfulness-based interventions, including internet-based versions, can effectively reduce these symptoms and improve their quality of life. This study aims to investigate the impact of internet-based mindfulness-based interventions (e-MBIs) on anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms in patients with prostate or breast cancer. ObjectiveThe primary aims are to assess the association between the amount and variety of e-MBI practices and symptom reduction. Second, this study aims to examine how baseline information such as sociodemographic characteristics, dispositional mindfulness (DM), and dispositional self-compassion (DSC) correlate with both app usage and symptom reduction. MethodsParticipants included 107 patients with cancer (68 women with breast cancer and 38 men with prostate cancer) enrolled in a hospital setting. They were assigned to the intervention group of the NEVERMIND project, using the e-BMI module via the NEVERMIND app. A longitudinal design involved Pearson correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the amount and duration of e-MBI practices. Linear regression analysis was conducted to gauge the dose-response effect, evaluating the impact of DM and DSC on depression, anxiety, and stress. Negative binomial regression was conudcted to study sociodemographic factors’ influence on the amount of practice in e-MBIs. ResultsThe participants with more diverse and sustained mindfulness practices experienced significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress. A high correlation (0.94) between e-MBI practices and symptom reduction was also highlighted. Male, married, and highly educated patients were more likely to engage in mindfulness. Even if DM and DSC did not impact the amount or variety of practices correlated, they were correlated with symptom reduction, showing that higher levels were associated with significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress. ConclusionsWhile more e-MBI practice is linked to reduced anxiety, depression, and stress, this study emphasizes the crucial role of variety of practice over amount. DM and DSC are key in shaping intervention effectiveness and may act as protectors against psychological distress. Using app log data, our research provides a unique perspective on e-MBI impact, contributing to cancer care understanding and guiding future studies.

El artículo analiza la coexistencia de las concesiones de Correo Mayor y las administraciones de correos en el Atlántico español. En Castilla las concesiones postales fueron extinguidas e incorporadas a la Corona después de 1700. Dentro de las Indias este proceso se dilató durante al menos medio siglo. Sin embargo, esto no fue un inconveniente para integrar circuitos ultramarinos y terrestres. Pretendo mostrar que, la situación legal de las concesiones de Correo Mayor en América, los costos de instalación y la dificultad de ofrecer un servicio postal equiparable al de los Habsburgo, provocaron la introducción de las administraciones de correos (indianas) por partes y a distintos ritmos.

IntroductionNeurosonology is a vital paraclinical investigation in modern neurology. However, access to education and certification in neurosonology for neurology residents and young specialists in Europe is challenging, and comprehensive data regarding this topic are scarce. Information regarding difficulties in neurosonology training across Europe may help bring this topic under the spotlight and act as a call for the harmonization of curricula across the continent.MethodsWe performed an online survey targeting European neurology residents and young specialists, focusing on neurosonology training and certification. The survey was conducted between May and September 2023 and received responses from 282 participants representing 37 European countries.ResultsThere were disparities in neurosonology training during residency, with 6 (16.2%) out of 37 countries reporting a dedicated curriculum. The respondents expressed an overall lack of satisfaction with theoretical knowledge (rating their experience as very poor 28.0%, poor 20.2%, neutral 25.9%, good 19.3%, and very good 6.6%) and practical skills gained during their training (rating their experience as very poor 30.9%, poor 18.9%, neutral 22.6%, good 18.1%, and very good 9.5%). A total of 282 respondents (5.7%), 16 held a national certification in neurosonology, claiming obstacles such as high costs of certification and a limited number of certifying centers.DiscussionThis survey reveals significant variations in neurosonology training across Europe, indicating difficulties in obtaining certification. Despite the increasing importance of neurosonology, many neurologists feel inadequately prepared and lack practical training during residency, emphasizing the need for better and more standardized access.ConclusionThe survey underscores challenges and disparities in neurosonology training and certification in Europe. Standardization of curricula and increased awareness about available certifications are crucial to address these issues. The interest in European Certification suggests a potential solution for enhancing neurosonology training at the international level.

With more than 6000 attendees between in-person and virtual offerings, the American Epilepsy Society Meeting 2022 in Nashville, felt as busy as in prepandemic times. An ever-growing number of physicians, scientists, and allied health professionals gathered to learn a variety of topics about epilepsy. The program was carefully tailored to meet the needs of professionals with different interests and career stages. This article summarizes the different symposia presented at the meeting. Basic science lectures addressed the primary elements of seizure generation and pathophysiology of epilepsy in different disease states. Scientists congregated to learn about anti-seizure medications, mechanisms of action, and new tools to treat epilepsy including surgery and neurostimulation. Some symposia were also dedicated to discuss epilepsy comorbidities and practical issues regarding epilepsy care. An increasing number of patient advocates discussing their stories were intertwined within scientific activities. Many smaller group sessions targeted more specific topics to encourage member participation, including Special Interest Groups, Investigator, and Skills Workshops. Special lectures included the renown Hoyer and Lombroso, an ILAE/IBE joint session, a spotlight on the impact of Dobbs v. Jackson on reproductive health in epilepsy, and a joint session with the NAEC on coding and reimbursement policies. The hot topics symposium was focused on traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy. A balanced collaboration with the industry allowed presentations of the latest pharmaceutical and engineering advances in satellite symposia.

Broilers are particularly sensitive to heat stress, which can impair growth, and lower conversion efficiency and survival rates. Under a climate change scenario, maintaining optimal thermal conditions within broiler houses becomes more complex and energy-intensive. Climate change can worsen air quality issues inside broiler houses by increasing the concentration of harmful gases, and proper mechanical ventilation systems are essential for diluting and removing these gases. The present study aimed to develop and validate a model for the ideal broiler housing strategy by applying the Paraconsistent Annotated Evidential Logic Eτ. A database from four broiler houses in a commercial farm, rearing 157,700 birds from the 1st to the 42nd day of growth, was used in the research. All environmental data were recorded weekly inside the houses, and on day 42, flock mortality, overall feed-to-gain ratio, and body weight were calculated and registered. The Cohen’s Kappa statistics for each environmental parameter classification compared to the paraconsistent classification. Results indicated that temperature shows good agreement, relative humidity shows slight agreement, air velocity presents a good agreement, CO2 concentration has a slight agreement, and NH3 concentration is classified by slight agreement. The environmental and productivity variables as a function of the broiler age using the extreme True paraconsistent state indicate the model validation. The paraconsistent analysis presented the ideal scenario for broilers’ growth, maintaining the environmental variables level within a particular threshold and providing greater profit to broiler farmers.

Seizures are common after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), with rates in the acute period approaching 5% with seizure prophylaxis in historical clinical trials. Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) are divided into categories: immediate PTS occur prior to resuscitation, typically in the field; early PTS occur from resuscitation to 7 days post-trauma; and late PTS occur thereafter. The relationship between immediate and early PTS, as well as their risk factors, are not well studied in modern cohorts. We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective database of severe TBI patients, defined as a post-resuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale ?8, from a single institution. For the 579 patients included, rates of immediate and early PTS were 1.6% and 3.8%, respectively. We were unable to identify any clinical correlates for immediate seizures. In contrast, early PTS were associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1?2.0; p?0.01), hypoxia (3.3, 95% CI: 1.2?8.5; p?=?0.02), and subdural hematoma (SDH) (2.8, 95% CI: 1.0?2.8; p?=?0.04) in multivariable modeling. Patients with early PTS had higher rates of status epilepticus than those with immediate PTS (45% [n?=?10/22] vs. 0% [n?=?0/9]; p?=?0.03). This supports the notion of immediate PTS, which typically occur in the field and may not reliably be deciphered from pathological posturing responses, as an entity distinct from early PTS. Status epilepticus was highly morbid, associated with a 70% mortality rate. Our previously identified markers may help risk-stratify patients who may warrant longer monitoring with continuous electroencephalography to detect and treat early PTS and corresponding status epilepticus risk.

Gut microbial communities are shaped by a myriad of extrinsic factors, including diet and the environment. Although distinct human populations consistently exhibit different gut microbiome compositions, variation in diet and environmental factors are almost always coupled, making it difficult to disentangle their relative contributions to shaping the gut microbiota. Data from discrete animal populations with similar diets can help reduce confounds. Here, we assessed the gut microbiota of free-ranging and captive rhesus macaques with at least 80% diet similarity to test the hypothesis that hosts in difference environments will have different gut microbiomes despite a shared diet. Although we found that location was a significant predictor of gut microbial composition, the magnitude of observed differences was relatively small. These patterns suggest that a shared diet may limit the typical influence of environmental microbial exposure on the gut microbiota.