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Microgrids are a growing segment of the energy industry, representing a paradigm shift from remote central station power plants toward more localized, distributed generation. An efficient energy management structure is essential for a DC Microgrid with a PV system combined with a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) of Battery and Supercapacitor. The combined supercapacitor and battery storage system provides a quick control for the DC-link voltage. It stabilizes the system and helps achieve smooth PV power delivery to loads. The boost converter used for the PV system is controlled by a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method to extract maximum power and maintain a constant voltage at the DC bus despite the daily change in solar power. The boost-buck converter is used to control the charging and discharging processes of the BESS to maintain a constant voltage at the DC bus. To achieve the seamless operation of DC Microgrid with HESS during the power fluctuations, this work proposes power coordination and control scheme has been proposed. To analyse the performance and efficacy of the proposed DC Microgrid with HESS are implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telecom sites get the power normally from the grid. At the occurrence of power outages power need to be supplied for telecom sites. The battery bank is a good option for telecom sites to fulfil power demand. This paper discusses a smooth battery bank charging and discharging system with solar power as the input supply source. The system requires a large capital investment, but it provides uninterrupted emergency power when needed. Maintaining battery banks is essential for getting optimum performance. This paper also discusses the power requirements for telecom sites backup and various parameter impacts on battery life. Methods are derived to optimize charging management of batteries in order to get maximum lifespan in addition to better battery performance throughout its useful life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of elimination of harmonics and the need of a large number of switches in multilevel inverters (MLIs) have been a hot topic of research over the last decades. In this paper, a new variant swarm optimization (SO) based selective harmonic elimination (SHE) technique is described to minimize harmonics in MLIs, which is a complex optimization problem involving nonlinear transcendental equation. Optimum switching angles are calculated by the proposed algorithms considering minimum total harmonic distortion (THD) and the best results are taken for controlling the operation of MLIs. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the genetic algorithm (GA). Conventional MLIs have some disadvantages such as the requirement of a large number of circuit components, complex control, and voltage balancing problems. A novel seven-level reduced switch multilevel inverter (RS MLI) is proposed in this paper to recoup the need of a large number of switches. Matlab/Simulink software is used for the simulation of two symmetrical topologies, i.e., a seven-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHB MLI) and a seven-level (RS MLI). Simulation results are validated by developing a prototype of both MLIs. The enhancement of the output voltage waveform confirms the effectiveness of the proposed SO SHE approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]