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The phycocyanin was purified by Sephadex- G-100 and RP-HPLC and protein content was found to be 52.82% and the high purity fraction was collected and RP-HPLC analysis of fractionated phycocyanin, the α-subunit and β-subunit were detected in 4.9 and 11.1(mAU). The frequency of peak 1456.26 cm−1 has showed the CH2 bending vibration and the protein amide II band was detected at 1539.20 cm−1 (C O stretching) and 2358.94 cm−1. In 1H NMR analysis, 14 chemical shifts (δ) were observed and signals confirmed namely alkyl halide, alkene, aldehyde proton and carboxylic acid. The in vivo anticancer effect was assessed by MTT assay against HepG-2 cell lines and in vivo antidiabetic effect was carried out through α-amylase and β-glucosidase enzyme inhibition methods. The promising anticancer effect 68% was noticed at the concentration of 500 μg/ml and lower anticancer effect was noticed at the concentration of 100 μg/ml against Hep-G2 cell lines. The α-amylase and β-glucosidase enzyme inhibition of phycocyanin showed dose dependent and maximum inhibition effect at 250 μg/ml. Phycocyanin anti-inflammatory effect such as inhibition of albumin denaturation, antiproteinase, hypotonicity-induced haemolysis and anti-lipoxygenase activities have been recorded maximum level at 500 μg/ml. Phycocyanin have complex structure and high molecular weight with more biomedical applications for drug development.

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of mass cultured Spirulina platensis and the structural characterization of the methanolic extracts. S. platensis was isolated from estuary and mass cultured in the laboratory, methanol was used for extraction, and the yield was calculated as 16%. The seven phytochemicals were quantified by standard procedure, and the phenol was found maximum 96.7 µg/mg followed by alkaloid 89.5 µg/mg. The antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion method, and the maximum activity was noted against Salmonella typhi (19 mm) followed by Escherichia coli (12 mm). The antioxidant effect was recorded as concentration-dependent, and in all, the antioxidant effect was recorded in higher concentration level including as standards. In FT-IR spectral analysis, the active functional groups alkyl halide and amine were recorded simultaneously in 1H NMR analysis, 11 chemical shifts were recorded, and it revealed the stretching of alkane, allylic, benzylic, ketone, alkyne and esters. From the results, the present study concluded that S. platensis is an alternate source of pharmaceutical industry due to its phytochemical profile and bioactive potential.

In the present study, cow dung, saw dust, and blended soil were taken for (manure) biofertilizer production through vermicomposting (Eisenia fetida) experimental method. This work reports with the results of E. fetida in the mixture of blended soil, cow dung, and saw dust in different ratios for 60-day compost experimental trial. In all the experimental sets, the pH levels were not changed. The nitrogen content was changed in highest levels as 0.025% in B1, B2, B3, B4, and A4 experiments. The maximum phosphorous content was noted as 33.77% in B3 and 29.11% in A4, and the maximum potassium level was noted 33.77% in B3. The total organic carbon (TOC) levels were renowned at premier level, and slight changes of electrical conductivity were noted in all experimental sets. Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium contents were recorded high level as 1:3:3 and 1:4:4 ratios of composed agro and cattle waste mixture on the 45th and 60th days. The present study was clearly showed and suggested that the vermicomposting technology is an exchange, renewable, and cheap cost technology for the production of good quality eco-friendly fertilizers for plants if mixed with blended soil, cow dung, and saw dust in the ratio of 1:4:4.

The chemical composition, structural features and bioactivities of chitosan derivatives were studied and reported here. Chitin and chitosan was extracted by chemical methods and yield was recorded 35% and 41%, moisture and ash has showed 7.4, 0.73, 1.2 and 0.79% and Ca was recorded high level (590 ppm). The IR spectrum has showed NH primary and secondary amines, OH group and several sugar stretching. N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc), H-2 proton of glucosamine (GlcN), Anomeric protons, H-1 [GlcN (H-1D), GlcNAc (H-1A)] were noticed in 1H NMR and anomeric, methyl carbon atoms in 13C NMR. Rough surface, irregular block, crystalline with cluster and porosity structure was noticed by SEM observation. Antioxidant effect has showed good and concentration depended in four antioxidant assays. The α-amylase and β-glucosidase enzyme inhibition effect of chitosan has showed promising and dose depend also anticoagulant potential. Chitosan could be used in pharmaceutical industry and tissue engineering.

Background: Lobsters are highly expensive and demanded sea food due to their taste and nutritional value. Especially people around the world prefer more and pay huge for live lobsters. They are being exportedin different forms like frozen, whole cooked, whole chilled frozen tails and as lobster meat. As there is an extreme targeted catch these lobster resources are being exploited. The spiny lobsters, P. homarus and P. ornatus are one among the major distributed lobster species along the Gulf of Mannar, South east coast of India. The two lobster species are flavored seafood in many countries because of their more nutrient content are fine flavor. Methods: The experiment was conducted for a period of one year (2018-2019). The spiny lobsters P. homarus and P. ornatus werecultured under captivity in FRP tanks for a period of one year. After the study period the animal muscle was taken lyophilized and stored at 20o C and used for further analysis. Result: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the crude protein, carbohydrates, crude lipids, moisture ash, amino acids and fatty acids from harvested spiny lobster, P. homarus and P. ornatus. The maximum protein content carbohydrate, lipid, Moisture, Ash and amino acids, fatty acids was noted in P. ornatus. The biochemical compositions amino acids and fatty acids were observed moderate and lowest in P. homarus.

The present study was aimed to investigate the nutritional composition, chemical components and anti-inflammatory activity of C. vulgaris. The isolated microalga was mass cultured in laboratory by selective media with optimum conditions. Protein content was found to be higher for 45.23% followed by carbohydrate (23.43%) and total lipid (18.12%). Minerals components was recorded by the following order: Magnesium > Calcium > Iron > Manganese > Zinc > Copper. Seven vitamins were estimated, vitamin B3 was recorded higher (13.3 mg/100 g) and B12 has shown lesser amount (0.21 mg/100 g). The pigments chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids were found to be 4.7 mg/g, 4.2 mg/g and 6.11 mg/g respectively. Secondary metabolite was extracted by methanol and chloroform and further screened for the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of albumin denaturation, antiproteinase, hypotonicity-induced haemolysis and anti-lipoxygenase assays and results have been recorded by concentration dependent. From the results, the anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract were found higher than the chloroform extract at 500 µg/ml. The functional groups of the potent methanolic extract were studied by FT-IR analysis which revealed the presence of alkane, nitro and carboxyl groups.