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La coccidiosis aviar es la enfermedad parasitaria más reportada en la industria avícola mundial, cuyos gastos en prevención y tratamiento sobrepasan los tres billones de dólares. En Ecuador, la carne de pollo es la proteína animal más consumida en todos los estratos sociales, siendo su principal rasgo el menor costo, comparado con otras fuentes cárnicas. La industria avícola ecuatoriana posee poca información respecto a la prevalencia de esta enfermedad. Sin embargo, gran parte de los productores utilizan medidas quimio profilácticas, conocidas como anticoccidales. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la carga parasitaria de Eimeria spp. en las dos provincias con mayor producción avícola, como son Pichincha y Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas., Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

De acuerdo con el Instituto Nacional de la Salud, la especie murina es una de las especies más importantes en el estudio de la fisiología y de un gran número de procesos que tienen lugar en el organismo, tanto en la especie humana como en los animales. Se estima que en el 90-95 % de los estudios realizados en biomedicina se utilizan ratones y ratas. En la rata, la función reproductora es debida a las hormonas esteroideas ováricas, estrógenos (E) y progesterona (P). Durante las distintas fases del ciclo estral, el útero sufre cambios morfológicos y funcionales que dependen de la acción de los E y la P y que incluyen la proliferación celular y la síntesis de receptores de progesterona en el epitelio, y la proliferación celular del estroma y su consecuente decidualización, respectivamente. La acción de los E y la P en el útero está mediada por receptores intracelulares, los receptores de E (RE) y los receptores de P (RP). Ambos receptores tienen dos isofomas, α y β para los RE y A y B para los RP. Estudios previos realizados tanto en ratones knock-out (KO) para una de las isoformas del RE y las dos del RP, como en ratas ovariectomizadas (OVX) a las que se administran agonistas estrogénicos selectivos para una de las isoformas del RE, han revelado que la mayoría de las acciones de los E en el útero son mediadas por la isoforma α del RE, aunque en la actualidad el papel específico de cada una de las isoformas se conoce solo parcialmente. Tanto el conocimiento molecular del RE como los avances farmacológicos han permitido el desarrollo de nuevos agentes agonistas y antagonistas para las distintas isoformas del RE que hacen posible estudiar la acción que desempeña en el útero cada una de las isoformas del RE.

Summary. To investigate the role played by the different rat gonadotroph oestrogen receptor (ER) pools in the effects of oestradiol-17ß (E2) on gonadectomy cells, two-week ovariectomised (OVX) rats were used. The basic experimental group of rats was injected with 3 mg of the selective ER modulator tamoxifen (TX) on days 15-20 after OVX. Groups of TX-treated OVX rats were additionally injected on days 18-20 after OVX with 10 µg oestradiol benzoate (EB), 1 mg of the selective ERα agonist propylpyrazole triol (PPT), or 1 mg of the selective ERß diarylpropionitrile (DPN). Negative and positive control groups were OVX rats injected over six days after OVX with 0.2 ml oil and EB, respectively. On day 21 after OVX, anterior pituitary glands were dissected out and divided into halves. One hemipituitary was processed for light microscopy and immunocytochemistry for ßLH subunit and progesterone receptor (PR), and the other hemipituitary for ultrastructural evaluation. Results showed that: gonadotrophs were the only pituitary cell type expressing PR; treatment with TX alone shrunk gonadectomy cells and induced both reorganization of membrane-enclosed intracellular organelles and PR expression, and treatment with DPN or EB, but not PPT, reduced the agonistic morphological effects of TX. Considering that TX activates nuclear ERα, the results indicate that activation of nuclear ERα is determinant for the reversal effects of E2 on gonadotrope morphology and PR expression, and the simultaneous activation of ERß modulates the action of ERα in an inhibitory fashion.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11602.pdf: 7746637 bytes, checksum: eecca826e4e3123799875619cae22f5b (MD5) Tese (Doutoramento) IPEN/T Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciencias Humanas da Universidade de S??o Paulo

Background: Acne vulgaris is one of the leading ubiquitous diseases around the world. It is a multifactorial disease which does not threaten life but has serious psychological effects on patients. Patients with moderate to severe acne have been suggested to have poor body image, poor self-esteem, and social isolation and activity constraints. Increased levels of anxiety, anger, depression and frustration are also observed in patients with acne as part of the emotional impact. Research gap: More research onanti-acne treatmentsis necessary for two reasons. First, the prevalence of acne incidence is high and the effect on the quality of life is profound. Second, there is, according to the numerous studies, a lack of ant-acne treatments that have less side effect. The use ofmedicinal plants and particularly blue and pink lotus flower extract, with its autoinflammatory effect, could be promising. The blue and pink lotus flower extract is suggested to reduces the activity of sebum overproduction and helps to balance sebum secretion. Objective:The objective of this study was to examine the medical efficacy ofblue and pink lotus flower extract in acne vulgaris. Method:In a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial, 42 patients (21 patients in treatment and 21 in placebo group) were randomly received Nymphaea Caerulea Flower Extract, Nelumbo Nucifera Flower and placebo extract, twice daily for 1 month. We recorded he Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) grading score for each participant. In addition, we evaluated the Acne disability index (ADI) utilizing a standard questionnaire filled out by the participants at the beginning and at the end of the study. Results:The results indicated a 76% mean reduction in the IGA score on the treated group. The mean reduction in the vehicle-treated group, on the other hand, was 4.2%. We also found that the number of comedones, papules, and pustules significantly reduced in the treatment group after 30 days. Additionally, the Acne disability index (ADI) score decreased by 65.01 percent in treatment group, and only 5.6 percent in the placebo group. The current study could not discover any significant side effect in both groups. Conclusion:The blue and pink lotus flower extract had significant effects on improving the symptoms of acnevulgaris. The results of this study, because of the small sample size, should however be interpreted with caution. The future study on the medical efficacy of the mentioned extract should examine with larger samples.

There are an increasingly rising number of people who adopt a plant-based diet. The desire for weight control and other health benefits are driving factors behind this dietary preference. The aim of this study was twofold: first, it reviews intervention studies evaluating the impact on body mass index and weight by various plant-based diets. Most of them were randomized controlled trials of overweight, type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or cardiovascular disease participants compared a low-fat vegan diet to an omnivore diet. Second, this study reviews two major dietary processthat may lead to reduced-body fat. Interventional trials have consistently demonstrated that consumption of plant-based diets reduces body fat in overweight and obese subjects, even when controlling for energy intake. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying this effect have not been well-defined. Our review indicatesthat in some patient groups, plant-based diets can enhance weight condition. In certain studies, due to fat consumption limits accompanied by decreased energy intake, the results of the various treatments vary depending on the particular plant-based diets studied. Future research should seek to include a representative population of the sample and apply diets without dietary limitations to the study.