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Abstract Background The goal of the Integrated Access to Cancer Screening (IACS) initiative was to help reduce the disparity in cancer screening participation across Alberta by implementing an integrated mobile service delivery model for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening in rural and remote communities in Northern Alberta, performed by Nurse Practitioners (NPs) that addressed barriers to access. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and impact the IACS initiative had on the communities and residents of Northern Alberta. This article describes the initiative design, implementation, outcomes, and impact of the initiative. Methods The IACS model was implemented in a total of 36 visited communities in Northern Alberta from December 2020 to December 2021. The impact of the IACS initiative was measured using a mixed methods approach. The participation rate, cancer screening overdue status, and connection to a PCP were assessed using quantitative data collected through the existing clinical information system. Patient and provider feedback were collected from opened-ended surveys, and all data was analyzed by the research team. This study evaluated the impact the IACS initiative had on patient cancer screening participation and cancer screening knowledge, addressing known barriers to service delivery in rural and remote Northern Alberta, and to understand how this service might be sustained for future operation. Results Six hundred fifty-three people participated in screening offered through the IACS initiative. 99% of Pap screenings offered to patients were accepted, and 98% of FIT kits were accepted from the NPs, with a completion rate of 84%. The clinical data and survey responses from patients and providers indicated support for sustaining the IACS initiative. The IACS model of screening was favoured by most female patients. It also increased screening uptake in the communities we visited in the North Zone of Alberta, where screening rates are low. Conclusion These findings highlight that the IACS initiative was well-received and brought value to underserved communities in Northern Alberta. The IACS model effectively facilitated screening for those who were overdue or have never been screened before. The reach of the IACS model was broader than anticipated, with those who are attached to a PCP also finding the integrated mobile screening model beneficial, bringing the services closer to home.

Objective: The authors' aim in this study was to determine, after adjustment for the effects of body mass index and sociodemographic measures, whether sex-specific weight control norms would have significant independent relationships with the weight control behavior of college women and men. Participants: The authors used an anonymous questionnaire to assess a sample of 470 college students, aged 18 to 26 years, attending either a 2- year community college or a 4-year public university. Methods: To calculate body mass index, the authors objectively measured the height and weight of each participant. They conducted separate discriminant function analyses for women and men. Results: The discriminant function analyses clearly indicated that weight control norms of same-sex, close friends were the best discriminators of involvement in weight control. Conclusions: The findings indicate that perceived peer norms may be important but overlooked risk factors for engaging in unhealthy weight control practices. The authors discuss the implications of these findings in the context of student health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides an intergenerational perspective on grandparent roles. Data was collected from young parents (N = 105) and middle-age and older adults (N = 105). Both groups identified multiple roles as important for grandparents to initiate with young grandchildren: these included being a playmate as well as a friend, teacher, and role model. Intergenerational differences were also found with middle-age and older adults more likely than young parents to rank religious guide (p < .001) and family historian (p < .05) as important roles to enact with young grandchildren. However, the young parents were more likely than the older participants to predict that grandparents would be remembered by their grandchildren as fun, having high values, being a role model, and financially supportive (p < .001). Recommendations for future intergenerational research are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) often helps regulate affect, yet there is conflicting research on the immediate affective outcomes of pain and NSSI. People also engage in NSSI for intrapersonal and interpersonal reasons. It is unclear whether affective shifts post-pain task differentiate individuals with and without NSSI histories, and are influenced by interpersonal or intrapersonal motives for NSSI. The present study examined the effect of pain on affective shifts, and to investigate motives for NSSI as moderators., Methods: Participants were 134 women (n = 77 with recent/recurrent NSSI), that completed measures of NSSI and reported their positive and negative affect pre- and post-pain-task., Results: Our findings suggest that participants without a history of NSSI reported greater decreases in positive affect pre-to-post task. NSSI history did not predict fluctuations in negative affect after controlling for stress. Namely, at low levels of stress, participants reported greater decreases in negative affect following the pain task. Finally, interpersonal motives for NSSI predicted increased positive affect following the endurance of pain., Conclusion: Findings suggest that affect changes in response to pain may not be differentially associated with NSSI history; however, among people with a history of NSSI, interpersonal motives may predict changes in positive affect following a pain task., (© 2025 American Association of Suicidology.)

Introduction: People who identify as sexual minorities (SM) report higher rates of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) than heterosexual individuals. One explanatory factor that may be important in this relation is self-defective beliefs. The present study examined the role of self-defective beliefs in the link between sexual orientation and NSSI., Method: Participants were college-aged women (n = 145) with (n = 84) and without (n = 61) recent, recurrent NSSI, completed measures of NSSI and self-defective beliefs. Participants were recruited from a large college and surrounding area in the northeastern U.S., Results: suggest that SM participants were more likely to report a history of NSSI, frequent and versatile NSSI, and greater self-defective beliefs compared to heterosexual participants, but not more likely to report medically severe NSSI. Results from cross-sectional mediation analyses revealed that self-defective beliefs mediated the relation between SM identity and lifetime NSSI history and partially mediated the relations for NSSI medical severity and versatility, but not NSSI frequency., Conclusions: Taken together, our findings suggest that self-defective beliefs are a salient cognitive concern associated with indicators of NSSI severity in college-aged SM women. Additional research is needed to determine whether these findings replicate in SM men, transgender, and gender diverse populations., (© 2025 American Association of Suicidology.)

Background: Emotional suppression is a clinically significant aspect of emotion regulation with robust associations to psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the fast-growing body of literature highlighting the role of positive emotion regulation difficulties in the development and maintenance of PTSD, extant work on emotional suppression and PTSD has almost exclusively focused on the role of negative emotions., Objective: The present study aimed to advance this literature by examining the associations between PTSD symptom clusters and participants' use of state emotional suppression during a laboratory task designed to elicit negative or positive emotions., Method: Participants were 108 community women ( M age = 39.55; 33% Black/African American) currently experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) by a male partner and using substances. Participants were interviewed using a structured diagnostic assessment for PTSD and reported on state emotional intensity and emotional suppression following idiographic negative or positive emotion inductions., Results: Results of the moderation analyses showed that, when controlling for state emotional intensity, women experiencing clinical levels of PTSD symptom Clusters B (intrusive recollections), D (negative alterations in cognitions and mood), and E (alterations in arousal and reactivity) were significantly more likely to utilize emotional suppression, but only in the context of positive-not negative-emotions., Conclusions: Findings provide evidence for a link between PTSD and positive emotional suppression among women currently experiencing IPV by a male partner and using substances, highlighting positive emotional suppression as a potential target in PTSD treatment for IPV populations with comorbid substance use concerns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Background: Literature underscores the importance of emotion dysregulation in clinical research. However, one critical limitation of the existing investigations in this area involves the lack of psychometrically valid measures for assessing emotion dysregulation in individuals' daily lives. This study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of momentary versions of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (mDERS) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Positive (mDERS-P). Methods: Participants were 145 community women ( M age = 40.66, 40.7% white) experiencing intimate partner violence and using substances who participated in a baseline interview and then completed surveys three times a day for 30 days. Results: Analyses supported the reliability of the mDERS and the mDERS-P. The two-state, two-trait model, with separate factors for negative and positive emotion dysregulation at both the within-and between-levels, fit the data best. Momentary negative, but not positive, emotions were positively related to the mDERS; both momentary negative and positive emotions were positively related to the mDERS-P. Baseline trait negative, but not positive, emotion dysregulation, was related to greater variability in momentary negative and positive emotion dysregulation. Conclusion: Findings advance our understanding and measurement of emotion dysregulation using intensive longitudinal approaches.

Emotion dysregulation is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, there is a dearth of literature examining the association between the dysregulation of positive emotions and BPD. The present study assesses the reciprocal and longitudinal associations between positive emotion dysregulation and BPD features. Participants were 149 community women currently experiencing intimate partner violence and using substances ( M age = 40.3, 30.8% Black). BPD was assessed at baseline via a clinician-administered diagnostic interview. Participants self-reported on positive emotion dysregulation and BPD features at baseline and 1-month follow-up sessions. Positive emotion dysregulation did not significantly predict BPD features at 1-month follow-up when controlling for initial BPD features (β = -.09, SE = 0.07, p = .21, confidence interval [CI] [-0.23, 0.10]). However, BPD features did significantly predict positive emotion dysregulation at 1-month follow-up, when controlling for initial positive emotion dysregulation (β = .25, SE = 0.10, p = .01, CI [0.07, 0.44]). This study offers initial insight into the nature of the association between BPD and positive emotion dysregulation over time among women experiencing intimate partner violence and using substances. Findings highlight the role of BPD features in the exacerbation of positive emotion dysregulation, which may inform targeted assessments and treatments in this area. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Membrane trafficking is a crucial function of all cells and is regulated at multiple levels from vesicle formation, packaging, and localization to fusion, exocytosis, and endocytosis. Rab GTPase proteins are core regulators of eukaryotic membrane trafficking, but developmental roles of specific Rab GTPases are less well characterized, potentially because of their essentiality for basic cellular function. C. elegans gonad development entails the coordination of cell growth, proliferation, and migration-processes in which membrane trafficking is known to be required. Here we take an organ-focused approach to Rab GTPase function in vivo to assess the roles of Rab genes in reproductive system development. We performed a whole-body RNAi screen of the entire Rab family in C. elegans to uncover Rabs essential for gonad development. Notable gonad defects resulted from RNAi knockdown of rab-1, the key regulator of ER-Golgi trafficking. We then examined the effects of tissue-specific RNAi knockdown of rab-1 in somatic reproductive system and germline cells. We interrogated the dual functions of the distal tip cell (DTC) as both a leader cell of gonad organogenesis and the germline stem cell niche. We find that rab-1 functions cell-autonomously and non-cell-autonomously to regulate both somatic gonad and germline development. Gonad migration, elongation, and gamete differentiation-but surprisingly not germline stem niche function-are highly sensitive to rab-1 RNAi.

Chronic alcohol (ethanol) use is increasing in the United States and has been linked to numerous health issues in multiple organ systems including neurological dysfunction and diseases. Ethanol toxicity is mainly driven by the metabolite acetaldehyde, which is generated through three pathways: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2), catalase (CAT), and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). ADH2, while the main ethanol clearance pathway in the liver, is not expressed in the mammalian brain, resulting in CAT and CYP2E1 driving local metabolism of ethanol in the central nervous system. CYP2E1 is known to generate reactive metabolites and reactive oxygen species and localizes to the mitochondria (mtCYP2E1) and endoplasmic reticulum (erCYP2E1). We sought to understand the consequences of mtCYP2E1 and erCYP2E1 in the nervous system during acute ethanol exposure. To answer this question, we generated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans roundworms expressing human CYP2E1 in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, or both and exposed them to ethanol. We found that at lower concentrations, wild-type and mtCYP2E1-expressing worms had a small but significant inhibition of locomotion, whereas the erCYP2E1-expressing worms showed protection from this inhibition. At higher doses, all strains had reduced locomotion, but the erCYP2E1-expressing worms recovered faster than wild-type controls. CYP2E1 expression, regardless of organellar targeting, reduced mitochondrial respiration in response to ethanol. Similarly, transgenic expression of CYP2E1 in either organelle in PC-12 rat neuronal cell lines sensitized them to ethanol-induced cell death. Together, these findings suggest that subcellular localization of CYP2E1 impacts behavioral effects of ethanol and should be further studied in the mammalian central nervous system., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Jessica H Hartman reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Hyland C. Gonzalez reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Kacy L. Gordon reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Jessica H. Hartman reports a relationship with Surrozen Inc that includes: consulting or advisory. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been associated with decision-making deficits, yet such deficits may be context dependent, particularly emotional state and social context. Reinforcement learning models offer an avenue to pinpoint decision-making impairments. The current study used reinforcement learning models to examine whether feedback type (social vs. nonsocial) or emotional state (neutral vs. negative) influence the association between BPD and decision making., Method: Adults (N = 131) with a range of BPD symptoms completed a diagnostic interview and a computerized learning task after neutral and negative emotion inductions. We examined accuracy, learning rate, and exploration., Results: We conducted linear models to examine the association between BPD criteria, feedback type, and emotional state on learning parameters and learning accuracy. We found that the negative emotion condition was associated with greater exploration, particularly for those with elevated BPD features. Furthermore, elevated BPD features were associated with impaired accuracy when aiming to avoid loss. A 3-way interaction between BPD, emotion, and feedback indicated that, for people with higher BPD features, learning performance was further impaired when receiving social feedback in the negative emotion condition., Limitations: Several limitations warrant mention, including a relatively homogenous sample, possible co-occurring diagnoses, and methodological consideration with the learning task., Conclusions: The present study underscored the link between BPD and learning impairments. Amplified learning alterations under negative social contexts have important implications for identifying optimal venues to teach new skills (of relevance to treatment) for those with BPD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no known declarations of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The C. elegans hermaphrodite distal tip cell (DTC) leads gonadogenesis. Loss-of-function mutations in a C. elegans ortholog of the Rac1 GTPase (ced-10) and its GEF complex (ced-5/DOCK180, ced-2/CrkII, ced-12/ELMO) cause gonad migration defects related to directional sensing; we discovered an additional defect class of gonad bifurcation in these mutants. Using genetic approaches, tissue-specific and whole-body RNAi, and in vivo imaging of endogenously tagged proteins and marked cells, we find that loss of Rac1 or its regulators causes the DTC to fragment as it migrates. Both products of fragmentation-the now-smaller DTC and the membranous patch of cellular material-localize important stem cell niche signaling (LAG-2 ligand) and migration (INA-1/integrin subunit alpha) factors to their membranes, but only one retains the DTC nucleus and therefore the ability to maintain gene expression over time. The enucleate patch can lead a bifurcating branch off the gonad arm that grows through germ cell proliferation. Germ cells in this branch differentiate as the patch loses LAG-2 expression. While the nucleus is surprisingly dispensable for aspects of leader cell function, it is required for stem cell niche activity long term. Prior work found that Rac1 -/- ;Rac2 -/- mouse erythrocytes fragment; in this context, our new findings support the conclusion that maintaining a cohesive but deformable cell is a conserved function of this important cytoskeletal regulator., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with greater substance use. Emotion dysregulation has been implicated in both BPD and substance use, yet there is limited research examining the role of emotion dysregulation in the BPD-substance use relation. We examined the independent and interactive associations of BPD symptoms and emotion dysregulation in reported drug use over 1 year. Participants (N = 143) were over-recruited for BPD, assessed via interview, and completed measures of negative and positive emotion dysregulation. Drug use frequency was assessed with monthly surveys over a 1-year period. Results demonstrated interrelations among BPD symptoms and both negative and positive emotion dysregulation. However, when modeling BPD and emotion dysregulation together, only higher BPD symptoms were associated with more frequent drug use. Findings support the relation of BPD symptoms and emotion dysregulation but suggest that emotion dysregulation may not account for drug use frequency above and beyond BPD in community-recruited populations., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with emotion regulation difficulties. However, most studies have examined intrapersonal emotion regulation difficulties and strategies without consideration of interpersonal emotion regulation (IER). Thus, it remains unknown whether intrinsic IER (i.e., how people regulate their emotions through others) is associated with disordered eating. The present study examined whether putatively maladaptive IER strategies such as reassurance seeking and venting were associated with ED cognitions, behaviors, and symptom severity. Additionally, we examined whether IER strategy use varied as a function of probable ED diagnosis. A sample of 181 college students ( M age  = 20.01 years, SD  = 2.18) from a large northeastern university completed self-report measures of disordered eating, IER strategies, and intrapersonal emotion regulation difficulties. As predicted, reassurance seeking was associated with most ED symptomatology and ED symptom severity except for fasting frequency. Venting was only associated with body dissatisfaction. Associations between reassurance seeking and ED symptom severity and excessive exercise frequency remained significant even after controlling for sex and intrapersonal emotion regulation strategies. Finally, participants with a probable ED diagnosis reported greater reassurance seeking but not venting compared to nonprobable ED cases. These findings highlight the important associations between IER strategy use and disordered eating, namely, reassurance seeking. Additional research is needed to examine the associations between IER strategy use and disordered eating longitudinally.

Background: Risky, self-destructive impulsivity and emotion dysregulation are core features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Yet impulsivity is multidimensional and has rarely been comprehensively assessed in BPD. Impulsivity has been linked to negative emotion dysregulation, yet explorations of the role of positive emotion dysregulation have been neglected. The current study attempts to extend existing literature by identifying the pattern of associations of specific domains of impulsivity, using both self-report and behavioral measures in BPD, and the role of both negative and positive emotion dysregulation in this link., Methods: Adults with BPD (n = 48), subthreshold BPD (n = 37), and without BPD (n = 78) completed a diagnostic interview, self-report measures, and multiple behavioral tasks. We examined correlations between primary variables, then examined the role of negative and positive emotion dysregulation in the association between BPD and specific domains of impulsivity., Results: Negative emotion dysregulation accounted for the link between BPD and negative urgency, (lack of) premeditation, and (lack of) perseverance, while positive emotion dysregulation accounted for the relation between BPD and sensation seeking., Limitations: Key limitations of this study include using a relatively homogeneous sample and using abbreviated versions of one behavioral task, among others discussed., Conclusions: These findings locate the precise impulsivity impairments in BPD and highlight the differential roles of negative and positive emotion dysregulation. Understanding the impulsivity deficits associated with BPD will further explain the impulsive behaviors associated with this disorder, and the contexts in which they occur, which may streamline clinical treatments., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Polyploid cells contain more than two copies of each chromosome. Polyploidy has important roles in development, evolution, and tissue regeneration/repair, and can arise as a programmed polyploidization event or be triggered by stress. Cancer cells are often polyploid. C. elegans nematodes are typically diploid, but stressors such as heat shock and starvation can trigger the production of tetraploid offspring. In this study, we utilized a recently published protocol to generate stable tetraploid strains of C. elegans and compared their physiological traits and sensitivity to two DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic drugs, cisplatin and doxorubicin. As prior studies have shown, tetraploid worms are approximately 30% longer, shorter-lived, and have a smaller brood size than diploids. We investigated the reproductive defect further, determining that tetraploid worms have a shorter overall germline length, a higher rate of germ cell apoptosis, more aneuploidy in oocytes and offspring, and larger oocytes and embryos. We also found that tetraploid worms are modestly protected from growth delay from the chemotherapeutics but are similarly or more sensitive to reproductive toxicity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differentially expressed pathways that may contribute to sensitivity to stress. This study reveals phenotypic consequences of whole-animal tetraploidy that make C. elegans an excellent model for ploidy differences., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Background: The defective self model of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) theorizes that individuals who are highly self-critical are more likely to choose NSSI to regulate emotions. This model indirectly suggests that individuals who engage in NSSI may experience more self-conscious emotions in response to negative social feedback, increasing risk for near-term NSSI. This study examined (1) whether individuals with a history of NSSI (vs. without) display greater self-conscious and negative emotional reactions to daily social stressors, and more problematic features of these daily social stressors, and (2) whether greater-than-usual negative emotional reactions and social stressor features predict NSSI urges and behaviors in daily life., Methods: Participants were 134 female college students with recent, recurrent NSSI (n = 77) or no NSSI history (n = 57). Participants completed baseline measures of socioemotional functioning and a two-week daily diary protocol., Results: The NSSI (vs. no NSSI) group reported significantly greater self-conscious and negative emotional reactions to daily social stressors, and social stressors characterized by greater dysfunction. In the NSSI group, experiencing social stressors characterized by greater distress than one's average during the daily diary period was associated with same-day NSSI urges and behavior, greater confusion than one's average predicted same-day NSSI urges, and greater conflict than one's average predicted same-day NSSI behavior. Greater self-conscious and negative emotional reactions to these stressors than one's average predicted same-day NSSI urges and behavior., Limitations: Limitations include reliance on self-report, a once-daily assessment, and lack of generalizability to other samples., Conclusions: Interpersonal conflict and increased self-conscious emotions pose vulnerability for NSSI. Prevention and intervention efforts would benefit from including a focus on interpersonal functioning., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The study goal was to validate the Observer-Reported Communication Ability (ORCA) measure for use with females with Rett Syndrome (RTT)., Methods: Qualitative interviews, including concept elicitation and cognitive interviewing methods, were conducted with 19 caregivers of individuals with RTT ages 2 and older. A quantitative study was then conducted in 279 caregivers to evaluate construct validity and reliability., Results: After minor modifications were made, the modified ORCA measure was well understood and captured key communication concepts. Quantitative data showed evidence for reliable scores (α = 0.90, test-retest intraclass correlation = 0.88), minimal floor and no ceiling effects, and strong correlation with the Communication and Symbolic Behaviors Scale (r = 0.73)., Conclusions: This study provided initial support that the modified ORCA measure is an acceptable caregiver-reported measure of communication ability for females with RTT. Future work should include evaluation of longitudinal validity of the measure and its associations with clinician- and performance-based measures in diverse samples., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Bryce Reeve, Christina Zigler, Nicole Lucas, Molly McFatrich, Li Lin, Kelly Gordon, and Harrison Jones developed the original ORCA measure that is being used in this study. If the technology is commercially successful in the future, the developers and Duke University may benefit financially., (© 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Paediatric Neurology Society.)

This study investigated whether misalignment between an individual and their community in partisan identity predicted psychological and behavioral distancing from local COVID-19 norms. A nationally representative sample of Republicans and Democrats provided longitudinal data in April ( N = 3,492) and June 2020 ( N = 2,649). Democrats in Republican communities reported especially heightened better-than-average estimates , perceiving themselves as more adherent to and approving of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI; e.g., mask wearing) than their community. Democrats' better-than-average estimates reflected high approval and behavior in Republican communities and substantial norm underestimation. Republicans in Democratic communities did not evidence worse-than-average estimates . In longitudinal models, injunctive norms only predicted NPI behavior when individual and community partisan identity were aligned. The strong personal approval-behavior association did not depend on misalignment; there were no effects of descriptive norms. Normative messages may have limited efficacy for a sizable subpopulation in politically polarized contexts, such as the COVID-19 pandemic., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Communication deficits have a substantial impact on quality of life for individuals with Angelman syndrome (AS) and their families, but limited qualitative work exists to support the necessary content of measures aiming to assess communication for these individuals. Following best practices for concept elicitation studies, we conducted individual qualitative interviews with caregivers and clinicians to elicit meaningful aspects of communication for individuals with AS. Caregivers were able to discuss their child's specific communication behaviors within a large number of expressive, receptive, and pragmatic functions via numerous symbolic and non-symbolic modalities. These results aligned well with published literature on communication in AS and will be used to inform the design of a novel caregiver-reported measure. Future studies on communication in individuals with AS should focus on gathering quantitative data from large samples of diverse caregivers, which would allow for estimations of the frequency of specific behaviors across the population., (©AAIDD.)

Purpose of Review: This manuscript aims to take stock of emotion dysregulation and personality disorder (PD) research, review key findings, and highlight future directions., Recent Findings: Most emotion dysregulation research in PDs has focused on borderline personality disorder (BPD). BPD is characterized by high baseline negative emotion and the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, but several other emotion dysregulation components may not be pervasively evident in the disorder. Trends in the BPD field that add nuance to the study of emotion dysregulation suggest that BPD may involve problems in the flexible, contextually based selection/implementation of emotion regulation strategies, as well as the development of appropriate emotion regulatory goals. Furthermore, relational stressors may elicit and maintain emotion dysregulation in BPD. Less research has examined emotion dysregulation in other PDs, but several PDs may involve deficits in emotional processes (e.g., lower behavioral inhibition and resistance of emotion-related impulses), particularly in interpersonal contexts. Emotion dysregulation is a nuanced and contextual problem which, for some PDs, may be particularly nested within interpersonal contexts. The BPD field and the increasing nuance of the study of emotion dysregulation within it points to key future research directions for the broader PD field., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

There is a critical need for high-quality clinical outcome assessments to capture the important aspects of communication ability of individuals with Angelman syndrome (AS). To center the perspective of caregivers, our team developed the novel Observer-Reported Communication Ability (ORCA) measure using best practice guidelines, with the goal of developing a measure that could be administered to caregivers directly without the need for a certified administrator for use in clinical trials. To refine the draft measure, we conducted two rounds of cognitive interviews with 24 caregivers and a quantitative study including 249 caregivers. The results from both studies support the overall content validity, construct validity, and the reliability of the ORCA measure for individuals with AS > 2 years old for use in research contexts. Future work should explore the responsiveness of ORCA measures to changes over time in a diverse sample., (©AAIDD.)

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in interpersonal, affective, cognitive, self-identity, and behavioral domains. For a BPD diagnosis, individuals must present at least five of nine symptoms, resulting in 256 possible symptom combinations; thus, individuals diagnosed with BPD can differ substantially. Specific symptoms of BPD tend to co-occur, suggesting BPD subgroups. To explore this potential, we analyzed data from 504 participants diagnosed with BPD enrolled in one of three randomized controlled trials conducted at center for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, Canada from 2002 to 2018. An exploratory latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify symptom subgroups of BPD. Analyses indicated three latent subgroups. The first group (n = 53) is distinguished by a lack of affective instability and low levels of dissociative symptoms (non-labile type). The second group (n = 279) is characterized by high levels of dissociative and paranoid symptoms but low abandonment fears and identity disturbance (dissociative/paranoid type). The third group (n = 172) is characterized by high efforts to avoid abandonment and interpersonal aggression (interpersonally unstable type). Homogenous symptom subgroups of BPD symptoms exist and may have important implications for how to refine BPD treatment interventions., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest None., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Despite recognition that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of the most stigmatized psychological disorders, destigmatization efforts have thus far focused on the views and actions of clinicians and the general public, neglecting the critical role that psychological science plays in perpetuating or mitigating stigma. This article was catalyzed by recent concerns about how research and editorial processes propagate stigma and thereby fail people with BPD and the scientists who study BPD. We provide a brief overview of the BPD diagnosis and its history. We then review how BPD has been stigmatized in psychological science, the gendered nature of BPD stigma, and the consequences of this stigmatization. Finally, we offer specific recommendations for researchers, reviewers, and editors who wish to use science to advance our understanding of BPD without perpetuating pejorative views of the disorder. These recommendations constitute a call to action to use psychological science in the service of the public good.

Objectives: Emotional and interpersonal dysfunction appears central to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), yet research examining the interplay of these factors among individuals with NSSI is limited. This study aimed to specify such associations before and after daily stressful events among individuals with (vs. without) NSSI., Methods: Young adult participants (M age  = 20.4) with past-year (n = 56) or no history (n = 47) of NSSI completed daily diary assessments over a 2-week period., Results: No differences in rates of positive or negative interpersonal experiences before or after stressful events were identified. NSSI participants, however, reported greater negative emotion following stressful events compared with non-NSSI participants. The presence (vs. absence) of a positive interpersonal experience following a stressful event was related to lower negative emotional responses only in the NSSI group., Conclusion: Positive interpersonal experiences may downregulate negative emotions following stressful events among individuals with NSSI, highlighting the potential relevance of interpersonal emotion regulation to this population., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The Caenorhabditis elegans adult hermaphrodite germline is surrounded by a thin tube formed by somatic sheath cells that support germ cells as they mature from the stem-like mitotic state through meiosis, gametogenesis, and ovulation. Recently, we discovered that the distal Sh1 sheath cells associate with mitotic germ cells as they exit the niche Gordon et al., 2020. Here, we report that these sheath-associated germ cells differentiate first in animals with temperature-sensitive mutations affecting germ cell state, and stem-like germ cells are maintained distal to the Sh1 boundary. We analyze several markers of the distal sheath, which is best visualized with endogenously tagged membrane proteins, as overexpressed fluorescent proteins fail to localize to distal membrane processes and can cause gonad morphology defects. However, such reagents with highly variable expression can be used to determine the relative positions of the two Sh1 cells, one of which often extends further distal than the other., Competing Interests: XL, NS, CM, IW, BS, KG No competing interests declared, (© 2022, Li et al.)

Introduction: People report multiple motives for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), but few studies have examined how these motives relate to one another. This study identified person-centered classes of NSSI motives, their NSSI and psychopathological correlates, and their utility in predicting future NSSI across two samples., Methods: Participants were adolescents and young adults (aged 15-35) with recent NSSI recruited from online forums (n = 155, Sample 1) or the community (n = 127, Sample 2). Participants completed measures of NSSI, emotion regulation difficulties, borderline personality disorder (BPD), depression, and reported on their NSSI over 12 months., Results: Latent profile analyses yielded five classes in each sample: low interpersonal, self-punishment/interpersonal, moderate intra/interpersonal, high intra/interpersonal, and mainly interpersonal motives. Classes were not associated with lifetime NSSI characteristics, but highly motivated participants reported more severe depression and BPD symptoms, and greater emotion dysregulation than low-motivated participants. Those in the mainly interpersonal (Sample 1) and self-punishment/interpersonal (Sample 2) motives classes reported greater NSSI frequency during follow-up., Conclusions: This study identified five classes of NSSI motives. Participants who report multiple motives for NSSI may be more clinically severe, whereas those who report strong desires to communicate with others or punish themselves may be at the highest risk for more frequent NSSI over time., (© 2022 The American Association of Suicidology.)

Objective: Although once considered a defining feature of borderline personality disorder, research has found high rates of NSSI among individuals with other psychiatric disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive disorders. A recent study from our research team found that lifetime PTSD and depressive disorders were associated with unique self-reported NSSI motives. Given well-established limitations of assessing motives via self-report measures, the present study sought to extend this line of research by using a novel laboratory measure of the implicit NSSI-relief association to examine NSSI emotional relief motives., Method: A subset of participants from our previous study ( N  = 109) completed diagnostic interviews and the laboratory-based DSH-Relief Implicit Association Test (IAT)., Results: Findings indicated that individuals with lifetime PTSD evidenced stronger NSSI-relief associations than those without PTSD. Further, this main effect was qualified by a PTSD by depressive disorder interaction, such that stronger NSSI-relief associations were found among individuals with lifetime PTSD but no lifetime depressive disorder than among individuals without a history of either PTSD or a depressive disorder., Conclusions: Results highlight the importance of investigating NSSI motives associated with different symptom profiles using a multi-method approach.

Introduction: Despite viral suppression due to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to affect half of people with HIV, suggesting that certain antiretrovirals (ARVs) may contribute to HAND., Methods: We examined the effects of nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) and the integrase inhibitors dolutegravir (DTG) and elvitegravir (EVG) on viability, structure, and function of glutamatergic neurons (a subtype of CNS neuron involved in cognition) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-neurons), and primary human neural precursor cells (hNPCs), which are responsible for neurogenesis., Results: Using automated digital microscopy and image analysis (high content analysis, HCA), we found that DTG, EVG, and TDF decreased hiPSC-neuron viability, neurites, and synapses after 7 days of treatment. Analysis of hiPSC-neuron calcium activity using Kinetic Image Cytometry (KIC) demonstrated that DTG and EVG also decreased the frequency and magnitude of intracellular calcium transients. Longer ARV exposures and simultaneous exposure to multiple ARVs increased the magnitude of these neurotoxic effects. Using the Microscopic Imaging of Epigenetic Landscapes (MIEL) assay, we found that TDF decreased hNPC viability and changed the distribution of histone modifications that regulate chromatin packing, suggesting that TDF may reduce neuroprogenitor pools important for CNS development and maintenance of cognition in adults., Conclusion: This study establishes human preclinical assays that can screen potential ARVs for CNS toxicity to develop safer cART regimens and HAND therapeutics., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Despite preliminary evidence that people with suicide attempt histories demonstrate deficits in processing feedback, no studies have examined the interrelations of learning from feedback and emotional state on suicide risk. This study examined the influence of suicide risk and negative emotions on learning accuracy and rates among individuals with a range of borderline personality features (N = 145). Participants completed a reinforcement learning task after neutral and negative emotion inductions. Results revealed interactions between suicide risk and emotion condition, with elevated risk linked to greater increases in loss learning rate (training phase models) and gain learning rate (test phase models) post-negative emotion induction. Emotion-dependent fluctuations in learning performance may be markers of decision-making that are associated with greater suicide risk. This line of work has the potential to identify the contexts that confer greater risk for suicidal behaviors., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Plant parasitic nematodes are major pests on upland cotton worldwide and in the United States. The reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis and the southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita are some of the most damaging nematodes on cotton in the United States. Current management strategies focus on reducing nematode populations with nematicides. The objective of this research was to integrate additional fertilizer and nematicide combinations into current practices to establish economical nematode management strategies while promoting cotton yield and profit. Microplot and field trials were run to evaluate fertilizer and nematicide combinations applied at the pinhead square (PHS) and first bloom (FB) plant growth stages to reduce nematode population density and promote plant growth and yield. Cost efficiency was evaluated based on profit from lint yields and chemical input costs. Data combined from 2019 and 2020 suggested a nematicide seed treatment (ST) ST + (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  + Vydate ® C-LV + Max-In ® Sulfur was the most effective in increasing seed cotton yields in the R. reniformis microplot trials. In R. reniformis field trials, a nematicide ST + (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  + Vydate ® C-LV at PHS supported the largest lint yield and profit per hectare at $1176. In M. incognita field trials, a nematicide ST + 28-0-0-5 + Vydate ® C-LV + Max-In ® Sulfur at PHS and FB supported the largest lint yields and profit per hectare at $784. These results suggest that combinations utilizing fertilizers and nematicides applied together across the season in addition to current fertility management show potential to promote yield and profit in R. reniformis and M. incognita infested cotton fields., (© 2022 Authors.)

Theories suggest that a transaction between child biological vulnerability and parent emotion socialization underlies the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD) features. Yet, few studies have examined the interaction between these factors prospectively in at-risk samples. Consequently, this study tested whether parental reactions to children's negative emotions moderated the effect of the child's physiological reactivity to stress in predicting adolescent BPD features in a sample of youth with and without clinical elevations in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were 61 children (52% female) and parents (90% mothers). When children were 9-13 years old, their physiological reactivity to a social stressor was assessed based on respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and skin conductance level (SCL) reactivity; parents also reported on their supportive and non-supportive reactions to their child's negative emotions. Children were followed-up four to five years later at ages 14-18 years old and their BPD features were assessed based on parent and adolescent report. Significant interactions between children's SCL reactivity and parental reactions to children's negative emotions were found in predicting adolescent BPD features. Children with low SCL reactivity to social stress and parents high in supportive/low in non-supportive reactions were lowest in adolescent BPD features. However, greater SCL reactivity predicted greater adolescent BPD features specifically when the parent was high in support or low in non-support. Childhood ADHD symptoms also significantly predicted greater adolescent BPD features. Findings suggest that children with different patterns of SCL reactivity may respond differently to parental reactions to their emotions., (© 2021. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms and suicidal behaviors are prevalent among undergraduate students. Although rumination contributes to self-destructive behaviors in BPD, less research examines the role of rumination in distinct suicidal outcomes among individuals with BPD features instead focusing more on self-destructive behaviors as a latent variable. The present study examined the main and interactive effects of BPD features and two forms of rumination (brooding and anger) in the prediction of suicide-related outcomes (ideation and attempts) among college students. Participants ( N  = 181 undergraduate students, overrecruited for BPD features; 55.2% female) reported their lifetime suicide risk, brooding rumination, anger rumination, and BPD features. Brooding rumination and BPD features were associated with suicidal ideation. Anger rumination was not associated with suicide-related outcomes. Findings suggest that brooding rumination is a potential intervention target for suicidal ideation in undergraduate students whereas further research is required to determine the association between anger rumination and suicidal ideation and attempts.

The goal of this research was to validate an Italian adaptation of the questionnaire Difficulties in Interpersonal Regulation of Emotions (DIRE) and to investigate its associations with psychopathology. An Italian sample ( N  = 630) completed the DIRE and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). We tested the factorial structure of the DIRE using explorative and confirmatory factorial analyses; we analysed the convergent validity in terms of zero-order correlations with SCL-90 dimensions; and, we conducted multiple regressions to test the predictivity of DIRE factors on specific SCL-90 dimensions. The Italian DIRE replicated the four-factor structure of the original measure, with two interpersonal (Vent and Reassurance-seek) and two intrapersonal (Accept and Avoid) factors. Interpersonal factors resulted correlated with SCL-90 global indexes of psychopathology. Moreover, specific association between DIRE factors and SCL-90 dimensions were found. The Italian DIRE is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate clinically-relevant forms of emotion dysregulation., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022.)

Introduction: Evidence-based psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder (BPD) are lengthy, posing a barrier to their access. Brief psychotherapy may achieve comparable outcomes to long-term psychotherapy for BPD. Evidence is needed regarding the comparative effectiveness of short- versus long-term psychotherapy for BPD., Objective: The aim was to determine if 6 months of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is noninferior to 12 months of DBT in terms of clinical effectiveness., Methods: This two-arm, single-blinded, randomized controlled noninferiority trial with suicidal or self-harming patients with BPD was conducted at two sites in Canada. Participants (N = 240, M (SD)age = 28.27 (8.62), 79% females) were randomized to receive either 6 (DBT-6) or 12 months (DBT-12) of comprehensive DBT. Masked assessors obtained measures of clinical effectiveness at baseline and every 3 months, ending at month 24. DBT-6 and DBT-12 were outpatient treatments consisting of weekly individual therapy sessions, weekly DBT skills training group sessions, telephone consultation as needed, and weekly therapist consultation team meetings., Results: The noninferiority hypothesis was supported for the primary outcome, total self-harm (6 months: margin = -1.94, Mdiff [95% CI] = 0.16 [-0.14, 0.46]; 12 months: margin = -1.47, Mdiff [95% CI] = 0.04 [-0.17, 0.23]; 24 months: margin = -1.25, Mdiff [95% CI] = 0.12 [-0.02, 0.36]). Results also supported noninferiority of DBT-6 for general psychopathology and coping skills at 24 months. Furthermore, DBT-6 participants showed more rapid reductions in BPD symptoms and general psychopathology. There were no between-group differences in dropout rates., Conclusions: The noninferiority of a briefer yet comprehensive treatment for BPD has potential to reduce barriers to treatment access., (© 2022 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Suicidal behaviors are increasingly prevalent among college students. Although emotion dysregulation is theorized to increase suicide risk, research supporting this relationship is mixed. Engagement in self-damaging behaviors may play a role in the relationship between emotion dysregulation and suicide risk, theoretically by increasing one's capability of engaging in suicidal behaviors. Such behaviors may interact with emotion dysregulation to predict suicide risk. Alternatively, engaging in self-damaging behaviors may mediate the emotion dysregulation-suicide risk relationship. We examined the potential moderating and mediating roles of engagement in multiple self-damaging behaviors in the relationship between emotion dysregulation and suicide risk among college students. Participants were 181 undergraduate students who reported a history of self-damaging behaviors (i.e., non-suicidal self-injury, alcohol misuse, drug misuse, disordered eating), overall emotion dysregulation, and suicide risk. Findings revealed an interactive effect of emotion dysregulation and self-damaging behaviors on suicide risk, with engagement in more forms of self-damaging behaviors conferring higher risk for suicide, particularly in the context of greater emotion dysregulation. The model testing self-damaging behaviors as a mediator was also significant, such that greater emotion dysregulation had an indirect effect on elevated suicide risk via number of self-damaging behaviors. These findings help clarify associations among emotion dysregulation, self-damaging behaviors, and suicide risk, and have implications for specific targets of intervention and for the prevention of suicide by college students., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: Although research has established a link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), little is known about factors that may accentuate this relation. This study evaluated the influences of negative and positive emotion dysregulation on the association between PTSD symptoms and STBs among veterans., Methods: Four-hundred and sixty-five trauma-exposed military veterans in the community (M age  = 38.00, 71.4% male, 69.5% White) completed online questionnaires., Results: Negative emotion dysregulation did not moderate the relation between PTSD symptoms and STBs. Results showed significant interactive effects of PTSD symptoms and positive emotion dysregulation on STBs, such that PTSD symptoms were more strongly related to STBs at high (vs. low) levels of positive emotion dysregulation. This effect was sustained across domains of positive emotion dysregulation., Conclusions: Findings suggest a potential need to consider positive emotion dysregulation in the assessment and treatment of STBs among veterans with PTSD symptoms., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by both emotion regulation (ER) and interpersonal difficulties. Although the link between ER difficulties and interpersonal problems in BPD is well documented, less work has examined the directionality of these associations. The present study examined the temporal relationship between ER difficulties and interpersonal problems among individuals with BPD features in daily life. Participants were 173 undergraduate students who completed daily questionnaires for 2 weeks. Participants were prompted to identify their most stressful events each day and report their use of maladaptive ER strategies (i.e., expressive suppression, worry/rumination, and avoidance) and interpersonal conflict behaviors (i.e., argue, hit someone/throw things). BPD features were associated with greater interpersonal conflict and ER difficulties. Unexpectedly, maladaptive ER strategy use did not predict next-day interpersonal conflict. Interpersonal conflict significantly predicted next-day maladaptive ER strategy use; however, this association was weaker among those with elevated BPD features. Implications of these findings for treatment are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Abstract: Emotion dysregulation is associated with increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, research in this area has focused almost exclusively on dysregulation stemming from negative emotions. The present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by examining the associations between the specific domains of positive emotion dysregulation and both STBs and NSSI. Participants included 397 trauma-exposed community adults (Mage = 35.95; 57.7% female; 76.8% White). Results demonstrated significant associations between positive emotion dysregulation and both STBs and NSSI. In particular, higher levels of nonacceptance of positive emotions were found to be significantly related to risk for STBs (versus no risk), higher severity of STBs, and history of NSSI (versus no history). Findings suggest positive emotion dysregulation may play an important role in the etiology and treatment of both STBs and NSSI among trauma-exposed individuals., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Adherence to COVID-19 social distancing guidelines varies across individuals., Purpose: This study examined the relations of pseudoscientific and just world beliefs, generalized and institutional trust, and political party affiliation to adherence to COVID-19 social distancing guidelines over three months, as well as the explanatory role of COVID-19 risk perceptions in these relations., Methods: A U.S. nationwide sample of 430 adults (49.8% women; mean age = 40.72) completed a prospective online study, including an initial assessment (between March 27 and April 5, 2020), a 1 month follow-up (between April 27 and May 21, 2020), and a 3 month follow-up (between June 26 and July 15, 2020). We hypothesized that greater pseudoscientific and just world beliefs, lower governmental, institutional, and dispositional trust, and Republican Party affiliation would be associated with lower initial adherence to social distancing and greater reductions in social distancing over time and that COVID-19 risk perceptions would account for significant variance in these relations., Results: Results revealed unique associations of lower governmental trust, greater COVID-19 pseudoscientific beliefs, and greater trust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to lower initial adherence to social distancing. Whereas greater COVID-19 risk perceptions and CDC trust were associated with less steep declines in social distancing over time, both Republican (vs. Democratic) Party affiliation and greater COVID-19 pseudoscientific beliefs were associated with steeper declines in social distancing over time (relations accounted for by lower COVID-19 risk perceptions)., Conclusions: Results highlight the utility of public health interventions aimed at improving scientific literacy and emphasizing bipartisan support for social distancing guidelines., (© Society of Behavioral Medicine 2021. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: A fast-growing body of research provides support for the role of positive emotion dysregulation in the etiology and maintenance of a wide range of psychiatric difficulties and clinically relevant behaviors. However, this work has exclusively relied on the subjective assessment of positive emotion dysregulation. Advancing research, the current study examined associations between physiological and subjective indices of positive emotional responding in the laboratory. Specifically, we explored the relation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Positive (Weiss, Gratz, & Lavender, 2015) to resting heart rate variability (HRV) at high and low state positive affect intensity., Methods: Participants were 122 individuals recruited from college and community settings ( M age = 23.39, 84.4% female, 68.0% White)., Results: Findings indicated a positive relation between positive emotion dysregulation and resting HRV at high state positive affect and a negative relation between positive emotion dysregulation and resting HRV at low state positive affect., Conclusions: Results extend our understanding of the associations among subjective and physiological indices of positive emotional processes. These findings have key implications for the conduct of research on positive emotion dysregulation., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest None to report.

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with emotional dysfunction and interpersonal sensitivity. Yet, little work has characterized how BPD features predicts emotional reactivity and emotion regulation behaviors in response to interpersonal stress relative to other forms of stress., Methods: Participants were 152 university students who completed baseline measures of BPD features and complied with two-week daily diary procedures assessing daily emotion regulation strategy use in response to social and non-social stressors., Results: Generalized estimating equations revealed that BPD features predicted greater negative and positive emotions in response to daily stressors, and interacted with type of stressor in predicting urges and behaviors. Elevated BPD features was associated with greater urges for dysfunctional emotion regulatory behaviors and fewer functional emotion regulatory behaviors to a greater extent in response to social (versus non-social) stressors., Limitations: This study was limited by its focus on past-day retrospective recall. Further, the student sample limits the generalizability of these findings., Conclusions: These findings suggest that individuals with elevated BPD features may have less functional emotion regulation in social contexts., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and depression are characterized by negative emotionality, yet BPD is also theorized to be linked with emotional variability. The present study extends past work to a larger time scale and notes the degree to which stress-related emotional responses are variable or persistent across stressors using novel analytic models. Participants ( N = 164) were undergraduate students who completed daily assessments of negative emotional responses to interpersonal stressors for 2 weeks. BPD and depression were associated with greater negative emotional intensity and greater emotional variability in response to nonsocial stressors. Only BPD features were associated with greater emotional variability in response to social stressors. This study is limited by its reliance on self-report in a nonclinical sample and limited within-person assessments. Data point to distinct constellations of emotional dysfunction in BPD and depression. Pending replication, these data may inform targeting of emotional dysfunction in treatment.

Background: Despite theories that negative reinforcement in the form of relief from negative emotions maintains nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), no studies have examined the extent to which specific emotional consequences of NSSI predict the maintenance of NSSI over time or explain the greater risk for NSSI found among individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) pathology. This study examined whether specific emotional consequences of NSSI relate to the continuance of NSSI behavior over a 12-month period and explain the relation of baseline BPD pathology to future NSSI., Methods: Participants with a history of recent repeated NSSI (N = 84) completed baseline measures of BPD pathology, NSSI, and the emotional antecedents and consequences of NSSI, including self-conscious emotions, undifferentiated negative affect, anger, emptiness, sadness, and anxiety; follow-up data on NSSI were collected every three months for one year., Results: Of the emotional consequences of NSSI examined here, only self-conscious emotions significantly predicted the presence and frequency of NSSI during the 12-month follow-up period. Likewise, whereas BPD pathology was not directly associated with later NSSI, both overall BPD pathology and the specific BPD feature of identity problems were indirectly related to the presence of 12-month NSSI through the greater frequency of post-NSSI self-conscious emotions., Limitations: Emotional consequences of NSSI were assessed using a retrospective self-report measure. Only frequency, and not intensity, of emotions before and after NSSI were assessed., Conclusions: Results suggest a distinct role of post-NSSI self-conscious emotions in the maintenance of NSSI among individuals with and without BPD pathology., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Objective: This study examined the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a predictor of treatment response to dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) across the primary outcomes of interest within DBT (i.e., borderline personality disorder [BPD] symptoms, deliberate self-harm, emotion regulation [ER] difficulties) and PTSD symptoms., Method: Participants (N = 56) were consecutive admissions to an outpatient DBT clinic that completed diagnostic interviews at intake and self-report outcome measures at intake and every 3 months throughout the treatment., Results: Patients with (vs. without) a PTSD diagnosis did not report greater clinical severity at intake on most outcome measures, with the exception of PTSD symptom severity and, among older patients only, ER difficulties. The presence of a PTSD diagnosis was not associated with poorer treatment response to DBT. Instead, PTSD was associated with better response on the measure of BPD symptom severity., Conclusions: The results suggest that patients with PTSD can benefit from DBT., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)