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26 results on '"Gorman, M. G."'

1. Femtosecond temperature measurements of laser-shocked copper deduced from the intensity of the x-ray thermal diffuse scattering

Author

Wark, J. S., Peake, D. J., Stevens, T., Heighway, P. G., Ping, Y., Sterne, P., Albertazzi, B., Ali, S. J., Antonelli, L., Armstrong, M. R., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Banerjee, S., Belonoshko, A. B., Bolme, C. A., Bouffetier, V., Briggs, R., Buakor, K., Butcher, T., Cafiso, S. Di Dio, Cerantola, V., Chantel, J., Di Cicco, A., Coleman, A. L., Collier, J., Collins, G., Comley, A. J., Coppari, F., Cowan, T. E., Cristoforetti, G., Cynn, H., Descamps, A., Dorchies, F., Duff, M. J., Dwivedi, A., Edwards, C., Eggert, J. H., Errandonea, D., Fiquet, G., Galtier, E., Garcia, A. Laso, Ginestet, H., Gizzi, L., Gleason, A., Goede, S., Gonzalez, J. M., Gorman, M. G., Harmand, M., Hartley, N., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Higginbotham, A., Höppner, H., Humphries, O. S., Husband, R. J., Hutchinson, T. M., Hwang, H., Keen, D. A., Kim, J., Koester, P., Konopkova, Z., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Labate, L., Lazicki, A. E., Lee, Y., Liermann, H-P., Mason, P., Masruri, M., Massani, B., McBride, E. E., McGuire, C., McHardy, J. D., McGonegle, D., McWilliams, R. S., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nguyen-Cong, K., Norton, A-M., Oleynik, I. I., Otzen, C., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Pelka, A., Pereira, K. A., Phillips, J. P., Prescher, C., Preston, T., Randolph, L., Ranjan, D., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Rips, J., Santamaria-Perez, D., Savage, D. J., Schoelmerich, M., Schwinkendorf, J-P., Singh, S., Smith, J., Smith, R. F., Sollier, A., Spear, J., Spindloe, C., Stevenson, M., Strohm, C., Suer, T-A., Tang, M., Toncian, M., Toncian, T., Tracy, S. J., Trapananti, A., Tschentscher, T., Tyldesley, M., Vennari, C. E., Vinci, T., Vogel, S. C., Volz, T. J., Vorberger, J., Willman, J. T., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., Brambrink, E., Appel, K., and McMahon, M. I.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

We present 50-fs, single-shot measurements of the x-ray thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) from copper foils that have been shocked via nanosecond laser-ablation up to pressures above 135~GPa. We hence deduce the x-ray Debye-Waller (DW) factor, providing a temperature measurement. The targets were laser-shocked with the DiPOLE 100-X laser at the High Energy Density (HED) endstation of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL). Single x-ray pulses, with a photon energy of 18 keV, were scattered from the samples and recorded on Varex detectors. Despite the targets being highly textured (as evinced by large variations in the elastic scattering), and with such texture changing upon compression, the absolute intensity of the azimuthally averaged inelastic TDS between the Bragg peaks is largely insensitive to these changes, and, allowing for both Compton scattering and the low-level scattering from a sacrificial ablator layer, provides a reliable measurement of $T/\Theta_D^2$, where $\Theta_D$ is the Debye temperature. We compare our results with the predictions of the SESAME 3336 and LEOS 290 equations of state for copper, and find good agreement within experimental errors. We thus demonstrate that single-shot temperature measurements of dynamically compressed materials can be made via thermal diffuse scattering of XFEL radation., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures in main article; 10 pages, 5 figures in supplementary material

Published
2025

2. Diffuse scattering from dynamically compressed single-crystal zirconium following the pressure-induced $\alpha\to\omega$ phase transition

Author

Heighway, P. G., Singh, S., Gorman, M. G., McGonegle, D., Eggert, J. H., and Smith, R. F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

The prototypical $\alpha\to\omega$ phase transition in zirconium is an ideal test-bed for our understanding of polymorphism under extreme loading conditions. After half a century of study, a consensus had emerged that the transition is realized via one of two distinct displacive mechanisms, depending on the nature of the compression path. However, recent dynamic-compression experiments equipped with in situ diffraction diagnostics performed in the past few years have revealed new transition mechanisms, demonstrating that our understanding of the underlying atomistic dynamics and transition kinetics is in fact far from complete. We present classical molecular dynamics simulations of the $\alpha\to\omega$ phase transition in single-crystal zirconium shock-compressed along the [0001] axis using a machine-learning-class potential. The transition is predicted to proceed primarily via a modified version of the two-stage Usikov-Zilberstein mechanism, whereby the high-pressure $\omega$-phase heterogeneously nucleates at boundaries between grains of an intermediate $\beta$-phase. We further observe the fomentation of atomistic disorder at the junctions between $\beta$ grains, leading to the formation of highly defective interstitial material between the $\omega$ grains. We directly compare synthetic x-ray diffraction patterns generated from our simulations with those obtained using femtosecond diffraction in recent dynamic-compression experiments, and show that the simulations produce the same unique, anisotropic diffuse scattering signal unlike any previously seen from an elemental metal. Our simulations suggest that the diffuse signal arises from a combination of thermal diffuse scattering, nanoparticle-like scattering from residual kinetically stabilized $\alpha$ and $\beta$ grains, and scattering from interstitial defective structures., Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures in main article; 5 pages, 5 figures in supplementary material. This article will be submitted to Physical Review B

Published
2024

3. Shock compression experiments using the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density instrument at the European x-ray free electron laser: Quantitative structural analysis of liquid Sn.

Author

Gorman, M. G., McGonegle, D., Smith, R. F., Singh, S., Jenkins, T., McWilliams, R. S., Albertazzi, B., Ali, S. J., Antonelli, L., Armstrong, M. R., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Banerjee, S., Belonoshko, A. B., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Bolme, C. A., Bouffetier, V., Briggs, R., Buakor, K., and Butcher, T.

Subjects
*FREE electron lasers, *LIQUID analysis, *ENERGY density, *X-ray lasers, *LASERS, *LIQUID density
Abstract

X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources coupled to high-power laser systems offer an avenue to study the structural dynamics of materials at extreme pressures and temperatures. The recent commissioning of the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density (HED) instrument at the European XFEL represents the state-of-the-art in combining x-ray diffraction with laser compression, allowing for compressed materials to be probed in unprecedented detail. Here, we report quantitative structural measurements of molten Sn compressed to 85(5) GPa and ∼ 3500 K. The capabilities of the HED instrument enable liquid density measurements with an uncertainty of ∼ 1 % at conditions which are extremely challenging to reach via static compression methods. We discuss best practices for conducting liquid diffraction dynamic compression experiments and the necessary intensity corrections which allow for accurate quantitative analysis. We also provide a polyimide ablation pressure vs input laser energy for the DiPOLE 100-X drive laser which will serve future users of the HED instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Metastability of diamond ramp-compressed to 2 terapascals

Author

Lazicki, A., McGonegle, D., Rygg, J. R., Braun, D. G., Swift, D. C., Gorman, M. G., and Smith, R. F.

Subjects
Structure, Identification and classification, Mechanical properties, Analysis, Measurement, Diamonds -- Mechanical properties -- Structure, Metastability -- Analysis, Carbon allotropes -- Mechanical properties -- Identification and classification, Compressibility -- Measurement, Diamond crystals -- Mechanical properties -- Structure
Abstract

Author(s): A. Lazicki [sup.1] , D. McGonegle [sup.2] , J. R. Rygg [sup.3] [sup.4] [sup.5] , D. G. Braun [sup.1] , D. C. Swift [sup.1] , M. G. Gorman [sup.1] [...], Carbon is the fourth-most prevalent element in the Universe and essential for all known life. In the elemental form it is found in multiple allotropes, including graphite, diamond and fullerenes, and it has long been predicted that even more structures can exist at pressures greater than those at Earth's core.sup.1-3. Several phases have been predicted to exist in the multi-terapascal regime, which is important for accurate modelling of the interiors of carbon-rich exoplanets.sup.4,5. By compressing solid carbon to 2 terapascals (20 million atmospheres; more than five times the pressure at Earth's core) using ramp-shaped laser pulses and simultaneously measuring nanosecond-duration time-resolved X-ray diffraction, we found that solid carbon retains the diamond structure far beyond its regime of predicted stability. The results confirm predictions that the strength of the tetrahedral molecular orbital bonds in diamond persists under enormous pressure, resulting in large energy barriers that hinder conversion to more-stable high-pressure allotropes.sup.1,2, just as graphite formation from metastable diamond is kinetically hindered at atmospheric pressure. This work nearly doubles the highest pressure at which X-ray diffraction has been recorded on any material. X-ray diffraction measurements of solid carbon compressed to pressures of about two terapascals (approximately twenty million atmospheres) find that carbon retains a diamond structure even under these extreme conditions.

Published
2021
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6. Shock compression experiments using the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density instrument at the European x-ray free electron laser: Quantitative structural analysis of liquid Sn

Author

Gorman, M, Mcgonegle, D, Smith, R, Singh, S, Jenkins, T, Mcwilliams, R, Albertazzi, B, Ali, S, Antonelli, L, Armstrong, M, Baehtz, C, Ball, O, Banerjee, S, Belonoshko, A, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A, Bolme, C, Bouffetier, V, Briggs, R, Buakor, K, Butcher, T, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Cerantola, V, Chantel, J, Di Cicco, A, Clarke, S, Coleman, A, Collier, J, Collins, G, Comley, A, Coppari, F, Cowan, T, Cristoforetti, G, Cynn, H, Descamps, A, Dorchies, F, Duff, M, Dwivedi, A, Edwards, C, Eggert, J, Errandonea, D, Fiquet, G, Galtier, E, Laso Garcia, A, Ginestet, H, Gizzi, L, Gleason, A, Goede, S, Gonzalez, J, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Heighway, P, Hernandez-Gomez, C, Higginbotham, A, Höppner, H, Husband, R, Hutchinson, T, Hwang, H, Lazicki, A, Keen, D, Kim, J, Koester, P, Konopkova, Z, Kraus, D, Krygier, A, Labate, L, Lee, Y, Liermann, H, Mason, P, Masruri, M, Massani, B, Mcbride, E, Mcguire, C, Mchardy, J, Merkel, S, Morard, G, Nagler, B, Nakatsutsumi, M, Nguyen-Cong, K, Norton, A, Oleynik, I, Otzen, C, Ozaki, N, Pandolfi, S, Peake, D, Pelka, A, Pereira, K, Phillips, J, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Randolph, L, Ranjan, D, Ravasio, A, Redmer, R, Rips, J, Santamaria-Perez, D, Savage, D, Schoelmerich, M, Schwinkendorf, J, Smith, J, Sollier, A, Spear, J, Spindloe, C, Stevenson, M, Strohm, C, Suer, T, Tang, M, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Tracy, S, Trapananti, A, Tschentscher, T, Tyldesley, M, Vennari, C, Vinci, T, Vogel, S, Volz, T, Vorberger, J, Walsh, J, Wark, J, Willman, J, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Brambrink, E, Appel, K, Mcmahon, M, Gorman, M. G., McGonegle, D., Smith, R. F., Singh, S., Jenkins, T., McWilliams, R. S., Albertazzi, B., Ali, S. J., Antonelli, L., Armstrong, M. R., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Banerjee, S., Belonoshko, A. B., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Bolme, C. A., Bouffetier, V., Briggs, R., Buakor, K., Butcher, T., Di Dio Cafiso, S., Cerantola, V., Chantel, J., Di Cicco, A., Clarke, S., Coleman, A. L., Collier, J., Collins, G. W., Comley, A. J., Coppari, F., Cowan, T. E., Cristoforetti, G., Cynn, H., Descamps, A., Dorchies, F., Duff, M. J., Dwivedi, A., Edwards, C., Eggert, J. H., Errandonea, D., Fiquet, G., Galtier, E., Laso Garcia, A., Ginestet, H., Gizzi, L., Gleason, A., Goede, S., Gonzalez, J. M., Harmand, M., Hartley, N. J., Heighway, P. G., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Higginbotham, A., Höppner, H., Husband, R. J., Hutchinson, T. M., Hwang, H., Lazicki, A. E., Keen, D. A., Kim, J., Koester, P., Konopkova, Z., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Labate, L., Lee, Y., Liermann, H. -P., Mason, P., Masruri, M., Massani, B., McBride, E. E., McGuire, C., McHardy, J. D., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nguyen-Cong, K., Norton, A. -M., Oleynik, I. I., Otzen, C., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Peake, D. J., Pelka, A., Pereira, K. A., Phillips, J. P., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Randolph, L., Ranjan, D., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Rips, J., Santamaria-Perez, D., Savage, D. J., Schoelmerich, M., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Smith, J., Sollier, A., Spear, J., Spindloe, C., Stevenson, M., Strohm, C., Suer, T. -A., Tang, M., Toncian, M., Toncian, T., Tracy, S. J., Trapananti, A., Tschentscher, T., Tyldesley, M., Vennari, C. E., Vinci, T., Vogel, S. C., Volz, T. J., Vorberger, J., Walsh, J. P. S., Wark, J. S., Willman, J. T., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., Brambrink, E., Appel, K., McMahon, M. I., Gorman, M, Mcgonegle, D, Smith, R, Singh, S, Jenkins, T, Mcwilliams, R, Albertazzi, B, Ali, S, Antonelli, L, Armstrong, M, Baehtz, C, Ball, O, Banerjee, S, Belonoshko, A, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A, Bolme, C, Bouffetier, V, Briggs, R, Buakor, K, Butcher, T, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Cerantola, V, Chantel, J, Di Cicco, A, Clarke, S, Coleman, A, Collier, J, Collins, G, Comley, A, Coppari, F, Cowan, T, Cristoforetti, G, Cynn, H, Descamps, A, Dorchies, F, Duff, M, Dwivedi, A, Edwards, C, Eggert, J, Errandonea, D, Fiquet, G, Galtier, E, Laso Garcia, A, Ginestet, H, Gizzi, L, Gleason, A, Goede, S, Gonzalez, J, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Heighway, P, Hernandez-Gomez, C, Higginbotham, A, Höppner, H, Husband, R, Hutchinson, T, Hwang, H, Lazicki, A, Keen, D, Kim, J, Koester, P, Konopkova, Z, Kraus, D, Krygier, A, Labate, L, Lee, Y, Liermann, H, Mason, P, Masruri, M, Massani, B, Mcbride, E, Mcguire, C, Mchardy, J, Merkel, S, Morard, G, Nagler, B, Nakatsutsumi, M, Nguyen-Cong, K, Norton, A, Oleynik, I, Otzen, C, Ozaki, N, Pandolfi, S, Peake, D, Pelka, A, Pereira, K, Phillips, J, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Randolph, L, Ranjan, D, Ravasio, A, Redmer, R, Rips, J, Santamaria-Perez, D, Savage, D, Schoelmerich, M, Schwinkendorf, J, Smith, J, Sollier, A, Spear, J, Spindloe, C, Stevenson, M, Strohm, C, Suer, T, Tang, M, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Tracy, S, Trapananti, A, Tschentscher, T, Tyldesley, M, Vennari, C, Vinci, T, Vogel, S, Volz, T, Vorberger, J, Walsh, J, Wark, J, Willman, J, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Brambrink, E, Appel, K, Mcmahon, M, Gorman, M. G., McGonegle, D., Smith, R. F., Singh, S., Jenkins, T., McWilliams, R. S., Albertazzi, B., Ali, S. J., Antonelli, L., Armstrong, M. R., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Banerjee, S., Belonoshko, A. B., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Bolme, C. A., Bouffetier, V., Briggs, R., Buakor, K., Butcher, T., Di Dio Cafiso, S., Cerantola, V., Chantel, J., Di Cicco, A., Clarke, S., Coleman, A. L., Collier, J., Collins, G. W., Comley, A. J., Coppari, F., Cowan, T. E., Cristoforetti, G., Cynn, H., Descamps, A., Dorchies, F., Duff, M. J., Dwivedi, A., Edwards, C., Eggert, J. H., Errandonea, D., Fiquet, G., Galtier, E., Laso Garcia, A., Ginestet, H., Gizzi, L., Gleason, A., Goede, S., Gonzalez, J. M., Harmand, M., Hartley, N. J., Heighway, P. G., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Higginbotham, A., Höppner, H., Husband, R. J., Hutchinson, T. M., Hwang, H., Lazicki, A. E., Keen, D. A., Kim, J., Koester, P., Konopkova, Z., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Labate, L., Lee, Y., Liermann, H. -P., Mason, P., Masruri, M., Massani, B., McBride, E. E., McGuire, C., McHardy, J. D., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nguyen-Cong, K., Norton, A. -M., Oleynik, I. I., Otzen, C., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Peake, D. J., Pelka, A., Pereira, K. A., Phillips, J. P., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Randolph, L., Ranjan, D., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Rips, J., Santamaria-Perez, D., Savage, D. J., Schoelmerich, M., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Smith, J., Sollier, A., Spear, J., Spindloe, C., Stevenson, M., Strohm, C., Suer, T. -A., Tang, M., Toncian, M., Toncian, T., Tracy, S. J., Trapananti, A., Tschentscher, T., Tyldesley, M., Vennari, C. E., Vinci, T., Vogel, S. C., Volz, T. J., Vorberger, J., Walsh, J. P. S., Wark, J. S., Willman, J. T., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., Brambrink, E., Appel, K., and McMahon, M. I.

Abstract

X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources coupled to high-power laser systems offer an avenue to study the structural dynamics of materials at extreme pressures and temperatures. The recent commissioning of the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density (HED) instrument at the European XFEL represents the state-of-the-art in combining x-ray diffraction with laser compression, allowing for compressed materials to be probed in unprecedented detail. Here, we report quantitative structural measurements of molten Sn compressed to 85(5) GPa and ∼ 3500 K. The capabilities of the HED instrument enable liquid density measurements with an uncertainty of ∼ 1 % at conditions which are extremely challenging to reach via static compression methods. We discuss best practices for conducting liquid diffraction dynamic compression experiments and the necessary intensity corrections which allow for accurate quantitative analysis. We also provide a polyimide ablation pressure vs input laser energy for the DiPOLE 100-X drive laser which will serve future users of the HED instrument.

Published
2024

7. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction diagnostic development for the National Ignition Facility

Author

Werellapatha, K., primary, Palmer, N. E., additional, Gorman, M. G., additional, Bernier, J. V., additional, Bhandarkar, N. S., additional, Bradley, D. K., additional, Braun, D. G., additional, Bruhn, M., additional, Carpenter, A., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Coppari, F., additional, Dayton, M., additional, Durand, C., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Ferguson, B., additional, Heidl, B., additional, Heinbockel, C., additional, Heredia, R., additional, Huckins, J., additional, Hurd, E., additional, Hsing, W., additional, Krauland, C. M., additional, Lazicki, A. E., additional, Kalantar, D., additional, Kehl, J., additional, Killebrew, K., additional, Masters, N., additional, Millot, M., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Petre, R. B., additional, Ping, Y., additional, Polsin, D. N., additional, Singh, S., additional, Stan, C. V., additional, Swift, D., additional, Tabimina, J., additional, Thomas, A., additional, Zobrist, T., additional, and Benedetti, L. R., additional

Published
2024
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9. Diamond formation in double-shocked epoxy to 150 GPa.

Author

Marshall, M. C., Gorman, M. G., Polsin, D. N., Eggert, J. H., Ginnane, M. K., Rygg, J. R., Collins, G. W., and Leininger, L. D.

Subjects
*METHANE hydrates, *DIAMONDS, *DIFFRACTION patterns, *X-ray diffraction, *POLYMERS, *PYROMETRY
Abstract

We present measurements of diamond formation in doubly shocked Stycast 1266 epoxy (comprising C, H, Cl, N, and O) using in situ x-ray diffraction. Epoxy samples were reshocked against a LiF window to pressures between 80 and 148 GPa in experiments at the Omega Laser Facility. The pressure and temperature conditions were diagnosed in situ using velocimetry and optical pyrometry, respectively. X-ray diffraction patterns of the compressed epoxy are consistent with cubic diamond (Fd 3 ¯ m), indicating that diamond can precipitate not only from twice-shocked CH polystyrene [Kraus et al. Nat. Astron. 1, 606 (2017)] at these conditions but also from twice-shocked CH polymers with the addition of oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorine. These results, in combination with previous works on CH, CH 2 , CH 4 , and methane hydrate, support that diamond often, but not always, forms from CH-based compounds at extreme pressures and temperatures, indicating that the chemical composition, thermodynamic compression path, and kinetics play an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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10. Ramp compression of tantalum to multiterapascal pressures: Constraints of the thermal equation of state to 2.3 TPa and 5000 K

Author

Gorman, M. G., primary, Wu, C. J., additional, Smith, R. F., additional, Benedict, L. X., additional, Prisbrey, C. J., additional, Schill, W., additional, Bonev, S. A., additional, Long, Z. C., additional, Söderlind, P., additional, Braun, D., additional, Swift, D. C., additional, Briggs, R., additional, Volz, T. J., additional, O'Bannon, E. F., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Fratanduono, D. E., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Ali, S. J., additional, and McNaney, J. M., additional

Published
2023
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12. Optimized x-ray emission from 10 ns long germanium x-ray sources at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Werellapatha, K., primary, Hall, G. N., additional, Krauland, C., additional, Krygier, A., additional, Bhandarkar, N., additional, Bradley, D. K., additional, Coppari, F., additional, Gorman, M. G., additional, Heinbockel, C., additional, Kemp, G. E., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Lazicki, A., additional, Masters, N., additional, May, M. J., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Palmer, N. E., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, and Benedetti, L. R., additional

Published
2022
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13. X-ray source characterization and sample heating on x-ray diffraction experiments at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Krygier, A., primary, Wehrenberg, C. E., additional, Bernier, J. V., additional, Clarke, S., additional, Coleman, A. L., additional, Coppari, F., additional, Duffy, T. S., additional, Gorman, M. G., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Kalantar, D., additional, Kemp, G. E., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Krauland, C., additional, Kraus, R. G., additional, Lazicki, A., additional, MacDonald, M. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E., additional, Marshall, M. C., additional, May, M., additional, McNaney, J. M., additional, Millot, M., additional, Ping, Y., additional, Poole, P. L., additional, Rygg, J. R., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Sio, H., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Swift, D., additional, Yeamans, C., additional, Zobrist, T., additional, Smith, R. F., additional, and Eggert, J. H., additional

Published
2022
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14. Long-Duration X-Ray Source Development for X-Ray Diffraction at The National Ignition Facility

Author

Werellapatha, K., primary, Hall, G. N., additional, Coppari, F., additional, Kemp, G. E., additional, Krygier, A., additional, Palmer, N. E., additional, Krauland, C., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Lazicki, A., additional, Gorman, M. G., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Heinbockel, C., additional, Bhandarkar, N., additional, Masters, N., additional, Bradley, D. K., additional, Eggert, J.H., additional, and Benedetti, L. R., additional

Published
2021
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15. Timing characterization of fast hCMOS sensors

Author

Benedetti, L. R., primary, Palmer, N. E., additional, Hurd, E. R., additional, Durand, C. E., additional, Carpenter, A. C., additional, Dayton, M. S., additional, Golick, B., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Werellapatha, K., additional, and Gorman, M. G., additional

Published
2021
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16. Recovery of a high-pressure phase formed under laser-driven compression

Author

Gorman, M. G., primary, McGonegle, D., additional, Tracy, S. J., additional, Clarke, S. M., additional, Bolme, C. A., additional, Gleason, A. E., additional, Ali, S. J., additional, Hok, S., additional, Greeff, C. W., additional, Heighway, P. G., additional, Hulpach, K., additional, Glam, B., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Wicks, J. K., additional, and Smith, R. F., additional

Published
2020
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17. Coordination changes in liquid tin under shock compression determined using in situ femtosecond x-ray diffraction

Author

Briggs, R., primary, Gorman, M. G., additional, Zhang, S., additional, McGonegle, D., additional, Coleman, A. L., additional, Coppari, F., additional, Morales-Silva, M. A., additional, Smith, R. F., additional, Wicks, J. K., additional, Bolme, C. A., additional, Gleason, A. E., additional, Cunningham, E., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Nagler, B., additional, McMahon, M. I., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, and Fratanduono, D. E., additional

Published
2019
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19. Identification of Phase Transitions and Metastability in Dynamically Compressed Antimony Using Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction

Author

Coleman, A. L., primary, Gorman, M. G., additional, Briggs, R., additional, McWilliams, R. S., additional, McGonegle, D., additional, Bolme, C. A., additional, Gleason, A. E., additional, Fratanduono, D. E., additional, Smith, R. F., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Granados, E., additional, Collins, G. W., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, and McMahon, M. I., additional

Published
2019
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20. Long duration x-ray source development for x-ray diffraction at the National Ignition Facility.

Author

Werellapatha, K., Hall, G. N., Coppari, F., Kemp, G. E., Palmer, N. E., Krauland, C., Khan, S. F., Lazicki, A., Gorman, M. G., Nagel, S. R., Heinbockel, C., Bhandarkar, N., Masters, N., Bradley, D. K., Eggert, J. H., and Benedetti, L. R.

Subjects
X-ray diffraction, X-rays, PHASE transitions, LASER pulses
Abstract

We present the results of experiments to produce a 10 ns-long, quasi-monochromatic x-ray source. This effort is needed to support time-resolved x-ray diffraction (XRDt) measurements of phase transitions during laser-driven dynamic compression experiments at the National Ignition Facility. To record XRDt of phase transitions as they occur, we use high-speed (∼1 ns) gated hybrid CMOS detectors, which record multiple frames of data over a timescale of a few to tens of ns. Consequently, to make effective use of these imagers, XRDt needs the x-ray source to be narrow in energy and uniform in time as long as the sensors are active. The x-ray source is produced by a laser irradiated Ge foil. Our results indicate that the x-ray source lasts during the whole duration of the main laser pulse. Both time-resolved and time-integrated spectral data indicate that the line emission is dominated by the He-α complex over higher energy emission lines. Time-integrated spectra agree well with a one-dimensional Cartesian simulation using HYDRA that predicts a conversion efficiency of 0.56% when the incident intensity is 2 × 1015 W/cm2 on a Ge backlighter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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21. Phase transitions in shock compressed bismuth identified using single photon energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (SPEDX)

Author

Briggs, R., Suggit, Matthew J., Gorman, M. G., Coleman, A., Heathcote, R., Higginbotham, A., Patel, M S, Wark, J S, and McMahon, Malcolm I.

Abstract

We present evidence for phase transitions in shock-compressed bismuth using the SPEDX x-ray diffraction technique. Experiments were performed on the Vulcan laser at the Central Laser Facility, RAL, Didcot, UK. We observed diffraction from the (110) bcc peak of Bi-V, and from its calculated lattice parameter the pressure was determined to be approximately 17 GPa. Upon further compression (higher laser intensities), no further diffraction from solid phases was observed. Shock melting of bismuth is thought to occur between 18 and 27 GPa. Diffraction results at lower pressures as a function of delay time are also presented.

Published
2017

22. Recovery of metastable dense Bi synthesized by shock compression

Author

Gorman, M. G., primary, Coleman, A. L., additional, Briggs, R., additional, McWilliams, R. S., additional, Hermann, A., additional, McGonegle, D., additional, Bolme, C. A., additional, Gleason, A. E., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Granados, E., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, Rothman, S., additional, Fratanduono, D. E., additional, Smith, R. F., additional, Collins, G. W., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, and McMahon, M. I., additional

Published
2019
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24. Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Phase Transitions and Equation of State of Scandium Shock Compressed to 82 GPa

Author

Briggs, R., primary, Gorman, M. G., additional, Coleman, A. L., additional, McWilliams, R. S., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, McGonegle, D., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, Peacock, L., additional, Rothman, S., additional, Macleod, S. G., additional, Bolme, C. A., additional, Gleason, A. E., additional, Collins, G. W., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Fratanduono, D. E., additional, Smith, R. F., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Granados, E., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Nam, I., additional, Xing, Z., additional, and McMahon, M. I., additional

Published
2017
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25. Recovery of metastable dense Bi synthesized by shock compression.

Author

Coleman, A. L., McWilliams, R. S., Hermann, A., McMahon, M. I., Gorman, M. G., Briggs, R., McBride, E. E., Fratanduono, D. E., Smith, R. F., Eggert, J. H., McGonegle, D., Wark, J. S., Bolme, C. A., Gleason, A. E., Galtier, E., Lee, H. J., Granados, E., Rothman, S., and Collins, G. W.

Subjects
X-rays, ELECTRONS, DYNAMICS, EQUILIBRIUM, COMPRESSION loads
Abstract

X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources have revolutionized our capability to study ultrafast material behavior. Using an XFEL, we revisit the structural dynamics of shock compressed bismuth, resolving the transition sequence on shock release in unprecedented details. Unlike previous studies that found the phase-transition sequence on shock release to largely adhere to the equilibrium phase diagram (i.e., Bi-V → Bi-III → Bi-II → Bi-I), our results clearly reveal previously unseen, non-equilibrium behavior at these conditions. On pressure release from the Bi-V phase at 5 GPa, the Bi-III phase is not formed but rather a new metastable form of Bi. This new phase transforms into the Bi-II phase which in turn transforms into a phase of Bi which is not observed on compression. We determine this phase to be isostructural with β-Sn and recover it to ambient pressure where it exists for 20 ns before transforming back to the Bi-I phase. The structural relationship between the tetragonal β-Sn phase and the Bi-II phase (from which it forms) is discussed. Our results show the effect that rapid compression rates can have on the phase selection in a transforming material and show great promise for recovering high-pressure polymorphs with novel material properties in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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26. Direct Observation of Melting in Shock-Compressed Bismuth With Femtosecond X-ray Diffraction

Author

Gorman, M. G., primary, Briggs, R., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, Higginbotham, A., additional, Arnold, B., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Fratanduono, D. E., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Lazicki, A. E., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Liermann, H. P., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Rothkirch, A., additional, Smith, R. F., additional, Swift, D. C., additional, Collins, G. W., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, and McMahon, M. I., additional

Published
2015
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