Under future climate change, plant species are expected to shift their ranges in response to increasing temperatures and altered precipitation patterns. As seeds represent the single opportunity for plants to move, predicting potential range shifts requires an understanding about the relationship between the environment and reproduction. While total seed production is clearly important, seed quality is equally as critical and often overlooked. If a seed is low quality the likelihood of germination and successful recruitment decreases. Thus, to quantify how environmental variation affects seed quality and quantity, the reproductive output of red maple (Acer rubrum) was measured along an elevation gradient in the Monongahela National Forest, WV. In spring of 2018, 44 seeding trees were identified, and another 44 non-seeding trees were randomly selected for comparison. For each tree, a variety of individual-level characteristics were measured (i.e., DBH, canopy area, tree cores). Seed traps were placed under seed-bearing trees to collect samaras and quantify total seed production. Then, a random subsample of the collected seeds from each tree was micro-CT scanned to determine embryo volume, photographed for morphology measurements, and used for germination trials. The results showed that trees with larger canopy volumes were the most likely to produce seed. However, the number of seeds produced was negatively affected by frost events during flower and stand density. The trees with the most seeds also showed reduced growth (i.e., basal area increments) in the past 3 years. The likelihood of embryo presence increased with lower growth rates in the past 5 years, while embryo size increased with height, smaller DBH, and in areas dominated by hemlock. Both larger embryo volume and larger overall seed size increased the likelihood of germination. The results of my thesis highlight the importance of examining seed quality in addition to seed quantity for a more complete representation of reproductive output.