Search

Aim: We aimed to identify the factors contributing to subjective well‐being in community‐dwelling older adults in rural Japan. This study explored the relationship among physical and mental health, socioeconomic status, and activity levels with regard to the subjective well‐being of older adults. Methods: In the Frail Elderly in the Sasayama‐Tamba Area study, a cohort investigation of independent older adults in a rural Japanese community, 541 of 844 participants completed a 2‐year follow‐up survey. Subjective well‐being was assessed as a binary based on three factors – "happiness," "satisfaction with life" and "meaning in life" – using a subset of the World Health Organization's Quality of Life questionnaire. The improvement group transitioned from not having subjective well‐being during the baseline survey to having subjective well‐being during the follow‐up survey. Furthermore, we used multivariable log‐Poisson regression models to calculate the prevalence ratios of subjective well‐being. Results: The cross‐sectional study showed that sleep satisfaction, health services access satisfaction and having a higher‐level functional capacity were positively associated with having "happiness" and "satisfaction with life." Furthermore, being aged ≥80 years and having financial leeway were positively associated with having "meaning in life." The longitudinal study showed that having a higher‐level functional capacity was positively associated with improving "happiness" and "satisfaction with life." Being female was positively associated with improving "happiness" and "meaning in life," and health services access satisfaction and alcohol drinking were positively associated with improving "satisfaction with life" and "meaning in life," respectively. Conclusions: These findings offer promising avenues for enhancing the subjective well‐being of older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 311–319. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When some trials provide individual patient data (IPD) and the others provide only aggregate data (AD), meta-analysis methods for combining IPD and AD are required. We propose a method that reconstructs the missing IPD for AD trials by a Bayesian sampling procedure and then applies an IPD meta-analysis model to the mixture of simulated IPD and collected IPD. The method is applicable when a treatment effect can be assumed fixed across trials. We focus on situations of a single continuous outcome and covariate and aim to estimate treatment-covariate interactions separated into within-trial and across-trial effect. An illustration with hypertension data which has similar mean covariates across trials indicates that the method substantially reduces mean square error of the pooled within-trial interaction estimate in comparison with existing approaches. A simulation study supposing there exists one IPD trial and nine AD trials suggests that the method has suitable type I error rate and approximately zero bias as long as the available IPD contains at least 10% of total patients, where the average gain in mean square error is up to about 40%. However, the method is currently restricted by the fixed effect assumption, and extension to random effects to allow heterogeneity is required.

An attempt is made to investigate the rate constants and the IO yield for the reaction of CH2I with O2 by monitoring the absorption of IO radicals with cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Results suggest that the two-body reaction mechanism is dominant in CH2I + O2, or possibly the CH2IO2 formation path reaches already its high-pressure limit with a very limited yield.

A study is done of ring-down absorption spectroscopy and smog-chamber techniques are used in an interesting experiment regarding relative rate study of reactions of HCO radicals. The ab initio calculations show that the reaction of HCO radicals with Cl2 proceeds via the formation of the HC(O)Cl2 complex, which decomposes, rapidly to HC(O)Cl and a Cl atom.

Results suggest that the n-sigma type chloranil dianion interaction plays a role in the hydrogen bond formation in p-quinone dianion complexes with methyl alcohol as indicated by the blue-shift of the p-quinone dianion spectra.