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High Nature Value (HNV) farmlands currently retain most of the biodiversity associated with agricultural landscapes in Europe. In a time of globalized food systems, the social-ecological conditions to maintain these low-intensity and thus less productive HNV farming systems are difficult to meet. Halting the loss of HNV farmland requires fostering the socioeconomic viability of HNV farming systems that is compatible with social, cultural, and ecological values. Pursuing such viability calls for tailored actions to steer the development of HNV farming systems based on the strength of their local assets. Such a transformational learning process involves changing the territorial dynamic towards better integration of biodiversity at several levels of management (from farm to territorial level). Based on the description and analysis of ten HNV territories distributed across Europe, we explore how HNV innovation brokers can strategically engage with local actors to preserve the environmental characteristics of HNV farmland areas while improving their socioeconomic viability. The aim of this research is to improve the understanding of the range of approaches and strategies of innovation brokers to meet the challenges of HNV farmland conservation. The study analyzes the different innovation processes that took place in each area, concentrating on the engagement phase. Our results demonstrate that HNV farming situations across Europe are quite diverse from an agroecological and socioeconomic point of view. There are distinct conservation challenges and associated risks for each HNV farming context. The need for a strategic approach to HNV conservation at landscape–territory level is discussed. The key role of innovation brokers is highlighted, together with the need for a strategic approach to innovation brokerage, which is explicit in relation to territorial needs and the changes required. We demonstrate the importance of the landscape–territorial vision as an entry point for shaping HNV farming systems towards socially desirable scenarios.

The AKIS International Conference was organised in the frame of ARIMNet2 (Coordination of Agricultural Research in the Mediterranean; 2014-2017), an ERA-NET project involving 24 partners from 15 Mediterranean countries, funded through the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration, and whose objective is to enhance the coordination of Agricultural Research in the Mediterranean area so as to benefit stakeholders and improve the economy of the region. The conference gathered 75 participants from 16 countries with diverse and complementary profiles, including ARIMNet2 consortium representatives and stakeholders such as farmers, agribusiness entrepreneurs, funders, policy-makers, researchers, NGOs, etc. During two days, they brainstormed and discussed about ways to improve transnational agricultural research and innovation. They finally came up with concrete recommendations to impact future collaborative research & innovation programmes and initiatives on Mediterranean agriculture.

Fruit of a continuous dialogue between ARIMNet2 partners (i.e. 24 funding agencies and research institutions), renowned international scientists and European institutions, and based on a shared vision of Mediterranean challenges and priorities, the ARIMNet2 Integrated Strategic Research Agenda (ISRA) constitutes a transnational strategy to boost agricultural research and innovation and enhance sustainably food security, natural resource preservation and socio-economic development across the Mediterranean region. The ISRA is the actual roadmap for joint action in the framework of ARIMNet2 and might also guide future similar initiatives and policy-making. It frames the multiple activities implemented or proposed by the ARIMNet2 Consortium to actively support Mediterranean research and innovation efforts, notably by funding collaborative research projects (e.g. transnational calls), sharing research infrastructures and equipment (e.g. joint experiments, shared platforms), and fostering knowledge exchange and capacity-building (e.g. young researchers seminars, international conferences, networking events). The ISRA builds upon and complements existing European initiatives for the Mediterranean region, in particular the FACCE-JPI and Standing Committee on Agricultural Research (SCAR), paving the way for a more inclusive and effective Euro-Mediterranean cooperation on agricultural research and innovation.

FLUXPYR (www. uxpyr.eu) is a research network for the determination and management of water, carbon and energy uxes in agricultural and grassland ecosystems in the Pyrenees in a context of climate and land use changes. It involves more than 50 multidisciplinary researchers from Spain, France and Andorra and is based on three related components: research, transfer and training. It combines ux measurement and remote sensing techniques as well as modelling to study ecosystem patterns and processes on di erent scales and to disentangle the e ects of weather, climate and land use changes on Pyrenean ecosystems and landscapes. It contributes to the development of innovative technologies and protocols, and to the elaboration of meteorological models and predictive maps of land cover, water content and carbon distribution and snow cover. It links science and policy by informing policy makers and stakeholders and helps with the establishment of guidelines for the sustainable management of grasslands and other agroecosystems and the development of suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies. FLUXPYR also raises awareness among citizens on the causes and consequences of global changes, and ways to cope with them. e success and future of FLUXPYR will depend on its capacity to generate high quality scienti c products, to translate those products into useful tools for society and the management of the environment, and to connect itself to other networks and actors which are already working on climate change issues in Europe. FLUXPYR (www.fluxpyr.eu) is a research network for the determination and management of water, carbon and energy fluxes in agricultural and grassland ecosystems in the Pyrenees in a context of climate and land use changes. It involves more than 50 multidisciplinary researchers from Spain, France and Andorra and is based on three related components: research, transfer and training. It combines flux measurement and remote sensing techniques as well as modelling to study ecosystem patterns and processes on different scales and to disentangle the effects of weather, climate and land use changes on Pyrenean ecosystems and landscapes. It contributes to the development of innovative technologies and protocols, and to the elaboration of meteorological models and predictive maps of land cover, water content and carbon distribution and snow cover. It links science and policy by informing policy makers and stakeholders and helps with the establishment of guidelines for the sustainable management of grasslands and other agroecosystems and the development of suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies. FLUXPYR also raises awareness among citizens on the causes and consequences of global changes, and ways to cope with them. The success and future of FLUXPYR will depend on its capacity to generate high quality scientific products, to translate those products into useful tools for society and the management of the environment, and to connect itself to other networks and actors which are already working on climate change issues in Europe F LUXPYR (www.fluxpyr.eu) és una xarxa transfronterera per a la determinació i la gestió dels fluxos i les reserves d’aigua, carboni i energia en els ecosistemes agrícoles i pastorals dels Pirineus, en un context de canvi climàtic i de canvis en l’ús del sòl. Involucra més de 50 investigadors multidisciplinaris d’Espanya, França i Andorra, i es basa en tres components relacionats: la investigació, la transferència i la formació. Combina tècniques de mesura de fluxos, tècniques de teledetecció i la modelització per estudiar els patrons i els processos ecosistèmics a diferents escales i per separar els efectes del clima i dels canvis en l’ús del sòl en els ecosistemes i els paisatges pirinencs. Contribueix al desenvolupament de tecnologies i protocols innovadors i a l’elaboració de mapes predictius de cobertura del sòl, contingut d’aigua i distribució del carboni al sòl, cobertura de neu, etc. Relaciona ciència i política, informant polítics i altres parts involucrades, i ajuda al disseny de guies per a la gestió sostenible de les pastures i els agroecosistemes i per al desenvolupament d’estratègies d’adaptació i mitigació adequades. A més, sensibilitza la societat sobre les causes i les conseqüències dels canvis globals i les maneres d’afrontar-los. El seu èxit i la seva continuïtat dependran de la seva capacitat per generar productes científics d’alta qualitat, per convertir aquests productes en elements útils per a la societat i la gestió del medi ambient, i per connectar-se amb altres xarxes i actors que ja treballen el tema del canvi climàtic a Europa. FLUXPYR és un programa cofinançat per la Unió Europea - FEDER, la Gene- ralitat de Catalunya (Oficina Catalana del Canvi Climàtic del Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge, i Departa- ment d’Innovació, Universitats i Empre- sa) i el Conseil Régional Midi-Pyrénées. FLUXPYR rep suport addicional dels ministeris francesos, CNES, INSU, UPS, UTM, APEM, ETH, ARPE, IPE/CSIC, CEFE, Universitat de Hèlsinki, CTP, OPCC.

Dossier FLUXPYR (www.fluxpyr.eu) és una xarxa transfronterera per a la determinació i la gestió dels fluxos i reserves d'aigua, carboni i energia en els ecosistemes agrícoles i pastorals dels Pirineus, en un context de canvi climàtic i canvis en l'ús del sòl. Involucra a més de 50 investigadors multidisciplinaris d'Espanya, França i Andorra, i es basa sobre tres components relacionats: la investigació, la transferència i la formació. Combina tècniques per a medició de fluxos, tècniques de teledetecció i la modelització per a estudiar els patrons i processos ecosistèmics a diferents escales i per separar cls efectes del clima i canvis en l'ús del sòl sobre els ecosistemes i paisatges pirinencs. Contribueix al desenvolupament de tecnologies i protocols innovadors i a I'elaboració de mapes predictius de la cobertura del sdl, contingut d'aigua i distribució del carboni al sòl. cobertura de neu, etc. Relaciona ciència i política, informant polítics i d'altres parts involucrades, i ajuda al disseny de guies per a la gestió sostenible de les pastures i dels agroeco-sistemes. i per al desenvolupament d'estratègies d'adaptació i mitigació adients. A més. sensibilitza a la societat sobre les causes i conseqüències dels canvis globals i les maneres d'enfrontar-los. El seu èxit i la seva continuïtat dependran de la seva capacitat per generar productes científics d'alta qualitat, per a traduir aquests productes en elements útils per a la societat i la gestió dcl medi ambient, i per a connectar-se amb d'altres xarxes i actors que ja treballen sobre el terna del canvi climàtic a Europa.

FLUXPYR (www. uxpyr.eu) is a research network for the determination and management of water, carbon and energy uxes in agricultural and grassland ecosystems in the Pyrenees in a context of climate and land use changes. It involves more than 50 multidisciplinary researchers from Spain, France and Andorra and is based on three related components: research, transfer and training. It combines ux measurement and remote sensing techniques as well as modelling to study ecosystem patterns and processes on di erent scales and to disentangle the e ects of weather, climate and land use changes on Pyrenean ecosystems and landscapes. It contributes to the development of innovative technologies and protocols, and to the elaboration of meteorological models and predictive maps of land cover, water content and carbon distribution and snow cover. It links science and policy by informing policy makers and stakeholders and helps with the establishment of guidelines for the sustainable management of grasslands and other agroecosystems and the development of suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies. FLUXPYR also raises awareness among citizens on the causes and consequences of global changes, and ways to cope with them. e success and future of FLUXPYR will depend on its capacity to generate high quality scienti c products, to translate those products into useful tools for society and the management of the environment, and to connect itself to other networks and actors which are already working on climate change issues in Europe. FLUXPYR (www.fluxpyr.eu) is a research network for the determination and management of water, carbon and energy fluxes in agricultural and grassland ecosystems in the Pyrenees in a context of climate and land use changes. It involves more than 50 multidisciplinary researchers from Spain, France and Andorra and is based on three related components: research, transfer and training. It combines flux measurement and remote sensing techniques as well as modelling to study ecosystem patterns and processes on different scales and to disentangle the effects of weather, climate and land use changes on Pyrenean ecosystems and landscapes. It contributes to the development of innovative technologies and protocols, and to the elaboration of meteorological models and predictive maps of land cover, water content and carbon distribution and snow cover. It links science and policy by informing policy makers and stakeholders and helps with the establishment of guidelines for the sustainable management of grasslands and other agroecosystems and the development of suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies. FLUXPYR also raises awareness among citizens on the causes and consequences of global changes, and ways to cope with them. The success and future of FLUXPYR will depend on its capacity to generate high quality scientific products, to translate those products into useful tools for society and the management of the environment, and to connect itself to other networks and actors which are already working on climate change issues in Europe F LUXPYR (www.fluxpyr.eu) és una xarxa transfronterera per a la determinació i la gestió dels fluxos i les reserves d’aigua, carboni i energia en els ecosistemes agrícoles i pastorals dels Pirineus, en un context de canvi climàtic i de canvis en l’ús del sòl. Involucra més de 50 investigadors multidisciplinaris d’Espanya, França i Andorra, i es basa en tres components relacionats: la investigació, la transferència i la formació. Combina tècniques de mesura de fluxos, tècniques de teledetecció i la modelització per estudiar els patrons i els processos ecosistèmics a diferents escales i per separar els efectes del clima i dels canvis en l’ús del sòl en els ecosistemes i els paisatges pirinencs. Contribueix al desenvolupament de tecnologies i protocols innovadors i a l’elaboració de mapes predictius de cobertura del sòl, contingut d’aigua i distribució del carboni al sòl, cobertura de neu, etc. Relaciona ciència i política, informant polítics i altres parts involucrades, i ajuda al disseny de guies per a la gestió sostenible de les pastures i els agroecosistemes i per al desenvolupament d’estratègies d’adaptació i mitigació adequades. A més, sensibilitza la societat sobre les causes i les conseqüències dels canvis globals i les maneres d’afrontar-los. El seu èxit i la seva continuïtat dependran de la seva capacitat per generar productes científics d’alta qualitat, per convertir aquests productes en elements útils per a la societat i la gestió del medi ambient, i per connectar-se amb altres xarxes i actors que ja treballen el tema del canvi climàtic a Europa. FLUXPYR és un programa cofinançat per la Unió Europea - FEDER, la Gene- ralitat de Catalunya (Oficina Catalana del Canvi Climàtic del Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge, i Departa- ment d’Innovació, Universitats i Empre- sa) i el Conseil Régional Midi-Pyrénées. FLUXPYR rep suport addicional dels ministeris francesos, CNES, INSU, UPS, UTM, APEM, ETH, ARPE, IPE/CSIC, CEFE, Universitat de Hèlsinki, CTP, OPCC.