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This study aimed to confirm the multifactorial structure of the Beliefs Toward Cure of Homosexuality Scale (BTCHS) - (ECCH in Portuguese) and to verify evidence of its validity based on external variables. To this end, two studies were carried out. In Study 1, there were 214 university students, with an average age of 24 years (SD = 9.15). These students answered the HCBS and demographic questions. The results indicated a satisfactory fit for multifactorial modeling. Study 2, in turn, presented 430 university students with an average age of 23 years (SD = 7.90). In addition to the HCBS, the participants responded to the measures of sexual prejudice (MSP) and attitudes towards gays and lesbians (ATGL) questionnaires. Performing correlation analyses between the variables, we found significant correlations between the HCBS and the MSP and ATGL. In conclusion, the HCBS presented an adequate data-model fit for its multifactorial structure and evidence for its validity based on external variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to develop the General Conspiracy Belief Scale (ECGC), seeking evidence of its factorial validity and internal consistency. For this, two studies were carried out. In Study 1 (n=229) an analysis of the main components identified a five factor structure, each composed of three items: pharmaceutical manipulation (a=.74), global conspiracies (a=.80), manipulation by secret groups (a=.80), extraterrestrial contact cover ups (a=.92) and information control (a=.60). In Study 2 (n=229) the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the bifactor model best fitted the data (CFI=.96, TLI=.94, RMSEA=.06). The final version of the ECGC, composed of 15 items, presents adequate psychometric evidence to evaluate beliefs in conspiracy theories, which can be used in research in the Brazilian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article aimed to elaborate the Prosocial Personality Inventory (PSPI+), gathering evidence of its validity (factorial and criterion) and reliability. Six traits were hypothesized, grouped into three first-order factors: altruism (beneficence and egotism), forgiveness (remission and incrimination), and gratitude (recognition and inexpressiveness). Two studies were carried out (n = 1033). This factor structure was identified in Study 1 and confirmed in Study 2. Overall, all factors presented Cronbach's alpha of.70 or higher. Systematically, positive and negative aspects of prosocial traits were correlated with agreeableness and dark traits. Moreover, such bright traits were positively correlated with self-reported pro-social behavior. In conclusion, the PSPI+ is a short, theoretically and psychometrically sounds instrument for measuring prosocial personality (altruism, forgiveness, and gratitude), useful for studies focusing on correlates of bright personality (e.g., well-being, voluntarism). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop the Disposition to Nostalgia Scale (DNS) and to investigate evidence for its factorial validity, convergent validity and internal consistency. The aim was to assemble 20 items that were in the literature or were designed with the purpose of describing nostalgic experiences. Participants were 208 undergraduate students (Mage=22.8 years, SD=6.13, ranging from 18 to 60), the majority male (50.7%), single (86.5%), and from the middle social class (54.1%). They answered the initial items of the DNS and two other measures that assess the same construct: The Nostalgia Inventory (NI) and the Southampton Nostalgia Scale (SNS), in addition to demographic questions. Factorial analysis (PAF) was performed, identifying a general factor that accounted for 42.3% of the total variance, presenting adequate reliability (a=.84). Corroborating evidence for its convergent validity, the DNS scores correlated positively with the two other nostalgia measures (NI and SNS). In conclusion, the DNS presents adequate psychometric properties and can be used to assess the disposition to nostalgia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of video games have attracted the attention of many researchers in psychology, especially when one suggests aggressive behavior related to violent games. Games with prosocial content have attracted less attention, but research in the field reveals that pro-social games increase positive cognitions and that violent games increase the incidence of aggressive cognitions. The objective of the current study was to verify the effect of violent and prosocial games on the cognitions of the players within two days of experiments. To this end, 30 undergraduate students played one type of game each day for 20 minutes and responded to a word-free association task to categorize their cognitions into either positive or negative. The main findings showed that violent games increased the occurrence of negative cognitions, but the pro-social games did not increase the pro-social cognitions. Finally, these findings are discussed based on previous research on the effect of violent and pro-social video game play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gather evidence of construct and convergent validity and internal consistency of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). A total of 441 students, mostly female (54.6%), with a mean age of 16 years (SD = 1.14), answered the ERQ and demographic questions. They were randomly distributed in two databases, which were submitted to exploratory (sample 1) and confirmatory factor analysis (sample 2). The exploratory results indicated a three-factor structure: Cognitive Reappraisal, Redirection of Attentional Focus and Emotional Suppression, which together explained 59.3% of the total variance (α = 0,67; α = 0,63; α = 0,64). For the confirmatory analyses, the following goodness-of-fit indices were found: χ² (24) = 67.02, p <0.001; χ² / df = 2.79, GFI = 0.93; AGFI = 0.88; CFI = 0.88 and RMSEA = 0.08 (IC 90% = 0.064-0.100). Thus, it is concluded that the ERQ possesses satisfactory psychometric indices, being the promising instrument for evaluation of emotion regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to adapt the Intentions Toward Infidelity Scale (IIS) to the Brazilian context, knowing its psychometric parameters. Two studies were carried out with people who were in a romantic relationship. Study 1 included 161 participants (mean age = 24.9), who responded to the IIS and demographic questions. Results indicated the one-factor solution for this scale (α = 0.85), whose items showed reasonable discriminative power (theta ranging from -0.5 to 3.0). Study 2 included 236 participants (mean age = 25.5), who answered the same instruments. Results supported the one-factor structure (e.g., CFI = .95 and TLI =.93), which showed invariant across sex (ΔCFI and ΔRMSEA < 0.01). In conclusion, the findings supported the adequacy of the IIS items, but also indicated evidence of its factorial validity and internal consistency, favoring its use in studies looking to investigate the correlates of infidelity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to belong represents a motivation of the human being to establish intense and long-term relationships, and it is an important aspect for the maintenance of people's well-being and mental health. Considering the relevance of this construct, we sought to validate the Need to Belong Scale (NBS) for the Brazilian context in three studies (N = 642). The first and second studies aimed to present the factorial structure of this measure through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, which confirmed the expected single-factor solution (CFI = 0.96) with the elimination of three items from the original version. The third study sought to present evidence of convergent validity of the NBS, confirming the significant association of this construct with measures of a similar nature (e. g., emotional loneliness). In conclusion, this measure showed to be psychometrically adequate for use in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to adapt the Cheating Admission Self Report Scale (casrs ) to the Brazilian context and collect evidence on factorial validity and internal consistency. 441 students participated (m=16 years, 54.6% females), randomly divided in two groups. All responded to casrs and to demographic questions. The analysis of the main components demonstrated a bifactor structure, whose factors presented Cronbach's alphas (α) greater than .80 (g1). This structure was corroborated by means of confirmatory factor analysis (for example, cfi =.87 and rmse a =.08). The scale was shown to be psychometrically adequate and there was evidence of factorial validity and internal consistency; the scale can be used to measure plagiarism in the academic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for group identification reflects an individual tendency to identify with social groups or goals. This research seeks to adapt the Identification Need Scale (INS) to the Brazilian context, counting on two studies on its factorial validity evidence and internal consistency. Study 1 included 244 participants (mean age=21.9, 66.3% female), and the results suggested a two-factor structure: self- definition and belonging. Study 2 included 246 participants (mean age=21.3, 68.7% female), confirming this two-factor structure, with satisfactory adjustment indicators (e.g., CFI=0.96, TLI=0.94). In both studies the factors demonstrated adequate reliability indices. It was concluded that the Brazilian version of INS gathered adequate psychometric evidence, supporting its use in Brazil to evaluate the individual tendency to define itself as a member of a group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at adapting to the Brazilian context the Personal Norm of Reciprocity Questionnaire (PNRQ), gathering evidence of its factorial validity and internal consistency. 203 students participated, with average age of 20.6 years (SD = 4.54). Data were analyzed separately for beliefs and behaviors in reciprocity. The first part refers to the beliefs of reciprocity had nine items with Cronbach's alpha of 0.66 and saturations ranging from 0.33 to 0.65. The part referring to reciprocity behavior emerged two components, the first called negative reciprocity had nine items, with saturations ranging from 0.46 to 0.80 and Cronbach's alpha of 0.85 as the second component was called positive reciprocity and had seven items and saturations ranging from 0.46 to 0.76, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.74. We have concluded that these findings support the psychometric adequacy of this instrument, which shows evidence of validity and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is a key element for the human survival but unsustainable patterns of water consumption are still evident. Many factors influence water conservation but the existing literature investigating psychological determinants of water conservation have so far focused on cognitive or motivational factors. However, there is growing evidence for the important role of emotions as predictors of environmental engagement in general and water conservation in particular. The present article contributes to this recognition of the role of emotions by reporting two studies on the development and validation of a measure to access negative emotions regarding water wastage, the Rating Scale of Emotions towards Water Wastage (RSEWW). Results confirmed that this 12-item scale form a unidimensional measure that reliably predict participants' behavioral intention to participate in activities for the water conservation. Theoretical and practical implications from the findings are discussed in relation to the extant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Values are often used to examine cultural variability. Yet, little research has focused on the functions that values fulfill and the implications of these functions for understanding cultural variability. This paper describes a theoretical analysis of the functions of values based on 2 widely accepted pan-cultural functions: values guide actions and express needs. The theoretical model proposes that the first function differentiates values according to the goals pursued (personal, central, or social goals), whereas the second function differentiates values according to the needs expressed (survival or thriving needs). A combination of these 2 functions yields 6 basic values (structural hypothesis) with specific marker values (content hypothesis). Support for the hypotheses was obtained in a large convenience national sample (N = 5,176) of Brazilian university students with confirmatory factor analysis and multidimensional scaling. Central values were located between personal and social values, and survival and thriving values separated into 2 regions. Theoretical and cross-cultural implications of the findings, especially the universality of the general structure of motivational aims, are discussed, along with interpretations of existing value scales from a functional perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to gain knowledge regarding the way Brazilian Social Psychology researchers conceive their field, considering the science-practice dichotomy. Participants were 100 representatives of research groups of this discipline. They answered an online questionnaire with five parts: conceptions of social psychology, area representatives, reference journals, attitudes toward the discipline as basic and applied sciences and demographic questions. Social psychology was conceived as socio-historical-critical, polarizing between Silvia Lane and Aroldo Rodrigues. The journal Psicologia & Sociedade was considered the most appropriate for publications in this area, while internationally the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology was highlighted. Participants' attitudes characterized this discipline as applied rather than basic science. In conclusion, the abrapsian perspective is predominant in Brazil, diverging some researchers of the classic social psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at testing the dimensionality of the Need for Cognition Scale (NCS-18), controlling the effect of negative items. Participants were 215 undergraduate students from João Pessoa (PB) with mean age of 20 years (SD = 3.79). They answered the NCS-18 and demographic questions. Three models were tested: M1 (conventional one-factor model), M2 (two-factor, with positive and negative items loading in separate factors), and M3 (one-factor model, controlling for the effect of negative items). Results showed that M2 and M3 models had better fi t indexes compared to M1. Nevertheless, M3 also had better fi t indexes than M2. In conclusion, evidence that the NCS-18 is more adequately represented by one-factor model was observed, especially when the effect of negative items is controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop the Basic Values Survey, diagnosis version (BVS-D), gathering evidence of its construct validity (factorial and convergent validities and reliability). The functional theory of human values was taken into account, identifying its subfunctions and three values to represent each one. Participants were 210 school and university students in João Pessoa (PB), at a mean age of 18.3 years (SD = 2.94), mostly female (61.4%). They answered the BVS-D and demographic questions. In order to know factorial validity evidence of the instrument, confirmatory factor analyses were performed, and to assess the internal consistency, three indicators were used. Results supported the appropriateness of its version with 54 items, showing evidence of construct validity. In conclusion, this instrument showed appropriate psychometric parameters, which justifies its use in further studies and professional practice of psychologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has been shown to be relevant in measuring various psycho-logical constructs there are few studies considering it in Brazil. This paper aims to introduce a free program (FreeIAT) to perform IAT, illustrating it with a measure of attitudes toward polyamory. Participants were 50 undergraduate students with mean age of 22 years (62% women) who answered an explicit scale attitude toward polyamory and the Monogamy-Polyamory IAT. Results showed a negative correlation between implicit (latency of incongruent block) and explicit attitudes measures toward polyamory, indicating that the greater the acceptance of polyamory, the lesser time to asso-ciation between the stimuli (positive words and polyamory). There was no correlation between the D Score and the explicit attitudes toward polyamory, suggesting that people in favor of polyamory are not necessarily opposed to monogamy. In conclusion, the FreeIAT shows a streamlined inter-face, following the variations of the classic IAT and allowing collective application. Moreover, the fact of being a free program with open source it has the potential to encourage research on implicit measures in Lusophone cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Our theory distinguishes values according to their pursued goals and expressed needs. [•] New models can provide compelling alternative accounts of published data. [•] Our hypotheses were again supported with cross-cultural data using the Schwartz PVQ-21. [•] Our three-by-two framework provides a parsimonious explanation of the essential relations between values. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article aimed to adapt for the Brazilian context the Scale of Active Procrastination (SAP), gathering evidence of validity and reliability. Participants were 216 undergraduate students, with a mean age of 25.9 years (SD=8.40). They answered to the SAP and demographic questions. Results of confirmatory factor analyses, after testing alternative models, allowed to prove as more appropriate the structure with four factors: preference for pressure (α=0.72), ability to meet deadlines (α=0.72), satisfaction with the results (α=0.66), and intentional decision (α=0.61), which presented acceptable fit indexes (GFI=0.91 and RMSEA=0.06). Such factors showed evidence of convergent validity, but two of them did not differ sufficiently. In conclusion, these findings support the psychometric adequacy of this instrument, which shows evidence of validity and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The functional theory of values is tested in a sample of Brazilian physicians. [•] When guiding human actions, values may be social, central, or personal. [•] When expressing human needs, values may be materialistic or humanitarian. [•] These functional dimensions are combined and produce six subfunctions of values. [•] Structure and content hypotheses were supported by the findings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This research aimed at developing the Desirable Attributes of Ideal Partner Scale (DAIPS), presenting psychometric evidences. Two studies were performed. Study 1 involved 200 people of the general population from João Pessoa (PB). A PC analysis indicated a multifactorial structure for the DAIPS, with five components: athletic (a=0.80), affectionate (a=0.80), traditional (a=0.61), sociable (a=0.68), and successful (a=0.60). Study 2 involved 201 people, mainly women, with a mean age of 26 years. A confirmatory factor analysis suggested as acceptable the multifactorial structure of this scale (GFI=0.89, AGFI=0.85, and RMSEA=0.061). So, it was concluded that the DAIPS is a measure that has adequate psychometric characteristics and can be used in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aimed to adapt the Self-Control Scale (SCS) to the Brazilian context, jointing evidence for its factorial validity and reliability. A study was conducted in João Pessoa (Paraíba, Brazil), with 244 high school and primary school students from public and private schools. The sample was composed mainly by females, with ages ranging from 12 to 42 years, single and Catholics. Participants answered the SCS and demographic questions. A Principal Components Analysis was performed (varimax rotation), indicating the existence of six factors, accounting for 59.5% of the total variance. The internal consistency of the factors (Cronbach's alpha) presented values ranging from 0.62 to 0.82, considered acceptable. It was concluded this version can be adequately used for research in the context where it was adapted, showing evidence of construct validity. Nevertheless, new studies have been suggested, checking its factorial invariance and explicative power with respect to socially deviant behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to guarantee evidences of construct validity (factorial, convergent and discriminant) and reliability of the Religious Attitudes Scale, considering its expanded version (RAS-20). Participants were 190 people with a mean age of 32.2 years, mostly females, Catholic or Protestant. They answered the RAS-20, the Religious Belief Scale and demographic questions. Models with one, two and four factors were compared by confirmatory factor analyses, this latter presenting the best fit indices. The four factors solution (behavior, knowledge, feeling, and embodiment) showed acceptable reliability (homogeneity, internal consistency, and composite reliability), and evidences of convergent and discriminant validities. In conclusion, the RAS-20 can be appropriately used to know the correlates of religious attitudes, especially in the religious arrays Catholic, Protestant and Spiritist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We tested the effects of fast-slow life history strategies (HS) and ascribed human values' endorsement on an individual's desirability as a long-term partner. Three hypotheses were tested through a mix-model design: 2 (sex: women/men) × 2 (ascribed values: social/personal) × 2 (life history strategies: slow/fast). The results showed that individuals who endorse social values (vs. personal values) and display slow HS (vs. fast HS) were evaluated as more desirable long-term partners (Hypothesis 1). In addition, men endorsing personal values and displaying fast HS were less desirable than women (Hypothesis 2). In contrast, men ascribed with social values and slow HS were not evaluated as more desirable long-term partners than women targets; no sex differences were found, failing to support hypothesis 3. Our empirical findings are in accordance with the evolutionary assumptions of mate preferences. The current results contribute to the field of mate preferences by connecting social psychology to evolutionary hypotheses for understanding romantic relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honor is an important construct, mainly emphasized in collectivist cultures, such as Brazil. However, there is a lack of studies regarding honor in this cultural context. Therefore, the current research aims at proposing a short version of the Honor Scale ( HS-16) to the Brazilian context. Construct validity (i.e., factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity, as well as internal consistency and composite reliability) is reported in Studies 1 ( n = 220) and 2 ( n = 222), with participants from general population. In both studies, participants answered the Honor Scale and demographic questions. The authors find the HS-16 to be a reliable and valid scale, thereby enabling its use in quantitative studies regarding the correlates of honor concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to know to which extent human values and personality traits are correlated with desirable attributes of an ideal partner among heterosexuals. Participants were 205 people (100 women and 105 men) from the general population of João Pessoa-PB, Brazil. They answered the following instruments: Basic Values Survey, Big Five Inventory, Attributes of Ideal Partner Scale as well as socio-demographic questions. The values were correlated in a theoretically expected way with the attributes of an ideal partner, being more relevant than the personality traits. When they were compared, men and women differed in the importance given to these attributes. Finally, the hierarchical model of personality traits ? values ? attributes showed to be adequate. The findings were discussed based on the evolutionary perspective on mate choices and the functionalist theory of human values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research work has been to get to know the axiological orientation of Colombians, and gather empirical evidence regarding the suitability of the functionalist theory of values in Colombia, testing its content and structure hypothesis and the psychometric properties of its measurement (Basic Values Questionnaire BVQ). Te BVQ evaluates sexuality, success, social support, knowledge, emotion, power, affection, religiosity, health, pleasure, prestige, obedience, personal stability, belonging, beauty, tradition, survival, and maturity. Two hundred and thirty people participated (112 men and 118 women) whose average age was 28.7 years old, from 50 cities and towns of Colombia. They answered the BVQ and demographic questions. The results gave support to the content hypothesis (six valorative sub-functions: excitement, promotion, existence, suprapersonal, interactive and normative) and to structure (the values represented in two dimensions: orientation type and motivation type). Verifying previous research, it was found that Colombians presented a value orientation which was more social than personal, and more idealistic (humanist) than materialistic. The main values were success, maturity and affection. The least important were power, tradition, beauty and emotion. In conclusion, there is an initial evidence of the suitability about the functionalist theory of values in this culture, although it is advisable to conduct new studies, even thinking in an emic measurement of the values in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite theoretical associations, there is a lack of empirical studies on the axiological basis of sexual liberalism-conservatism. Two studies demonstrated important associations between these constructs for young adults. In Study 1, participants were 353 undergraduate students with a mean age of 20.13 ( SD = 1.84), who completed the Sexual Liberalism-Conservatism Scale and the Basic Values Survey. In Study 2, participants were 269 undergraduate students, with a mean age of 20.3 ( SD = 1.82), who completed a social desirability scale in addition to Study 1 instruments. Results showed how values can predict sexual liberalism-conservatism after controlling for social desirability. Attitudes towards one's own sexual behavior were more conservative whereas attitudes towards other's sexual behavior were more liberal. Gender was not a significant predictor of sexual attitudes whereas previous sexual experience showed a significant association to this construct. In general, results corroborated previous findings, showing that participants with a tendency to present socially desirable answers also tended to present themselves as sexually conservative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the development of the Religious Commitment Index (RCI) which aims at grouping different dimensions of religious commitment in one single index by conducting two studies. Three hundred seventeen students took part in Study 1 and 194 people in Study 2, with similar mean ages (Study 1: m = 16.6, SD = 5.20; Study 2: m = 16, SD = 4.41), mostly female (53.6% and 67.5%, respectively). All participants completed one scale of religious beliefs and one of religious practices, followed by religious related and socio-demographic questions. Both studies showed the different dimensions grouping in one single factor, accounting for 65% of the total variance and showing satisfactory internal consistency. The results suggest the adequacy of the RCI for the studied religious groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the adequacy of the functional theory of human values in the Brazilian state of Paraiba, focusing on the content and structure hypotheses derived from the theory. The first predicts the saturation of three value-items in each of the six theorized value subfunctions. The second predicts a duplex structure for the spatial representation of values based on two specific dimensions, type of orientation (personal, central and social) and type of motivator (materialist and idealist). Participants were 12,706 individuals from the general population with a mean age of 20 years, and in their majority female (58.5%), single (38.3%) and with a high school qualification (41.8%). Confirmatory factor analysis tested the content hypothesis, assuming that six value subfunctions would account for the variance among the 18 value-items (predicted model), compared to alternative factor structures with one, two, three or five factors. As expected, the proposed model had good fit to the data (AGFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.88, and RMSEA = 0.05) and was better fitting than alternative models. The structure hypothesis was tested by means of confirmatory multidimensional scaling (Proxscal), using the Tucker Phi (φ) as an indicator of model fit. This fit indicator was above the recommended cut-off (φ = 0.94), indicating that values can be represented in a 3 (type of orientation: personal, central, or social) x 2 (type of motivator: materialist or idealist) bi-dimensional space. Even with limitations, such as the use of a convenience sample instead of a probability sample, it can be concluded that the results support the adequacy of this theory in the studied Brazilian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article aimed to find psychometric evidences in the Internal and External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice Scale (Plant & Devine, 1998) taking into account two target-groups: gays and lesbians. Two studies were carried out. In Study 1 participants were 234 subjects from the general population of João Pessoa-PB, with mean age of 26 years old, most of them female (54.3%) and heterosexual (95%). They answered the gay version of the Internal and External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice Scale (IEM Scale). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the two-factor model (AGFI = .94, CFI = .98, and RMSEA = .05) is the most adequate. Cronbach's Alphas for the factors were .74 (internal motivation) and .76 (external motivation). In Study 2 participants were 202 subjects of general population from the same city, with mean age of 25 years old, most of them female (60.9%) and heterosexual (95%). They answered the lesbian version IEM Scale. Corroborating the previous study, a two-factor model was more adequate (AGFI = .90, CFI = .95, and RMSEA = .08). Cronbach's Alphas for the two factors were .71 (internal motivation) and .84 (external motivation). Complementary evidences of the construct validity were also presented. In conclusion, the results support the psychometric adequacy (factorial validity, convergent-discriminant validity, and reliability) of the IEM Scale suggesting it can be used in future studies about prejudice toward gays and lesbians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study had three main aims: (a) to know to what extend the human values are correlated with desirable attributes of an ideal partner; (b) to identify what attributes could be considered most important for an ideal partner; and (c) to assess if the importance assigned to such desirable attributes vary according to participants' gender. Four hundred twenty one people of general population from João Pessoa-PB took part in the study with mean age of 25.9 years old. Most of them were female (56.8%), single (70.5%), and with undergraduate degree (65.4%). They answered the Attributes of Ideal Partner Scale, the Basic Value Survey and demographic questions. Results indicated that a consistent set of value subfunctions were correlated with the desirable attributes of an ideal partner (e.g. the subfunctions excitement and normative were correlated with athletic and traditional dimensions, respectively). On the other hand, it was observed the role of participants' gender in differentiating the importance assigned to desirable attributes; the men appreciated more the athletic attribute, and the women did with respect to the sociable attribute. These findings were discussed based on previous research about the importance that men and women give to desirable attributes of ideal partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at knowing the psychometric parameters of the Antisocial and Delictive Behaviors Questionnaire (ADQ). Specifically, it tried to join evidences of its factor validity and reliability in the milieu of Paraíba- Brazil, as well as to know the adequacy of a briefed version of this measure. Two studies were accomplished. In Study 1, the participants were 480 students from high school, with a mean age of 16.2 years old (SD = 1.60), most of them were women (55.1%). In Study 2, 1,463 students of elementary school, high school, and university; with ages ranging from 10 to 36 years old (m = 16; SD = 4.41) participated in research, 59.9% were female. They answered the Antisocial and Delictive Behaviors Questionnaire and to demographic questions. Results supported the psychometric adequacy of this measure, which showed the theorized bi-factor structure. Moreover, the purpose of the ADQ briefed version revealed itself adequate, jointing evidences of factor validity and reliability similar to those of the original version. These findings were discussed based on literature and future researches are suggested as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a functional theory of human values and links the theory to important organizational variables. The theory identifies two consensual value functions: values as guides of human actions, and values as expressions of human needs. The first function differentiates three types of value orientations (social, central, and personal), while the second function classifies values as either humanitarian or materialistic. A combination of these two functions yields six sub-functions of values (excitement, promotion, existence, suprapersonal, interactive, and normative). Three empirical studies are described that examines the influence of these sub-functions of values on the organizational commitment of employees in a private organization (Study 1), job-related affective well-being of public servants (Study 2), and fatigue and burnout of nurses, psychologists and physicians (Study 3). Results support the influence of values on these variables, and are discussed in light of the functional theory of values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to validate the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), presenting evidence of its reliability and construct and criterion-related validity. A large Brazilian sample (2,180 participants), from five different populations (undergraduate and high school students, general population, elementary school teachers, and physicians), was considered. The results confirmed the single factorial structure and reliability (0.77 < Cronbach’s α < 0.88, mean α = 0.81) of the SWLS. Supporting its criterion-related validity, the SWLS correlated positively with positive affect and negatively with both negative affect and psychological distress across all five samples. The findings indicate that the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the SWLS is a valid instrument to use with diverse Brazilian samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of the violence between the youngs has called attention the most diverse theoretical perspectives how much to its explanation. The human values have been one construto that it comes contributing for the prediction of this phenomenon. Seven hundred and ten young, both the gender and ages between 15 and 22 years, had participated of the study, scale of the antisocial and criminal behaviors, questionnaire of the basic values and demographic questions answering. To invest in values that they aim at the individualism can foment a bigger frequency of the desviantes behaviors between the young, already values that to stimulate behavior into social collectivist norms can contribute with diminution of antisocial and criminal behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexist attitudes are an important construct to understand the interpersonal relation established on a daily basis. The lack of information regarding this subject has motivated the current research, which aimed to adapt the Ambivalence Inventory towards Men to the Brazilian context and, also, to verify gender differences in sexist attitudes towards men. The sample was formed by 205 university students, mostly females (51%), with a mean age of 20.8 years old (DP = 3.62). They answered the Ambivalence Inventory towards Men (AIM) and socio-demographic questions. The results confirmed the measure as being of a bi-factorial nature, represented by the hostile (Alpha = .80) and benevolent (Alpha = .69) factors. As was theoretically expected, there were significant differences found in the hostile and benevolent sexism depending on the participant's gender, a variable that proved important in the analysis of the results of both factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT. The authors examined the dimensionality and factorial structure of individualism and collectivism in Spanish participants (N = 526). A series of confirmatory factor analyses were performed on responses to the 32-item individualism-collectivism measure reported by T. M. Singelis, H. C. Triandis, D. S. Bhawuk, and M. Gelfand (1995). Consistent with earlier data, the best fitting model was multidimensional: a vertical versus a horizontal attribute crossed with individualism and collectivism dimensions. Whereas the overall fit of the data to a LISREL model was moderate, additional self-report data on respondents' interpersonal experiences supported the construct validity of the 4 factors. The authors suggest that the additional complexity is useful in explaining Spanish social behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examines the value correlates of social identities (identification with in-groups and geospatial units) in two collectivist cultures (Brazil, n = 471; Spain, n = 476). According to previous research, it was expected that subjects who score higher on social values would be more identified with the various traditional in-groups and with the local geospatial units and that social identities would be predicted by different values among Brazilians and Spaniards. Subjects were undergraduate students (228 males; 719 females), with age ranging from 16 to 55 years (M = 21.9; SD = 4.57), from three states in Brazil (Paraíba, Distrito Federal, and São Paulo) and Spain (Pontevedra, Madrid, and Barcelona). They were administered the Individualism-Collectivism Questionnaire, the Basic Value Survey,the In-group Identification Scale, the Geospatial Identification Scale, and a questionnaire with demographic questions (e.g., gender, age, religious affiliation). Results confirm that importance attributed to social values is correlated with traditional in-group and local geospatial identification, and that values predicting social identities are different across cultures, especially in the case of values related to geospatial identification. Specifically, among the set of social human values, belonging and tradition were most important to explain social identities. Subjects that assigned more importance to privacy were less identified with traditional ingroups, independently of their national culture. Geospatial identification was based on the values religiosity and belonging for Brazilians, and tradition, social order, honesty, and power for Spaniards. In general, these findings corroborate previous ones, suggesting the existence of a common set of values to explain social identity, based on principally normative values (social order and tradition). Moreover, they indicate the specificity and complexity of the geospatial identification in Spain, where the values of honesty and power contribute to explaining it. In this country, it is possible that the determinants of geospatial identification surpass the social orientation endorsed by people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honor is an important psychological construct that refers to one's worth in one's own eyes and in the eyes of others. A person's honor is dependent on implicit personal meaning, which leads the individual to behave in a way worthy of being valued and socially appreciated. In the present research, we aimed to provide psychometric evidence for the short version of the Honor Scale in the Romanian context. For that, one study was performed (N = 444). The four-dimensional structure of the measure was supported through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and showed good reliability estimates. The measure also presented full factorial invariance across participants' gender, showing that these groups answer to the measure in a similar way and can be further compared in research. Finally, results indicated significant associations between the Honor Scale factors with human values and age. In sum, our findings suggest that the short version of the Honor Scale is psychometrically adequate to use in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper sought to adapt the Sexual Machismo Scale to the Brazilian context, gathering evidence of its psychometric parameters. Non-probabilistic samples of 235 undergraduate students (Study 1) and 200 individuals (Study 2), with similar mean ages (M=21.6; SD=4.06; M=19.0, SD=5.20; respectively), equally distributed by the sex in Study 1 and mostly female in Study 2 (68.0%) were used. Participants completed the Sexual Machismo Scale, the Ambivalent Sexism Scale and demographic questions. The studies showed a single-factor solution, presenting suitable indices of internal consistency (a=0.81 and a=0.76) and confirming the convergent validity through correlations with the hostile and benevolent sexism factors of the Ambivalent Sexism Scale. Additionally, a confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the previous solution. It was concluded that this measure seems to be psychometrically suitable for use in the context mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines age and sex differences in human values, with GDP, GGI (Gender Gap Index), and individualism-collectivism as culture-level moderators, using representative data for age and sex across 20 countries with substantial cultural variability (N = 21,362). Cross-sectional findings revealed that all values dimensions varied in importance over the life span and that men and women are slightly different across most life stages. Specifically, older adults scored higher than young adults in values with social (interactive and normative) and central goals (suprapersonal and existence), whereas values with personal goals (excitement and promotion) showed the opposite pattern. In general, women were higher on social and central goals and men were higher on personal goals. Interactions between age and sex showed that men and women were identical in excitement values when young, and in interactive values when old, but there were significant differences between them in almost all other life stages. There was almost no moderation effect of culture, supporting the life span development psychology idea that values reflect a universal pattern of human agency in facing challenges over the life span. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study of work engagement is key for better understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead people to feel more motivated at work. The construct has gained prominence over recent decades, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) has emerged as the most popular tool to assess the construct. Though widely known and used, more psychometric evidence is needed for the UWES, especially its item parameters. Method: This study (N = 525) aimed to provide psychometric evidence for the UWES and its shortened versions in Brazil, using a range of robust statistical analyses (e.g., Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Item Response Theory). Results: Results reveal good model fit and high internal consistency for both unidimensional and three-dimensional UWES structures. UWES items also showed high discrimination, difficulty, and information levels. Finally, significant correlations between UWES and workaholism and job satisfaction provided evidence of the convergent validity of the UWES in Brazil. Conclusion: This study's findings broaden the understanding of work engagement and underscore the utility of the UWES as an efficacious tool for measuring work engagement in Brazil, paving the way for effective interventions and policies in diverse workplace environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-efficacy in the use of condoms is related to health, especially in the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. This research sought to adapt the Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale for the Brazil. For this, two studies were conducted through an online questionnaire. Study 1 had 332 participants from the general population; the majority of women (63.6%), with a mean age of 25.2 years (SD = 7.4). The exploratory factor analysis identified four factors: Ability, Assertiveness, Pleasure and Drugs and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, explaining 66.8% of the variance. Study 2 had 907 participants, with a mean age of 23.6 years (SD = 6.1). Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the structure found: GFI = 0.93; CFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.08 (IC 90% = 0.07-0.09). The results proved the adequacy of the measure, gathering evidence of validity. The importance of this measure in health research is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to know the valorative profile, as well the general mental health of men that use the primary health care services of a coastal city of Piauí. To do so, it was used a non-probabilistic sample of 153 participants, most of them single (70.9%), with ages ranging from 20 to 58 years old (M = 27, DP = 9.1), that use the Basic Health Unity (BHU) from this city. The participants filled the Basic Values Questionnaire (BVQ-18) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The results identified the values survival (M = 6.33), maturity (M = 6.33), religiosity (M = 5.98) and the existence subfunction (M = 6.04) as the most endorsed by the users. It was also found a negative relation (p < .05) between the general health and subfunctions existence (-.17) and normative (-.27). It was not found cases of incidence of minor mental disorders. It is expected that these findings may be used to elaborate strategies that led to a higher adherence of the men population to the health self-care and the development of specific campaigns to this population, considering their peculiarities and social context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two studies (N=457) examined the psychometric properties of the short version of the Need for Affect Questionnaire (NAQS) in the Brazilian context. In the first study, a principal components analysis indicated a two-factor structure, with five items each: approach (α= .70) and avoidance (α= .75). This structure was confirmed in the second study (GFI= .92; CFI= .90) and it was invariant across gender. To verify the correlates of NAQ-S, we used measures to evaluate the human values, loneliness and need to belong in both studies, besides the five personality factors in the second study. The results showed that higher need for affect was associated with higher extraversion, higher scores in excitement and interactive values and with lower loneliness scores. The studies support the validity of the NAQ-S in Brazil, showing its usefulness for research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to develop the Resistance to Change Scale (RAM), to cover the existing theoretical basis on this subject, gathering evidences of its factorial validity and internal consistency in the Brazilian context, and to analyze the adequacy of the reduced version of the measurement. Two studies were conducted. 338 employees participated in the first study, mostly from private companies (83%). They answered RCS and demographic profile questions. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the predominance of one factor, explaining 25.56% of the total variance, and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, a) of 0.94. In the second study, there were 472 employees, the majority from private companies (55%). They answered RCS-20 and demographic questions. The results confirmed the psychometric adequacy of the instrument, and it can be used as a unidimensional measure to assess the resistance to change in organizational environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to know to what extent human values are correlated with flagrant and subtle homophobia. The participants were 174 undergraduate students, with ages ranging from 17 to 56 years of age (M = 22.3, SD = 4.60), most of them female (57.6%). They answered the Explicit and Implicit Homophobia Scale, the Basic Values Survey and demographic questions. Multiple regressions were performed, indicating the predictive power of normative and promotion values for explaining subtle and general homophobia, whereas only normative values explained the flagrant homophobia. These constructs were responsible for accounting for approximately 10% of the variance in homophobic attitudes. In conclusion, values can be good predictors of homophobia, especially materialist values, enhancing the adequacy of the functional theory of values to explain socially deviant attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to adapt the Motivation to Cheat Scale (MCS) to the Brazilian student context, gathering evidence of validity based on its internal structure. Two studies were carried out. In Study 1, the 20 items of the MCS were translated into Portuguese and evaluated semantically by ten students, who consider them sufficiently understandable. Subsequently, seeking to know the internal structure of the measure, there was the participation of 212 high school students (M = 16.10 years; SD = 1.02). An exploratory factor analysis indicated the existence of two factors (search for success and moral initiation), which were saturated 18 items. O Study 2 aimed to verify this factorial structure. Logo, the 18 items answered by 229 high school students (M = 16.20 years; SD = 1.23). A confirmatory factorial analysis confirmed bifactorial adjustment. MCS has evidence of validity based on internal structure, which can be used in research outside of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the extent nomophobia explains smartphone addiction, controlling for age and gender effects. Participants were 316 people from the 22 Brazilian states (Mage = 28.1 years), most from Paraíba (38.9%) and Piauí (16.5%), equally distributed between genders. They answered the Nomophobia Questionnaire, the Smartphone Addition Scale and demographic questions. The results demonstrate that the factors of the nomophobia measure explained smartphone addiction, indicating that more nomophobic behavior equates to increased smartphone addiction, especially in the younger participants, there was no difference regarding gender. These findings are discussed according to the literature on adherence to new technologies, revealing the current problem of smartphone addiction in young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]