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The foundations of Labor's policy on schools were laid almost exactly half a century ago when the Whitlam government and its 'Karmel' report (Interim Committee 1973) set up 'the system' [...]

Existing literature has studied the impact of government funding on donations to nonprofits, proposing and testing different theoretical models, including crowd-out, crowd-in, and inverted U-shaped models. However, there is no consensus regarding whether or under what conditions government funding crowds out or crowds in donations to nonprofits, and little is known regarding whether and how government funding influences time donations. Existing evidence focuses on Western contexts and may not be applicable to non-Western contexts. This study used a random sample of Chinese social service organizations and proposed a more nuanced and complex conditional crowd-out/in model of government funding on donations to nonprofits, extending the testing to both financial and time donations in China. The results from extended regression models with instrumental variables indicate that government funding levels crowd out money donations, while dependence on government funding has an inverted U-shaped effect on money donations. Both the level of and dependence on government funding have curvilinear crowding-out effects on time donations. More importantly, the level of and dependence on government funding have significant interactive effects on both money and time donations. These novel findings make significant theoretical contributions to the literature and have important practical implications for policymakers and nonprofit managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent Senate Select Committee has tabled its report into the provision of and access to dental care in Australia. The Senate Committee heard: There are significant barriers for many people accessing dental care, including high costs, trauma and fear, long waiting times and inaccessible services.There are service gaps, including a lack of special needs dentists, limited mobile services, very few Aboriginal dentists and sparse services in regional areas.There are significant impacts of poor oral health, including pain and suffering, shame and low self‐esteem, poor nutrition and poorer general health.There are benefits to good oral health, including the ability to smile, eat and talk, improved confidence, increased productivity and being more employable. There were 35 recommendations for reform centred around the need to put the mouth back in the body and covered by five broad themes: More equitable access.Better integration.National data and coordination.Awareness and education.Culturally safe and accessible care. This paper provides an overview of the problem and focuses on the recommended funding reforms necessary to improve access to dental care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than a century, the Supreme Court has applied the unconstitutional conditions doctrine in many contexts, scrutinizing government efforts to condition the tradeoff of rights for benefits with regard to speech, funding, and takings, among others. The Court has declined, however, to invoke the doctrine in the area of criminal procedure, where people accused of crime are often asked to--and often do--surrender their constitutional rights under the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments in return for some benefit. Despite its insistence that the unconstitutional conditions doctrine applies broadly across the Bill of Rights, the Court's jurisprudence demonstrates that the doctrine functions as a selective shield that offers no support for certain rightsholders. We argue that the Court's approach undermines vital rights, with especially harmful consequences for people who most need judicial protection. Since individuals accused of crime are often extremely vulnerable to coercive government measures, the important safeguards offered by the unconstitutional conditions doctrine should be at their height in the criminal procedure setting. Indeed, lower federal courts and some state courts have applied the doctrine to criminal procedure issues, demonstrating the doctrine's utility in this domain. We conclude that the Supreme Court's aversion to leveraging the unconstitutional conditions doctrine in its criminal procedure docket rests not on a principled doctrinal distinction, but on a failure to take seriously the constitutional predicaments facing those charged with crimes. In accordance with its obligation to render equal justice under law, the Court must apply the unconstitutional conditions doctrine in this most critical area., ARTICLE CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1405 I. CURRENT SCHOLARSHIP ON THE UNCONSTITUTIONAL CONDITIONS DOCTRINE 1412 II. THE UNCONSTITUTIONAL CONDITIONS LANDSCAPE IN SUPREME COURT JURISPRUDENCE 1415 A. First Amendment Unconstitutional Conditions 1417 Jurisprudence: [...]

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) may be reluctant to debt financing because it is associated with an increase in their financial vulnerability. However, based on arguments from signaling and agency theory, debt in NPOs can be viewed favorably from the perspective of government funders. First, the existence of a creditor can be interpreted as a prior guarantee of the NPO's financial health, which would lead to an increase in the government funds received. Moreover, by becoming supervisors of the NPO they finance, creditors encourage an increase in organizational efficiency. This increased efficiency also ultimately influences the increase in government funding. This study seeks to examine the influence of NPO indebtedness on the raising of government funds, proposing that efficiency has a mediating effect on this relationship. For a sample of 6,850 NPOs in England and Wales over the years 2015-2020, our results evidence a partial mediating effect of efficiency on the relationship between NPO debt and government funding. In addition, we find a curvilinear effect of debt on government funding, such that as indebtedness grows, government contributions also increase until the point at which indebtedness is excessive and the effect reverses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I. INTRODUCTION The teaching of sex education in the public-school system is a controversial topic. As a result, state statutes regulating sex education, as well as methodologies used in sex [...]

This paper examines the Indonesian government's policy response under the PEN (National Economic Recovery) programme aimed at assisting MSMEs during the COVID-19 crisis. The findings show that the scheme significantly benefited the enterprises. Credit restructuring and interest subsidy programmes offered critical assistance to the beneficiaries and improved their access to credit options. Moreover, the Productive Government Assistance for Micro Businesses (BPUM) initiative enabled the beneficiary enterprises to address emergency working capital needs required during the pandemic. However, this study also identifies several hurdles that reduced the effectiveness of the PEN programme. These challenges could have been overcome by striking a balance between banked and unbanked MSMEs, maintaining reliable databases for targeted recipients, and strengthening coordination between the various agencies involved. Keywords: Indonesia, MSMEs, COVID-19, PEN programme, 1. Introduction The damaging impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Indonesian economy was first observed in 2020. After growing positively in the first quarter of 2020 by 3 per [...]

This study advances understanding of the relationship between government support and private donations, by further investigating the mechanisms underlying that relationship and by examining a nonmonetary form of government support, namely, shared services. We use a survey experimental design to highlight U.S. donors' perceptions of government-supported nonprofits. The results suggest that donors are less willing to give to government-funded nonprofits. This is not only because donors see government funding as a substitute for their donations but also because donors perceive government-funded nonprofits as cost-inefficient. The results also suggest that donors' relative reluctance to donate to government-funded nonprofits is not because donors perceive government-funded nonprofits as less impactful and that donors' decisions about giving do not vary according to the forms of government support nonprofits receive. Overall, our findings stress the importance of governments simplifying administrative procedures for nonprofits to apply for and manage government funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionOverweight and obesity are a global health epidemic and many attempts have been made to address the rising prevalence. In March 2021 the UK government announced £100 million of additional funding for weight management provisions. Of this, £30.5 million was split across local authorities in England to support the expansion of tier two behavioural weight management services for adults. The present work aimed to explore how this funding was used within the Yorkshire and Humber region to consolidate learning, collate best practice, and provide recommendations for future funding use.MethodOne-hour semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 weight management service commissioners representing 9 of the 15 local authorities in the region. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using an established health inequality framework. From this, recommendations were co-developed with the commissioner group to establish best practice for future funding use.ResultsCommissioners recognised that targeted weight management services were only one small piece of the puzzle for effectively managing obesity. Therefore, recommendations include targeting underserved communities, focussing on early prevention, addressing weight management in a whole systems context, and embracing innovative and holistic approaches to weight management.DiscussionCurrent short-term funding and restrictive commissioning processes of tier two services prevents sustainable and innovative weight management practice which is detrimental to patients, falls short of addressing health inequalities and negatively impacts staff health and wellbeing.