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This paper investigates the role of social preferences and uncertainty for air travel demand, by linking experimentally validated measures of social preferences and uncertainty index to passenger data for 36 European countries from 2019 to 2022. The empirical analysis separates the effects of government restrictions from that of social preferences, while considering the impact of uncertainty surrounding the pandemic event. The results highlight the importance of accounting for the individuals' social preferences when implementing aviation-related policy measures. The findings also reveal that uncertainty can trigger unexpected behaviour from the passengers, resulting in the ineffectiveness of public policies during times of crisis. • The importance of social preferences and uncertainty for passenger demand is evaluated. • Focus on international flights within Europe from 2019 to 2022. • A unique dataset merging passenger data with experimentally validated measures is used. • The effectiveness of air travel-related policies depends on the social traits of the populations. • Uncertainty triggers unexpected effects on air travel demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the implementation of China's carbon reduction policies, the role of thermal power units will transition to a regulating power source. Hence, the electricity market fails to accurately reflect the capacity value of thermal power units, resulting in potential future losses for these units. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a rational capacity compensation mechanism that guarantees the revenue of thermal power units and offers effective investment and construction signals. Therefore, this paper proposes a capacity compensation mechanism for thermal power units based on effective capacity. To achieve this, a two‐layer power source planning model is established. At the upper level of the model, the installed capacity and capacity price of various types of power sources are optimized, while minimizing the operating costs of the planning horizon year under constraints such as annual net profit of units. The lower level focuses on the operation of typical days, optimizing the output of various types of units. Through case analysis, it can be concluded that the proposed model can achieve coordinated planning of capacity and capacity prices for various types of units, effectively ensuring the economic efficiency of the system while safeguarding the revenue of each unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the dynamics of competition and the prospects of the electric car industry in Indonesia using a qualitative method with a literature review approach. The study analyzes the development trends of the electric car industry, identifies the key players in the Indonesia market, and explores the challenges and opportunities facing the industry. The results of the study show that although the electric car industry in Indonesia is still in its infancy, there is significant growth potential driven by government support, increased environmental awareness, and technological developments. However, challenges such as limited charging infrastructure, relatively high prices, and consumer perception still need to be addressed. The competition map shows a combination of local and international players, with diverse strategies in dealing with the market. The industry's future prospects are predicted to be positive, but it depends on collaboration between the government, industry, and society in overcoming various challenges in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the gap between policy and implementation in the United States, particularly in relation to technology. It argues that the failure of technology in various systems, such as unemployment systems during the pandemic, is a result of a dysfunctional system that prioritizes policy over implementation. The author suggests that policy schools, specifically academia, contribute to this gap and proposes incorporating technology and digital literacy into policy school curricula. The article emphasizes the intertwined nature of policy and technology and the need for policymakers to understand this relationship. It also highlights the importance of sense-making and navigating complex environments in policymaking. The article discusses the need for policy schools to adapt their teaching methods to prepare students for the complex and rapidly changing world. The author suggests incorporating design research into the curriculum to develop sense-making skills and problem-solving abilities. They also propose introducing short courses on technology to help students become familiar with relevant topics without overwhelming them with additional coursework. The author emphasizes the importance of equipping future policymakers with the tools and experiences necessary to navigate ambiguity and complexity. [Extracted from the article]

The solution to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions is electric cars. Despite the fact that this technology has been around since the late 19th century, the adoption of electric cars in Indonesia only began to grow rapidly in the early 2010s. Since Presidential Regulation No. 55 of 2018, the government of Indonesia has committed to supporting the advancement of EVs by implementing various policies and building infrastructure to support this advancement. This study investigates the development of electric vehicles in Indonesia from the beginning. The focus of the research is on its history, its key players, the benefits and drawbacks of the technology, and how consumers and government policies are responding to these advances. One potential solution to reduce carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels is electric cars, which have attracted attention around the world, including Indonesia.Despite the fact that electric vehicle technology has been around since the late 19th century, its adoption and development in Indonesia has only increased significantly in the last ten years. To identify the milestones of electric vehicles in Indonesia, the contributions of key players such as Wuling and Hyundai, as well as the challenges and opportunities in the market, the study uses a qualitative approach and involves literature studies, consumer surveys, and interviews with industry players. The study found that issues such as reliance on imported components and limited charging infrastructure still need to be addressed, despite great progress. The future of Indonesia's electric vehicle industry depends heavily on the ability of the government and industry to address these issues, as well as collaboration between various parties to improve local production and technology. The study offers a new perspective on the adoption of electric vehicle technology in emerging markets, particularly Indonesia, and suggests strategic measures to support the growth of this industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Travel agencies play a pivotal role in supporting tourists and fostering employment. This study examined the policies and strategies of travel agency managers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and their attitudes towards government policies as external business facilitators. Data were collected from 191 travel agency managers and analysed using SPSS software. The results indicate that, instead of implementing innovative approaches, managers primarily resorted to straightforward solutions such as downsizing employees, closing businesses, and cutting wages. Furthermore, the findings concerning government support, policies, and performance, as assessed by travel agency managers, demonstrate government inadequacies in financial, socio-cultural, and IT domains. Our findings have implications for tourism managers, decision-makers, and governments concerned with the future prosperity of tourism businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work applies a bootstrap multivariate panel Granger causality test to examine the causal relationship between the coronavirus disease 2019, Delta and Omicron pandemic eras and the maritime shipping freight industry across 15 Chinese marine transportation freight stocks through the data from Jannuary 23, 2020 to December 6, 2022. After accounting for both dependency and heterogeneity across these industries, we find support for six of the 15 maritime shipping freight enterprises which display a unidirectional Granger relationship between stock returns and pandemic-related shocks and five of them which demonstrate a bidirectional association. On the other hand, the stock values of three firms in this cohort Granger "lead" the epidemic, suggesting that the adjustment of expectations to external shocks and the efficient market hypothesis could elucidate apparent causal connections. The empirical findings of this work provide important policy implications for the maritime shipping freight industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the obstacles to electric vehicle (EV) adoption in Indonesia, focusing on technological, environmental, economic, and regulatory factors. Despite government initiatives, such as the Presidential Regulation 55 of 2019, intended to encourage the adoption of EVs and mitigate air pollution, the EV market share in Indonesia remains low, at 1.47%. The main challenges include inadequate charging infrastructure, limited public revenue, and financial constraints. This research highlights the need for improved government policies, incentives for producers, and increased public awareness to encourage EV adoption. Factors influencing consumer decisions include operational costs, environmental concerns, and the availability of charging stations. Key findings suggest that electric motorcycle users have a lower understanding of technology than electric car users, with particular attention to initial costs, maintenance costs, and the accessibility of charging infrastructure. This study recommends that manufacturers and policymakers consider the different preferences of electric car and motorcycle users in their EV adoption promotion strategies. The study seeks to elucidate the determinants affecting EV adoption in Indonesia and propose potential solutions to accelerate the transition to electric mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract With the implementation of China's carbon reduction policies, the role of thermal power units will transition to a regulating power source. Hence, the electricity market fails to accurately reflect the capacity value of thermal power units, resulting in potential future losses for these units. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a rational capacity compensation mechanism that guarantees the revenue of thermal power units and offers effective investment and construction signals. Therefore, this paper proposes a capacity compensation mechanism for thermal power units based on effective capacity. To achieve this, a two‐layer power source planning model is established. At the upper level of the model, the installed capacity and capacity price of various types of power sources are optimized, while minimizing the operating costs of the planning horizon year under constraints such as annual net profit of units. The lower level focuses on the operation of typical days, optimizing the output of various types of units. Through case analysis, it can be concluded that the proposed model can achieve coordinated planning of capacity and capacity prices for various types of units, effectively ensuring the economic efficiency of the system while safeguarding the revenue of each unit.

Objectives. This study aimed to examine research trends around nature-based tourism, event-based sports tourism, and their relationship with government policies to identify potential opportunities for sustainable sports tourism development in Papua. Materials and methods. The methodological approach comprised using a bibliometric analysis by reviewing 997 scientific articles sourced from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from 2014-2024. Harzing’s publish or Perish software was used to sort the articles, and VOSViewer software was used to analyze the articles. The review included the number of cluster groups, research themes related to sports tourism in the year groups, research trends around nature-based sports tourism, and gaps in sports tourism development. Results. There were eight cluster groups and five groups. The current research trends in the field of sports tourism comprise event-based sports tourism, nature tourism, the tourism industry, and social media. The research trends related to nature-based sports tourism include six keywords, namely nature-based tourism, nature connectedness, nature sport, nature-based events, nature-based recreation, and nature. Visitors, managers, communities, and governments benefit from the health and economic advantages of nature-based sports tourism. In developing nature-based sports tourism, it is essential to consider the sustainability of nature, cultural characteristics, and the form of activities offered. Local governments need to take part in efforts to develop and preserve nature-based sports tourism. Conclusions. The development of nature-based sports tourism with traditional sports activities has a great opportunity to be enhanced. This innovation certainly needs careful planning from determining goals, human resources, risk factors, and presenting an effective promotional strategies. The involvement of local government can facilitate the implementation of this planning.

In today's dynamic business environment, where organizations strive to remain competitive and adaptable, understanding the intricate interplay between organizational culture and government policies has become increasingly imperative for effectively managing human resources and devising strategic initiatives. This paper employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate the complex interaction between organizational culture and government policies, focusing on their direct influences on strategic human resource practices. In today's business environment, where organizations strive to remain competitive and adaptable, understanding this complex interplay has become increasingly imperative for effectively managing human resources and devising strategic initiatives. Through SEM analysis, we aim to highlight how organizational culture, government policies, and strategic HRM practices shape and mutually influence each other, shedding light on the dynamics of this relationship and offering an understanding of both theory and practice.

Abstract With the continuous growth of low-carbon economy and people’s increasing preference for low-carbon products, the building carbon emission reduction (CER) has been highly concerned by the government. Therefore, in this study, we establish a game model through differential game to analyze the impact of government policies on building’s CER. We get: (1) Compared with the carbon tax policy, the government policy combining carbon tax and cost subsidy is more conducive to reducing carbon emissions; (2) For the three government policies, when the cost subsidy rate is lower than a fixed value, the government policy combining carbon tax and cost subsidy is the optimal strategy for building’s CER. When the cost subsidy rate is greater than a fixed value, the cost subsidy policy is the best strategy for building’s CER.

Abstract Numerous policies have been implemented to advance the growth of renewable energy. Nonetheless, certain policies have not yielded the anticipated impact on the progression of renewable energy development. In order to maximize the promotion effect of renewable energy policies, this study proposes a capacity allocation optimization method of wind power generation, solar power and energy storage in power grid planning under different policy objectives. First, based on the policy quantification, grey relation analysis (GRA) is used to calculate the correlation degree of the policy indicators on the planning capacity of renewable energy. Further, a multi‐objective capacity estimation model for wind, solar and energy storage is comprehensively presented. Some highly correlated policy indicators are transformed into the special constraints. And the economy and the stability of the power grid are integrated as the objective function. Meanwhile, the carbon trading and punishment for wind power and solar power abandonment are considered. Finally, the proposed model is solved by NSGA‐II‐PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm. The novelty of the algorithm is that the crossover operation of NSGA‐II is replaced by the position updating of particle swarm. The calculation result of the case study can effectively evaluate the optimal planning capacity of renewable energy under different policies, while ensuring the economic and the stability of the power system. The study can provide the reasonable basis and the valid analytical method for the policy formulation and the renewable energy development.

To achieve China's “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality'' goals, the benign development of green residential buildings plays an indispensable role. The result of green residential buildings in China has accumulated a wealth of experience. However, the lack of comprehensive government policies leads to limited practical applications of green and low-carbon technologies, insufficient developing motivation of real estate enterprises, and low consumer perceived value. There are obstacles to the high-quality development of green buildings, such as attaching importance to building construction while neglecting building operation, inferior overall quality of existing green buildings, and an unreasonable application of green technologies. Based on the research on government policies, government working documents and academic literature, the developing status and bottlenecks of green residential buildings in China under the guidance of different kinds of government policies is summarized. On this basis, the main tasks and requirements to realize high-quality green residential buildings with low-carbon emissions are discussed from the perspectives of government agencies, real estate enterprises, consumers and professionals, respectively, hence to carry out optimization and improvement suggestions for the green building related policies.

This qualitative study examines the impact of central government policies on community resilience for disaster preparedness, explicitly focusing on the constraints faced by local governments. This study explores the challenges hindering optimal performance at the local level through 18 informants using focus group discussions with key stakeholders, including sub-district heads and village leaders. The findings reveal that central government policies pose significant hurdles to local governance in disaster-prone areas. These policies restrict local governments' decision-making authority and autonomy, impeding their ability to respond effectively to disaster risks and emergencies. Notably, the study highlights the presence of a community-led disaster management organization already in place, comprising members from within the community. The policy constraints identified include limited resource allocation, bureaucratic procedures, and a need for more flexibility in decision making. Stakeholders express concerns regarding rigid central government frameworks that do not recognize or account for the unique needs of individual communities. The study emphasizes the importance of policy reforms to empower and support local governments and their existing disaster management organizations. This research contributes to understanding community resilience by highlighting the vital role of local governance and community-led organizations in disaster preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the role of farmer producer companies (FPC) with reference to Suntali Maize Producer Co. in Rajamayang, Morigaon district in Assam, India. The study analyzes the functioning, challenges and prospects of the FPC and explores factors influencing crop selection and cropping patterns, as well as government policies and collaborative support for FPC growth. It observes the contribution of FPC to the security of farmers, market access and sustainable agricultural practices.

In the global pursuit of balancing economic growth with environmental and social sustainability within the tourism sector, sustainable tourism has garnered paramount attention. This research delves into the complex interplay among government policies, tourism supply chain behavior, and sustainability dimensions within the context of Zimbabwean tourism. A quantitative approach was employed, collecting data from 721 Zimbabwean tourism supply chain representatives using stratified random sampling and the Krejcie and Morgan table a method of determining the sample size. Questionnaires were distributed via Google Forms, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized for data analysis. The results provide strong empirical evidence that government policies have a significant positive effect on sustainability dimensions related to the tourism industry. The data indicates robust positive relationships between government policies and economic, environmental, and social sustainability. Furthermore, tourism supply chain behavior is shown to be a meaningful mediator between government policies and multiple sustainability outcomes. This emphasizes the significance of collaborative efforts, responsible practices, and harmonized actions within the tourism supply chain in achieving sustainable tourism. The study illuminates avenues for improving tourism sustainability, enhances policy makers and readers understanding on how policy‐driven efforts and tourism supply chain dynamics jointly impact tourism sustainability, there by emphasizing the need for coordinated actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous growth of low-carbon economy and people's increasing preference for low-carbon products, the building carbon emission reduction (CER) has been highly concerned by the government. Therefore, in this study, we establish a game model through differential game to analyze the impact of government policies on building's CER. We get: (1) Compared with the carbon tax policy, the government policy combining carbon tax and cost subsidy is more conducive to reducing carbon emissions; (2) For the three government policies, when the cost subsidy rate is lower than a fixed value, the government policy combining carbon tax and cost subsidy is the optimal strategy for building's CER. When the cost subsidy rate is greater than a fixed value, the cost subsidy policy is the best strategy for building's CER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real estate market, also known as the property market, can be described as a set of submarkets where trading of property rights ranging from the purchase, development, ownership, management, rental, to sale of real estate and related properties investment for profit exist. Nigerian real estate sector has been greatly influenced by laws, policies as well as institutions in which it is meant to thrive overtime. Furthermore, these laws and policies have critical impacts on the future sector of real estate, recipient of public investment. Currently, a growing number of real estate investments are hampered by some of these government policies characterized by cumbersome regulations, ownership restrictions, and unpredictable changes in legislation. The study analysed the various government policies in real estate with a view to determining the impacts on property market. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from respondents in public and private organisations. The obtained information was examined using Weighted Mean Score, Logistic Regression and Factor Analysis. Factor Analsyis is used in data reduction to identify a large number of factors that explain most of the variance observed. The findings of this research shows that some of principal factors influencing performance of government policies on both the public and private perspective were: insufficient infrastructural amenities, shortage of skilled manpower, bureaucracies in land, ineffective project inspection and ineffective government programme and policies, poor distribution and allocation and ineffective project inspection. Therefore, this study recommends need for establishment of policy/guidelines and supervision of its use for environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous policies have been implemented to advance the growth of renewable energy. Nonetheless, certain policies have not yielded the anticipated impact on the progression of renewable energy development. In order to maximize the promotion effect of renewable energy policies, this study proposes a capacity allocation optimization method of wind power generation, solar power and energy storage in power grid planning under different policy objectives. First, based on the policy quantification, grey relation analysis (GRA) is used to calculate the correlation degree of the policy indicators on the planning capacity of renewable energy. Further, a multi‐objective capacity estimation model for wind, solar and energy storage is comprehensively presented. Some highly correlated policy indicators are transformed into the special constraints. And the economy and the stability of the power grid are integrated as the objective function. Meanwhile, the carbon trading and punishment for wind power and solar power abandonment are considered. Finally, the proposed model is solved by NSGA‐II‐PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm. The novelty of the algorithm is that the crossover operation of NSGA‐II is replaced by the position updating of particle swarm. The calculation result of the case study can effectively evaluate the optimal planning capacity of renewable energy under different policies, while ensuring the economic and the stability of the power system. The study can provide the reasonable basis and the valid analytical method for the policy formulation and the renewable energy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Forty micro and small steel products manufacturing enterprises in Salem District of Tamil Nadu, South India faced problems in value addition of the steel products like windows, grill gates, truss work and panel boards manufactured by them. They formed M/s Salem Steel Cluster Pvt Ltd; Salem, a special purpose vehicle, in 2012 by getting funds from the Government of Tamil Nadu and the Government of India through the Tamil Nadu Small Industries Development Corporation under Micro Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme of Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government of India. The objective is to find the physical and financial performance of the Steel Product Fabrication Cluster (SPFC) before and after Cluster Development Approach (CDA) to find the productivity of the cluster by taking independent variables like number of units, employment and production and dependent variable like turnover, and to find the performance of SPFC before and after CDA. To find business analytics models like Diagnostic Analytics, Descriptive Analytics, Inferential Analytics, Predictive Analytics, Prescriptive Analytics and Decision Analytics. The methodology adopted is by collecting primary data like number of units, employment in numbers, production in crores and turnover in crores before and after CDA and analysing using Compound Annual Growth Rate, Descriptive Analysis, Correlation Analysis, Trend Analysis, Regression Analysis, Structural Equation Modelling and T-Test. There is a Difference in Difference between controlled units which have not adopted CDA and experimental units which have adopted CDA, where there is an increase in number of units, employment, profit and turnover. To conclude, there is an increase in number of units, employment, production and turnover after CDA when compared to before CDA, which leads to an increase in productivity thereby Sustainable Development Goals of 1, 4, 5, 8 and 9 are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the mediating effects within the relationship between organizational culture, government policies, and the quality of public services. Through structural equation modeling, the complex relationships and interdependencies among these critical variables are explored. The SEM results highlight the significant impact of organizational culture and government policies on the quality of public services, as well as the mediating role of strategic human resource management practices within this relationship. By understanding and quantifying these mediating effects, the study makes significant contributions to understanding how organizational dynamics and government policies influence the quality of public services. These findings have important practical implications for organizational management and policy formulation aimed at improving public services and the efficiency of the public sector.

Approximately one billion women globally have undergone menopause, occurring at an age of around 51 years and typically between ages 45 and 54. As life expectancy increases, women are projected to spend at least one-third of their lives in postmenopause, emphasising the growing importance of menopause as a critical public health issue. In this context, this paper aims to offer updated insights into the increasing societal and political interest in menopause. It underscores the impact of support mechanisms encompassing familial, workplace, medical, technological, and government support on women’s attitudes and experiences around menopause. Furthermore, the study aims to identify key gaps in research, practice, or legislation concerning support systems for menopausal women and provide recommendations for enhancing familial, workplace, medical, technological, and government support.

The performance of a stock market is intrinsically linked to the broader financial and economic landscape of a country. Stock prices, as integral indicators, not only mirror the financial health and collective economic circumstances of a nation but also serve as crucial barometers of tangible financial activities. This research paper aims to undertake a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between specific macroeconomic determinants and the stock market within the context of India. Moreover, this study conducts an exhaustive analysis to assess the relative significance of these variables and their contributions to the predictive capacity of stock prices. This investigation harnesses a dataset consisting of monthly observations of the chosen macroeconomic variables. The outcomes of the cointegration analysis illuminate a robust and statistically significant long-term association between Indian stock prices and the selected macroeconomic factors. The results of the cointegration test affirm a lasting nexus between stock returns and crucial economic indicators, namely Gross Domestic Product (GDP), disposable income, and the participation of Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) in the market. Furthermore, this study underscores the enduring negative relationship between stock returns and factors, such as interest rates, government policies, exchange rates, and inflation. These findings provide valuable insights into the interplay between the stock market and macroeconomic forces in the Indian context.

Deforestation in the tropics is a critical issue that interacts with global environmental changes, and the mediating role of negative agricultural shocks is ambiguous. We investigate the impact of the massive epidemic of coffee leaf rust (CLR) that affected Mexico from 2012 on deforestation. CLR is a fungal disease that negatively affects coffee production. We exploit the gradual spread of the epidemic across coffee‐growing municipalities and estimate a difference‐in‐differences model. We find that deforestation increased by 32% in CLR‐affected municipalities, but we find no increase in agricultural land. We find evidence of deforestation in cropland area, and our effects are driven by states where rustic coffee systems were predominant. These results suggest that deforestation occurred within coffee cultivation areas and point out the concurrent role of government subsidies and incentives through the PROCAFE program, launched in 2014, that promoted the replacement of traditional coffee trees by CLR‐resistant hybrids. We study the dynamic effects of CLR and exploit the delayed launch of PROCAFE to try to disentangle the impact of the epidemic from that of the policy response. Our results emphasize the vulnerability of agroforestry systems to exogenous shocks and suggest that PROCAFE, as a short‐term response to CLR, contributed to increasing deforestation and accelerating the transition of Mexican traditional coffee landscapes to monoculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As more national governments adopt policies addressing the ethical implications of artificial intelligence, a comparative analysis of policy documents on these topics can provide valuable insights into emerging concerns and areas of shared importance. This study critically examines 57 policy documents pertaining to ethical AI originating from 24 distinct countries, employing a combination of computational text mining methods and qualitative content analysis. The primary objective is to methodically identify common themes throughout these policy documents and perform a comparative analysis of the ways in which various governments give priority to crucial matters. A total of nineteen topics were initially retrieved. Through an iterative coding process, six overarching themes were identified: principles, the protection of personal data, governmental roles and responsibilities, procedural guidelines, governance and monitoring mechanisms, and epistemological considerations. Furthermore, the research revealed 31 ethical dilemmas pertaining to AI that had been overlooked previously but are now emerging. These dilemmas have been referred to in different extents throughout the policy documents. This research makes a scholarly contribution to the expanding field of technology policy formulations at the national level by analyzing similarities and differences among countries. Furthermore, this analysis has practical ramifications for policymakers who are attempting to comprehend prevailing trends and potentially neglected domains that demand focus in the ever-evolving field of artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze how firm-level capabilities and characteristics affect firm innovation activities and innovation outputs in seven Latin American countries in 2016. We include eight innovation activities in accordance with OECD/Eurostat. Using data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys for manufacturing and services, we distinguish two steps in the innovation process: firm engagement with innovation inputs and the translation of innovation inputs into innovation outputs. The empirical results demonstrate the importance of considering the broad spectrum of innovation activities rather than only focusing on R&D for the production of innovation outputs. The estimates underscore the significance of the impact of economic structure (firm size and sector) on innovation focusing at the micro level. They also suggest a role for government policies in reducing innovation gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has affected the tourism sector by closing borders, reducing both the transportation of tourists and tourist demand. Due to the country-wide lockdown, most activities in the hotel, motel, restaurant, and transportation sectors have been postponed. Consequently, the article investigates four research issues by examining the consequences of global tourism in the private sector before and after COVID-19. As an analytical method, the article suggested qualitative research methodologies to collect information from tourism employees. The opinions of the respondents were gathered through online emails in the questionnaire survey. Further, the article considers people's future desire for specific tourism destinations based on visitor arrivals. Forecasting tourist demand is an essential component of good and efficient tourism management. Consequently, the article proposes an attention-based long short-term memory model for exact demand forecasting. The experimental findings reveal that the model's minimal prediction error accuracy is 0.45%, which indicates that it has a more robust prediction effect, a faster convergence rate, and a greater prediction accuracy. Seasonality has emerged as one of the most distinguishing and defining characteristics of the global tourist business. Accordingly, the article mandated to compare the seasonal and non-seasonal effects of the tourist sector throughout the years 2020–2021. Moreover, Governments must analyse the crises' long-term consequences and, as a result, define the components that constitute government advantages supplied to the tourist sector during the pandemic era. As a result, many governmental policies, especially those about social welfare, may perceive a fresh start during the post-pandemic period, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from 88 countries, we test hypotheses linking a country's economic freedom and cultural values with the propensity and timing of decisions to impose stringent policies to combat the spread of Covid-19, as well as society's compliance with those restrictive measures. Our analysis supports hypotheses that a country's economic freedom and cultural dimensions of individualism and masculinity predict early implementation of stringent policies. After accounting for endogeneity, we find that individualism also helps explain residents' compliance with stringent measures. These findings illustrate how institutions and cultural values influence government policies and societal compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a review of the current state and the potential of digitalization of Vietnam's higher education and makes recommendations in support of the digitalization process. It is mainly based on public documents. The paper discusses the extent of institutional digital transformation, its challenges, and opportunities in two contexts: (1) before the outbreak of COVID-19 when the process of digitalization of most universities was just beginning and varied in level, and (2) after the outbreak of COVID-19, when digitalization occurred rapidly. The review addresses digitalization in line with the National Digital Transformation Program with a vision for 2030, which has three targets: (1) to develop the platform to support distance learning and teaching and thoroughly apply digital technologies to management, teaching, and learning; (2) the development of digitalized learning materials, and (3) the creation of a data warehouse for sharing teaching and learning resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain’s Comunitat Valenciana (Valencian Community) () has a rich agricultural history, with long traditions of resilience and innovation. This tradition, along with the community’s deep ethic of respect for the land, remains at the core of the region’s approach to climate change and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]