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Background: Peripheral nerve injury is developed from the various etiological factors such as crushing, traction,long bone fracture, cutting injury, entrapment neuropathies, infection, inflammation and various degree of tumours. LIPUS and LLLT has a variety of biological impacts on tissues, including increasing bone fracture repair, accelerating soft-tissue regeneration, and suppressing inflammatory reactions. Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to determine the efficacy of LLLT and LIPUS in relation to neurotrophic factors in experimentally induced peripheral nerve damage . Materials and Methods: A systematic review was done to investigate the effectiveness of LLLT and LIPU in experimental induced rat model. Articles are systematically searched in search engines PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar database according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Out of the four review articles that are eligible, three support low intensity pulse ultrasound therapy's potential to promote nerve regeneration, while one article supports low level laser therapy's enhance nerve regeneration. Conclusion: The study conclude that LIPU has huge supporting evidence on nerve regeneration influencing the neurotrophic factors and LLLT has least supporting evidence on influencing the neurotropic factors on experimental induced rat model. Advance research need to carried out in vivo animal model to evaluate the effectiveness of both the LLLT and LIPU in experimentally induced rat model at proven dosages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A variety of etiological factors that lead to peripheral nerve injury include crushing, traction, long fractures in bones, cutting injuries, entrapment neuropathies, infection, inflammation, and tumours of varying degrees. LIPUS has a variety of biological effects on tissues, including speeding up the regeneration of soft tissues, and lowering inflammatory reactions. In LLLT, low-level laser light with a wavelength of 808 nm is employed to trigger a biological reaction. Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional recovery of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treating the sciatic nerve in rats. Methods: Using simple random sampling method and the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 rats in total were chosen. A mechanical crush will be performed for 30 seconds using haemostatic forceps. The study's rats were divided into 3 groups at random: Group A received ultrasound for 21 days; Group B received laser for 21 days; and Group C received no treatment. The toe spread assay was used to assess functional recovery 3 weeks after surgery. Result: All three groups are statistically significant (p<0.005) when analysed using one-way ANOVA during intervention period (7th, 24th, 21st day) but LLLT & UST has shown better improvement in their functional index than the control group. Conclusion: According to the study's findings, LLLT significantly outperforms LIPUS in improving the functional recovery of an experimentally induced rat model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Damage or disease can result in peripheral nerve injury, which is a frequent clinical issue. It frequently renders a person disabled by causing severe sensory loss and motor deficiencies along with pain, tingling, burning and other nagging sensations. A form of ultrasound called Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, which uses far less energy than normal ultrasound (3 W/cm2). A biological reaction is triggered by low-level laser light having a wavelength of 808nm and a power range of 1-1000 mW. Purpose: The Study is to find out the effect of low-level laser therapy and low intensity pulsed ultrasound on motor recovery among experimentally induced peripheral nerve injury in Wistar rats. Methods: Eighteen rats were chosen in total, skin hair was removed to expose the sciatic nerve area, and the crush injury was done by hemostatic forceps for 30 seconds, the group 1 is ultrasound, group 2 is laser and group 3 is control group. The Step Length Ratio (SLR) was used as an outcome measure to assess motor recovery. Result: All three groups are statistically significant (p<0.001) was analysed using one-way ANOVA during intervention period (7th, 24th, 21st day) but LLLT & UST has shown better improvement in their functional index than the control group. Conclusion: According to the results, LLLT has more impact in motor recovery than LIPU also each treatment has substantial impact on accelerating nerve regeneration and shortening the recovery time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are known to cause significant functional impairment and diminished sensory recovery, necessitating the exploration of effective therapeutic interventions. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to find the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) sensory recovery in an experimentally induced peripheral nerve injury rat model. Materials and Methods: In this study, 18 adult male wistar rats which are divided into LLLT (n = 6), LIPUS (n = 6), and control (n = 6) groups. All rats underwent a standardized procedure to induce peripheral nerve injury, while the control group received sham procedures. Hot-Plate test and Cold-Plate Tests were conducted for pre- and post-operative evaluation of sensory recovery at POD 7, 14, 21 days. Results: The study's findings revealed that LLLT exhibited significantly improved sensory recovery compared to LIPUS and control groups on POD 14 and 21, indicating its potential as a promising non-invasive intervention for managing peripheral nerve injuries (P <0.001). Conclusion: The study recommends that LLLT is more effective when compared with LIPUS in promoting sensory recovery and enhancing in a rat model of peripheral nerve injury. Positive outcomes indicate LLLT's potential as a promising intervention for managing peripheral nerve injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their appropriate physicochemical properties, nanoparticles are used in nanomedicine to develop drug delivery systems for anticancer therapy. In biomedical applications, metal oxide nanoparticles are used as powerful and flexible multipurpose agents. This work described a green synthesis of Y2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) using the sol-gel technique with the use of aqueous leaf extracts of Lantana camara L (LC). These nanoparticles were characterized with the aid of different methods, including UV, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmitted electron microscopy (TEM), and photocatalytic degradation. Y2O3 nanoparticles showed excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli with a 10 to 15 mm inhibitory zone. Green Y2O3 NPs were released with a 4 h lag time and 80% sustained release rate, indicating that they could be used in drug delivery. In addition, the bioavailability of green Y2O3 NPs was investigated using cell viability in cervical cancer cell lines. These green-synthesized Y2O3 NPs demonstrated photocatalytic degradation, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by the reduction of HAuCl4 by using of Eclipta prostrata leaf extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent. AuNPs were characterized using Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The UV-visible spectrum of the synthesized AuNPs showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) around 534 nm. The face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of the AuNPs was confirmed by XRD peaks at 38.10°, 44.13°, 64.43°, and 77.32°, which correspond to (111), (200), (220), and (311) miller indices, respectively, with clear circular spots in the selected area electron diffraction (SAED). FTIR measurements showed the AuNPs having a coating of phenolic compounds, indicating a possible role of biomolecules responsible for capping and efficient stabilization of the AuNPs. The HRTEM images determined the particles are spherical, hexagonal, and triangular in shape, with an average size of 31 ± 1.6 nm. The synthesized AuNPs show good antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity. The outcomes of this study indicate that these nanoparticles could be effectively utilized in pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estradiol, a major form of estrogen, plays a crucial role in various aspects of brain function, including neuronal health, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive processes. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the histopathological changes of the rat brain following estradiol treatment in unilateral and bilateral ovariectomized rats, a commonly used method to induce estrogen deficiency and study the consequences of hormonal changes. Two months old Wistar albino female rats were divided into five experimental groups, each consisting of 6 animals. Unilateral and bilateral ovariectomized rats were treated with estradiol (10 mg/Kg/b.wt) subcutaneously for 30 days. The histopathological analysis of brain revealed normal 5-6 compact layers of small pyramidal cells of CA3 region, most with vesicular nuclei in control rats andan irregular and disturbed thickness of the pyramidal cell layer in the CA3 region, suggesting neuronal loss in unilateral ovariectomized rats. Estradiol therapy to these rats showed dark hyperchromatic layers of pyramidal cells in the CA3 region, most of which displayed vesicular nuclei and less shrinkage. Bilateral ovariectomized rats without estradiol treatment showed irregular and disturbed thickness of the pyramidal cell layer in the CA3 region Similar to Group II, indicating neuronal loss and bilateral ovariectomized rats with estradiol treatment showed no significant changes. These findings highlight the potential role of estradiol in modulating the histopathological changes associated with ovariectomy. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which estradiol exerts its effects on neuronal integrity and to explore potential therapeutic strategies for preventing or reversing these histological changes., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)