Search

This study reviews annual reports of NABARD -“Status of Microfinance in India” on microfinance significance through savings by rural poor, financial inclusion, bank linkage and women entrepreneurship through SHGs for the upliftment of the standard of living of the rural poor of Karnataka state over the period from 2016-17 to 2020-21. In conducting this study five moderating variables are identified which are independent in nature and facilitates the act of poverty alleviation through microfinance. The data is being collected from secondary sources and analysed to know how SHGs and bank linkage of rural poor contributing for the women entrepreneurship for the upliftment of the standard of living of rural poor of Karnataka state by increasing savings among the members of SHGs. This Study reviews the amount of credit allocated for different aspects of microfinance to achieve the objectives set at the core

Due to rapid growth of technology we have almost every work every field which can be done through internet. E-Commercials and stock trading, are some of the leading transaction platforms in this era. People use different mode of money transactions through Credit, Debit card and UPI’s. These mode of payments made the transaction simple and quicker . However, there are many ambiguity in the system of these transactions which cause the online frauds. Hence, Online transaction Fraud detection system is very important for all banking networks to eliminate their loses. The most commonly used detection strategies are Neural networks, K- Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Fuzzy system, Call Trees, and other genetic algorithms. These algorithms are often used alone or meta learning techniques to make classifiers. This project presents detecting fraud using one of the Ensemble method called stacking in machine learning to eliminate some of the limitations occurred in the above stated methods which evaluates every methodology supported bond criterion., {"references":["1.\tWang, T., & Zhao, Y. (2022, January). Credit Card Fraud Detection using Logistic Regression. In 2022 International Conference on Big Data, Information and Computer Network (BDICN) (pp. 301-305). IEEE.","2.\tGoyal, S., Rawat, S., & Abirami, G. (2022, April). Credit Card Fraud Detection using Logistic Regression and Decision Tree. In 2022 10th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology-Signal and Information Processing (ICETET-SIP-22) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.","3.\tKumar, P., & Iqbal, F. (2019, April). Credit card fraud identification using machine learning approaches. In 2019 1st International conference on innovations in information and communication technology (ICIICT) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.","4.\tTomar, P., Shrivastava, S., & Thakar, U. (2021, December). Ensemble Learning based Credit Card Fraud Detection System. In 2021 5th Conference on Information and Communication Technology (CICT) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.","5.\tKim, E., Lee, J., Shin, H., Yang, H., Cho, S., Nam, S. K., ... & Kim, J. I. (2019). Champion-challenger analysis for credit card fraud detection: Hybrid ensemble and deep learning. Expert Systems with Applications, 128, 214-224.","6.\tSahithi, G. L., Roshmi, V., Sameera, Y. V., & Pradeepini, G. (2022, April). Credit card fraud detection using ensemble methods in machine learning. In 2022 6th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI) (pp. 1237-1241). IEEE.","7.\tRandhawa, K., Loo, C. K., Seera, M., Lim, C. P., & Nandi, A. K. (2018). Credit card fraud detection using AdaBoost and majority voting. IEEE access, 6, 14277-14284..","8.\tKrishna Rao, N. V., Harika Devi, Y., Shalini, N., Harika, A., Divyavani, V., & Mangathayaru, N. (2021). Credit card fraud detection using spark and machine learning techniques. In Machine Learning Technologies and Applications: Proceedings of ICACECS 2020 (pp. 163-172). Singapore: Springer Singapore.","9.\tDevika, M., Kishan, S. R., Manohar, L. S., & Vijaya, N. (2022, December). Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Logistic Regression. In 2022 Second International Conference on Advanced Technologies in Intelligent Control, Environment, Computing & Communication Engineering (ICATIECE) (pp. 1-6). IEEE..","10.\tJain, N., Chaudhary, A., & Kumar, A. (2022, December). Credit card fraud detection using machine learning techniques. In 2022 11th International Conference on System Modeling & Advancement in Research Trends (SMART) (pp. 1451-1455). IEEE.."]}

We evaluated the safety and potency of the Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) vaccine inactivated with different formalin concentrations in mice, since the side effects due to higher formalin concentrations have been a major reason for vaccine refusal. Furthermore, with an objective to reduce the use of mice in vaccine testing, we performed quantification of the KFD virus by real-time PCR and compared it with in vivo titration in mice. The KFD vaccine prepared in chicken embryo fibroblast cells was inactivated with 0.04%, 0.06%, and 0.08% concentrations of formalin. The vaccine inactivated with 0.04% and 0.06% formalin failed the safety test, whereas the KFD vaccine inactivated with 0.08% formalin was safe and potent with a log protective index of 5678 in mice. This reduced formalin content may induce no/lesser side-effects of pain/swelling which may increase the vaccine acceptance. The real-time PCR on individual KFD vaccine harvests interpreted that when the CT value of each harvest is

Foetal development has dictated by maternal gestational diet and intrinsic factors, physical activity, and environmental stimulations. Many studies provided evidence for metabolic disorders in adult life who underwent under nutrition during their foetal life. This review is an effort to use the published data to know the effect of the intrauterine environment on chronic metabolic disorders. Here, we discuss the impact of foetal under nutrition on the development of chronic metabolic diseases. Intrauterine under nutrition negatively influences health after birth. In adults, under-nutrition in utero results in metabolic impairments and cognitive impairments. Under nutrition during foetal/embryonic development influences human physiology and has a lifelong effect, often called foetal programming. This review concludes that the intrauterine environment and foetal nutrition play a significant role in developing chronic metabolic disorders. Therefore, this study provides the necessary insight into target timely interventions in the earliest possible time to prevent offspring from developing chronic diseases in adult life.

The aim of the study isto evaluate the effect of primer and two different curing times of primer on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to tooth surface Materials and methods : 33 extracted first Premolar teeth was embedded in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin till cervical region. They were randomly divided into three groups (each of 11 premolar). All teeth were etched in same manner using 37% orthophosphoric acid Etchant gel and after thatit was divided into 3 groups Group 1: Primer was not applied, Transbond XT Adhesive Light Cure Paste was applied and the bracket was light cured for 20 second with standard intensity curing light.Group 2:Transbond XT Primer was applied and cured with high intensity LED Light(2500mW/cm2 ) for 1 second.Transbond XT Adhesive Light Cure Paste was applied and the bracket was light cured for 20 second with standard intensity curing lightGroup 3: . Transbond XT Primer was applied and cured with normal intensity LED Light(1200mW/cm2 ) for 10 seconds.Transbond XT Adhesive Light Cure Paste was applied and the bracket was light cured for 20 second with standard intensity curing light.After bonding,each specimen was loaded into a Universal Testing Machine for testing. A computer connected with Universal Testing Machine recorded the results of each test. The readings were recorded in Newton(N). And it was converted into Mega Pascal Units for statistical analysis. Results : In the present study the mean SBS of no primer group was 12.20MPa, SBS when primer was cured for 1 sec with high intensity curing light was 15.54 MPa and SBS when primer was cured for 10 sec with normal intensity curing light was 16.60MPa, all the three value were more than the clinically acceptable values Conclusion: The result of our study showed that use of primer by curing for 1sec with high intensity LED light, curing for 10sec with normal intensity LED light and not using primer all three-condition produced SBS which was clinically acceptable, but by using primer and curing it for 1sec with high intensity LED light we can eliminate the disadvantages which are caused by not using primer and we can save our chair side time also by reducing the curing time. Further studies can be done considering the above aspects. Further research by doing a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of the debonded tooth surface to check for the enamel cracks and resin tag formation in the various groups can be conducted to evaluate the results better

This paper aims to develop a tool for predicting accurate and timely traffic flow Information. Traffic Environment involves everything that can affect the traffic flowing on the road, whether it’s traffic signals, accidents, rallies, even repairing of roads that can cause a jam. If we have prior information which is very near approximate about all the above and many more daily life situations which can affect traffic then, a driver or rider can make an informed decision. Also, it helps in the future of autonomous vehicles. In the current decades, traffic data have been generating exponentially, and we have moved towards the big data concepts for transportation. Available prediction methods for traffic flow use some traffic prediction models and are still unsatisfactory to handle real-world applications. This fact inspired us to work on the traffic flow forecast problem build on the traffic data and models. It is cumbersome to forecast the traffic flow accurately because the data available for the transportation system is insanely huge. In this work, we planned to use machine learning, genetic, soft computing, and deep learning algorithms to analyse the big-data for the transportation system with much-reduced complexity. Also, Image Processing algorithms are involved in traffic sign recognition, which eventually helps for the right training of autonomous vehicles.

General practitioner dentists and nonorthodontic specialties should have the knowledge of the basic principles and practices of orthodontics in order to educate the patients, diagnose their problems correctly and for proper referral. Many times, patient might present with a chief complaint that he/she would not be able to correlate with an underlying malocclusion. In that case, it is imperative for the dentist to identify and diagnose the chief cause which may be an orthodontic cause and then plan a proper referral Aim:- The objective of the present study is to assess the Knowledge and Attitude about Principles and Practices of Orthodontic Treatment among Dentists and NonOrthodontic Specialists in Karnataka. Method:- This study was performed by presenting a closed questionnaire to a total of 359 participants who were general dental practitioners and non-orthodontic specialists. A self-developed questionnaire was distributed through personal contact and e-mail.The questionnaire survey included a total number of 17 questions out of which 12 questions were formulated to study the knowledge and 5 questions were formulated to study the attitude towards orthodontic treatment principles and practices. Result:- Among 359 responders, 74% (n=267) knew that ideal period to start orthodontic treatment was by assessing the Growth period and treating accordingly, 88% (n=316) knew that malocclusions can be treated during mixed dentition stage, 94%(n=337) were aware of functional therapy,75%(n=267) knew that functional appliances were best advised during peak of pubertal growth period, 94%(n=337) considered functional therapy as a part of orthodontic treatment when a patient complains of incompetent lips and proclined teeth, 87%(n=312) were not sure whether extraction of teeth during orthodontic treatment, 96% (n=346) believed habits like mouth breathing or thumb-sucking have an effect on the alignment of anterior teeth, 89% (n=321) believed correcting the malocclusion influences healthy social living,94% (n=339) believed orthodontic therapy can be a part of management of Temporomandibular disorders, 68% (n=246) thought that retainers should be worn for 12 months after orthodontic therapy, 58% (n=208) believed that orthodontic treatment can be given in periodontally compromised patients, 86% (n=309) believed orthodontic treatment can be delivered even if the molars were missing, 96% (n=343) considered calling an orthodontist for opinion, 87% (n=311) answered that they carry out diagnostic orthodontic procedures, 84% (n=300) believed orthodontic treatment can be started before the eruption of all permanent teeth, 88% (n=316) said that they will look for malocclusions even if the patient presented with some other chief complaint, 70% (n=250) considered doing orthognathic surgery at patient’s convenience place. Conclusion:- This study showed that there is good knowledge and Attitude about Principles and Practices of Orthodontic Treatment among Dentists and NonOrthodontic Specialists in Karnataka. However, there is a need to increase the knowledge about few things like retention after orthodontic treatment and regarding the requirement of extraction for particular orthodontic treatment and hence there is a need for an increased clinically oriented education in the undergraduate courses and a multi-disciplinary inter department seminar presentations and forums set up for the postgraduation courses for them to understand the scope of each other’s specialties.

Arch expansion is a method of gaining space. An apparently complex yet relatively simple procedure in orthodontics is Palatal expansion. The correction of transverse maxillary deficiency can be an important component of an orthodontic treatment plan. Rapid Maxillary expansion (RME) is a skeletal type of expansion that involves the separation of the mid-palatal suture and movement of the maxillary shelves away from each other. RME effects the maxillary complex, palatal vaults, maxillary anterior and posterior teeth, adjacent periodontal structures to bring about an expansion in the maxillary arch. The majority of dental transverse measurements changed significantly as a result of RME. This review article provides detailed information about rapid maxillary expansion and the appliances used commonly for RME.

Background: The `fetal origins' hypothesis proposes that alterations in fetal nutrition result in a permanent change in physiology and metabolism, thereby predisposing to metabolic disorders in adult life. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), the wonder queen of Indian spice and a nutraceutical was extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha for various diseases. Having multiple benefits of Curcumin, we hypothesized that, rats suffered undernutrition during their perinatal period would develop metabolic disorders in their adult life, which would be effectively modulated by Curcumin. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of Curcumin supplementation during perinatal life. Methods: It is an experimental study conducted using a rat model. The animals were divided into six groups. The insulin level was estimated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Plasma glucose and lipid profile by autoanalyzer method. HOMA-IR and AI were calculated. The difference was compared between the groups and within the group was done by one-way ANOVA. The p < 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: The Bodyweight mean Triglyceride, Total cholesterol, LDL-C, Glucose, AI, and HOMA-IR was significantly increased (p=0.0001) in the Perun group, whereas HDL-C and Insulin were significantly decreased (p=0.001) as compared to control animals, which was effectively modulated by Curcumin in the animals of PeriCur group. Conclusion: The present study showed that perinatal undernutrition caused metabolic disorders in adult life and was effectively modulated by Curcumin supplementation during the perinatal period.