131 results on '"Grégory Simon"'
Search Results
2. Cortical Thickness and Natural Scene Recognition in the Child’s Brain
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François Orliac, Grégoire Borst, Grégory Simon, Katell Mevel, Julie Vidal, Sonia Dollfus, Olivier Houdé, Carole Peyrin, and Nicolas Poirel
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cortical thickness ,MRI ,children ,natural scenes ,spatial frequency ,vision ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Visual scenes are processed in terms of spatial frequencies. Low spatial frequencies (LSF) carry coarse information, whereas high spatial frequencies (HSF) subsequently carry information about fine details. The present magnetic resonance imaging study investigated how cortical thickness covaried with LSF/HSF processing abilities in ten-year-old children and adults. Participants indicated whether natural scenes that were filtered in either LSF or HSF represented outdoor or indoor scenes, while reaction times (RTs) and accuracy measures were recorded. In adults, faster RTs for LSF and HSF images were consistently associated with a thicker cortex (parahippocampal cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and precentral and insula regions for LSF; parahippocampal cortex and fronto-marginal and supramarginal gyri for HSF). On the other hand, in children, faster RTs for HSF were associated with a thicker cortex (posterior cingulate, supramarginal and calcarine cortical regions), whereas faster RTs for LSF were associated with a thinner cortex (subcallosal and insula regions). Increased cortical thickness in adults and children could correspond to an expansion mechanism linked to visual scene processing efficiency. In contrast, lower cortical thickness associated with LSF efficiency in children could correspond to a pruning mechanism reflecting an ongoing maturational process, in agreement with the view that LSF efficiency continues to be refined during childhood. This differing pattern between children and adults appeared to be particularly significant in anterior regions of the brain, in line with the proposed existence of a postero-anterior gradient of brain development. Taken together, our results highlight the dynamic brain processes that allow children and adults to perceive a visual natural scene in a coherent way.
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- 2020
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3. Number conservation is related to children's prefrontal inhibitory control: an fMRI study of a piagetian task.
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Nicolas Poirel, Grégoire Borst, Grégory Simon, Sandrine Rossi, Mathieu Cassotti, Arlette Pineau, and Olivier Houdé
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Although young children can accurately determine that two rows contain the same number of coins when they are placed in a one-to-one correspondence, children younger than 7 years of age erroneously think that the longer row contains more coins when the coins in one of the rows are spread apart. To demonstrate that prefrontal inhibitory control is necessary to succeed at this task (Piaget's conservation-of-number task), we studied the relationship between the percentage of BOLD signal changes in the brain areas activated in this developmental task and behavioral performance on a Stroop task and a Backward Digit Span task. The level of activation in the right insula/inferior frontal gyrus was selectively related to inhibitory control efficiency (i.e., the Stroop task), whereas the activation in the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) was selectively related to the ability to manipulate numerical information in working memory (i.e., the Backward Digit Span task). Taken together, the results indicate that to acquire number conservation, children's brains must not only activate the reversibility of cognitive operations (supported by the IPS) but also inhibit a misleading length-equal-number strategy (supported by the right insula/inferior frontal gyrus).
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- 2012
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4. The shift from local to global visual processing in 6-year-old children is associated with grey matter loss.
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Nicolas Poirel, Grégory Simon, Mathieu Cassotti, Gaëlle Leroux, Guy Perchey, Céline Lanoë, Amélie Lubin, Marie-Renée Turbelin, Sandrine Rossi, Arlette Pineau, and Olivier Houdé
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: A real-world visual scene consists of local elements (e.g. trees) that are arranged coherently into a global configuration (e.g. a forest). Children show psychological evolution from a preference for local visual information to an adult-like preference for global visual information, with the transition in visual preference occurring around 6 years of age. The brain regions involved in this shift in visual preference have not been described. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to study children during this developmental window to investigate changes in gray matter that underlie the shift from a bias for local to global visual information. Six-year-old children were assigned to groups according to their judgment on a global/local task. The first group included children who still presented with local visual processing biases, and the second group included children who showed global visual processing biases. VBM results indicated that compared to children with local visual processing biases, children with global visual processing biases had a loss of gray matter in the right occipital and parietal visuospatial areas. CONCLUSIONS: These anatomical findings are in agreement with previous findings in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and represent the first structural identification of brain regions that allow healthy children to develop a global perception of the visual world.
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- 2011
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5. UBE2N Is Essential for Maintenance of Skin Homeostasis and Suppression of Inflammation
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Lee, Min Jin, Hammouda, Manel Ben, Miao, Wanying, Okafor, Arinze E., Jin, Yingai J., Sun, Huiying, Jain, Vaibhav, Markovtsov, Vadim, Diao, Yarui, Gregory, Simon G., and Zhang, Jennifer Y.
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- 2024
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6. 20-αHydroxycholesterol, an oxysterol in human breast milk, reverses mouse neonatal white matter injury through Gli-dependent oligodendrogenesis
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Chao, Agnes S., Matak, Pavle, Pegram, Kelly, Powers, James, Hutson, Collin, Jo, Rebecca, Dubois, Laura, Thompson, J. Will, Smith, P. Brian, Jain, Vaibhav, Liu, Chunlei, Younge, Noelle E., Rikard, Blaire, Reyes, Estefany Y., Shinohara, Mari L., Gregory, Simon G., Goldberg, Ronald N., and Benner, Eric J.
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- 2023
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7. Hepatocyte Smoothened Activity Controls Susceptibility to Insulin Resistance and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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Chen, Tianyi, Dalton, George, Oh, Seh-Hoon, Maeso-Diaz, Raquel, Du, Kuo, Meyers, Rachel A., Guy, Cynthia, Abdelmalek, Manal F., Henao, Ricardo, Guarnieri, Paolo, Pullen, Steven S., Gregory, Simon, Locker, Joseph, Brown, J. Mark, and Diehl, Anna Mae
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- 2023
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8. Single-cell genome-wide association reveals that a nonsynonymous variant in ERAP1 confers increased susceptibility to influenza virus
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Schott, Benjamin H., Wang, Liuyang, Zhu, Xinyu, Harding, Alfred T., Ko, Emily R., Bourgeois, Jeffrey S., Washington, Erica J., Burke, Thomas W., Anderson, Jack, Bergstrom, Emma, Gardener, Zoe, Paterson, Suzanna, Brennan, Richard G., Chiu, Christopher, McClain, Micah T., Woods, Christopher W., Gregory, Simon G., Heaton, Nicholas S., and Ko, Dennis C.
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- 2022
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9. Lifetime marijuana use and epigenetic age acceleration: A 17-year prospective examination
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Allen, Joseph P., Danoff, Joshua S., Costello, Meghan A., Hunt, Gabrielle L., Hellwig, Amanda F., Krol, Kathleen M., Gregory, Simon G., Giamberardino, Stephanie N., Sugden, Karen, and Connelly, Jessica J.
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- 2022
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10. Genetics of the Chiari I and II Malformations
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Markunas, Christina A., Ashley-Koch, Allison E., Gregory, Simon G., Tubbs, R. Shane, editor, Turgut, Mehmet, editor, and Oakes, W. Jerry, editor
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- 2020
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11. Potential impacts of oxygen impurities in carbon capture and storage on microbial community composition and activity
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Morgan, Hayden, Large, David J., Bateman, Keith, Hanstock, David, and Gregory, Simon P.
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- 2021
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12. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies Yes-Associated Protein 1–Dependent Hepatic Mesothelial Progenitors in Fibrolamellar Carcinoma
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Jewell, Mark L., Gibson, Jason R., Guy, Cynthia D., Hyun, Jeongeun, Du, Kuo, Oh, Seh-Hoon, Premont, Richard T., Hsu, David S., Ribar, Thomas, Gregory, Simon G., and Diehl, Anna Mae E.
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- 2020
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13. Early nurture epigenetically tunes the oxytocin receptor
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Perkeybile, Allison M., Carter, C. Sue, Wroblewski, Kelly L., Puglia, Meghan H., Kenkel, William M., Lillard, Travis S., Karaoli, Themistoclis, Gregory, Simon G., Mohammadi, Niaz, Epstein, Larissa, Bales, Karen L., and Connelly, Jessica J.
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- 2019
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14. Subventricular zone stem cell niche injury is associated with intestinal perforation in preterm infants and predicts future motor impairment
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Epstein, Adrian A., Janos, Sara N., Menozzi, Luca, Pegram, Kelly, Jain, Vaibhav, Bisset, Logan C., Davis, Joseph T., Morrison, Samantha, Shailaja, Aswathy, Guo, Yingqiu, Chao, Agnes S., Abdi, Khadar, Rikard, Blaire, Yao, Junjie, Gregory, Simon G., Fisher, Kimberley, Pittman, Rick, Erkanli, Al, Gustafson, Kathryn E., Carrico, Caroline W.T., Malcolm, William F., Inder, Terrie E., Cotten, C. Michael, Burt, Trevor D., Shinohara, Mari L., Maxfield, Charles M., and Benner, Eric J.
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- 2024
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15. The Effect of Variable Oxygen Impurities on Microbial Activity in Conditions Resembling Geological Storage Sites
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Morgan, Hayden, Large, David, Bateman, Keith, Hanstock, David, and Gregory, Simon
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- 2017
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16. Whole blood sequencing reveals circulating microRNA associations with high-risk traits in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
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Wang, Alice, Kwee, Lydia Coulter, Grass, Elizabeth, Neely, Megan L., Gregory, Simon G., Fox, Keith A.A., Armstrong, Paul W., White, Harvey D., Ohman, E. Magnus, Roe, Matthew T., Shah, Svati H., and Chan, Mark Y.
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- 2017
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17. A simple method for testing and controlling inhibition in soil and sediment samples for qPCR
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Bott, Tom, Shaw, George, and Gregory, Simon
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- 2023
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18. Response of the ammonia oxidation activity of microorganisms in surface sediment to a controlled sub-seabed release of CO2
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Watanabe, Yuji, Tait, Karen, Gregory, Simon, Hayashi, Masatoshi, Shimamoto, Akifumi, Taylor, Peter, Stahl, Henrik, Green, Kay, Yoshinaga, Ikuo, Suwa, Yuichi, and Kita, Jun
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- 2015
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19. Genetics of the Chiari I and II Malformations
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Markunas, Christina A., Ashley-Koch, Allison E., Gregory, Simon G., Tubbs, R. Shane, editor, and Oakes, W. Jerry, editor
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- 2013
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20. Compositional tuning of yttrium iron garnet film properties by multi-beam pulsed laser deposition
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Sposito, Alberto, Stenning, Gavin B.G., Gregory, Simon A., de Groot, Peter A.J., and Eason, Robert W.
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- 2014
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21. Genetic predisposition of behavioral response
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Gregory, Simon G.
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- 2014
22. Mapping Techniques
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Gregory, Simon G., Walker, John M., editor, and Rapley, Ralph, editor
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- 2008
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23. Mapping Techniques
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Gregory, Simon G., Walker, John M., editor, and Rapley, Ralph, editor
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- 2005
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24. Performance evaluation of acid mist reduction techniques in copper electrowinning
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Al Shakarji, Reza, He, Yinghe, and Gregory, Simon
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- 2013
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25. and Derby
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Rea, Rustam, Farrell, Kyran, Gregory, Simon, Bates, Brian, Lindsay, Janice, and Tan, Garry
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- 2012
26. Acid mist and bubble size correlation in copper electrowinning
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Al Shakarji, Reza, He, Yinghe, and Gregory, Simon
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- 2012
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27. Psychology on The Rock: Mental Health System and Kanaké Indigenous Tradition in New Caledonia
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Grégory Simon, John Dui Goropwojèwé, Yves-Béalo Gony, Gérard Sarda, Marlène Leloutre, and Emmanuelle Forsans
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- 2021
28. The sizing of oxygen bubbles in copper electrowinning
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Al Shakarji, Reza, He, Yinghe, and Gregory, Simon
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- 2011
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29. Statistical analysis of the effect of operating parameters on acid mist generation in copper electrowinning
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Shakarji, Reza Al, He, Yinghe, and Gregory, Simon
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- 2011
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30. Association of mtDNA haplogroup F with healthy longevity in the female Chuang population, China
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Feng, Jie, Zhang, Jianyi, Liu, Ming, Wan, Gang, Qi, Keyan, Zheng, Chenguang, Lv, Zeping, Hu, Caiyou, Zeng, Yi, Gregory, Simon G., and Yang, Ze
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- 2011
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31. Sulcal pits of the superior temporal sulcus in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations
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Baptiste Lerosier, Gregory Simon, Sylvain Takerkart, Guillaume Auzias, and Sonia Dollfus
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schizophrenia ,auditory verbal hallucination ,structural mri ,superior temporal sulcus ,sulcal pits ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are among the most common and disabling symptoms of schizophrenia. They involve the superior temporal sulcus (STS), which is associated with language processing; specific STS patterns may reflect vulnerability to auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. STS sulcal pits are the deepest points of the folds in this region and were investigated here as an anatomical landmark of AVHs. This study included 53 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and past or present AVHs, as well as 100 healthy control volunteers. All participants underwent a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging T1 brain scan, and sulcal pit differences were compared between the two groups. Compared with controls, patients with AVHs had a significantly different distributions for the number of sulcal pits in the left STS, indicating a less complex morphological pattern. The association of STS sulcal morphology with AVH suggests an early neurodevelopmental process in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia with AVHs.
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- 2024
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32. Exposure of pregnant women to organophosphate insecticides and child motor inhibition at the age of 10–12 years evaluated by fMRI
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Elise Bannier, Dave Saint-Amour, Christine Monfort, Sylvaine Cordier, Fabienne Pelé, Christian Barillot, Anne-Claire Binter, Grégory Simon, Cécile Chevrier, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Empenn, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAUX ET IMAGES NUMÉRIQUES, ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fondation de France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, European Commission, Conseil Régional de Bretagne, University Hospital of Rennes, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Neuroimagerie: méthodes et applications (Empenn), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Bannier, Elise
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Insecticides ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Haemodynamic response ,Brain activity and meditation ,Neurodevelopment ,Physiology ,Urine ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Organophosphorus Compounds ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Prenatal exposure ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pesticides ,Child ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,2. Zero hunger ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,fMRI ,Neurotoxicity ,Environmental Exposure ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Organophosphates ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Cohort ,Motor inhibition ,Female ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,France ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,business - Abstract
International audience; Background: Organophosphate pesticides (OP) are widely used for both agricultural and domestic purposes. Epidemiological studies suggest neurotoxicity in children after exposure to organophosphates pesticides (OP) at low levels but possible mechanism is still unclear.Objectives: We aimed at investigating the effects of prenatal exposure to OPs on inhibitory control of 10-12 year-old-children assessed by a motor inhibition task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Methods: Ninety-five children from the PELAGIE cohort (Brittany-France, from 2002) underwent a fMRI examination during which inhibition was assessed by a Go/No-Go task. Task performance was assessed by average response latency, commission rate and composite performance score (PS). Whole brain activation was estimated by modeling the hemodynamic response related to inhibition demand and successful inhibition. OP exposure was assessed by measuring six dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites in the urine of women in early pregnancy (
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- 2020
33. Cortical Thickness and Natural Scene Recognition in the Child’s Brain
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Carole Peyrin, Julie Vidal, Grégory Simon, Katell Mevel, François Orliac, Grégoire Borst, Olivier Houdé, Nicolas Poirel, Sonia Dollfus, Laboratoire de psychologie du développement et de l'éducation de l'enfant (LaPsyDÉ - UMR 8240), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), GIP Cyceron (Cyceron), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [CHU Caen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Peyrin, Carole
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endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,vision ,Brain development ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Audiology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Article ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,children ,Cortex (anatomy) ,natural scenes ,medicine ,Middle frontal gyrus ,Contrast (vision) ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,media_common ,General Neuroscience ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,[SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Processing efficiency ,cortical thickness ,spatial frequency ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Posterior cingulate ,[SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Spatial frequency ,Psychology ,Insula ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,psychological phenomena and processes ,MRI - Abstract
Visual scenes are processed in terms of spatial frequencies. Low spatial frequencies (LSF) carry coarse information, whereas high spatial frequencies (HSF) subsequently carry information about fine details. The present magnetic resonance imaging study investigated how cortical thickness covaried with LSF/HSF processing abilities in ten-year-old children and adults. Participants indicated whether natural scenes that were filtered in either LSF or HSF represented outdoor or indoor scenes, while reaction times (RTs) and accuracy measures were recorded. In adults, faster RTs for LSF and HSF images were consistently associated with a thicker cortex (parahippocampal cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and precentral and insula regions for LSF, parahippocampal cortex and fronto-marginal and supramarginal gyri for HSF). On the other hand, in children, faster RTs for HSF were associated with a thicker cortex (posterior cingulate, supramarginal and calcarine cortical regions), whereas faster RTs for LSF were associated with a thinner cortex (subcallosal and insula regions). Increased cortical thickness in adults and children could correspond to an expansion mechanism linked to visual scene processing efficiency. In contrast, lower cortical thickness associated with LSF efficiency in children could correspond to a pruning mechanism reflecting an ongoing maturational process, in agreement with the view that LSF efficiency continues to be refined during childhood. This differing pattern between children and adults appeared to be particularly significant in anterior regions of the brain, in line with the proposed existence of a postero-anterior gradient of brain development. Taken together, our results highlight the dynamic brain processes that allow children and adults to perceive a visual natural scene in a coherent way.
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- 2020
34. M15. MORPHOLOGY OF THE SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA: A MARKER OF GENETIC OR ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY?
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Olivier Etard, Sonia Dollfus, Grégory Simon, Guillaume Auzias, Baptiste Lerosier, Sylvain Takerkart, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Caen, and Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)
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Poster Session II ,AcademicSubjects/MED00810 ,Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Vulnerability ,Morphology (biology) ,Superior temporal sulcus ,Biology ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,In patient ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
Background Hallucinations are the most common and debilitating symptom in schizophrenia, affecting more than 70% of patients. The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is involved in the language process notably in the perception of the human voice and several studies show its implication in auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). Sulcal patterns in the white matter can reflect an early vulnerability, probably genetic since they set up at a very early stage and are stable over the life course. In contrast, the cortical thickness is dynamic and variable over the development and so can reflect the impact of environmental factors on the maturation of the brain. The aim of this study is therefore to determine whether AVHs are associated with morphological changes of the STS and in particular, whether these changes concern sulcal patterns or cortical thickness reflecting early (genetic) or late (environmental) vulnerability respectively. Methods Seventy-three schizophrenia patients (DSM-IV) with a proneness of AVH (53 AVH+) and without AVH (20 AVH-) and 100 healthy volunteers (HC) had a 3T MRI brain scan. Cortical reconstructions were generated using Freesurfer. Mean cortical thickness was measured over the entire brain in each participant. Number of sulcal pits, which represents the position with the maximum depth in the sulcus, was automatically counted on the white matter surface. Both measures were compared between groups and related to the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS). Results AVH+ patients compared to HC showed a significantly thinner cortical thickness in the left temporal and frontal regions and especially in the STS (p ≤ 0.05 FDR corrected). A negative correlation (r²=0.25) between the cortical thickness in the central part of the left STS and the AHRS score was found (p = 0.01 uncorrected). A different distribution of the number of pits in the left STS is found in AVH+ patients compared to HC (p = 0.05). Discussion The results suggest that AVH+ patients compared to HC have a lower cortical thickness in the left STS, but also have a specific white matter pattern of the left STS. These results support the hypothesis that a particular morphology of the STS related with auditory hallucinations might be due to both early (genetic) and late (environmental) factors.
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- 2020
35. Age-related neural correlates of facial trustworthiness detection during economic interaction
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Wim De Neys, François Orliac, Grégory Simon, Jean-François Bonnefon, Grégoire Borst, Emilie Salvia, Astrid Hopfensitz, Katell Mevel, Olivier Etard, Nicolas Poirel, Olivier Houdé, Laboratoire de psychologie du développement et de l'éducation de l'enfant (LaPsyDÉ - UMR 8240), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles [CHU Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Cognitive Neuroscience ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,050109 social psychology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Amygdala ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,050105 experimental psychology ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,[SCCO]Cognitive science ,Dictator game ,Age related ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Applied Psychology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Trustworthiness detection ,05 social sciences ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Associative learning ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Trustworthiness ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Mentalization ,Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY ,Trust Game ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
National audience; Some economic transactions require people to trust strangers, whose trustworthiness is unknown. In these circumstances, behavioral studies have shown that adults (but not young adolescents) seem to have some minimal ability to detect the trustworthiness of adult strangers based on their facial features. In this study, we explored the neural correlates of this facial trustworthiness detection. A group of adolescents and adults played a series of economic Trust Games with adult trustees of which we had previously recorded the strategy. Results showed that when adult investors were looking at the picture of a trust-abusing trustee, the left amygdala was relatively more activated than when they were looking at a trust-honoring player. Younger adolescents did not show this pattern and responded with a more pronounced deactivation when facing a trust-abusing trustee. An exploratory whole-brain analysis detected a similar age shift for mentalizing regions of the brain. Our results fit with an emerging model suggesting that the amygdala is implicated in an associative learning process that progressively refines a mapping of faces onto trustworthy behavior and may result in avoiding to be exploited by untrustworthy strangers.
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- 2020
36. CinéBreast-factors influencing the time to first metastatic recurrence in breast cancer: Analysis of real-life data from the French ESME MBC database
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Lionel Uwer, A. Gonçalves, A. Hennequin, C. Le Tourneau, Paul Gougis, Thomas Bachelot, C. Levy, Grégory Simon, William Jacot, Matthieu Carton, Corinne Tchokothe, M.-A. Mouret-Reynier, M. Saghatchian, Thierry Petit, Marc Debled, Christian Cailliot, M. Leheurteur, Audrey Mailliez, Christophe Perrin, M. Campone, Florence Dalenc, J.-C. Eymard, E. Chamorey, Centre d'investigation clinique Paris Est [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (CIC Paris-Est), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Curie [Paris], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Curie - Saint Cloud (ICSC), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest [Angers/Nantes] (UNICANCER/ICO), UNICANCER, Institut Claudius Regaud, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret [Lille] (UNICANCER/Lille), Université de Lille-UNICANCER, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), Centre Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine - Alexis Vautrin [Nancy] (UNICANCER/ICL), CRLCC Jean Godinot, Centre Paul Strauss, CRLCC Paul Strauss, Centre Jean Perrin [Clermont-Ferrand] (UNICANCER/CJP), Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Antoine Lacassagne [Nice] (UNICANCER/CAL), UNICANCER-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), R&D Unicancer [Paris], Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'investigation clinique pluridisciplinaire [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (CIC-P 1421), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CCSD, Accord Elsevier, Centre d'investigation clinique Paris Est (CIC Paris-Est), Institut Curie [Saint-Cloud], MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Nutrition, obésité et risque thrombotique (NORT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Biostatistics Unit, UNICANCER-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-UNICANCER-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Biologie et écologie tropicale et méditerranéenne [2007-2010] (BETM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Curie [Paris]-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
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Time Factors ,Databases, Factual ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Estrogen receptor ,Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ,Real-life data ,computer.software_genre ,Metastasis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Risk Factors ,Epidemiology ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Aged, 80 and over ,Database ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Metastatic breast cancer ,Progression-Free Survival ,3. Good health ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cohort ,Original Article ,Female ,Metastatic recurrence ,France ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Breast Neoplasms ,[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,03 medical and health sciences ,[SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Median follow-up ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Growth rate ,business.industry ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Surgery ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,business ,computer ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Purpose The Time to First Metastatic Recurrence (TFMR) could be considered as an indirect reflection of the tumour growth kinetics which plays an important role in cancer. Molecular subtypes such as expression of estrogen receptor are known predictive factors of TFMR. The CinéBreast study aimed to identify predictive factors of the time to TFMR. Methods The French Epidemiological Strategy and Medical Economics (ESME) Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) Database (NCT03275311) was used, which contains data from a cohort of metastatic breast cancer patients from 2008 to 2016 using retrospective data collection. It is a national multi-centre database. The impact of TFMR on overall survival (OS) since first metastasis was also evaluated. Results Among 16 702 patients recorded in the ESME MBC database, 10 595 had an initially localised breast cancer with hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 status available, with a metastatic recurrence. Median follow up was 56 months. Median TFMR was 59 months (120: 24%). HER2+ and TNBC were respectively 4 times and 12 times (p, Highlights • ESME is a large-scale real-life database of 16 702 metastatic breast cancer patients. • A short time to first metastatic recurrence is associated with poor overall survival. • Triple-negative tumours were more likely to recur early than HR+ and HER2+ tumours.
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- 2020
37. 540. A Precision Medicine Approach to Oxytocin Nasal Spray in Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Guastella, Adam, Boulton, Kelsie, Whitehouse, Andrew, Song, Yun, Thapa, Rinku, Gregory, Simon, Pokorski, Izabella, Granich, Joanna, DeMayo, Marilena, Ambarchi, Zahava, Wray, John, Thomas, Emma, and Hickie, Ian
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. How Does Explicit Versus Implicit Risk Information Influence Adolescent Risk-Taking Engagement?
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Sylvain Moutier, Grégory Simon, Mathieu Cassotti, Anaïs Osmont, Olivier Houdé, and Lison Bouhours
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Matching (statistics) ,Sociology and Political Science ,4. Education ,Strategy and Management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,General Decision Sciences ,Contrast (statistics) ,Resistance (psychoanalysis) ,Ambiguity ,050105 experimental psychology ,Task (project management) ,Variable (computer science) ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Order (exchange) ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Applied Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Adolescents have been shown to be more likely to engage in risky behaviors in daily life. Many studies have indicated that adolescents could make advantageous choices when they receive explicit information but could fail to choose advantageously when they are not informed about risks. The current study aimed to examine the influence of explicit risk information (i.e., when risk information is directly available) versus implicit risk information (i.e., when risk information has to be learned from feedback) on risk-taking engagement, in order to clarify whether the enhanced risk-taking observed in decision making under ambiguity in adolescents results from either a greater exploration of ambiguous situations (i.e., a higher ambiguity tolerance) or a specific difficulty associated with learning based on previous choices' outcomes. Adolescents and young adults completed a new adaptation of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. They were required to accumulate as many points as possible by inflating balloons associated with variable break points and avoiding explosions. This adaptation involved a manipulation of the information level with two conditions, an " informed " condition and a " noninformed " condition, in which the participants had to learn the matching of colors with balloons' resistances based on feedback. The results demonstrated that providing explicit risk information allows adolescents to be as efficient as adults at the end of the game. In contrast, adolescents failed to adjust risk-taking to the balloon resistance in the noninformed condition. These findings critically suggest that this failure reflects a specific impairment of feedback-based learning ability but not a global excess of risk-taking during adolescence.
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- 2017
39. Developmental frontal brain activation differences in overcoming heuristic bias
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Wim De Neys, François Orliac, Grégoire Borst, Nicolas Poirel, Grégory Simon, Olivier Houdé, Katell Mevel, Olivier Etard, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de psychologie du développement et de l'éducation de l'enfant (LaPsyDÉ - UMR 8240), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse et étude de systèmes à intêret biologique (SEESIB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles [CHU Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Mobilités : Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé (COMETE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE28-0010,DIAGNOR,DIAGNOSTIQUER LES DIFFERENCES INDIVIDUELLES DANS LA DETECTION DU BIAIS AU COURS DU RAISONNEMENT(2016), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), CCSD, Accord Elsevier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
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Adult ,Male ,Brain activation ,Aging ,Adolescent ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Gyrus Cinguli ,050105 experimental psychology ,Conflict, Psychological ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,[SCCO]Cognitive science ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Age groups ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Heuristics ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Problem Solving ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Cued speech ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,Heuristic ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,[SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,[SCCO] Cognitive science ,Correct response ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Inhibition, Psychological ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,[SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Female ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Since reasoning is often biased by intuitive heuristics, the development of sound reasoning has long been postulated to depend on successful bias monitoring and inhibition. The present fMRI study aimed to identify neural correlates of developmental changes in these processes. A group of adults and young adolescents were presented with ratio-bias problems in which an intuitively cued heuristic response could be incongruent (conflict item) or congruent (no-conflict item) with the correct response. Results showed that successfully avoiding biased responding on conflict items across both age groups was associated with increased activation in Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) and the right Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (LPFC) regions of interest. Critically, the right LPFC activation decreased with age. Biased responding did not result in right LPFC or ACC modulation and failed to show any developmental activation changes. We discuss implications for ongoing debates on the nature of heuristic bias and its development.
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- 2019
40. Right atrial thrombus treated with catheter directed thrombolysis
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Harsimran Panesar, Gregory Simonian, and David O'Connor
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Atrial thrombus ,thrombolysis ,catheter-associated thrombus ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Objective: Presented is a single-case of a novel technique of catheter-directed thrombolysis via an existing implanted venous-access port for treatment of a right atrial thrombus. Case presentation: A 51-year-old woman with metastatic colon cancer, being treated with chemotherapy via a MediPort was found to have a large right atrial thrombus (2.8 × 4.7 × 2.3 cm) adjacent to the MediPort tip on follow-up chest CT. The patient received three months of anticoagulation without improvement. Due to the location of the thrombus, the patient was treated with continuous infusion of tissue plasminogen activator through the MediPort at a rate of 1 mg/hr for 24 h. Results: Transthoracic echocardiogram at 24 h demonstrated no visible thrombus. 1 month follow up TTE revealed resolution of RA thrombus. Conclusion: A catheter-directed thrombolysis is the effective approach to treat a catheter induced thrombus, while lowering the systemic risk of thrombolytic therapy.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Deuil et prosopopée en Nouvelle-Calédonie : prêter la parole aux morts en dispositif de soin psychique
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Grégory Simon
- Abstract
Cet article presente la situation clinique d’une caledonienne d’origine polynesienne souffrant d’un deuil dit « complique » l’ayant desequilibree dans sa totalite bio-psycho-sociale avec apparition de passages a l’acte auto- et hetero-agressifs. Les modeles cliniques du deuil actuels admettent que le maintien des liens avec l’etre aime puisse etre source de souffrance mais aussi de resilience pour l’endeuille et que le mode de resolution du deuil par rupture ou maintien des liens varie selon la culture et peut meme osciller pour un meme individu. La demarche clinique de cet article s’attache a penser le mort comme un etre concerne par des processus de transformation reciproques avec le vivant. A partir de la pragmatique du langage qui permet de poser que les manifestations semantiques des morts constituent l’un de leur mode d’existence, cet article propose de presenter comment l’instauration d’une prosopopee, soit le fait de s’interesser a une intentionnalite supposee du defunt, peut constituer un acte therapeutique. Au final, la resolution du deuil engageant un soin du mort « pour guerir le vif », necessite ici le deploiement d’actes necessaires a cet effet de la part de l’endeuille. Cette presentation pose la question de la categorisation du mode d’existence des morts apparaissant comme une forme de realite pour l’endeuille. D’autre part, cette situation clinique interroge la « capacite » des morts a pouvoir participer activement a un dispositif de soin dans le cadre d’une psychotherapie d’un deuil complique.
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- 2016
42. Early Cerebral Constraints on Reading Skills in School-Age Children: An MRI Study
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Grégoire Borst, Grégory Simon, Emmanuel Ahr, Arnaud Cachia, Olivier Houdé, and C. Tissier
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual perception ,Occipitotemporal sulcus ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Audiology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Reading (process) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Cognitive development ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,10. No inequality ,media_common ,School age child ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,05 social sciences ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Word lists by frequency ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Reading skills ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Reading relies on a left-lateralized network of brain areas that include the pre-lexical processing regions of the ventral stream. Specifically, a region in the left lateral occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS) is consistently more activated for visual presentations of words than for other categories of stimuli. This region undergoes dramatic changes at the functional and structural levels when children learn to read, but little is known about the effects of early cerebral constraints on reading skills. Using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether the sulcal pattern of the lateral OTS—a stable brain feature—was associated with oral reading skills. The sulcal pattern of the left but not the right lateral OTS was associated with the number of words correctly read in 3 min. This study is the first to evidence that reading is affected by early cerebral constraints, such as the sulcal morphology of the left lateral OTS.
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- 2016
43. Cortical Anatomical Variations and Efficacy of rTMS in the Treatment of Auditory Hallucinations
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Clément Nathou, Grégory Simon, Sonia Dollfus, and Olivier Etard
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Adult ,Male ,Hallucinations ,Rest ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biophysics ,Neuroimaging ,Stimulation ,Auditory hallucinations ,Grey matter ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Young Adult ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Gray Matter ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Temporal cortex ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,General Neuroscience ,Motor Cortex ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,Temporal Lobe ,Treatment efficacy ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Scalp-to-cortex distance ,nervous system ,Schizophrenia ,TMS ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Motor cortex - Abstract
Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows high inter-subject variability in its efficacy for treating resistant auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia. Currently, the response of an individual patient to rTMS treatment cannot be predicted. It is possible that cortical anatomical characteristics could affect the therapeutic response. Objective We hypothesized that rTMS efficacy is related to anatomical variations underlying the stimulation target in the left temporal cortex. We investigated two regions of interest (ROIs) that have been implicated in rTMS: the left temporal cortex, where the stimulation is delivered, and the primary hand motor cortex, where the stimulation strength is determined by the resting motor threshold (rMT). Methods Fifteen patients with schizophrenia (DSM IV) underwent rTMS and magnetic resonance imaging. The scalp-to-cortex distance (SCD) and the grey matter density (GMD) were measured in both ROIs. Linear regression models were used to investigate the relationships between these measures and the clinical efficacy of rTMS. Results Treatment efficacy was highly predicted by the temporal SCD and the GMD in the temporal and primary hand motor cortex regions. In contrast, the rMT was not predicted by the primary hand motor cortex SCD or GMD. Conclusion These results suggest that rTMS treatment efficacy could be related to the depth of the temporal target. The data raise the question of whether rMT is the best measure for assessing the stimulation intensity in treating patients with schizophrenia.
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- 2015
44. L’utilisation de l’électroencéphalographie : la collecte et l’analyse en continu
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Grégory Simon, Yannick Skelling, Hugo G. Lapierre, Patrick Charland, Pierre-Majorique Léger, GIP Cyceron (Cyceron), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de psychologie du développement et de l'éducation de l'enfant (LaPsyDÉ - UMR 8240), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Steve Masson, and Grégoire Borst
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[SCCO]Cognitive science ,Sociology - Abstract
International audience
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- 2018
45. Effects of low- and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on long-latency auditory evoked potentials
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Grégory Simon, Annick Razafimandimby, Elise Leroux, Clément Nathou, Olivier Etard, Emmanuelle Duprey, and Sonia Dollfus
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hallucinations ,Auditory event ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Stimulation ,Audiology ,Inhibitory postsynaptic potential ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Attention ,Temporal cortex ,Cerebral Cortex ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Crossover study ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,Temporal Lobe ,Long latency ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,nervous system ,Schizophrenia ,Evoked Potentials, Auditory ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Long-latency auditory event potentials (LLAEPs) involving local and global auditory processes have been investigated to examine the impact of low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the cortical excitability of the temporal cortex. We hypothesized that both stimulation frequencies have the same modulation effect, in accordance with clinical data showing a reduction in auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) after LF and HF temporal rTMS in patients with schizophrenia. With 30 right-handed healthy volunteer participants enrolled in a crossover trial, we analyzed LLAEPs before and after LF- and HF-rTMS of the left temporal cortex. While we observed no changes in latencies, we did observe a similar inhibitory action of both rTMS frequencies on LLAEP amplitudes. Analysis of surface potential maps and cortical generators revealed some differences regarding auditory processes: HF-rTMS produced earlier, more diffuse, and more right-lateralized effects than LF-rTMS. Beyond a local impact, rTMS exerted a remote modulation influence on the frontal cortex that might be involved in attentional processes. This association could explain the therapeutic effect of temporal HF-rTMS on AVH.
- Published
- 2018
46. Development and pre-clinical evaluation in the swine model of a mucosal vaccine tablet for human influenza viruses: A proof-of-concept study
- Author
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O. Bourry, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, G. Mollereau, Grégory Simon, Vincent Mazel, Pierre Tchoreloff, Virginie Busignies, Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Ploufragan - Plouzané, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Virpath-Grippe, de l'émergence au contrôle -- Virpath-Influenza, from emergence to control (Virpath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Swine ,Pharmaceutical Science ,medicine.disease_cause ,Mucosal vaccine ,Injections, Intramuscular ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Virus ,Injections ,03 medical and health sciences ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Antigen ,Orthomyxoviridae Infections ,Immunity ,In vivo ,Pre-clinical evaluation ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,Influenza A Virus ,Animals ,H1N1 Subtype ,Pig ,Intramuscular ,Vaccine tablet ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,Mouth Mucosa ,Virology ,Mucosal vaccination ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Influenza Vaccines ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,[SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology ,Female ,business ,Influenza virus ,Tablets - Abstract
International audience; Liquid vaccine formulations present some disadvantages such as stability problems, cold chain requirement or administration by trained personnel. Vaccine formulated as tablets would present a wide range of progress such as an increase stability that would facilitate the administration, the distribution and the storage of vaccine formulations. This work investigates the possibility to develop a mucosal tablet vaccine for human influenza viruses. The tablets were tested in vitro for biological efficacy and stability and in vivo in swine as a model for influenza A virus immunity. First, the ability to produce by compaction a stable vaccine with a preserved antigen was demonstrated. In a second part, vaccine tablets were used to immunize pigs. After positioning the tablets on the buccal mucosa, the animals were challenged by inoculation of the A/H1N1 pandemic virus. The responses were compared to those observed in animals vaccinated intramuscularly with the commercial liquid vaccine. It was observed signs of priming of the pig's immune system with vaccine tablets, even if the immune response stayed lower than vaccination by intramuscular route. Thus, we present attractive results that indicate a promising potential for mucosal vaccine tablets.
- Published
- 2018
47. Bias detection: Response confidence evidence for conflict sensitivity in the ratio bias task
- Author
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Mathieu Cassotti, Wim De Neys, Nicolas Poirel, Grégory Simon, Sandrine Rossi, Katell Mevel, and Olivier Houdé
- Subjects
Cued speech ,Generality ,Empirical research ,Heuristic ,Bias detection ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Psychology ,Heuristics ,Social psychology ,Task (project management) - Abstract
Human reasoning is often biased by heuristic thinking. A key question is whether people detect that their heuristic answer conflicts with logical considerations. Empirical studies suggest that the detection is typically successful but the generality of these findings has been questioned. The present study focuses on this issue. A response confidence measure was used to validate conflict sensitivity findings in the classical ratio bias task and identify individual differences in conflict detection efficiency. Participants were asked to indicate how confident they were after solving problems for which a cued heuristic response could be inconsistent or consistent with the correct response. Results confirmed that most reasoners showed a confidence decrease when they were biased, suggesting that they acknowledge that their intuitive answers are not fully warranted. However, there were also subgroups of reasoners who failed to show a confidence effect. Implications for the debate on conflict detection during th...
- Published
- 2014
48. Inhibition, conflict detection, and number conservation
- Author
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Olivier Houdé, Wim De Neys, Amélie Lubin, and Grégory Simon
- Subjects
Mathematical development ,General Mathematics ,Cognition ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Education ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The acquisition of number conservation is a critical step in children’s numerical and mathematical development. Classic developmental studies have established that children’s number conservation is often biased by misleading intuitions. However, the precise nature of these conservation errors is not clear. A key question is whether conservation errors result from a failure to inhibit the misleading intuitions or from a failure to detect that these intuitions are erroneous in the first place. The present paper focuses on this fundamental conservation error or conflict sensitivity issue. We review behavioral and neuroimaging work that suggests that non-conserving preschoolers detect that their response is questionable and are less ignorant about conservation than their well-documented errors might have previously suggested.
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- 2014
49. How do high- and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations modulate the temporal cortex
- Author
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Grégory Simon, Clément Nathou, Olivier Etard, and Sonia Dollfus
- Subjects
Cognitive Neuroscience ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Stimulation ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Temporal lobe ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental Neuroscience ,medicine ,Evoked potential ,Prefrontal cortex ,Biological Psychiatry ,Temporal cortex ,Sensory gating ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,General Neuroscience ,Neuromodulation (medicine) ,030227 psychiatry ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Few studies have examined the impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the cortical excitability of nonmotor cortices; current treatments often target the temporal or prefrontal cortex. We used auditory evoked potentials recorded in 24 healthy subjects to evaluate the neuromodulatory effects of low- and high-frequency rTMS in the temporal lobe. Both auditory evoked potential P50 amplitude, a marker of cortical excitability, and P50 ratio, a marker of sensory gating known to be impaired in patients with auditory verbal hallucinations, were compared before and after rTMS. We observed a similar effect after both stimulation frequencies, with a decrease in P50 amplitude and no significant effect on P50 ratio. Low- and high-frequency rTMS applied to the temporal lobe seemed to exert the same cortical neuromodulation effect, while auditory sensory gating may not be modulated by temporal rTMS.
- Published
- 2014
50. Folding of the anterior cingulate cortex partially explains inhibitory control during childhood: A longitudinal study
- Author
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Clara Fischer, Arnaud Cachia, A. Pineau, J.-F. Mangin, Olivier Houdé, Grégory Simon, Nicolas Poirel, Julie Vidal, Grégoire Borst, Laboratoire de psychologie du développement et de l'éducation de l'enfant (LaPsyDÉ - UMR 8240), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Société d'Etudes et de Recherches de l'ENSAM (SERAM), ENSAM ANGERS, Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur (LNAO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
- Subjects
Male ,Longitudinal study ,Child Behavior ,[SCCO]Cognitive science ,Executive Function ,0302 clinical medicine ,Inhibitory control ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Language ,Original Research ,Brain Mapping ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:QP351-495 ,Cognition ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Sulcal pattern ,Inhibition, Psychological ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Memory, Short-Term ,Child, Preschool ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Cognitive control ,Female ,Stroop ,Psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Brain imaging ,Affect (psychology) ,Gyrus Cinguli ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,050105 experimental psychology ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neuroimaging ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Working memory ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,stomatognathic diseases ,lcsh:Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ,nervous system ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Stroop effect - Abstract
Highlights • Difficulties in cognitive control are related to several psychiatric conditions. • Inhibitory control (IC) of children predicts academic and professional successes. • ACC sulcal patterns at age 5 were related to IC efficiency at age 5 (Stroop scores). • ACC sulcal patterns at age 5 explained IC efficiency at age 9 (Stroop scores). • ACC sulcal patterns constrain IC efficiency during childhood., Difficulties in cognitive control including inhibitory control (IC) are related to the pathophysiology of several psychiatric conditions. In healthy subjects, IC efficiency in childhood is a strong predictor of academic and professional successes later in life. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is one of the core structures responsible for IC. Although quantitative structural characteristics of the ACC contribute to IC efficiency, the qualitative structural brain characteristics contributing to IC development are less-understood. Using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether the ACC sulcal pattern at age 5, a stable qualitative characteristic of the brain determined in utero, explains IC at age 9. 18 children performed Stroop tasks at age 5 and age 9. Children with asymmetrical ACC sulcal patterns (n = 7) had better IC efficiency at age 5 and age 9 than children with symmetrical ACC sulcal patterns (n = 11). The ACC sulcal patterns appear to affect specifically IC efficiency given that the ACC sulcal patterns had no effect on verbal working memory. Our study provides the first evidence that the ACC sulcal pattern – a qualitative structural characteristic of the brain not affected by maturation and learning after birth – partially explains IC efficiency during childhood.
- Published
- 2014
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