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Little is known about OCD in people with learning disabilities (LD) in general and in terms of current and professional support. In this study, we examined caregivers' perceived challenges and strategies practiced in institutionalized settings in managing OCD in people with LD and derived implications for research and practice. We studied individual cases of people with LD (n = 7). Each case included group discussions (n = 28) and semistructured interviews with caregivers (n = 20). We used qualitative content analysis to analyze the data. Our findings reveal the following challenges for caregivers: recognizing and classifying ambiguous behaviors, recognizing emotional well-being and needs through nonverbal signals, finding and applying effective strategies, being unqualified regarding additional needs, managing inappropriate institutionalized conditions, and lacking external specialization. We identified five strategies for dealing with compulsive behavior: tolerating and allowing, accepting and supporting, involving, limiting the compulsive act, and stopping the act. Collaboration among psychiatric, therapeutic, and caregivers in institutionalized settings is critical for early identification and support of OCD. Challenges arise from caregivers' lack of training on the additional needs of people with LD and OCD, highlighting the urgent need for disorder-specific guidelines for identification and support.

Objective: While the long-term durability of completely clipped intracranial aneurysms (IA) is excellent, IA with remnants poses a significant risk for future re-growth with subsequent need for long-term follow-up or requirement for retreatment. We aim at reviewing the detection rate of IA remnants after clip ligation in the imaging modalities used to date. Methods: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines using the PubMed/Medline database. The search terms included “intracranial aneurysm” AND “remnant” either in combination with “digital subtraction angiography” OR “computed tomography angiography” OR “indocyanine green video angiography”. Results: The overall observed prevalence of IA remnants after clipping was 5.9 %, 10.9 %, 12.5 %, 14.1 % and 28.3 %, using ICG-VA, intraoperative 2D-DSA, CTA, and 3D-DSA, respectively. In studies comparing all imaging modalities altogether, 3D-DSA performed significantly better (p

This study presents a conceptual replication of Birulés et al.'s (2020, Experiment 2) investigation of native and nonnative listeners' selective attention to a talker's mouth with the goal of better understanding the potentially modulating role of proficiency in listeners' reliance on audiovisual speech cues. Listeners' eye gaze was recorded while watching two short videos. Findings from one of the videos replicated results from the original study, showing greater attention to the talker's mouth among L2 than L1 listeners. In both videos, L2 proficiency modulated attention, with more fixations on the mouth among lower proficiency listeners, an effect predicted but not observed in the original study. Collectively, these laboratory-based findings highlight the role of visual speech cues in L2 listening and present evidence that listeners with more limited proficiency may be especially reliant on such cues. These observations warrant future investigations of the benefits of visual speech cues in instructional and assessment contexts.

In two visual-world eye-tracking experiments, we explore the extent to which conflicting first-language (L1) based grammatical parses influence second-language (L2) learners' on-line and off-line interpretation of sentences in the L2. We used cross-linguistic structural priming to potentially boost competition from the L1 grammar during the processing of wh-questions in English. For L1-German learners (Experiment 1), sentence-final interpretations showed effects of conflicting L1 parses in the greater number of misinterpretations of English subject as object wh-questions than vice versa. In a follow-up experiment with a comparison group of L1-Japanese learners (Experiment 2), we found the reverse pattern in sentence-final interpretations, with lower accuracy on English object than subject wh-questions. The asymmetry in comprehension accuracy between Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that the effect observed among L1-German learners reflected grammar competition from the L1 rather than general L2 effects. In both experiments, we observed cross-linguistic priming from L1 object questions to L2 object questions in on-line processing. Yet, cross-linguistic priming did not enhance competition from L1 object questions on L2 subject questions in Experiment 1 as reflected in comprehension accuracy or eye-gaze during processing. Together, these findings present evidence of cross-linguistic structural priming for equivalent interpretations (object-object), but indicate that priming does not extend to competing L1 interpretations of word-order equivalent structures cross-linguistically (object-subject). We suggest that interference from conflicting L1-based grammatical parses is narrowly delimited in intermediate to advanced L2 sentence processing.

Abstract Objective To evaluate magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) for the longitudinal assessment of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Methods Prospective examination of twelve CIDP patients by neurological assessment, MRN, and nerve conduction studies in 2016 and 6 years later in 2022. Imaging parameters were compared with matched healthy controls and correlated with clinical and electrophysiological markers. The MRN protocol included T2‐weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), T2 relaxometry, and magnetization transfer imaging (MTI). Results Nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) was increased in CIDP patients compared to controls (plexus: p = 0.003; sciatic nerve: p

Abstract Background Healing of intracranial aneurysms following endovascular treatment relies on the organization of early thrombus into mature scar tissue and neointima formation. Activation and deactivation of the inflammation cascade plays an important role in this process. In addition to timely evolution, its topographic distribution is hypothesized to be crucial for successful aneurysm healing. Methods Decellularized saccular sidewall aneurysms were created in Lewis rats and coiled. At follow-up (after 3 days (n = 16); 7 days (n = 19); 21 days (n = 8)), aneurysms were harvested and assessed for healing status. In situ hybridization was performed for soluble inflammatory markers (IL6, MMP2, MMP9, TNF-α, FGF23, VEGF), and immunohistochemical analysis to visualize inflammatory cells (CD45, CD3, CD20, CD31, CD163, HLA-DR). These markers were specifically documented for five regions of interest: aneurysm neck, dome, neointima, thrombus, and adjacent vessel wall. Results Coiled aneurysms showed enhanced patterns of thrombus organization and neointima formation, whereas those without treatment demonstrated heterogeneous patterns of thrombosis, thrombus recanalization, and aneurysm growth (p = 0.02). In coiled aneurysms, inflammation markers tended to accumulate inside the thrombus and in the neointima (p

Successful listening in a second language (L2) involves learning to identify the relevant acoustic-phonetic dimensions that differentiate between words in the L2, and then use these cues to access lexical representations during real-time comprehension. This is a particularly challenging goal to achieve when the relevant acoustic-phonetic dimensions in the L2 differ from those in the L1, as is the case for the L2 acquisition of Mandarin, a tonal language, by speakers of non-tonal languages like English. Previous work shows tone in L2 is perceived less categorically (Shen and Froud, 2019) and weighted less in word recognition (Pelzl et al., 2019) than in L1. However, little is known about the link between categorical perception of tone and use of tone in real time L2 word recognition at the level of the individual learner. This study presents evidence from 30 native and 29 L1-English speakers of Mandarin who completed a real-time spoken word recognition and a tone identification task. Results show that L2 learners differed from native speakers in both the extent to which they perceived tone categorically as well as in their ability to use tonal cues to distinguish between words in real-time comprehension. Critically, learners who reliably distinguished between words differing by tone alone in the word recognition task also showed more categorical perception of tone on the identification task. Moreover, within this group, performance on the two tasks was strongly correlated. This provides the first direct evidence showing that the ability to perceive tone categorically is related to the weighting of tonal cues during spoken word recognition, thus contributing to a better understanding of the link between phonemic and lexical processing, which has been argued to be a key component in the L2 acquisition of tone (Wong and Perrachione, 2007).

(1) Background: Most intracranial aneurysms (IAs) can be treated either with microsurgical clipping or endovascular techniques. In a few cases, simultaneous treatment utilizing both modalities in a hybrid operation room may be favorable. This study analyzes the indication and benefits of a true hybrid approach (tHA) that combines simultaneous endovascular and microsurgical procedures for treatment of IAs in one session. (2) Methods: All patients receiving a true hybrid procedure between 2010 and 2022 in our institution were included. Demographic characteristics, neurological symptoms, pre-interventional treatments, angiographic findings, and postoperative clinical and radiological outcomes were analyzed. Results are discussed in the light of a systematic literature review on reported true hybrid procedures for IA treatment. (3) Results: In total, 10 tHAs were performed. Of these, coiling and concomitant decompressive craniectomy or hematoma evacuation was performed on six occasions. In two patients, multiple IAs were treated with different modalities during the same procedure. In two patients, intraoperative conditions did not allow for complete IA clipping, and the remnant was coiled in the same session. The review of the literature revealed nine papers comprising 58 IAs treated with a tHA. (4) Conclusions: The need for a tHA for IA treatment is rare and limited to highly selective cases. In our experience, tHAs have been most valuable in an emergency setting concerning ruptured IAs. Furthermore, tHAs may also be considered in patients with multiple aneurysms in different vascular territories.

Für eine gelingende Umsetzung schulischer Inklusion gilt eine professionelle Weiterbildung der Lehrkräfte und des weiteren Schulpersonals als unverzichtbare Voraussetzung, um eine effektive Teamarbeit sowie die Einbindung von Eltern[i] in Erziehungs- und Bildungsprozesse zu gewährleisten. Im Projekt BiFoKi[ii] (Bielefelder Fortbildungskonzept zur Kooperation in inklusiven Schulen) wurde eine Fortbildungsmaßnahme für inklusive Schulen entwickelt, die sowohl die intrainstitutionelle Kooperation innerhalb der Schule als auch die interinstitutionelle Zusammenarbeit mit den Eltern der Schüler*innen mit und ohne sonderpädagogischen Unterstützungsbedarf adressiert. Die Fortbildung zielt u.a. darauf ab, durch eine im Jahrgangsteam gemeinsam geplante und verantwortete Elternarbeit eine einladende Atmosphäre zu schaffen, Kommunikationswege an diverser werdende Bedarfe der Eltern und der Schüler*innen anzupassen und Eltern stärker in schulische Bildungsprozesse einzubeziehen. Zur Evaluation der Fortbildung wurde eine quasi-experimentelle Studie mit einem Prä-Post-Kontrollgruppendesign realisiert. Längsschnittliche Daten liegen für 55 Lehr- und Fachkräfte vor. Die Ergebnisse der varianzanalytischen Auswertung zeigen, dass sich die Einschätzungen zur Kooperationsbereitschaft der Eltern sowie das selbstberichtete Kooperationsverhalten im Bereich der Erziehungs- und Bildungskooperation in der Interventionsgruppe nach der Teilnahme an der Fortbildung signifikant positiver entwickelt hat als in der Kontrollgruppe. [i] Mit dem Begriff Eltern sind hier alle erziehungs- bzw. sorgeberechtigten Personen gemeint. [ii] Hinweis zur Finanzierung: Das diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegende Vorhaben BiFoKi (Bielefelder Fortbildungskonzept zur Kooperation in inklusiven Schulen) wurde mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung unter dem Förderkennzeichen 01NV1732in der Förderlinie „Qualifizierung der pädagogischen Fachkräfte für inklusive Bildung“ gefördert (Projektleitung: Birgit Lütje-Klose, Elke Wild, Julia Gorges und Phillip Neumann). Abstract To implement inclusive education successfully, it is crucial that teachers and other school staff are trained to cooperate effectively as a team and to involve parents in educational processes. In the project BiFoKi (Bielefeld Training on Cooperation in inclusive), we developed an in-service training for inclusive schools that addresses the intra-institutional cooperation within schools and the inter-institutional cooperation with the parents of students with and without special educational needs. The training aims to prepare grade-level teams to create a welcoming atmosphere, adapt communication ways to the diverse needs of parents and students and to involve parents more strongly in school educational processes. To evaluate the effectiveness of the training, a quasi-experimental study with a pre-post control group design was implemented. Longitudinal data is available for 55 teachers and other professionals. The results indicate that the intervention group demonstrated a more positive development in terms of satisfaction with parents' willingness to cooperate as well as self-reported cooperative behavior in the area of educational cooperation, compared to the control group.

IntroductionBlood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier dysfunction is pivotal for diagnosing immune-mediated neuropathies, especially in spinal nerve root inflammation. Typically, either total CSF protein or the CSF to serum albumin ratio (QAlb) is measured. Total CSF protein measurements have limitations, notably its fixed reference value regardless of age, in contrast to the age-dependent reference for QAlb. Our goal was to evaluate both markers in patients with immune-mediated neuropathies.MethodsIn our multicenter research, we collected retrospective CSF data from patients suffering from immune-mediated neuropathies across four German research centers. These parameters were analyzed in relation to their clinical characteristics.ResultsOut of 419 samples, 36 (8.6%) displayed a notable variation between total CSF protein and QAlb values. A detailed analysis revealed that patients displaying elevated QAlb but normal total CSF protein levels were significantly younger at disease onset (p = 0.01), at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.005), and when undergoing lumbar puncture (p = 0.001) compared to patients with elevated CSF protein and normal QAlb levels. These effects were especially evident for the subgroup of samples derived by female patients.DiscussionOur work confirms the crucial role of QAlb in diagnosing immune-mediated neuropathies and particularly its efficacy as a marker for evaluating the blood-CSF barrier in patients with an earlier disease onset. Considering the significance of the albumin quotient, its assessment is especially advisable in younger patients of female sex to avoid missing a potential barrier dysfunction that might be falsely negative when using total protein.