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Background: Tooth extraction, changing dentition and malocclusion can decrease area of occlusal contact and negatively affect masticatory efficiency. Aim of this study was to evaluate difference in masticatory efficiency in association with previously named factors. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study masticatory efficiency parameters (number of particles, mean diameter and mean surface of particles) determined with optical scanning method were compared between children with healthy dentition (12 girls, 12 boys, age 3 to 14) and children with lost antagonistic contacts due to tooth extraction, changing dentition and malocclusions (12 girls, 12 boys, age 3 to 14). Results: Number of chewed particles is significantly higher in a group of children with healthy dentition (p < 0.001), and chewed particles’ mean diameter and surface are significantly higher in the Group 2 (p < 0.001 ; p < 0.001). Number of lost occlusal contacts is not in correlation with masticatory efficiency parameters (p= 0.464 ; p= 0.483 ; p= 0.489). Conclusions: Children with lost antagonistic contacts have an impaired masticatory efficiency in comparison to children with complete dentition, but there is no difference regarding the aetiology of contact loss.

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of autoinflammatory/autoimmune diseases that affects the spine and peripheral joints. Involvement of the cervical spine correlates with occurrence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-23, IL-17A, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are significantly involved in the immunopathogenesis of SpA, and inflammation is one of the causes of TMDs. We hypothesised that internal derangement (ID) of temporomandibular joints (TMJs), as the most frequent TMDs in patients with SpA, could be associated with salivary pro-inflammatory markers and clinical activity of axial SpA, measured with laboratory methods or rheumatological indexes. If a statistically significant difference in the concentration of salivary IL-23, IL-17A or TNF-α exists between patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic ID and patients without TMDs, the diagnostic accuracy of certain cytokine(s) for ID can be calculated. The diagnostic accuracy of the cytokine(s) could emphasise the inflammatory background of ID and possibly broaden therapeutic approaches for symptomatic ID in patients with SpA with biological drugs in addition to the routine application of occlusal splint and/or physical therapy.

Background: Deep carious lesions have a detrimental effect on the structural integrity of the tooth and can cause pain in response to mechanical stimuli during mastication. For this reason, it is expected that caries reduces masticatory function. This study aimed to compare masticatory efficiency between children with and without diagnosed deep carious lesions. Participants and methods: The study included 48 participants (24 male, 24 female) aged from 3 to 14 years. Participants were divided into two groups ; the first group included 24 children with healthy dentition, and 24 children paired by age and gender with bilateral deep carious lesions (ICDAS 4, 5 or 6) were included in the second group. Image program (NIH, LOCI, University of Wisconsin, USA) was used for the particle size analysis ; particles were obtained by chewing a standardized silicone bolus sample through 20 masticatory cycles. Results: There is a significant difference in chewed particle diameter (2.330 ± 0.754 mm vs. 5.072 ± 3.009 mm, p=0.0001, Mann-Whitney test) and surface (5.855 ± 4.041 mm2 vs. 23.675 ± 19.483 mm2, p=0.00005, Mann-Whitney test) between the two groups. Moreover, the mean chewed particle diameter of children with healthy dentition is smaller than the masticatory normative index (MNI = 4 mm) which indicates adequate mastication while children with diagnosed bilateral deep carious lesions have a mean particle diameter greater than MNI and thus have inadequate mastication. Conclusions: Children with diagnosed bilateral deep carious lesions have a decreased masticatory efficiency in comparison to children with healthy dentition, which confirms the necessary need for caries treatment in all teeth despite the dentition.

SVRHA RADA: Analiza povezanosti biomarkera seruma i sline s temporomandibularnim poremećajima (TMP) i sistemskom upalom kod reumatoidnog artritisa (RA). MATERIJALI I METODE: Uzorak je činilo 60 ispitanika u dobi 32 – 65 godina (medijan 53 ; 82 % žena). Uzorak je stratifi ciran po bolesti (30 s RA-om i 30 bez RA-a). U slini i serumu analizirani su antiinfl amatorni interleukin-4 (IL-4), proinfl amatorni interleukin-18 (IL-18) te interferon gama (IFN-γ), dok su u serumu dodatno analizirani kalcij, magnezij, fosfati, urati, alkalne fosfataze (ALP), alanin-aminotransferaze (ALT), aspartat- aminotransferaze (AST) i gama-glutamiltransferaze (GGT). Analiza TMP-a prema fi zikalnoj dijagnozi, psihološkom statusu i psihosocijalnoj disfunkciji rađena je pomoću internacionalnog dijagnostičkog kriterija za istraživanje temporomandibularnih poremećaja (DKI/TMP). REZULTATI: Uzorci pacijenata oboljelih od RA-a imaju više razine salivarnog IL-4, serumskog AST-a, ALT-a i GGT-a te niže razine kalcija (p0, 045). Razine serumskih i salivarnih biomarkera ne koreliraju s prisutnošću TMP-a, orofacijalne boli, somatizacije i depresije. Viša je prevalencija TMP-a kod pacijenata s RA-om nego u kontrolnoj skupini (43 vs. 27 %). Veće razine orofacijalne boli, somatizacije i depresije su kod pacijenata s RA-om u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu (p0, 018). ZAKLJUČAK: TMP je češći kod pacijenata s RA-om, dok su razine salivarnih i serumskih biomarkera povezanije s RA- om nego TMPom. Povišene razine IL-4 te niže razine kalcija upućuju na utjecaj lijekova – smanjenje stvaranja proinfl amatornih faktora te smanjena razgradnja kosti. Povišena razina jetrenih enzima upućuje na potencijalni učinak RA-a na jetru ili hepatotoksičnost lijekova koji se upotrebljavaju pri terapiji RA-a.

CILJ: Reumatoidni artritis (RA) je kronična, upalna autoimuna bolest koju karakteriziraju simetrični, periferni poliartritis i bol. Cilj je bio analizirati prediktivnu vrijednost artralgije temporomandibularnog zgloba (TMZ) u RA. MATERIJAL I METODE: Studija kontrole slučaja uključila je 80 ispitanika (u dobi 33-73 godine ; 88% žene) ; 40 s RA i 40 kontrola bez RA. Ispitanici su uzastopno odabrani iz populacije pacijenata koji su posjetili specijaliziranu bolnicu za medicinsku rehabilitaciju radi dijagnostike, liječenja ili rutinskog fizičkog pregleda. Dijagnozu RA postavio je reumatolog. Analiza je uključivala povijest bolesti, klinički pregled na TMD i skalu stupnjevane kronične boli. U statističkoj analizi korišteni su Fischerov test i višestruka logistička regresija. REZULTATI: U univarijatnoj analizi RA je bio češće prisutan u ispitanika starijih od 55 godina nego mlađih (67 naspram 40% ; p=0, 037), u žena nego muškaraca (51 naspram 44% ; nije značajno), ispitanika s bolovima u licu nego bez boli (74 prema 40 ; p=0, 013) ; s većim nego niskim intenzitetom boli (77 naspram 45 ; nije značajno) i s TMZ artralgijom nego bez (82 naspram 45 ; p=0, 048). U višestrukoj logističkoj regresijskoj analizi, artralgija TMZ i dob ≥55 godina bili su prediktori RA, kada se kontroliraju učinci spola i intenziteta boli. Izgledi za RA bili su 6, 4 puta veći u osoba s artralgijom TMZ (95% CI 1, 1-37, 1 ; p=0038) i 3, 9x veći u osoba starijih od 55 godina (95% CI 1, 4-10, 8 ; p=0, 009) . ZAKLJUČAK: Artralgija TMJ je jak prediktor RA, ali ne i intenziteta boli lica.

Background This study aimed to investigate the use of dentures made after tooth extractions under general anesthesia and the factors that may contribute to patients’ compliance. Participants and methods The study included all patients who had their dentures done after extractions under general anesthesia in the Department of Paediatric Dentistry of CHC Rijeka from May 2019 to September 2021 ; it included 14 participants (9 male, 5 female) aged between 5 and 8 years old. Results 93.3% of tooth loss was due to dental caries, and 6.67% was due to dental trauma. On average, dentures replaced 5.39 teeth (min 2, max 10). 6 participants wore dentures in both jaws, and 8 in only one. 7 out of 14 participants still wear dentures. The average time of denture usage is 350.83 ± 286.38 days. There was no significant difference in age, sex, number of controls and maintainers’ repairs, number and type of teeth replaced, jaw, and type of maintainer between the two groups (group 1: patients who still wear their denture, group 2: patients who stopped wearing it). Conclusions Since there is no significant difference in the listed factors, patient compliance and motivation of both patients and their parents could be the main factor that influences the usage of dentures. Considering the great importance of denture wearing after extraction of primary teeth (space maintaining, restoring esthetic, phonetic, and masticatory function) further research is needed to investigate children’s compliance with their usage.

Introduction: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory diseases, which occur under the influence of the environment in genetically predisposed individuals. It affects the spine, peripheral joints and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is also a heterogeneous group of inflammatory or degenerative TMJ diseases, which cause TMJ pain or masticatory dysfunction. Predisposing factors for TMD include parafunctional habits, emotional stress, anxiety, and depression. Inflammation is one of the most common causes of TMD. Aim of the study: To diagnose and determine the frequency of disc displacement and healthy TMJ in patients with SpA, to determine matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP- 3) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in saliva and to compare general clinical features, disease activity parameters and functional status of patients, as well as laboratory parameters between study groups. Patients and methods. SpA patients aged 18 to 75 years we enrolled in a prospective observational study. Exclusion criteria in the study were the diagnoses of other reumatic diseases, acute infection, malignancy, grade III and IV heart failure, grade IV and V renal failure and significant liver lesion. A rheumatologist assessed current SpA activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASDAI ; the number of aching and swollen joints out of 68 or 66 joints, respectively ; pain intensity, analog visual scale from 1 to 100 of 100 mm ; duration of morning stiffness, minutes) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). A doctor of dental medicine performed clinical examination of TMJ according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder, DC / TMD, which consists of axis I (Clinical Examination) and axis II (Symptom Questionnaire including a) List of Oral Adverse Habits ; b) General Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7 ; c) Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-15 ; d) Physical Symptoms, Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9 for Depressive Disorder and Demographics). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein and antistreptolysin-O titre were analyzed usingautomated analyzator, whereas TNF-α and MMP-3 were quantified using ELISA. Results: 185 patients with SpA met the entry criterion, and 58 patients were excluded due to the exclusion criteria, while 7 patients did not want to participate in the study. 120 patients were examined, 50 of whom had healthy TMJ (41.7%), 45 patients had DD with reduction (37.5%), and 25 patients had other or overlapping TMJ diseases (20.8%). Patients with DD had higher values of ESR (P=0.01), C-reactive protein (P=0.04), antistreptolysin-O (P=0.03), MMP-3 (P=0.045), physical symptoms of the disease (P=0.000003), depression (P=0.0046) and anxiety (P=0.00009). Other parameters did not differ. Conclusion: SpA patients with DD had a higher degree of inflammation judging by laboratory parameters, salivary MMP-3, physical symptoms of the disease, and points assigned to anxiety and depression, compared to SpA patients with healthy TMJ. Acknowledgement: University of Rijeka supported the study by the grants Uni-ri-biomed-18-110 and Uni-ri-biomed-18-160.

Uvod: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati učestalost izrade i nošenja mobilnih držača prostora te čimbenike koji potencijalno mogu utjecati na prihvaćanje i nošenje držača prostora. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje su uključeni svi pacijenti kojima se u razdoblju od svibnja 2019. do rujna 2021. izradio mobilni držač prostora. To je uključivalo 17 od 1573 pacijenta (11 muškog, 6 ženskog spola) u dobi od 5 do 9 godina. Rezultati: U 90% slučajeva razlog gubitka zuba bio je karijes, a u 10% traumatska ozljeda zuba. Kod 73, 68% ispitanika ekstrakcija se provela pod općom anestezijom, a kod 26, 32% ambulantno. Izrađeni držači prostora nadomještali su prosječno 6, 77 zuba (min 2, max 10). Kod 10 ispitanika izrađen je držač u jednoj čeljusti, a kod 7 u obje čeljusti. Od 17 ispitanika 10 ispitanika i dalje nosi držač prostora. Prosječno vrijeme nošenja držača prostora je 357, 88 ± 257, 84 dana. Između skupine pacijenata koji i dalje nose držač prostora ili su prestali nositi držač prostora jer više nije bio indiciran te skupine pacijenata koji su prestali nositi držač prostora nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika u dobi, spolu, broju kontrola i reparatura i/ili izrade novih držača tijekom nošenja, broju i vrsti zuba koje držač nadomješta, čeljusti u kojoj je izrađen te vrsti. Zaključci: S obzirom da ne postoji razlika u navedenim čimbenicima između dvije skupine, moguće da je glavni razlog prestanka nošenja mobilnih držača prostora neuspjelo privikavanje na mobilni nadomjestak te niža suradljivost i motiviranost pacijenta, ali i roditelja. Međutim, potrebna su daljnja istraživanja kako bi se utvrdio razlog prestanka nošenja.

Uvod: Mnoga predklinička i klinička istraživanja dokazuju da porast pro-upalnih citokina kao što su interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β), IL-6 i tumor nekrotizirajući faktor alfa (TNF-α) u perifernim tkivima ili primarno u centralnom živčanom sustavu, doprinose depresivnom ponašanju bolesnika. HSP70 posreduju u patogenezi velikog depresivnog poremećaja, ali i drugih psihijatrijskih poremećaja, međutim, njegova uloga u posredovanju depresivnog poremećaja u bolesnika s RA nije još istražena. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio odrediti HSP70 u slini bolesnika s RA i korelirati s aktivnošću osnovne bolesti, stupnjem kronične boli, ograničenjem funkcije čeljusti te stupnjem tjeskobe i depresije. Bolesnici i metode: Bolesnici s RA (53), koji su dijagnosticirani i liječeni u reumatološkoj ambulanti bolnice „Thalassotherapia-Opatija“ iz Opatije lijekovima, koji mijenjaju tijek reumatske bolesti po preporukama Hrvatskog i Europskog reumatološkog društva. Aktivnost RA smo mjerili brojem bolnih zglobova (BBZ), brojem otečenih zglobova (BOZ), vizualnom analognom skalom za bol, jutarnjom zakočenošću (JZ), sedimentacijom eritrocita i C- reaktivnim proteinom. Stupanj kronične boli smo procjenili upitnikom GCPSV 2.0, ograničenje funkcije čeljusti ljestvicom JFLS-20, tjeskobni poremećaj upitnikom GAD-7 i depresivno raspoloženje upitnikom PHQ-9 Svi upitnici jesu sastavnice međunarodnih Dijagnostičkih kriterija za temporomandibularni poremećaj. Rezultati: Koncentracija HSP70 u slini nije korelirala sa sedimentacijom eritrocita, C-reaktivnim proteinom, BBZ, BOZ, VAS boli, jutarnjom zakočenošću i stupnjem kronične boli. Međutim HSP70 u slini je korelirao s ograničenjem funkcije čeljusti te depresivnim poremećajem, i granično s anksioznim stanjem. Zaključak: Koncentracija HSP70 u slini bolesnika s RA korelira s ograničenjem funkcije čeljusti i depresivnim poremećajem.

Uvod: Matriksmetaloproteinaza-3 (MMP3) ima sposobnost preinačavanja vezivnog tkiva i cijepanja gotovo svih sastavnica hrskavice. Koncentracija MMP3, u serumu bolesnika s aksijalnim spondiloartritisom (axSpA) raste i korelira s edemom kosti, a u sluznici crijeva sa stupnjem upale. Cilj rada je bio istražiti udio bolesnika s axSpA, koji imaju temporomandibularni poremećaj (TMP) s pomakom diska (PD), odrediti MMP-3 u slini i korelirati s ograničenjem kretnji čeljusti i konvencionalnim mjerama aktivnosti axSpA. Bolesnici i metode: Liječeni bolesnici s axSpA po ASAS kriterijima (engl. Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society) (75) potpisali su pristanak za pregled temporomandibularnog zgloba (TMZ-a) i uzorkovanje krvi. Osnovnu bolest procjenili smo s BASDAI (engl. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index), BASFI (engl.Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index) i fekalnim kalprotektinom, a ograničenje funkcije čeljusti upitnikom JFLS-20, koji je u sastavu Dijagnostičkih kriterija za TMP. Koncentracija MMP3 u slini je određivana ELISA-om. Rezultati: Grupa se sastojala od bolesnika s ankilozantnim (36), psorijatičnim (21) i reaktivnim (18) axSpA. U bolesnika s axSpA je dijagnosticirano 50, 7% (38) bolesnika s PD, 16% (12) bolesnika s osteoartritisom i 30, 7% (23) bolesnika sa zdravim TMZ. PD je bio zastupljen u ankilozantnom, psorijatičnom i reaktivnom axSpA sa 66, 7%, 57%, odnosno 33, 3%. Koncentracija MMP3 u slini se nije razlikovala između bolesnika s PD i zdravim TMZ- om. Bolesnici s PD imali više bodova dodjeljenih JSFL-20 upitnikom [0, 11 (0 ; 1, 77)], [medijan (25. i 75. percentila)] u odnosu na bolesnike sa zdravim TMZ [0 (0 ; 0)], na račun ograničenja funkcije čeljusti tijekom žvakanja i mobilnosti zgloba. Međutim, koncentracija MMP-3 je pozitivno korelirala s bodovima dodjeljenim po JFLS-20 upitniku ukupno i s ograničenjem funkcije čeljusti tijekom mobilnosti zgloba. Nije bilo korelacije s MMP3, BASDAI, BASFI ili kalprotektina. Zaključci: PD ima oko polovice liječenih bolesnika s axSpA, a među njima su najzastupljeniji bolesnici s ankilozantnim spondilitisom. Stupanj ograničenja čeljusti korelira s koncentracijom MMP-3 u slini bolesnika, i veći je u bolesnika s PD nego u bolesnika sa zdravim TMZ. Međutim njegove vrijednosti ne ukazuju na kronični TMP.

Introduction: Tooth avulsion is a serious dental injury. The blood supply of pulp is interrupted and periodontal ligament cells are exposed to external environment. In this case risk of complications is high. Complications such as pulp necrosis and externalroot resorption are common. In this case reports we described a multiple avulsion of permanent teeth that resulted in complete root resorption. Case reports: A 13-year old female visited a Clinical Hospital Center two day after avulsion of three permanent upper incisors. Teeth were replanted and splinted approximately one hour after injury by oral surgeon in emergency. Splint was rigid and inappropriate placed on gingival margin. Gingival and oral mucosa laceration was present too. In our Clinic first treatment was a correction of rigid splint. After splinting period of 15 days, on teeth 12, 11 and 21 was performed a root canal treatment with obturation with gutta-percha. A X-ray follow-up examination show a external root resorption on all teeth, four months after treatment. Six months later a periradicular surgery was performed. The root resorption was continued and 60 months after injury teeth 12 and 11 was extracted and replacement with space maintainer. Comments: Although the teeth was replanted on the time, sometimes is difficult to prevent a root resorption and loss of teeth.

Cilj: Dentalna estetika, kao nova grana dentalne medicine, postaje sve bitnija u modernom društvu. Ljudi su sve više svjesni svog izgleda, kao i novih materijala i tehnologija u dentalnoj medicini. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je procijeniti utječe li dob na zadovoljstvo dentalnom estetikom. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 700 odraslih osoba (261 muškarac i 439 žena, prosjek 46,2 ± 18,6 godina, medijan 45). Oni su ispunjavali upitnik o zadovoljstvu trenutnim estetskim dentalnim statusom, kao što su zadovoljstvo izgledom, bojom, oblikom i postavom gornjih prednjih zuba. Odgovori su uspoređeni s trenutnim statusom (tip restaurativnog ili protetskoga rada), bojom, veličinom i oblikom gornjih prednjih zuba. Rezultati: Pearsonova korelacija ukazuje da ne postoji statistički značajna povezanost između dobi i zadovoljstva svojim zubima niti na pojedinačnim aspektima niti na generalnoj razini. Zaključak: Iako smo očekivali da će stariji ispitanici biti zadovoljniji izgledom svojih zuba od mlađih, to se nije dogodilo. Vjerojatno je, pospješen medijskim pritiskom, dentalni izgled podjednako važan i mlađim i starijim osobama., Aim: Dental aesthetic as a new part of dental medicine is becoming more important in modern society. People are becoming more conscious of their looks, as well as new materials and techniques in dental medicine. The aim of this study was to assess whether age affects the satisfaction of dental aesthetics. Methods: The study population consisted of 700 adults (261 men and 439 women; mean age 46.2 ± 18.6 years, median 45). They completed a questionnaire regarding satisfaction with current dental esthetics issues, such as satisfaction with tooth appearance, color, shape and alignment of maxillary anterior teeth. The answers were compared with the current status (type of the restorative or prosthetic appliance), color, size and the shape of the maxillary anterior teeth. Results: The Pearson correlation showed that there were no statistically significant differences between age and satisfaction with dental aesthetic. Conclusion: Even we expected that the older participants would be more satisfied with dental aesthetics than younger, it did not happen. Probably due to media pressure, dental appearance is equally important for young and old participants.

Zubni karijes i razina dentalne njege (restorativni indeks) u djece s cerebralnom paralizom Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je procijeniti razinu dentalne njege u djece s cerebralnom paralizom koristeći DMFT/dft indeks (decayed, missing, filled, teeth/decayed, , filled, teeth) i restorativni indeks (RI). U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 43 institucionalizirane djece s cerebralnom paralizom od 6 do 16 godina starosti. Standardnim kliničkim stomatološkim pregledom vršila se inspekcija usne šupljine te se evidentirao DMFT/dft indeks. Kurativna skrb ove populacije procijenila se pomoću RI indeksa. Rezultati su pokazali vrijednost prosječnog DMFT indeksa od 3, 17 i vrijednost dft indeksa od 1, 15. Vrijednost RI indeksa od 0, 20 (20%) za trajne i 0, 08 (8%) za mliječne zube pokazuje da pregledana djeca imaju veći postotak saniranih trajnih zuba u odnosu na mliječne. Komponenta nesaniranog karijesa (D, d) je visoka u obje denticije u odnosu na komponentu ekstrahiranih (M) i ispunom tretiranih zuba (F, f). Ovo ukazuje na lošu kurativnu skrb djece s cerebralnom paralizom koja bez obzira na to što imaju relativno malu prevalenciju karijesa imaju vrlo mali broj saniranih zuba u odnosu na zube koji trebaju sanaciju.

The study was carried out on 500 schoolchildren aged 6 years in Rijeka, Croatia. After lectures on oral hygiene and obtaining a written consent from the parents, a clinical examination was performed by students of final (5th) year. Presence and distribution of dental caries, fillings and missing teeth were recorded in special designed form. Every child received a free oral hygiene set containing and best class with the lowest caries prevalence goes on a trip to eco-village.

Uvod: Oblik zuba važan je čimbenik koji određuje estetsko zadovoljstvo bolesnika izgledom zuba. Prema Williamsu, oblik gornjeg centralnog inciziva povezan je s oblikom lica. Na temelju toga razlikujemo tri osnovna oblika zuba: trokutasti, ovoidni i kvadratasti. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi povezanost između oblika gornjih prednjih zuba i zadovoljstva izgledom. Ispitanici i postupci: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 700 ispitanika obaju spolova koji su zbog dentalnih zahvata dolazili u Kliniku za dentalnu medicinu Kliničkog bolničkog centra Rijeka. Postupak obrade svakog ispitanika sastojao se od ispunjavanja upitnika o estetici koji je sastavljen za potrebe ovoga istraživanja. Za provjeru učinaka oblika zuba na procjenu zadovoljstva napravljeni su jednosmjerni ANOVA testovi. Rezultati: Klinički procijenjeni oblik središnjih i postraničnih sjekutića ima statistički značajan utjecaj na bolesnikovu procjenu zadovoljstva oblikom zubi (p = 0.013; p = 0.025), no ne i oblik očnjaka te generalni oblik svih prednjih zubi. Zaključak: Bolesnici su statistički značajno zadovoljniji izgledom kada imaju trokutaste nego ovoidne središnje i postranične sjekutiće, no nema razlika u zadovoljstvu između onih koji imaju ovoidne i kvadrataste te kvadrataste i trokutaste., Introduction: The shape of the tooth is an important factor in determining patient satisfaction with the appearance of teeth. According to Williams, the shape of the upper central incisors is associated with the shape of the face. On this basis, we can distinguish three basic types of teeth: triangular, ovoid and quadratic. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the shape of the maxillary anterior teeth and the satisfaction with their appearance. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 700 participants of both genders who were scheduled for dental treatment at the Clinic of Dental Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka. The study consisted of completion of the Aesthetic questionnaire especially constructed for this purpose. The effects of teeth shape on the assessment of satisfaction were checked by one-way ANOVA. Results: The clinically evaluated form of side and central incisor has a statistically significant impact on patient well-being as a form of teeth (p = 0.013; p = 0.025), but not the shape of the canines and the general shape of the front teeth. Conclusion: Patients were significantly more satisfied with their appearance when they had a triangular, rather than ovoid central and lateral incisors, with no difference in satisfaction between those with ovoid, square and triangular.

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to investigate factors influencing patient decision of choosing type of treatment for improvement of dental aesthetic. Material and methods: A total of 700 Caucasian subjects participated in the cross- sectional study (261 men, 439 women, aged 18-86 years, mean age 46.2±18.6). Study included clinical examination and self-administrated questionnaire based on self-perceived aesthetic, satisfaction with the appearance of their maxillary anterior teeth and previous dental experience. Multiple logistic regression was used in statistical analysis. Results: Hiding teeth during smile was the most important predictor for choosing fixed prosthetic restorations (OR 9.1), followed by self-perceived bad fixed prosthesis, malpositioned teeth and female gender (OR 2.9, 2.4, and 1.5, respectively). The increase of satisfaction with dental appearance and previous orthodontic therapy reduced chances for seeking prosthetic therapy (each OR 0.4). The significant predictors for choosing bleaching were hiding teeth during smiling, already done bleaching, female gender, lower levels of satisfaction with dental appearance and the absence of the previous orthodontic therapy (OR 5.8, 2.4, 1.8, 0.5 and 0.4, respecitively). Hiding teeth during smile, self-perceived malposition and crowding, and lower levels of satisfaction, were significant predictors for choosing orthodontic treatment (OR 3.1, 2.4, 2.2 and 0.6, respectively). None of current dental statuses was statistically significant predictor for choosing prosthodontic, bleeching nor orthodontic therapy. Conclusion: The psychological elements and female gender are main predictors of seeking dental therapy. Understanding the prevalence of dissatisfaction of present aesthetic and desired treatments for the improvement of esthetic can be a guide for strategies for intervention to improve esthetic.

Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi utječu li kognitivne sposobnosti na funkcije žvačnog sustava kod djece sa cerebralnom paralizom. U ispitivanje bilo je uključeno četrdeset i troje djece sa cerebralnom paralizom i s različitim stupnjem ošte}; ; enja središnjeg živčanog sustava u dobi od 6 do 16 godina i s ozubljenim čeljustima. Ispitana je njihova žvačna učinkovitost, služe}; ; i se testom prosijavanja. Podatci o kognitivnoj sposobnosti preuzeti su iz medicinske dokumentacije ispitanika s Klinike za pedijatriju Kliničkog bolničkog centra u Rijeci. Ispitanici su bili podijeljeni u dvije skupine. Prvu skupinu ispitanika činila su djeca s teškom i dubokom mentalnom retardacijom. Djeca bez mentalne retardacije i s blagom mentalnom retardacijom činila su drugu skupinu. Djece s umjerenom mentalnom retardacijom nije bilo među ispitanicima. Rezultati su pokazali da je razina žvačne učinkovitosti kod djece iz prve skupine s teškom i dubokom mentalnom retardacijom bila niža u usporedbi s djecom iz druge skupine, koju su činila djeca bez mentalne retardacije i s blagom mentalnom retardacijom. Statistički značajna razlika između dviju skupina je nađena kod usporedbe indeksa žvačne učinkovitosti glede stupnja mentalne retardacije (Z= 92, 50 ; p > 0, 001). Zaključilo se da stupanj mentalne retardacije igra jednu od značajnijih uloga u provođenju adekvatne žvačne funkcije.

Cilj istraživanja: Sve donedavno se restaurativna stomatologija bavila uglavnom funkcionalnim zahtjevima. Danas je, uz smanjenje prevalencije karijesa, fokus stavljen na estetiku. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je procijeniti faktore koji utječu na zadovoljstvo bolesnika pojavom gornjih prednjih zuba. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 75 odraslih osoba (29 muškaraca i 46 žena, srednje dobi 25 ± 3,5 godina). Oni su ispunjavali upitnik vezano uz zadovoljstvo trenutnim estetskim dentalnim statusom, kao što su zadovoljstvo izgledom, bojom, oblikom i postavom gornjih prednjih zuba. Odgovori su uspoređeni s trenutnim statusom (tip restaurativnog ili protetskoga rada), bojom, veličinom i oblikom gornjih prednjih zuba. Rezultati: Od 75 ispitanika, njih 40 (53 %) bilo je nezadovoljno svojim izgledom gornjih prednjih zuba. Primarni razlog nezadovoljstva je boja zuba (31 od 40 ispitanika, 77,5 %), zatim oblik zuba (26 od 40 ispitanika, 65 %) i loša postava zuba (25 od 40 ispitanika, 62,5 %). Osamdeset posto ispitanika koji su bili nezadovoljni (32 ispitanika), navodi želju za poboljšanjem u izgledu zuba općenito. Značajna pozitivna korelacija dobivena je između zadovoljstva bolesnika izgledom i bojom zuba, omjerom širine/dužine zuba te trenutnim statusom gornjih prednjih zuba (p < 0,001). Zaključak: Zadovoljstvo bolesnika izgledom gornjih prednjih zuba bila je nisko (više od 50 %), stoga estetika mora imati važnu ulogu u liječenju zuba, a boja zuba treba imati posebnu važnost., Aim: Until recently, restorative dentistry considered mostly functional demands. Today, with the decrease in caries prevalence, the focus has shifted toward dental esthetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing patient’s satisfaction with dental appearance of maxillary anterior teeth. Methods: The study population consisted of 75 adults (28 men and 46 women; mean age 25 ± 3.5 years). They completed a questionnaire regarding satisfaction with current dental esthetics issues, such as satisfaction with tooth appearance, color, shape and alignment of maxillary anterior teeth. The answers were compared with the current status (type of the restorative or prosthetic appliance), color, size and the shape of the maxillary anterior teeth. Results: Of the 75 subjects, 40 (53 %) were dissatisfied with their dental appearance. Teeth color was the primary reason for dissatisfaction (31 of 40 subjects; 77.5 %), followed by teeth shape (26 of 40 subjects; 65 %) and poor teeth alignment (25 of 40 subjects; 62.5 %). Eighty percent (32 subjects) of the subjects who were dissatisfied reported the desire for improvement in teeth appearance in general. A significant positive correlation was obtained between the patient’s satisfaction with teeth appearance and color, width/length ratio and current status of the maxillary anterior teeth (p

Svrha ovog istraživanja bila jest utvrđivanje različitosti oralnog i dentalnog zdravlja između zdrave djece i djece sa cerebralnom paralizom (CP). Usporedbom DMFT/dft indeksa utvrđeno je da ne postoji ststistički značajna razlika u morbiditetu između skupine zdrave djece i skupine djece sa cerebralnom paralizom. Zaključno se može utvrditi da postoji potreba za ranijom i bolje organiziranom preventivnom pedijatriskom i dentalno medicinskom zaštitom u ovoj osjetljivoj skupini populacije djece.

Objectives: In this paper a CAD model of a mandible with different density of a mesh structure is presented. Methods: In the first step, on a previously segmented CT model, a 2D mesh was applied. Then, the conversion of tetrahedral elements had followed for the purpose of CAE analysis. On several segments of the mandible, it has been shown the quality of generated mesh in relation to the number of network elements. Results: All the mesh settings are analyzed and shown in the table. The quality of generated mesh is playing a main role in different flavors of a numerical analysis such as FEM - finite element method, FDM - finite difference method, FVM - finite volume method. Number of elements in generated mesh has an important influence on the obtained results. Conclusions: Mentioned methods enable different types of analysis and simulation that can be used in several cases: planning and design of the implant, the analysis of existing clinical status and planning the reconstruction of bone defects, making epithesis and opturators.

Until recently, restorative dentistry considered mostly functional demands. Today, with the decrease in caries prevalence, the focus has shifted toward dental esthetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing patient's satisfaction with dental appearance of maxillary anterior teeth. The study population consisted of 75 adults (28 men and 46 women ; mean age 25 ± 3.5 years). They completed a questionnaire regarding satisfaction with current dental esthetics issues, such as satisfaction with tooth appearance, color, shape and alignment of maxillary anterior teeth. The answers were compared with the current status (type of the restorative or prosthetic appliance), color, size and the shape of the maxillary anterior teeth. Of the 75 subjects, 40 (53%) were dissatisfied with their dental appearance. Teeth color was the primary reason for dissatisfaction (31 of 40 subjects ; 77.5%), followed by teeth shape (26 of 40 subjects ; 65%) and poor teeth alignment (25 of 40 subjects ; 62.5%). Eighty percent (32 subjects) of the subjects who were dissatisfied reported the desire for improvement in teeth appearance in general. A significant positive correlation was obtained between the patient's satisfaction with teeth appearance and color, width/length ratio and current status of the maxillary anterior teeth (p

The paper presents the role of dental assistants work in specialist clinics of pediatric dentistry.

Objective.The objective of this study was to monitor therapeutic response by determing the level of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 in whole unstimulated saliva in patients with denture stomatitis before and after laser phototherapy (LPT). Bakcground. The denture stomatitis (DS) is an inflammatory condition that occurs in subjects who wear denture and it is a common oral mucosal lesion. A potential noninvasive treatment for DS patients is laser phototherapy (LPT). Methods. A sample consisting of 40 consecutive subjects was selected on a voluntary basis from patients who presented for diagnosis and treatment of DS at the Oral Medicine Unit of the Medical Faculty University of Rijeka. The clinical examination was performed according to the standard clinical criteria. Lesions were described as palatal inflammation diagnosed as Newton type II denture stomatitis. The patients were randomly assigned in experimental group (20 patients receiving real LPT) and control group (20 patients receiving inactive/placebo laser). For determination of salivary levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6, ELISA (Sigma Immunochemicals, St Louis MO, USA) was performed. Results. Following treatment with LPT for 4 weeks the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 decreased significantly ( P

The aim of this research was to determine the possible differences in degrees of depression, somatization and anxiety between the acute and chronic female patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and whether these differences exist in healthy female patients. Ninety female patients were involved in this research ; 60 of them were TMD patients of the Dental Polyclinic, while other 30 females came for a rutine recall visit and had no problem related to TMD. Patients were aged 22 to 67 years, the average age being 38.5±12 years. All patients were asked to fill in the RDC/TMD protocol and three psychological tests (Emotions Profile Index, Somatization Scale and life Events Scale). Following the analysis of the RDC/TMD protocol and psychological tests, it was determined that the chronic female patients had higher depression and somatization scores in comparison with the acute patients (p

Temporomandibularnim poremećajem (TMP) nazivamo sva stanja kroničnog orofacijalnog bola nedentalnog podrijetla. Dijagnosti ka TMP-a izuzetno je složena, te najčešće zahti jeva usku suradnju stomatologa, maksilofacijalnih kirurga, rendgenologa, proteti čara, ortodonata, psihijatara, neurofi ziologa, a ponekad i uporabu skupe sofi sti cirane opreme. Uporaba standardiziranog protokola dijagnosti čkih kriterija za istraživanje temporomandibularnih poremećaja (DKI/TMP) ima za svrhu utvrditi prevalenciju kliničkih dijagnoza TMP-a, psihološkog distresa (depresija i nespecifi čni fi zikalni simptomi) i psihosocijalne disfunkcije (stupnjevani kronični bol)., Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a collecti ve term for all chronic orofacial pain of non-dental ethiology. The diagnosti cs of temporomandibular disorders is very delicate and seeks collaborati on between denti sts, maxillofacial surgeons, radiologists, prostheti cs denti sts, orthodonts, psychiatrists, neuropsychiatrists and someti mes the use of sofi sti cated and expensive equipment. The aim of using a standardized protocol of the diagnosti c criteria (RDC/TMD) is to determine the prevalence of clinical diagnoses of the TMD, the prevalence of psychological stress (depression and unspecifi c physical symptoms), as well as the prevalence of psycho-social dysfuncti on (grading of chronic pain).

Temporomandibularni poremećaji su u današnjoj populaciji vrlo učestali i jedan su od glavnih uzroka orofacijalne boli. Uporaba DKI/TMP protokola ima za cilj utvrditi prevalenciju kliničkih dijagnoza, psihološkog distresa i psihosocijalne disfunkcije.

Primjenom metoda konačnih razlika (FDM i FEM) i konačnih volumena (FVM) osigurava se kvaliteta pouzdanosti dobivenih rezultata. Ove metode mogu se implementirati kod izrade implantata, analize postojećeg kliničkog stanja planiranju rekonstrukcije koštanih defekata te izradi opturatora i epiteza.

Svrha istraživanja je bila utvrditi moguće razlike u stupnjevima depresije, somatizacije i anksioznosti u pacijentica s TMP. Dokazano je da pacijenti s TMP pokazuju više vrijednosti na skalama depresije, somatizacije i anksioznosti u usporedbi sa zdravim pacijentima, a to ukazuje da psihološki faktori mogu igrati važnu ulogu u kombinaciji sa smanjenom tolerancijom na bol i povećanom tolerancijom na stres.

This study sets out to examine the prevalence of malocclusion and habits in a group of children with cerebral palsy and to compare it with a control group of healthy children. The presence of anterior open bite was statistically significantly higher in the cerebral palsy group. The presence of posterior crossbite was not significantiy different between the examined groups just as for lingual crossbite. The occurrence of visceral sriallowing, incompetent lips and oral respiration was significantly higher in the cerebral palsy group. The current study cannoi satisiactorily sustain the issue of higher prevalence of posterior and lingual crossbite in children with cerebral palsy because of no significant differences between groups, bui it certainly can for anterioropenbite. The present study also adds to the evidence that there is an increased prevalence of oral breathing, visceral swallowing and lip incompetence in children with cerebral palsy'

Uvod: Kefalometričke analize mogu biti vrlo korisne prilikom mjerenja okluzalne vertikalne dimenzije (OVD) i vertikalne dimenzije fiziološkog mirovanja (RVD).Te analize potvrđuju razliku između ozubljenih i protetski zbrinutih pacijenata. Također, promjene kuteva, prilikom kefalometričkih izmjera, nastaju i kao rezultat starenja pacijenta kao i promjena na kostima te zglobu.Bit studije bilo je ispitati, do u detalje.razliku između mjerenih kuteva kod eugnatih pacijenata i pacijenata sa protetskim radom. Materijali i metode: Mjerenja su obuhvaćala 92 pacijenta koji su bili podijeljeni u radnu i kontrolnu skupinu.Kontrolnu skupinu sačinjavalo je 50 eugnatih pacijenata oba spola bez ijednog protetskog rada.Radnu skupinu sačinjavalo je 42 pacijenta oba spola sa jednim ili više protetskim radom.Kefalometrijske točke zabilježene su na svim ispitanicima te prenesene na milimetarski mjerni papir gdje su vršena mjerenja.Rezultati su obrađeni programom Statistics 5.0 and SPSS 10.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science). Rezultati: Rezultati mjerenja kuteva kefalometrijskom analizom i uspoređivanje radne i kontrolne skupine pokazuju statistički značajnu razliku. Zaključak: Rezultati ovih izmjera pokazuju da nestručno izrađeni i/ili stari protetski rad može uzrokovati promjene na točkama za mjerenje kefalometrijskih kuteva osobito kod pacijenata sa mobilnim protetskim radom kao što je potpuna proteza.

Alveolar bone density changes during the life span. Abutment teeth and the bone around them carry additional load from the lost teeth. The clasp and occlusal rests transfers occlusal forces from them to abutment teeth and their periodontal structures. These can load to increased and decreased alveolar bone density depending on the direction of the forces. Aims: The aim of this study is to assess alveolar bone density changes in removable partial denture wearers dependent on the Kennedy classification. Methods: 50 patients of both genders carriers of RPD were X-rayed twice in period of 3 month for standard retroalveolar radiograph. For calibration on each radiographs copper wedges of different thickness (0, 1-0, 5mm) were used. The radiographs were digitized and the gray levels translated into copper wedges thickness equivalents on 7 regions of interest (ROI) according the Knezović- Zlatarić method. The same ROI were positioned arround abutment teeth on the alveolar bone in both radiographs and the difference were analysed by one way variance test. Results: In the analysed sample 54% was Kennedy class I, 24% was Kennedy class II. Kennedy class III was present in18% of patients carried the RPD, and Kennedy class IV was present in only 4%. There was no statistical difference in the alveolar bone changes dependent on the Kennedy classification (p› 0, 05). Conclusions: The correct planning and axial direction of the transfered forces on abutment teeth, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone did not disraped the physiological balance of bone aposition and resorption resulting in mainted alveolar bone density in the analysed period regardless of the Kennedy classification.

Prikazana je rekonstrukcija koštanih defekata orofacijalne regije. Uporabom novih tehnologija moguće je zadovoljiti funkcijsku i estetsku komponentu.

Aim of research : To determine the prevalence of TMD clinical diagnoses, psychological distress and psychosocial dysfunction using standardized protocol of diagnostic criteria for analysis of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions (RDC/TMD) ; to determine whether acute and chronic patients have more pronounced depression and anxiety in comparison with control, and whether significant stressful event preceded appearance of TMD using psychological tests (Emotions profile index, Somatization scale and Recent life events scale). Methods: Ninety female patients participated in this research – 60 had TMD, while remaining 30 presented a control group. At beginning of research, patients filled out a screening evaluation test to determine position in research group. Next step was RDC/TMD protocol, followed by psychological tests. Results: Patients' age ranged from 22 to 67 years, with average age of 38, 5 ± ; 12 years. In statistical analysis we used descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of distribution fitting for psychological variables, t-test for independent samples, variance analysis and Scheffe post-hoc tests.

The aim of this study was to assess the difference in dental health beetween children with CP (cerebral palsy) and healthy children. 43 children with CP, 28 boys and 15 girls aged between 7 and 16 were included in the study. All of them suffered from quadriplegic CP. Children in control group were choosen by corresponding age and sex, for each child from the examinated group. Clinical inspection of oral cavity was performed with dental mirror and dental probe. It was noted: number of decayed teeth (D), missing teeth (M) and filled teeth (F), shown as DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) index. Caries was registrated on the level of cavitation. Average DMFT index was used for permanent teeth and the average dft index was used for morbidity of primary teeth. The analysis of DMFT index components separately was used for the evaluation of curative care of those two populations. Comparing the results of the DMFT/dft index values there is no statistically significant difference between children with CP and healthy children. Healthy children had statistically significant higher number of filled teeth than children with CP, while in children with CP was higher number of extractions. There is no statistically significant difference between examined and control group regarding component D that show untreated caries. D component of DMFT index is higher than filling and extraction component. This points to unsatisfactory level of curative measures performed in all children. Systematically organized health care for children with disabilities for more than 20 years in Rijeka region achieved results of no significant difference in dental health between children with cerebral palsy and healthy children. Early and well organised preventive care lead by cooperation of pediatric and dental health service is imperative to decrease the level of dental caries in that population.

OBJECTIVE: All-ceramic dental restorations have been extensively applied in prosthodontics in recent years due mainly to their improved esthetics and biocompatibilty ih compared with traditional metal-based prostheses.The use of toughened ceramics such as zirconia has widened the application of ceramics in dentistry. Good tissue tolerance is crucial for dental material usage since those materials come into direct contact with living tissue. AIM: Our study was undertaken to quantify the salivary levels of pro-inflammatory IL-2 and IL-6 in patients with zirconia crowns, compared with patients with amalgam restoration and with age-matched healthy control volunteers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Whole saliva from 20 patients with zirconia crowns, 20 from patients with amalgam restorations as well as from 20 healthy persons, was investigated for the presence of IL-2 and IL-6 by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Salivary IL-2 and IL-6 levels were significantlly increased in patients with amalgam restorations in comparison with patients with zirconia crowns and healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: Saliva provides an ideal medium for the detection of pro-inflammatory markers of the oral cavity. The importance of the proposed analysis is reflected in the fact that the obtained results will enable choice of material which satisfies most of biological requirements. This will decrease the possibility for toxic and allergenic action of prosthodontic and restorative materials on the oral mucosa.

Cilj ovog rada je istražiti postoji li razlika između djece s cerebralnom paralizom (CP) i zdrave djece u odnosu na zdravstveno stanje zuba i funkcionalnost žvačnih jedinica. U djece s CP narušena funkcija mastikatornog aparata uzrokuje otežano žvakanje, a samim time i smanjeno samočišćenje. Zbog otežanog žvakanja dugotrajno se konzumira kašasta hrana što pogoduje pojavi karijesa. Broj funkcionalnih žvačnih jedinica iskazuje broj zdravih zuba i zuba s karijesom u kontaktu s antagonistima koje pacijent može koristiti za žvakanje. Usporedbom KEP/kp (karijes, ekstrakcija, plomba) indeksa pokazalo se ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u morbiditetu zuba između skupina djece s CP i zdrave djece. Zdrava djeca imaju statistički značajno veći broj ispunima saniranih zuba u odnosu na djecu s CP, dok je u djece s CP znatno više zastupljena ekstrakcija. Nisu pronađene statistički značajne razlike između te dvije skupine djece s obzirom na ostale komponente KEP indeksa. Usporedba broja funkcionalnih žvačnih jedinica nije pokazala statistički značajnu razliku u prisustvu funkcionalnih žvačnih jedinica između dvije skupine. Komponenta nesaniranog karijesa više je zastupljena u odnosu na komponente ekstrakcije i saniranja ispunima što ukazuje na nedovoljnu kurativnu skrb kod sve djece. Rana i dobro organizirana pedijatrijsko-stomatološka preventivna skrb za ovu populaciju imperativ je za smanjenje kako oboljenja zuba tako i cijelog stomatognatog sustava te održavanja njegovog zdravlja za ovu ionako rizičnu populaciju.

SAŽETAK Cilj je ovoga rada bio istražiti ima li razlike između djece s cerebralnom paralizom (CP) i zdrave djece, s obzirom na zdravstveno stanje zuba i funkcionalnost žvačnih jedinica. U djece s CP-om, narušena funkcija žvačnoga sustava uzrokuje otežano žvakanje, te posljedično smanjeno samočišćenje. Zbog otežana žvakanja ta djeca dugotrajno jedu kašastu hranu, što pogoduje pojavi karijesa. Broj funkcionalnih žvačnih jedinica pokazuje broj zdravih zuba i zuba s karijesom u kontaktu s antagonistima koje dijete može koristiti za žvakanje. Usporedbom KEP/kp (karijes, ekstrakcija, plomba) indeksa, pokazalo se da u obolijevanju zuba između skupina djece s CP-om i zdrave djece, statistički nema bitne razlike. Dok zdrava djeca imaju statistički zamjetno veći broj ispunima saniranih zuba u odnosu prema djeci s CP-om, u djece s CP-om bitno je zastupljenija ekstrakcija. S obzirom na ostale komponente KEP indeksa, između tih dviju skupina djece nisu ustanovljene statistički bitne razlike. Također, usporedba broja funkcionalnih žvačnih jedinica nije pokazala statistički bitnu razliku vezanu uz funkcionalne žvačne jedinice između navedenih dviju skupina. Komponenta nesaniranoga karijesa zastupljenija je u odnosu prema komponentama ekstrakcije i saniranja ispunima, što ukazuje na nedovoljnu kurativnu skrb u sve djece. Rana i dobro organizirana pedijatrijsko-stomatološka preventivna skrb za djecu s CP-om, imperativ je za smanjenje kako oboljenja zuba tako i cijeloga stomatognatoga sustava, te održavanje njegova zdravlja za tu ionako rizičnu skupinu djece., The purpose of this study was to assess the difference in dental health condition and function of masticatory units among children with cerebral palsy (CP) and healthy children. Altered function of masticatory system in children with CP causes the mastication problems that lead to low level of oral cavity self-cleaning. These conditions cause long-term mushy food consumption which leads to increased caries development. Number of functional masticatory units is the number of sound teeth or teeth with caries lesions in occlusion with antagonists that can be used for mastication. Comparing the results of the DMFT/dft (decayed, missing, filled teeth) index values there is no statistically significant difference between children with CP and healthy children. Healthy children had statistically significant major number of filled teeth than children with CP, while in children with CP was major number of extractions. There is no statistically significant difference between examined and control group regarding other components of DMFT/dft index. Comparison of number of functional masticatory units showed no statistically significant difference between groups. D component of DMFT index which show untreated caries lesions is higher than filling and extraction component. This points to unsatisfactory level of curative measures performed in all children. Early and well organised preventive care lead by cooperation of pediatric and denal health service is imperative to decrease the level of oral and dental diseases aswell as whole masticatory system and for maintainig the good oral health for that population.

The etiology of BMS remains unknown. Role of various cytokines has been implicated in the development of BMS. The aim of this study was to evaluate levels of salivary IL-2 and IL-6 in patients with BMS, compared with age-matched healthy volunteers (control group). Whole saliva from 30 patients with BMS, age range 55–65, was tested for the presence of IL-6 and IL-2 by enzyme immunoassay. Control group consisted of 30 healthy participants, aged 55–65 years. Saliva IL-2 concentrations in BMS were significantly increased in patients compared to healthy subjects: mean 34.1±9.7 versus 7.3±3.0 pg/mL ; P

Smjernice u odabiru umjetnih zuba koje, uz individualni pristup, osobi daju zadovoljavajući estetski rezultat.

Cilj rada je bio opisati etiološke faktore u nastanku temporomandibularnih poremećaja. Oni su mnogobrojni i zaključeno je da je etiologija temporomandibularnih poremećaja multikauzalna i složena.

Multiple sclerosis

Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi zastupljenost temporomandibularnih disfunkcija (TMD) u Veterana Domovinskog rata koji boluju od posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja (PTSP). Isitivanu je skupinu činilo 100 ispitanika muškog spola, sudionika rata s dijagnozom PTSP, a kontrolnu je skupinu činio 94 ispitanika iste dobi i spola koji nisu sudjelovali u ratu i kod kojih je psihijatrijskom dijagnostikom isključen PTSP. Istraživanje se sastojalo od anamnestičog i kliničkog pregleda Anamnestičko ispitivanje provedeno je upitnikom u kojem su ispitanici odgovarali na postavljena pitanja izborom da-ne odgovora. Kliničkim je pregledom procjenjeno stanje čeljusnih zglobova (zvukovi, osjetljivost i bol prilikom palpacije čeljusnog zgloba ) i žvačnih mišića (osjetljivost i bol prilikom palpacije žvačnih mišića), utvrđena je funkcijska sposobnost stomatognatog sustava (maksimalno otvaranje, maksimalna laterotruzijska kretnja u desno i lijevo, te maksimalna protruzija uz registraciju eventualne pojave boli ili zvuka). Statistički značajna razlika utvrđena je u gotovo svim mjerenim parametrima. Oboljeli od PTSP-a značajno češće imaju subjektivne simptome i kliničke znakove TMD. 82% oboljelih od PTSP imalo je najmanje jedan simptom, a 98% najmanje jedan znak disfunkcija u odnosu na 23, 91 odnosno 50% ispitanika kontrolne skupine. Najčešći znak u obje skupine bio je zvuk u temporomandibularnom zglobu (TMZ) i to u 64% ispitanika s PTSP, i 17, 31% ispitanika kontrolne skupine. Statistički značajna razlika postoji i u granicama maksimalno mogućih kretnji jer ispitanici s PTSP znatno češće imaju limitirane kretnje otvaranja, desnog i lijevog lateraliteta te protruzije. Najveće razlike među skupinama odnose se na parametre boli. 52% ispitanika s PTSP imalo je bolne TMZ, odnosno 91% imalo je bolnu najmanje jednu mišićnu lokaciju. Može se zaključiti da postoji povezanost između PTSD i TMD.