1. The impact on colostrum oxidative stress, cytokines, and immune cells composition after SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.
- Author
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Graciliano NG, Tenório MCS, Fragoso MBT, Moura FA, Botelho RM, Tanabe ELL, Borbely KSC, Borbely AU, Oliveira ACM, and Goulart MOF
- Subjects
- Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Cytokines metabolism, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor metabolism, Colostrum metabolism, Case-Control Studies, Hydrogen Peroxide metabolism, Lactation, SARS-CoV-2, Interferon-gamma metabolism, COVID-19 metabolism, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Limited data are available regarding the differences between immunological, biochemical, and cellular contents of human colostrum following maternal infection during pregnancy with coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19)., Objective: To investigate whether maternal COVID-19 infection may affect immunological, biochemical, and cellular contents of human colostrum., Methods: Using a case-control study design, we collected colostrum from 14 lactating women with a previous diagnosis of COVID-19 during pregnancy and 12 without a clear diagnosis during September 2020 to May 2021. Colostrum samples were analysed for some enzymes and non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, MDA, GSH, GSSG, H
2 O2 , MPO) and for IL-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, protein induced by interferon gamma (IP)-10, IL-8, IFN-λ1, IL12p70, IFN-α2, IFN-λ2/3, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFN-β, IL-10 and IFN-γ, along with IgA and IgG for the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. We perform immunophenotyping to assess the frequency of different cell types in the colostrum., Results: Colostrum from the COVID-19 symptomatic group in pregnancy contained reduced levels of H2 O2 , IFN-α2, and GM-CSF. This group had higher levels of GSH, and both NK cell subtypes CD3- CD56bright CD16- CD27+ IFN-γ+ and CD3- CD56dim CD16+ CD27- were also increased., Conclusion: The present results reinforce the protective role of colostrum even in the case of mild SARS-Cov-2 infection, in addition to demonstrating how adaptive the composition of colostrum is after infections. It also supports the recommendation to encourage lactating women to continue breastfeeding after COVID-19 illness., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Graciliano, Tenório, Fragoso, Moura, Botelho, Tanabe, Borbely, Borbely, Oliveira and Goulart.)- Published
- 2022
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