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Between January 1975 and January 1980 we counselled 214 possible or obligatory carriers of haemophilia A in an attempt to provide the counsel they needed and to determine the utility of a probabilistic method of assigning the heterozygous genotype (carrier detection). We found the method of assignment to be quick and easy to use, and the single output (the final probability favouring carriership P(C)) to be understood by most counsellees. The final probabilities obtained were either very high or very low in 80% of the women, which allowed us to give clear counsel in four instances in five. The final probabilities could also be used to relate Mendelian expectation to observation within each of three subsets of women (18 mothers of sporadic haemophiliacs, 78 sisters, and 62 more distant relatives), while the aberrant likelihood ratios of 6/36 (17%) of the obligatory carriers provided an estimate of the false negative diagnostic rate owing to lyonisation. There was no significant age effect on VIII:C or VIIIR:Ag levels of obligatory carriers, and the VIII:C levels of the obligatory carriers who had received the gene from their fathers did not differ from those of the obligatory carriers who had received the gene from their mothers. The ratios of high:low probabilities among the sisters and distant relatives of haemophiliacs conformed to genetic expectation, while the ratio among mothers of sporadic haemophiliacs suggested that their expectations of carriership were greater than 80%. Twenty of the 214 counsellees (9%) were pregnant on the first visit, and 13 of those with low P(C)s (0·0-0·33) went to term and delivered 11 non-haemophilic children. Four with P(C)s between 0·50 and 1·00 requested amniocenteses, and one male was aborted. Three who were obligatory carriers also requested amniocentesis which led to the abortion of a second male. Seven women who were assessed before pregnancy and found to have high P(C)s returned after becoming pregnant. All requested amniocentesis (one twice) and fetoscopy was requested for six of the seven males discovered, one male having been aborted before fetoscopy became available. Of the six males who were fetoscoped, three normal males reached term, one normal male was born prematurely, and one haemophilic male and one normal male did not survive fetoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reports on the Minnesota Multiphasial Personality Inventory (MMPI) changes associated with short-term psychiatric hospitalization. In this study valid MMPI protocols were obtained from 376 male and female patients at the time of their admission to a short-term psychiatric hospital and again at the time of discharge. Analyses of variance indicated that patients improved significantly for all of the MMPI measures. The analyses also indicated that no ward in the study hospital was associated with more patient change than was any other ward.

The article highlights on the measuring of the adjustment of ex-patients in the community, through a comparison of the factor structures of self-ratings and ratings by others. Self-ratings of community adjustment of 464 ex-patients, on a revision of the Katz Adjustment scale, Form R1, were factor analyzed and yielded eight psychologically interpretable factors. Scales were constructed to measure the behavioral dimensions. Through the use of coefficients of congruence and item overlap for factor scales, the factors for the self-ratings (KAS-P1) were compared with previously reported factors for relative ratings (KAS-R1) for the same ex-patients.

The article discusses factor analysis of items on the social introversion and masculinity-femininity scales of the MMPI. Each of the basic clinical and validity scales of the MMPI has been factor analyzed, thus adding considerably to the construct validity of these scales. This procedure has also provided the basis for the selection of items for an abbreviated version of the test, However, two scales that are clinically important have not yet factored. The factor structures suggested by this study are of value only to the extent to which they are generalizable. Although no direct test of factor stability was made, some indirect evidence is provided by the work of Pepper and Strong