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Involving patients as partners in research enables their concerns, perspectives, lived experiences, and priorities to be integrated into research. Involving patient partners improves research processes, outcomes, and translating findings into practice. Although musculoskeletal researchers consider that it is important to involve patient partners, few projects involve them. Researchers who involve patient partners report that the contributions of patient partners are very valuable, and researchers perceive the process to be less challenging than expected. Musculoskeletal research is staring at a significant unrealized opportunity to enhance the quality and impact of research and reduce research waste-think what the field could achieve if researchers and patients worked better together. A culture change is needed so that involving patient partners in musculoskeletal research becomes standard practice, expected and supported by funders, journals, research institutions, and researchers alike.

ObjectiveSeveral factors contribute to the patient experience of gout flares, including pain intensity, duration, frequency, and disability. It is unknown which of these factors are most important to patients when considering flare burden over time, including those related to the cumulative experience of all flares, or the experience of a single worst flare. This study aimed to determine which flare attributes are the most and least important to the patient experience of flare burden over time.MethodsParticipants with gout completed an anonymous online survey. Questions were aimed at identifying which attributes of gout flares, representing both individual and cumulative flare burden, were the most and least important over a hypothetical 6-month period. A best-worst scaling method was used to determine the importance hierarchy of the included attributes.ResultsFifty participants were included. Difficulty doing usual activities during the worst flare and pain of the worst flare were ranked as the most important, whereas average pain of all flares was considered the least important. Overall, attributes related to the single worst gout flare were considered more important than attributes related to the cumulative impact of all flares.ConclusionWhen thinking about the burden of gout flares over time, patients rank activity limitation and pain experienced during their worst gout flare as the most important contributing factors, whereas factors related to the cumulative impact of all flares over time are relatively less important.

In 2011, Ann Rheum Dis published the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the inclusion of patient representatives in scientific projects.1 Patient research partners were defined as ‘persons with a relevant disease who operate as active research team members’.1 The document strongly recommended participation of patient research partners in clinical research projects, and stated that ‘participation of patient research partners should be considered in all phases of the project’. Involvement of at least two patient research partners was recommended.1 It is unknown to what extent these recommendations have been integrated into the design and conduct of rheumatology clinical research since publication a decade ago. This study aimed to determine the involvement of patient research partners in rheumatology clinical trials published in the last 5 years. We analysed all original articles reporting clinical trials published between January 2016 and December 2020 in rheumatology journals with Thomas Reuter’s Impact Factors >3.0 and rheumatology clinical trials in general medical journals with …

2002年及び2003年の南極海の夏季,東部インド洋区のウイルクスランド沖の東経140度線上において,白鳳丸及びタンガロアによる3回の調査航海によって行われたRMT-8(目合: 4.5mm, 開口面積: 8m3)ネット採集によって得られた標本に基づいて,大型動物プランクトン群集構造を調べた.クラスター解析の結果,大型動物プランクトン群集は,南極周極流の南縁(SB-ACC: Southern Boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current)で大きく二つの群集に分けられた.すなわち,SB-ACCの北方では大型動物プランクトン群集は,Salpa thompsoni, Euphausia frigida及びThemisto gaudichaudiiなどのoceanic communityが卓越していた.一方,SB-ACCの南方ではEuphausia superba及びEuphausia crystallorophiasなど大陸寄りに主分布域をもつ動物プランクトンが卓越していた.SB-ACCは,南極海の上記の主要な大型動物プランクトン種の出現の差によって特徴付けられることが示唆された., Field surveys were conducted along 140°E in the Southern Ocean north of Terre Adelie during three cruises: the KH cruise by RV Hakuho Maru, and TC1 and TC2 cruises by RV Tangaroa during the austral summers of 2002 and 2003. Macrozooplankton were sampled using a Rectangular Midwater Trawl (RMT 8: mesh size: 4.5mm; effective mouth area: 8m2) along each transect. Macrozooplankton communities were separated by the Southern Boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (SB-ACC) based on cluster analysis. North of the SB-ACC, macrozooplankton assemblages comprised species of the northern oceanic community characterized by Salpa thompsoni, Euphausia frigida and Themisto gaudichaudii, while south of the SB-ACC, macrozooplankton assemblages were numerically dominated by Euphausia superba and/or Euphausia crystallorophias. It is suggested that the SB-ACC functions as the major biogeographic barrier to separate the macrozooplankton communities, and the contributions of macro- and meso-zooplankton to total zooplankton abundance varies seasonally as well as regionally in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean crossing the SB-ACC.

Gutt, Julian ... et. al.-- 20 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, supporting information http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.12794/suppinfo, A quantitative assessment of observed and projected environmental changes in the Southern Ocean (SO) with a potential impact on the marine ecosystem shows: (i) large proportions of the SO are and will be affected by one or more climate change processes; areas projected to be affected in the future are larger than areas that are already under environmental stress, (ii) areas affected by changes in sea-ice in the past and likely in the future are much larger than areas affected by ocean warming. The smallest areas (, This study is an output of SCAR's ‘Antarctic Thresholds - Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation’ (AnT-ERA) and ‘AntClim21’ programs

International audience; Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea-ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This paper reviews current and expected changes in ASO physical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole-ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to sea-ice characteristics and seasonal dynamics. Lower trophic levels are expected to move south as the ocean conditions in which they are currently found move pole-ward. For Antarctic krill and finfish, the latitudinal breadth of their range will depend on their tolerance of warming oceans and changes to productivity. Ocean acidification is a concern not only for calcifying organisms, but also for crustaceans such as Antarctic krill; it is also likely to be the most important change in benthic habitats over the coming century. For marine mammals and birds, the expected changes primarily relate to their flexibility in moving to alternative locations for food and the energetic cost of longer or more complex foraging trips for those that are bound to breeding colonies. Few species are sufficiently well studied to make comprehensive species-specific vulnerability assessments possible. Priorities for future work are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

By connecting the ocean basins and the upper and lower limbs of the ocean overturning circulation, the Southern Ocean plays a critical role in the global ocean circulation, biogeochemical cycles and climate. Limited observations suggest the Southern Ocean is changing: the region is warming more rapidly than the global ocean average; salinity changes driven by changes in precipitation and ice melt have been observed in both the upper and abyssal ocean; the uptake of carbon by the Southern Ocean has slowed the rate of climate change but increased the acidity of the Southern Ocean; and there are indications of ecosystem changes. However, the short and incomplete nature of existing time series means that the causes and consequences of observed changes are difficult to assess. Sustained, multidisciplinary observations are required to detect, interpret and respond to change. The Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS) will provide the long-term measurements required to improve understanding of climate change and variability, biogeochemical cycles and the coupling between climate and marine ecosystems.

第32回極域生物シンポジウムポスター発表