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4. Effects of low-fat milk and fermented low-fat milk on cholesterol absorption and excretion in ileostomy subjects

Author

Andersson, H., Bosaeus, I., Ellegard, L., Grahn, E., Tidehag, P., Hallmans, G., Holm, S., and Sandberg, A.S.

Subjects
Milk -- Physiological aspects, Cholesterol -- Research, Ileostomy -- Research
Abstract

A study on the influence of low-fat milk and fermented low-fat milk on cholesterol absorption and excretion in ileostomy subjects to understand possible serum cholesterol-lowering mechanism of low-fat milk products revealed that absorption of cholesterol by micro organisms could be the reason for the reduced uptake of cholesterol with fermented milk. The reason for the increase in endogenous cholesterol excretion effected by low-fat milk doubtful.

Published
1995

7. The solute carrier SLC9C1 is a Na+/H+-exchanger gated by an S4-type voltage-sensor and cyclic-nucleotide binding.

Author

Windler, F., Bönigk, W., Körschen, H. G., Grahn, E., Strünker, T., Seifert, R., and Kaupp, U. B.

Abstract

Voltage-sensing (VSD) and cyclic nucleotide-binding domains (CNBD) gate ion channels for rapid electrical signaling. By contrast, solute carriers (SLCs) that passively redistribute substrates are gated by their substrates themselves. Here, we study the orphan sperm-specific solute carriers SLC9C1 that feature a unique tripartite structure: an exchanger domain, a VSD, and a CNBD. Voltage-clamp fluorimetry shows that SLC9C1 is a genuine Na+/H+ exchanger gated by voltage. The cellular messenger cAMP shifts the voltage range of activation. Mutations in the transport domain, the VSD, or the CNBD strongly affect Na+/H+ exchange, voltage gating, or cAMP sensitivity, respectively. Our results establish SLC9C1 as a phylogenetic chimaera that combines the ion-exchange mechanism of solute carriers with the gating mechanism of ion channels. Classic SLCs slowly readjust changes in the intra- and extracellular milieu, whereas voltage gating endows the Na+/H+ exchanger with the ability to produce a rapid pH response that enables downstream signaling events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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17. Holocene environmental change at Lake Njulla (999 m asl), northern Sweden : a comparison with four small nearby lakes along an altitudinal gradient

Author

Bigler, Christian, Grahn, E., Larocque, I., Jeziorski, A., Hall, Roland, Bigler, Christian, Grahn, E., Larocque, I., Jeziorski, A., and Hall, Roland

Abstract

We assess Holocene environmental change at alpine Lake Njulla (68degrees22'N, 18degrees42'E, 999 m a.s.l.) in northernmost Sweden using sedimentary remains of chironomid head capsules and diatoms. We apply regional calibration sets to quantitatively reconstruct mean July air temperature (using chironomids and diatoms) and lake-water pH (using diatoms). Both chironomids and diatoms infer highest temperatures (1.7-2.3degreesC above present-day estimates, including, a correction for glacio-isostatic land up-lift by 0.6degreesC) during the early Holocene (c. 9,500-8,500 cal. yrs BP). Diatoms suggest a decreasing lake-water pH trend (c. 0.6 pH units) since the early Holocene. Using detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA), we compare the Holocene development of diatom communities in Lake Njulla with four other nearby lakes (Lake 850, Lake Tibetanus, Vuoskkujavri, Vuolep Njakajaure) located along an altitudinal gradient. All five lakes show similar initial DCCA scores after deglaciation, suggesting that similar environmental processes such as high erosion rates and low light availability associated with high summer temperature appear to have regulated the diatom community, favouring high abundances of Fragilaria species. Subsequently, the diatom assemblages develop in a directional manner, but timing and scale of development differ substantially between lakes. This is attributed primarily to differences in the local geology, which is controlling the lake-water pH. Imposed on the basic geological setting, site-specific processes such as vegetation development, climate, hydrological setting and in-lake processes appear to control lake development in northern Sweden.

Published
2003
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20. MS2-RNA HAIRPIN (C-10) COMPLEX

Author

Helgstrand, C., primary, Grahn, E., additional, Moss, T., additional, Stonehouse, N.J., additional, Tars, K., additional, Stockley, P.G., additional, and Liljas, L., additional

Published
2007
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22. Crystallographic studies of RNA hairpins in complexes with recombinant MS2 capsids: Implications for binding requirements

Author

Grahn, E, Stonehouse, NJ, Murray, JB, Van, den Worm S, Valegard, K, Fridborg, K, Stockley, PG, Liljas, L, Grahn, E, Stonehouse, NJ, Murray, JB, Van, den Worm S, Valegard, K, Fridborg, K, Stockley, PG, and Liljas, L

Abstract

The coat protein of bacteriophage MS2 is known to bind specifically to an RNA hairpin formed within the MS2 genome. Structurally this hairpin is built up by an RNA double helix interrupted by one unpaired nucleotide and closed by a four-nucleotide loop. W, Addresses: Liljas L, Uppsala Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Box 590, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Mol Biol, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Leeds, Sch Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.

Published
1999

24. MS2 (N87AE89K mutant) - RNA hairpin complex

Author

Horn, W.T., primary, Tars, K., additional, Grahn, E., additional, Helgstrand, C., additional, Baron, A.J., additional, Lago, H., additional, Adams, C.J., additional, Peabody, D.S., additional, Phillips, S.E.V., additional, Stonehouse, N.J., additional, Liljas, L., additional, and Stockley, P.G., additional

Published
2006
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25. MS2-RNA HAIRPIN (2SU -5-6) COMPLEX

Author

Grahn, E., primary, Moss, T., additional, Helgstrand, C., additional, Fridborg, K., additional, Sundaram, M., additional, Tars, K., additional, Lago, H., additional, Stonehouse, N.J., additional, Davis, D.R., additional, Stockley, P.G., additional, and Liljas, L., additional

Published
2006
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26. MS2-RNA HAIRPIN (A -5) COMPLEX

Author

Grahn, E., primary, Moss, T., additional, Helgstrand, C., additional, Fridborg, K., additional, Sundaram, M., additional, Tars, K., additional, Lago, H., additional, Stonehouse, N.J., additional, Davis, D.R., additional, Stockley, P.G., additional, and Liljas, L., additional

Published
2006
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29. MS2-RNA HAIRPIN (2ONE -5) COMPLEX

Author

Grahn, E., primary, Moss, T., additional, Helgstrand, C., additional, Fridborg, K., additional, Sundaram, M., additional, Tars, K., additional, Lago, H., additional, Stonehouse, N.J., additional, Davis, D.R., additional, Stockley, P.G., additional, and Liljas, L., additional

Published
2005
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32. Ms2-RNA Hairpin (C-10) Complex

Author

Helgstrand, C., primary, Grahn, E., additional, Moss, T., additional, Stonehouse, N.J., additional, Tars, K., additional, Stockley, P.G., additional, and Liljas, L., additional

Published
2002
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41. A 12-residue-long polyleucine tail is sufficient to anchor synaptobrevin to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

Author

Whitley, P, Grahn, E, Kutay, U, Rapoport, T A, and von Heijne, G

Abstract

Synaptobrevin is a tail-anchored protein with a hydrophobic C-terminal transmembrane segment that inserts into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane independently of the SRP/Sec61p pathway. Here, we show that idealized hydrophobic segments composed of 11-17 leucines and 1 valine function as insertion signals in vitro, whereas shorter segments do not. These results suggest that there are no specific requirements beyond overall hydrophobicity for C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum insertion signals.

Published
1996

42. Effects of active addition of bacterial cultures in fermented milk to patients with chronic bowel discomfort following irradiation.

Author

Henriksson, Roger, Franzén, Lars, Sandström, Kristina, Nordin, Annika, Arevärn, Mikael, Grahn, Eva, Henriksson, R, Franzén, L, Sandström, K, Nordin, A, Arevärn, M, and Grahn, E

Abstract

Radiotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of malignancies in the pelvis. Consequently, there is usually exposure of the intestine and especially the lower colon and rectum, with ensuing disturbances in bowel habits at different times following radiotherapy. The main problem is diarrhoea associated with lactose intolerance, bile salt absorption and fat malabsorption. Bacterial contamination has also been described. In the present study we have evaluated the influence of the active administration of specific bacterial cultures in fermented milk, which inhibit the growth of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms, to 40 consecutive patients with chronic alteration in their bowel habits caused by previous radiotherapy of pelvic malignancies. The results suggest that intake of fermented milk products could be of value in decreasing chronic bowel discomfort following radiotherapy of pelvic malignancies. However, a more extensive study is warranted in order to very the significance of the results and to find the optimal product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1995
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46. Effects of low-fat milk and fermented low-fat milk on cholesterol absorption and excretion in ileostomy subjects

Author

Andersson H, Bosaeus I, Lasse Ellegård, Grahn E, Tidehag P, Hallmans G, Holm S, and As, Sandberg

Subjects
Adult, Male, Cross-Over Studies, Ileostomy, Middle Aged, Dietary Fats, Diet, Feces, Sterols, Cholesterol, Milk, Intestinal Absorption, Fermentation, Animals, Humans, Female, Aged
Abstract

To study small bowel cholesterol absorption and sterol excretion in order to explain possible serum cholesterol-lowering mechanisms of low-fat milk products.Two 24-h sterol balance studies with 1 litre of low-fat milk or one litre of fermented milk, in random order, added to a controlled diet. [3H]Cholesterol absorption was measured during each period. The results were compared to those on two 24-h periods with isocaloric amounts of lemonade given to the same basic diet, before and after the study. One litre of the two milk products was also consumed in addition to their normal diets in a cross-over design of 3 weeks and with run-in and run-out periods of 2 weeks each with 1000 ml of lemonade preceding the balance studies:Outpatient clinic, where the subjects were eating their meals during the day and ileostomy bags collected.Nine ileostomy subjects, who have earlier participated in similar studies, volunteered for the study. All subjects completed the study.Cholesterol absorption was highest (66%) in the lemonade period, intermediate in the low-fat milk period (61%) and lowest in the fermented low-fat period (55%) (P0.05 for differences). Net cholesterol excretion (excretion minus intake) and calculated endogenous cholesterol excretion were significantly (P0.05 for differences) higher in the low-fat milk period than in the lemonade period and the fermented low-fat milk period. No significant change in serum cholesterol was, however, seen after 3 weeks on each milk regimen.Assimilation of cholesterol by microorganisms could possibly explain the reduced uptake of cholesterol with fermented milk. The mechanism behind the increased endogenous cholesterol excretion, induced by low-fat milk, is unclear.

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