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4. Upper limit on the cosmic-ray photon fraction at EeV energies from the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Aguirre, C., Ahn, E. J., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Argiró, S., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J. J., Beau, T., Becker, B. R., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bernardini, P., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R. E., Busca, N. G., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Carvalho, W., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Chye, J., Clay, R. W., Colombo, E., Conceição, R., Connolly, B., Contreras, F., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., Junior, W. J. M. de Mello, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Fratte, C. Delle, Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J. C., Diep, P. N., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dornic, D., Dorofeev, A., Anjos, J. C. dos, Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., DuVernois, M. A., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferrer, F., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipçiç, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Gámez, D. García, Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Goggin, L. M., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Amaral, M. Gonçalves do, Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Gutiérrez, J., Hague, J. D., Halenka, V., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Healy, M. D., Hebbeker, T., Hebrero, G., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K. H., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D. -H., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kruppke, D., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B. L., Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Leuthold, M., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lucero, A., García, R. Luna, Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Falcon, H. R. Marquez, Martello, D., Martínez, J., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., McEwen, M., McNeil, R. R., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M. I., Miele, G., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, J. C., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Mueller, S., Muller, M. A., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Newman-Holmes, C., Newton, D., Nhung, P. T., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M., Ortiz, M., Ortolani, F., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Pastor, S., Patel, M., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Pichel, A., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., into, T. P, Pirronello, V., Pisanti, O., Platino, M., Pochon, J., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Redondo, A., Reucroft, S., Revenu, B., Rezende, F. A. S., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Riviére, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Martino, J. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C. E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B. B., De Grande, N. Smetniansky, Smiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Smith, B. E., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tarutina, T., Taşcǎu, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tcherniakhovski, D., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Ticona, R., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torres, I., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tuci, V., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Berg, A. M. van den, Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Velarde, A., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A. A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Wileman, C., Winnick, M. G., Wu, H., Wundheiler, B., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., and Ziolkowski, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

From direct observations of the longitudinal development of ultra-high energy air showers performed with the Pierre Auger Observatory, upper limits of 3.8%, 2.4%, 3.5% and 11.7% (at 95% c.l.) are obtained on the fraction of cosmic-ray photons above 2, 3, 5 and 10 EeV (1 EeV = 10^18 eV) respectively. These are the first experimental limits on ultra-high energy photons at energies below 10 EeV. The results complement previous constraints on top-down models from array data and they reduce systematic uncertainties in the interpretation of shower data in terms of primary flux, nuclear composition and proton-air cross-section., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Minor changes. Accepted by Astroparticle Physics

Published
2009
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5. The Surface Detector System of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Allekotte, I., Barbosa, A. F., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Civit, B., Escobar, C. O., Garcia, B., Guedes, G., Berisso, M. Gomez, Harton, J. L., Healy, M., Kaducak, M., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P. O., Newman-Holmes, C., Pepe, I., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Salazar, H., Grande, N. Smetniansky-De, and Warner, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to study cosmic rays with energies greater than 10^{19} eV. Two sites are envisaged for the observatory, one in each hemisphere, for complete sky coverage. The southern site of the Auger Observatory, now approaching completion in Mendoza, Argentina, features an array of 1600 water-Cherenkov surface detector stations covering 3000 km^2, together with 24 fluorescence telescopes to record the air shower cascades produced by these particles. The two complementary detector techniques together with the large collecting area form a powerful instrument for these studies. Although construction is not yet complete, the Auger Observatory has been taking data stably since January 2004 and the first physics results are being published. In this paper we describe the design features and technical characteristics of the surface detector stations of the Pierre Auger Observatory., Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A

Published
2007
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9. Different methods for removing intracanal separated instruments: a report of two cases|Diversi approcci alla rimozione di uno strumento fratturato all’interno del canale radicolare: descrizione di due casi clinici

Author

Zaccone, R., Galeano, P., Castagnola, Raffaella, Marigo, Luca, Grande, Nicola Maria, Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Marigo L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7540-5702), Grande N. M., Zaccone, R., Galeano, P., Castagnola, Raffaella, Marigo, Luca, Grande, Nicola Maria, Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Marigo L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7540-5702), and Grande N. M.

Abstract

Diversi approcci alla rimozione di uno strumento fratturato all’interno del canale radicolare: descrizione di due casi clinici

Published
2022

13. Treatment of a root canal perforation using a calcium-silicate based sealer: A case report with a 4 year follow-up

Author

Castagnola, R., Minciacchi, I., Marigo, L., Cordaro, M., Grande, N. M., Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Minciacchi I., Marigo L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7540-5702), Cordaro M. (ORCID:0000-0002-0797-5172), Grande N. M., Castagnola, R., Minciacchi, I., Marigo, L., Cordaro, M., Grande, N. M., Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Minciacchi I., Marigo L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7540-5702), Cordaro M. (ORCID:0000-0002-0797-5172), and Grande N. M.

Abstract

Aim: This case report presents a root canal retreatment distinguished by a canal perforation successfully treated with a calcium-silicate based sealer (EndoSequence BC sealer, Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA, USA) with a 4 year follow-up. Summary: Root canal retreatment of a lower left second molar was performed in 80 years old patient because of a periapical chronic periodontitis with buccal fistula. The scouting of the mesio-lingual and distal canal was obtained with a k-file #10, while the mesio-buccal was not negotiable because of a perforation in the middle third of the root. Instrumentation of patent root canal was performed and the distal canal was filled with AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany) and Thermafil Obturator (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) whereas the mesial canals and the perforation were sealed using EndoSequence BC Sealer and dedicated EndoSequence BC Points in order to perform a successive apical surgery. The improvement of clinical conditions and, successively, the gradual bone healing, confirmed with analogical radiographs, led to avoid the complicated endodontic surgery on this lower second molar, having already an acceptable clinical success. Key Learning Points: This case report confirmed the favorable physical and biological properties of calcium-silicate based sealers and, most of all, the handling properties of the EndoSequence BC sealer. In selected cases these type of sealers might lead to resolve complex treatments without using specialistic equipments like microscope and help general clinicians to approach complicated endodontic cases in an easier way.

Published
2019

16. Upper limit on the cosmic-ray photon fraction at EeV energies from the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Aguirre, C., Ahn, E.J., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Argiró, S., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Barber, K.B., Barbosa, A.F., Barroso, S.L.C., Baughman, B., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J.J., Beau, T., Becker, B.R., Becker, K.H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J.A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bernardini, P., Bertou, X., Biermann, P.L., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W.C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R.E., Busca, N.G., Caballero-Mora, K.S., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Carvalho, W., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J.A., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Chye, J., Clay, R.W., Colombo, E., Conceição, R., Connolly, B., Contreras, F., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C.E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B.R., de Almeida, R.M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S.J., De La Vega, G., de Mello, W.J.M., Junior, de Mello Neto, J.R.T., De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J.C., Diep, P.N., Dobrigkeit, C., D’Olivo, J.C., Dong, P.N., Dornic, D., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J.C., Dova, M.T., D’Urso, D., Dutan, I., DuVernois, M.A., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C.O., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A.C., Fazzini, N., Ferrer, F., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C.E., Fraenkel, E.D., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R.F., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Goggin, L.M., Gold, M.S., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonçalves do Amaral, M., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J.G., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A.F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G.P., Gutiérrez, J., H˙ague, J.D., Halenka, V., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J.L., Haungs, A., Healy, M.D., Hebbeker, T., Hebrero, G., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V.C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K.H., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R.M., Klages, H.O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D.-H., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kruppke, D., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B.L., Leão, M.S.A.B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M.A., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Leuthold, M., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Luna García, R., Maccarone, M.C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A.G., Maris, I.C., Marquez Falcon, H.R., Martello, D., Martínez, J., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H.J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J.A.J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P.O., McEwen, M., McNeil, R.R., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M.I., Miele, G., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, J.C., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Mueller, S., Mueller, M.A., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J.L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Newman-Holmes, C., Newton, D., Nhung, P.T., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M., Ortiz, M., Ortolani, F., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Pastor, S., Patel, M., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pe¸kala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I.M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Pichel, A., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pinto, T., Pirronello, V., Pisanti, O., Platino, M., Pochon, J., Ponce, V.H., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E.J., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Redondo, A., Reucroft, S., Revenu, B., Rezende, F.A.S., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M.D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Rouillé-d’Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A.C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C.E., Santos, E.M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S.J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shellard, R.C., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B.B., Smetniansky De Grande, N., Smiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Smith, B.E., Snow, G.R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A.D., Sutherland, M.S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tarutina, T., Taşcaˇu, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tcherniakhovski, D., Thao, N.T., Thomas, D., Ticona, R., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C.J., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torres, I., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D.B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tuci, V., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J.F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A.M., Vázquez, R.A., Veberič, D., Velarde, A., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A.A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B.J., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Wileman, C., Winnick, M.G., Wu, H., Wundheiler, B., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., and Ziolkowski, M.

Published
2009
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17. Orthodontic extrusion vs. Surgical extrusion to rehabilitate severely damaged teeth: A literature review

Author

Cordaro, Martina, Staderini, Edoardo, Torsello, Ferruccio, Grande, Nicola Maria, Turchi, Matteo, Cordaro, Massimo, Cordaro M., Staderini E. (ORCID:0000-0003-1339-9172), Torsello F., Grande N. M., Turchi M., Cordaro M. (ORCID:0000-0002-0797-5172), Cordaro, Martina, Staderini, Edoardo, Torsello, Ferruccio, Grande, Nicola Maria, Turchi, Matteo, Cordaro, Massimo, Cordaro M., Staderini E. (ORCID:0000-0003-1339-9172), Torsello F., Grande N. M., Turchi M., and Cordaro M. (ORCID:0000-0002-0797-5172)

Abstract

The need to rehabilitate severely compromised teeth is frequent in daily clinical practice. Tooth extraction and replacement with dental implant represents a common treatment choice. However, the survival rate for implants is inferior to teeth, even if severely damaged but properly treated. In order to reestablish a physiological supracrestal tissue attachment of damaged teeth and to arrange an efficient ferrule effect, three options can be considered: crown lengthening, orthodontic extrusion and surgical extrusion. Crown lengthening is considered an invasive technique that causes the removal of part of the bony support, while both orthodontic and surgical extrusion can avoid this inconvenience and can be used successfully in the treatment of severely damaged teeth. The aim of the present narrative review is to compare advantages, disadvantages, time of therapy required, contraindications and complications of both techniques.

Published
2021

18. A comparison of near-infrared imaging with other diagnostic tools for dental caries

Author

Vanella, V., Castagnola, Raffaella, Marigo, Luca, Grande, Nicola Maria, Plotino, Gianluca, Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Marigo L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7540-5702), Grande N. M., Plotino G., Vanella, V., Castagnola, Raffaella, Marigo, Luca, Grande, Nicola Maria, Plotino, Gianluca, Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Marigo L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7540-5702), Grande N. M., and Plotino G.

Abstract

Dental caries is one of the most common diseases in the world, and global incidence rates are increasing. The early detection of dental lesions enables a conservative approach to be employed and represents a priority in modern dentistry. Recent studies have suggested that conventional diagnostic methods, such as visual tactile inspection and X-ray examination, exhibit low sensitivity and are not very effective in early diagnoses. Consequently, late detection of decay is associated with an increased loss of tooth structure. New diagnostic systems based on optical properties have been developed to facilitate early detection. Several studies have evaluated the performance of near-infrared imaging (NIRI) as an early diagnostic tool. NIRI using light ranging from 700 to 1700 nm has demonstrated better optical properties compared to conventional optical systems using light in the visible spectra. NIRI enables deeper penetration of the light in the tooth tissue, weak scattering with lower background noise and strong photon absorption with detailed images. Several in-vivo studies have demonstrated that NIRI technology has the potential to improve performance compared with current diagnostic methods. NIRI exhibits increased sensitivity compared to radiographs and is more suitable to identify approximal enamel lesions. This paper aimed to review these recent advances and their potential applications in daily clinical practice.

Published
2021

19. Effectiveness of a new electronic apex locator in two modalities in detecting the working length: An ex vivo study

Author

Castagnola, Raffaella, Diana, Rosalba, Colangeli, M., Panzetta, C., Marigo, Luca, Grande, Nicola Maria, Plotino, Gianluca, Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Diana R., Marigo L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7540-5702), Grande N. M., Plotino G., Castagnola, Raffaella, Diana, Rosalba, Colangeli, M., Panzetta, C., Marigo, Luca, Grande, Nicola Maria, Plotino, Gianluca, Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Diana R., Marigo L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7540-5702), Grande N. M., and Plotino G.

Abstract

Aim: This ex vivo study aims to compare the accuracy of two electronic apex locators, Wirele-X (Forum Engineering Technologies Ltd., Israel), tested in two modalities, alone and connected to the display screen and Dentaport ZX (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan) in determining the working length. Methodology: 15 single-rooted teeth were selected for this study. The actual microscopic working length was measured using a size 10 K-file that was advanced until the tip of the file could be visualized just within the apical foramen under a stereomicroscope. Then each tooth was placed into the alginate to simulate the clinical conditions. Wirele-X and Dentaport ZX were used according manufacturer's instructions. Three measurements were performed for each tooth and each apex locator and modality and differences between the electronic and actual working lengths were calculated. Positive values indicated measurements that extruded beyond the apical foramen, while negative values indicated measurements that were short of the apical foramen. Means and standard deviation were calculated and the statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (P<0.05). Results: The difference between electronic and actual working length was 0.05±0.34 mm for Wirele-X alone, 0.003±0.37 mm for Wirele-X connected to the display screen and 0.08±0.35 mm for Dentaport ZX. No statistical differences were found among Wirele-X alone, Wirele-X connected to the display screen and Dentaport ZX (p>0.05). Conclusions: Wirele-X in both modalities and Dentaport ZX showed a high accuracy in determining working length and were accurate to within ±0.5 mm, without any statistical differences among them.

Published
2021

20. The surface detector system of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Allekotte, I., Barbosa, A.F., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Civit, B., Escobar, C.O., García, B., Guedes, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Harton, J.L., Healy, M., Kaducak, M., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P.O., Newman-Holmes, C., Pepe, I., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Salazar, H., Smetniansky-De Grande, N., and Warner, D.

Published
2008
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21. Upper limit on the cosmic-ray photon flux above 10 19 eV using the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Aguirre, C., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Argirò, S., Arisaka, K., Armengaud, E., Arneodo, F., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Atulugama, B.S., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Barbosa, A.F., Barnhill, D., Barroso, S.L.C., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J.J., Beau, T., Becker, B.R., Becker, K.H., Bellido, J.A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bernardini, P., Bertou, X., Biermann, P.L., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Blasi, P., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Boratav, M., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W.C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R.E., Busca, N.G., Caballero-Mora, K.S., Cai, B., Camin, D.V., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Carvalho, W., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J.A., Chou, A., Chye, J., Clark, P.D.J., Clay, R.W., Colombo, E., Conceição, R., Connolly, B., Contreras, F., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C.E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B.R., de Almeida, R.M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S.J., De La Vega, G., de Mello Junior, W.J.M., de Mello Neto, J.R.T., De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J.C., Dobrigkeit, C., D’Olivo, J.C., Dornic, D., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J.C., Dova, M.T., D’Urso, D., Dutan, I., DuVernois, M.A., Engel, R., Epele, L., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C.O., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A.C., Fazzini, N., Ferrer, F., Ferry, S., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fonte, R., Fracchiolla, C.E., Fulgione, W., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Geenen, H., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M.S., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Herrero, R., Gonçalves, P., Gonçalves do Amaral, M., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J.G., González, M., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Grassi, V., Grillo, A.F., Grunfeld, C., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G.P., Gutiérrez, J., Hague, J.D., Hamilton, J.C., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J.L., Haungs, A., Hauschildt, T., Healy, M.D., Hebbeker, T., Hebrero, G., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V.C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Horvat, M., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K.H., Karova, T., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R.M., Klages, H.O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D.-H., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B.L., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M.A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Leuthold, M., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Lozano Bahilo, J., Luna García, R., Maccarone, M.C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mancarella, G., Manceñido, M.E., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A.G., Maris, I.C., Marquez Falcon, H.R., Martello, D., Martínez, J., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H.J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J.A.J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P.O., McCauley, T., McEwen, M., McNeil, R.R., Medina, M.C., Medina-Tanco, G., Meli, A., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menschikov, A., Meurer, Chr., Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M.I., Miele, G., Miller, W., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, J.C., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Muller, M.A., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J.L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Newman-Holmes, C., Newton, D., Thao, N.T., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Oehlschläger, J., Ohnuki, T., Olinto, A., Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M., Ortiz, M., Ortolani, F., Ostapchenko, S., Otero, L., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Pastor, S., Patel, M., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pe¸kala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I.M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrov, Y., Diep, P.N., Dong, P.N., Nhung, P.T., Pichel, A., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pinto, T., Pirronello, V., Pisanti, O., Platino, M., Pochon, J., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E.J., Rautenberg, J., Redondo, A., Reucroft, S., Revenu, B., Rezende, F.A.S., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Roberts, M., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodríguez-Frías, M.D., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roucelle, C., Rouillé-d’Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A.C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C.E., Santos, E.M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schüssler, F., Sciutto, S.J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shellard, R.C., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B.B., Sigl, G., De Grande, N. Smetniansky, Smiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Smith, A.G.K., Smith, B.E., Snow, G.R., Sokolsky, P., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A.D., Sutherland, M.S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Takahashi, J., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Taşcău, O., Tcaciuc, R., Thomas, D., Ticona, R., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C.J., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torres, I., Torresi, D., Travnicek, P., Tripathi, A., Tristram, G., Tscherniakhovski, D., Tueros, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J.F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A.M., van Elewyck, V., Vázquez, R.A., Veberič, D., Veiga, A., Velarde, A., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walker, P., Warner, D., Watson, A.A., Westerhoff, S., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Wileman, C., Winnick, M.G., Wu, H., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zech, A., Zepeda, A., and Ziolkowski, M.

Published
2008
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22. Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with the positions of nearby active galactic nuclei

Author

Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Aguirre, C., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Argirò, S., Arisaka, K., Armengaud, E., Arneodo, F., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Atulugama, B.S., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Barbosa, A.F., Barnhill, D., Barroso, S.L.C., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J.J., Beau, T., Becker, B.R., Becker, K.H., Bellido, J.A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bernardini, P., Bertou, X., Biermann, P.L., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Blasi, P., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W.C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R.E., Busca, N.G., Caballero-Mora, K.S., Cai, B., Camin, D.V., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Carvalho, W., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J.A., Chou, A., Chye, J., Clay, R.W., Colombo, E., Conceição, R., Connolly, B., Contreras, F., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C.E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B.R., de Almeida, R.M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S.J., De La Vega, G., de Mello, W.J.M., Junior, de Mello Neto, J.R.T., De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Selva, A. Della, Fratte, C. Delle, Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J.C., Diep, P.N., Dobrigkeit, C., D’Olivo, J.C., Dong, P.N., Dornic, D., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J.C., Dova, M.T., D’Urso, D., Dutan, I., DuVernois, M.A., Engel, R., Epele, L., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C.O., Etchegoyen, A., San Luis, P. Facal, Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A.C., Fazzini, N., Ferrer, F., Ferry, S., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fracchiolla, C.E., Fulgione, W., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Geenen, H., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M.S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Herrero, R. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., do Amaral, M. Gonçalves, Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J.G., González, M., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Grassi, V., Grillo, A.F., Grunfeld, C., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G.P., Gutiérrez, J., Hague, J.D., Hamilton, J.C., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J.L., Haungs, A., Hauschildt, T., Healy, M.D., Hebbeker, T., Hebrero, G., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V.C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Horvat, M., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K.H., Karova, T., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R.M., Klages, H.O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D.-H., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B.L., Lebrun, D., LeBrun, P., Lee, J., de Oliveira, M.A. Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, A., Leuthold, M., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Bahilo, J. Lozano, García, R. Luna, Maccarone, M.C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mancarella, G., Manceñido, M.E., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A.G., Maris, I.C., Falcon, H.R. Marquez, Martello, D., Martínez, J., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H.J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J.A.J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P.O., McCauley, T., McEwen, M., McNeil, R.R., Medina, M.C., Medina-Tanco, G., Meli, A., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menschikov, A., Meurer, Chr., Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M.I., Miele, G., Miller, W., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, J.C., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Muller, M.A., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J.L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Newman-Holmes, C., Newton, D., Nhung, P.T., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Oehlschläger, J., Ohnuki, T., Olinto, A., Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M., Ortiz, M., Ortolani, F., Ostapchenko, S., Otero, L., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Pastor, S., Patel, M., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pe¸kala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I.M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrov, Y., Pichel, A., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pinto, T., Pirronello, V., Pisanti, O., Platino, M., Pochon, J., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E.J., Rautenberg, J., Redondo, A., Reucroft, S., Revenu, B., Rezende, F.A.S., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Roberts, M., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Martino, J. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M.D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Rouillé-d’Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A.C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C.E., Santos, E.M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schüssler, F., Sciutto, S.J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shellard, R.C., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B.B., Sigl, G., De Grande, N. Smetniansky, Smiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Smith, A.G.K., Smith, B.E., Snow, G.R., Sokolsky, P., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A.D., Sutherland, M.S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Takahashi, J., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Taşcău, O., Tcaciuc, R., Thao, N.T., Thomas, D., Ticona, R., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Peixoto, C.J. Todero, Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torres, I., Travnicek, P., Tripathi, A., Tristram, G., Tscherniakhovski, D., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J.F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A.M., van Elewyck, V., Vázquez, R.A., Veberič, D., Veiga, A., Velarde, A., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A.A., Westerhoff, S., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Wileman, C., Winnick, M.G., Wu, H., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zech, A., Zepeda, A., and Ziolkowski, M.

Published
2008
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24. Cyclic Fatigue of Reciproc and Reciproc Blue Nickel-titanium Reciprocating Files at Different Environmental Temperatures

Author

Plotino, G., Grande, N. M., Testarelli, L., Gambarini, G., Castagnola, R., Rossetti, A., Ozyurek, T., Cordaro, M., Fortunato, L., Grande N. M., Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Cordaro M. (ORCID:0000-0002-0797-5172), Plotino, G., Grande, N. M., Testarelli, L., Gambarini, G., Castagnola, R., Rossetti, A., Ozyurek, T., Cordaro, M., Fortunato, L., Grande N. M., Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), and Cordaro M. (ORCID:0000-0002-0797-5172)

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of ambient temperature on the life span of nickel-titanium (NiTi) files. Methods: Cyclic fatigue testing of NiTi instruments was performed in a stainless steel artificial canal. During the experiment, 4 different temperatures (0°C, 20°C, 35°C, and 39°C) were used in a thermostatic bath controlled using electronic and infrared controls. Eighty R25 Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany) and 80 R25 Reciproc (VDW) instruments were reciprocated in the artificial canal until fracture occurred, and the time to fracture and the length of the fractured fragment were recorded. The phase transformation temperature for 3 instruments of each type was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests were used to statistically analyze the data at a 5% significance level (P <.05). Results: Reciproc Blue instruments were significantly more resistant to cyclic fatigue than Reciproc at all the temperatures tested (P <.05). Fatigue resistance was proportionally higher as the environmental temperature decreased (0°C > 20°C > 35°C > 39°C). No significant difference was registered for the length of the fractured fragment of both instruments tested at all temperatures tested (P >.05). Conclusions: Blue alloy significantly increases the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc files compared with M-Wire alloy. Temperature significantly affects the life span of NiTi files. When the ambient temperature increases between 0°C and 35°C, the fatigue resistance of the files statistically decreases.

Published
2018

25. Evaluation of smear layer and debris removal by stepwise intraoperative activation (SIA) of sodium hypochlorite

Author

Plotino, Gianluca, Colangeli, M., Ozyurek, T., Dedeus, G., Panzetta, C., Castagnola, Raffaella, Grande, Nicola Maria, Marigo, Luca, Plotino G., Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Grande N. M., Marigo L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7540-5702), Plotino, Gianluca, Colangeli, M., Ozyurek, T., Dedeus, G., Panzetta, C., Castagnola, Raffaella, Grande, Nicola Maria, Marigo, Luca, Plotino G., Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Grande N. M., and Marigo L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7540-5702)

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a stepwise intraoperative activation (SIA) of irrigants during and after the instrumentation compared with that of a conventional activation (CA) performed only after the instrumentation to remove smear layer and debris using different activation devices. Materials and methods: A total of 70 single-rooted teeth were divided into a control group (no activation, n = 10) and two different experimental groups according to the irrigant activation protocol used: group 1 (CA), in which sodium hypochlorite was activated only after the use of the last mechanical file, and group 2 (SIA), in which activation was performed during and after the instrumentation. The two groups were divided into 3 subgroups according to the activation device used (n = 10): passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI, subgroup a), EndoActivator (EA, subgroup b), and EDDY (subgroup c). The roots were split longitudinally and observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the presence of debris and smear layer, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: All activation protocols and devices were more effective than control group in removing smear layer and debris from all root canal thirds (P < 0.05), except for CA-EA (group 1b) in the apical third. In the apical third, SIA was found to be more effective than CA (P < 0.05) to remove smear layer and residual debris when PUI was used, to remove the smear layer when EA was used (P < 0.05), and to remove residual debris when EDDY was used (P < 0.05). PUI and EDDY removed statistically more smear layer and debris than EA in the apical third (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The SIA technique improved the smear layer and debris removal from the apical third and debris removal from the coronal third, and PUI and EDDY were more effective than EA in the apical third. Clinical relevance: The stepwise intraoperative activation (SIA) technique may increase smear layer and debris removal.

Published
2020

26. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of graphene oxide on enterococcus faecalis

Author

Martini, Cecilia, Longo, Fabio, Castagnola, Raffaella, Marigo, Luca, Grande, Nicola Maria, Cordaro, Massimo, Cacaci, Margherita, Papi, Massimiliano, Palmieri, V., Bugli, Francesca, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Martini C., Longo F., Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Marigo L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7540-5702), Grande N. M., Cordaro M. (ORCID:0000-0002-0797-5172), Cacaci M. (ORCID:0000-0002-5433-9400), Papi M. (ORCID:0000-0002-0029-1309), Bugli F. (ORCID:0000-0001-9038-3233), Sanguinetti M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Martini, Cecilia, Longo, Fabio, Castagnola, Raffaella, Marigo, Luca, Grande, Nicola Maria, Cordaro, Massimo, Cacaci, Margherita, Papi, Massimiliano, Palmieri, V., Bugli, Francesca, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Martini C., Longo F., Castagnola R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4994-6780), Marigo L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7540-5702), Grande N. M., Cordaro M. (ORCID:0000-0002-0797-5172), Cacaci M. (ORCID:0000-0002-5433-9400), Papi M. (ORCID:0000-0002-0029-1309), Bugli F. (ORCID:0000-0001-9038-3233), and Sanguinetti M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of graphene oxide (GO) against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro conditions and when used to coat dentin surface to prevent E. faecalis adhesion. The ATCC strain of E. faecalis 29212 has been used to perform a viability test. The pellet was suspended in ultrapure water, NaCl, PBS buffer, CaCl2 and MgCl2, Luria−Bertani broth solutions. The viability was evaluated by the colony forming unit counting method. Atomic force microscopy images and the measure of surface zeta potential variation were analyzed. Dentin discs were covered with a film of GO (n = 15) or were not treated (n = 15). Bacterial suspension was added to each sample of dentine discs and microbial counts were calculated. Statistically significant differences between two groups were assessed by a two‐tailed unpaired t‐test. Bacteria cell morphology was investigated with scanning electron microscopy. The highest growth inhibition was obtained in ddH2O and CaCl2 solution while, in PBS and NaCl, GO had poor antibacterial efficacy with a growth enhancing effect in the latter. GO on dentin discs demonstrated high antibacterial activity. GO film has demonstrated acceptable adhesion properties to root dentin and a role in the inhibition of bacterial film proliferation and biofilm formation.

Published
2020

27. Anisotropy studies around the galactic centre at EeV energies with the Auger Observatory

Author

Abraham, J., Aglietta, M., Aguirre, C., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Alvarez, C., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Anjos, J.C., Aramo, C., Arisaka, K., Armengaud, E., Arneodo, F., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Atulugama, B.S., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bacelar, J., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Barbosa, A.F., Barbosa, H.M.J., Barkhausen, M., Barnhill, D., Barroso, S.L.C., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J., Beau, T., Becker, B.R., Becker, K.H., Bellido, J.A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bernardini, P., Bertou, X., Biermann, P.L., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Blasi, P., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boghrat, P., Boháčová, M., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Boratav, M., Brack, J., Brunet, J.M., Buchholz, P., Busca, N.G., Caballero-Mora, K.S., Cai, B., Camin, D.V., Capdevielle, J.N., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazón, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J.A., Chou, A., Chye, J., Claes, D., Clark, P.D.J., Clay, R.W., Clay, S.B., Connolly, B., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C.E., Cronin, J., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Quang, T. Dang, Darriulat, P., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B.R., de Almeida, R.M., de Carvalho, L.A., De Donato, C., de Jong, S.J., de Mello, W.J.M., Junior, de Mello Neto, J.R.T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, M.A.L., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Selva, A. Della, Fratte, C. Delle, Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J.C., Dobrigkeit, C., D’Olivo, J.C., Dornic, D., Dorofeev, A., Dova, M.T., D’Urso, D., DuVernois, M.A., Engel, R., Epele, L., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C.O., Etchegoyen, A., Ewers, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Fauth, A.C., Fazio, D., Fazzini, N., Fernández, A., Ferrer, F., Ferry, S., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fokitis, E., Fonte, R., Fuhrmann, D., Fulgione, W., García, B., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrard, L., Garrido, X., Geenen, H., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Geranios, A., Ghia, P.L., Giller, M., Gitto, J., Glass, H., Gobbi, F., Gold, M.S., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Herrero, R., Gonçalves do Amaral, M., Gongora, J.P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J.G., González, M., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Grassi, V., Grillo, A., Grunfeld, C., Grupen, C., Guarino, F., Guedes, G.P., Gutiérrez, J., Hague, J.D., Hamilton, J.C., Harakeh, M.N., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Hartmann, S., Harton, J.L., Haungs, A., Healy, M.D., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Horvat, M., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Kaducak, M., Kalashev, O., Kampert, K.H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Klages, H.O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D.-H., Kolotaev, Y., Kopmann, A., Krömer, O., Kuhlman, S., Kuijpers, J., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., Lachaud, C., Lago, B.L., Lebrun, D., LeBrun, P., Lee, J., Letessier-Selvon, A., Leuthold, M., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Longo, G., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Lucero, A., Maldera, S., Malek, M., Maltezos, S., Mancarella, G., Manceñido, M.E., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A.G., Maris, I.C., Martello, D., Martinez, N., Martínez, J., Martínez, O., Mathes, H.J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J.A.J., Matthiae, G., Maurin, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P.O., McCauley, T., McEwen, M., McNeil, R.R., Medina, G., Medina, M.C., Medina Tanco, G., Meli, A., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meurer, Chr., Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M.I., Miele, G., Miller, W., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Muller, M.A., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Nellen, L., Newman-Holmes, C., Newton, D., Thi, T. Nguyen, Nichol, R., Nierstenhöfer, N., Nitz, D., Nogima, H., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Oehlschläger, J., Ohnuki, T., Olinto, A., Oliveira, L.F.A., Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M., Ortiz, M., Ostapchenko, S., Otero, L., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Patel, M., Paul, T., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pe¸kala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I.M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrov, Y., Pham Ngoc, D., Pham Thi, T.N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pisanti, O., Porter, T.A., Pouryamout, J., Prado, L., Junior, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E.J., Rautenberg, J., Reis, H.C., Reucroft, S., Revenu, B., Řídký, J., Risi, A., Risse, M., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Robbins, S., Roberts, M., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodríguez Frías, D., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roucelle, C., Rouillé-d’Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A.C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santos, E.M., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schüssler, F., Sciutto, S.J., Scuderi, M., Semikoz, D., Sequeiros, G., Shellard, R.C., Siffert, B.B., Sigl, G., Skelton, P., Slater, W., De Grande, N. Smetniansky, Smiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Smith, B.E., Snow, G.R., Sokolsky, P., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A.D., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tascau, O., Ticona, R., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C.J., Tonachini, A., Torresi, D., Travnicek, P., Tripathi, A., Tristram, G., Tscherniakhovski, D., Tueros, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J.F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A.M., van Elewyck, V., Vazquez, R.A., Veberič, D., Veiga, A., Velarde, A., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vo Van, T., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Waldenmaier, T., Walker, P., Warner, D., Watson, A.A., Westerhoff, S., Wiebusch, C., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Wileman, C., Winnick, M.G., Xu, J., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zech, A., Zepeda, A., Zha, M., and Ziolkowski, M.

Published
2007
Full Text
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28. An upper limit to the photon fraction in cosmic rays above 10 19 eV from the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Abraham, J., Aglietta, M., Aguirre, C., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Alvarez, C., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Anjos, J.C., Aramo, C., Arisaka, K., Armengaud, E., Arneodo, F., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Atulugama, B.S., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bacelar, J., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Barbosa, A.F., Barbosa, H.M.J., Barkhausen, M., Barnhill, D., Barroso, S.L.C., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J., Beau, T., Becker, B.R., Becker, K.H., Bellido, J.A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bernardini, P., Bertou, X., Biermann, P.L., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Blasi, P., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boghrat, P., Boháčová, M., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Boratav, M., Brack, J., Brunet, J.M., Buchholz, P., Busca, N.G., Caballero-Mora, K.S., Cai, B., Camin, D.V., Capdevielle, J.N., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazón, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J.A., Chou, A., Chye, J., Claes, D., Clark, P.D.J., Clay, R.W., Clay, S.B., Connolly, B., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C.E., Cronin, J., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dang Quang, T., Darriulat, P., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B.R., de Almeida, R.M., de Carvalho, L.A., De Donato, C., de Jong, S.J., de Mello, W.J.M., Jr., de Mello Neto, J.R.T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, M.A.L., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J.C., Dobrigkeit, C., D’Olivo, J.C., Dornic, D., Dorofeev, A., Dova, M.T., D’Urso, D., DuVernois, M.A., Engel, R., Epele, L., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C.O., Etchegoyen, A., Ewers, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Fauth, A.C., Fazio, D., Fazzini, N., Fernández, A., Ferrer, F., Ferry, S., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fokitis, E., Fonte, R., Fuhrmann, D., Fulgione, W., García, B., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrard, L., Garrido, X., Geenen, H., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Geranios, A., Ghia, P.L., Giller, M., Gitto, J., Glass, H., Gobbi, F., Gold, M.S., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Herrero, R., Gonçalves do Amaral, M., Gongora, J.P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J.G., González, M., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Grassi, V., Grillo, A., Grunfeld, C., Grupen, C., Guarino, F., Guedes, G.P., Gutiérrez, J., Hague, J.D., Hamilton, J.C., Harakeh, M.N., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Hartmann, S., Harton, J.L., Healy, M.D., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Horvat, M., Hrabovský, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Kaducak, M., Kalashev, O., Kampert, K.H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Klages, H.O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D.-H., Kolotaev, Y., Kopmann, A., Krömer, O., Kuhlman, S., Kuijpers, J., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., Lachaud, C., Lago, B.L., Lebrun, D., LeBrun, P., Lee, J., Letessier-Selvon, A., Leuthold, M., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Longo, G., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Lucero, A., Maldera, S., Malek, M., Maltezos, S., Mancarella, G., Manceñido, M.E., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A.G., Maris, I.C., Martello, D., Martinez, N., Martínez, J., Martínez, O., Mathes, H.J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J.A.J., Matthiae, G., Maurin, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P.O., McCauley, T., McEwen, M., McNeil, R.R., Medina, G., Medina, M.C., Medina Tanco, G., Meli, A., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meurer, Chr., Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M.I., Miele, G., Miller, W., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Muller, M.A., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Nellen, L., Newman-Holmes, C., Newton, D., Nguyen Thi, T., Nichol, R., Nierstenhöfer, N., Nitz, D., Nogima, H., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Oehlschläger, J., Ohnuki, T., Olinto, A., Oliveira, L.F.A., Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M., Ortiz, M., Ostapchenko, S., Otero, L., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Patel, M., Paul, T., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pe¸kala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I.M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrov, Y., Pham Ngoc, D., Pham Thi, T.N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pisanti, O., Porter, T.A., Pouryamout, J., Prado, L., Jr., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E.J., Rautenberg, J., Reis, H.C., Reucroft, S., Revenu, B., Řídký, J., Risi, A., Risse, M., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Robbins, S., Roberts, M., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodríguez Frías, D., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roucelle, C., Rouillé-d’Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A.C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santos, E.M., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scherini, V., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schüssler, F., Sciutto, S.J., Scuderi, M., Semikoz, D., Sequeiros, G., Shellard, R.C., Siffert, B.B., Sigl, G., Skelton, P., Slater, W., Smetniansky De Grande, N., Smiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Smith, B.E., Snow, G.R., Sokolsky, P., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A.D., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tascau, O., Ticona, R., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C.J., Tonachini, A., Torresi, D., Travnicek, P., Tripathi, A., Tristram, G., Tscherniakhovski, D., Tueros, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J.F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A.M., van Elewyck, V., Vazquez, R.A., Veberič, D., Veiga, A., Velarde, A., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vo Van, T., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Waldenmaier, T., Walker, P., Warner, D., Watson, A.A., Westerhoff, S., Wiebusch, C., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Wileman, C., Winnick, M.G., Xu, J., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zech, A., Zepeda, A., Zha, M., and Ziolkowski, M.

Published
2007
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48. Letter to the Editor

Author

Plotino, G., Grande, N. M., Brigante, L., Lesti, B., and Somma, F.

Published
2006

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