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8. Extracellular Vesicles and Cerebral Malaria

Author

Grau, Georges Emile Raymond, Hosseini-Beheshti, Elham, Harris, J. Robin, Series Editor, Kundu, Tapas K., Advisory Editor, Holzenburg, Andreas, Advisory Editor, Korolchuk, Viktor, Advisory Editor, Bolanos-Garcia, Victor, Advisory Editor, Marles-Wright, Jon, Advisory Editor, Mathivanan, Suresh, editor, Fonseka, Pamali, editor, Nedeva, Christina, editor, and Atukorala, Ishara, editor

Published
2021
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11. Fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic resonance contrast and radioactive tracer labelling of extracellular vesicles.

Author

Wardhani, Kartika, Levina, Aviva, Grau, Georges E. R., and Lay, Peter A.

Subjects
RADIOLABELING, EXTRACELLULAR vesicles, MAGNETIC resonance, QUANTUM dots, PHOSPHORESCENCE, MAGNETIZATION transfer, FLUORESCENT probes, FLUORESCENT dyes, PHOSPHORIMETRY
Abstract

This review focusses on the significance of fluorescent, phosphorescent labelling and tracking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for unravelling their biology, pathophysiology, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Various labeling strategies, such as lipid membrane, surface protein, luminal, nucleic acid, radionuclide, quantum dot labels, and metal complex-based stains, are evaluated for visualizing and characterizing EVs. Direct labelling with fluorescent lipophilic dyes is simple but generally lacks specificity, while surface protein labelling offers selectivity but may affect EV-cell interactions. Luminal and nucleic acid labelling strategies have their own advantages and challenges. Each labelling approach has strengths and weaknesses, which require a suitable probe and technique based on research goals, but new tetranuclear polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes as phosphorescent probes have strong phosphorescence, selective staining, and stability. Future research should prioritize the design of novel fluorescent probes and labelling platforms that can significantly enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and specificity of EV labeling, while preserving their composition and functionality. It is crucial to reduce false positive signals and explore the potential of multimodal imaging techniques to gain comprehensive insights into EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. T cells and human cerebral malaria: a shifting episteme

Author

Renia, Laurent, Grau, Georges E.R., and Wassmer, Samuel C.

Subjects
Disease transmission, Endothelium, Medical research, Plasmodium falciparum, Nervous system diseases, Malaria, T cells, HIV, Comorbidity, Diseases, Health care industry
Abstract

Mosquito-transmitted Plasmodium falciparum infection can cause human cerebral malaria (HCM) with high mortality rates. The abundance of infected red blood cells that accumulate in the cerebral vasculature of patients has led to the belief that these brain-sequestered cells solely cause pathogenesis. However, animal models suggest that [CD8.sup.+] T cells migrate to and accumulate in the brain, directly contributing to experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) mortality. In this issue of the JCI, Riggle et al. explored the brain vasculature from 34 children who died from HCM or other causes and frequently found [CD3.sup.+] [CD8.sup.+] T cells in contact with endothelial cells. Further, the authors show that coinfection with HIV enhanced such [CD3.sup.+] [CD8.sup.+] T cell luminal distribution. These findings suggest that the mouse model for cerebral malaria may accurately reflect human disease pathology. This study sheds new light on the mechanisms behind blood-brain barrier breakdown in this complicated neurological disease and opens up alternative approaches for treatment., Sequestration, sequestration, sequestration Human cerebral malaria (HCM), the most severe pathology induced by Plasmodium falciparum infection, encompasses a wide range of neurological complications, including seizures and impaired consciousness (1). Due [...]

Published
2020
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20. Perillyl alcohol modulates activation, permeability and integrity of human brain endothelial cells induced by Plasmodium falciparum

Author

Marin, Adriana A, Juillard, Annette, Katzin, Alejandro M, Carvalho, Leonardo JM, and Grau, Georges ER

Subjects
cell adhesion molecules, human brain endothelial cells, cerebral malaria, P. falciparum, terpenes
Abstract

BACKGROUND Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe immunovasculopathy caused for Plasmodium falciparum infection, which is characterised by the sequestration of parasitised red blood cells (pRBCs) in brain microvessels. Previous studies have shown that some terpenes, such as perillyl alcohol (POH), exhibit a marked efficacy in preventing cerebrovascular inflammation, breakdown of the brain-blood barrier (BBB) and brain leucocyte accumulation in experimental CM models. OBJECTIVE To analyse the effects of POH on the endothelium using human brain endothelial cell (HBEC) monolayers co-cultured with pRBCs. METHODOLOGY The loss of tight junction proteins (TJPs) and features of endothelial activation, such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression were evaluated by quantitative immunofluorescence. Microvesicle (MV) release by HBEC upon stimulation by P. falciparum was evaluated by flow cytometry. Finally, the capacity of POH to revert P. falciparum-induced HBEC monolayer permeability was examined by monitoring trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). FINDINGS POH significantly prevented pRBCs-induced endothelial adhesion molecule (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) upregulation and MV release by HBEC, improved their trans-endothelial resistance, and restored their distribution of TJPs such as VE-cadherin, Occludin, and JAM-A. CONCLUSIONS POH is a potent monoterpene that is efficient in preventing P. falciparum-pRBCs-induced changes in HBEC, namely their activation, increased permeability and alterations of integrity, all parameters of relevance to CM pathogenesis.

Published
2023

23. FigS1,FigS2,FigS3,FigS4,FigS5,FigS6 from Targeting Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin in Tumor-Associated Blood Vessels Promotes T-cell–Mediated Immunotherapy

Author

Zhao, Yang, primary, Ting, Ka Ka, primary, Li, Jia, primary, Cogger, Victoria C., primary, Chen, Jinbiao, primary, Johansson-Percival, Anna, primary, Ngiow, Shin Foong, primary, Holst, Jeff, primary, Grau, Georges, primary, Goel, Shom, primary, Muller, Thorleif, primary, Dejana, Elisabetta, primary, McCaughan, Geoff, primary, Smyth, Mark J., primary, Ganss, Ruth, primary, Vadas, Mathew A., primary, and Gamble, Jennifer R., primary

Published
2023
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24. Supplemental figures 1-6 from Targeting Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin in Tumor-Associated Blood Vessels Promotes T-cell–Mediated Immunotherapy

Author

Zhao, Yang, primary, Ting, Ka Ka, primary, Li, Jia, primary, Cogger, Victoria C., primary, Chen, Jinbiao, primary, Johansson-Percival, Anna, primary, Ngiow, Shin Foong, primary, Holst, Jeff, primary, Grau, Georges, primary, Goel, Shom, primary, Muller, Thorleif, primary, Dejana, Elisabetta, primary, McCaughan, Geoff, primary, Smyth, Mark J., primary, Ganss, Ruth, primary, Vadas, Mathew A., primary, and Gamble, Jennifer R., primary

Published
2023
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25. Data from Targeting Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin in Tumor-Associated Blood Vessels Promotes T-cell–Mediated Immunotherapy

Author

Zhao, Yang, primary, Ting, Ka Ka, primary, Li, Jia, primary, Cogger, Victoria C., primary, Chen, Jinbiao, primary, Johansson-Percival, Anna, primary, Ngiow, Shin Foong, primary, Holst, Jeff, primary, Grau, Georges, primary, Goel, Shom, primary, Muller, Thorleif, primary, Dejana, Elisabetta, primary, McCaughan, Geoff, primary, Smyth, Mark J., primary, Ganss, Ruth, primary, Vadas, Mathew A., primary, and Gamble, Jennifer R., primary

Published
2023
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26. Table and material & methods from Targeting Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin in Tumor-Associated Blood Vessels Promotes T-cell–Mediated Immunotherapy

Author

Zhao, Yang, primary, Ting, Ka Ka, primary, Li, Jia, primary, Cogger, Victoria C., primary, Chen, Jinbiao, primary, Johansson-Percival, Anna, primary, Ngiow, Shin Foong, primary, Holst, Jeff, primary, Grau, Georges, primary, Goel, Shom, primary, Muller, Thorleif, primary, Dejana, Elisabetta, primary, McCaughan, Geoff, primary, Smyth, Mark J., primary, Ganss, Ruth, primary, Vadas, Mathew A., primary, and Gamble, Jennifer R., primary

Published
2023
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35. Investigation of Plasma-Derived Lipidome Profiles in Experimental Cerebral Malaria in a Mouse Model Study

Author

Batarseh, Amani M., primary, Vafaee, Fatemeh, additional, Hosseini-Beheshti, Elham, additional, Safarchi, Azadeh, additional, Chen, Alex, additional, Cohen, Amy, additional, Juillard, Annette, additional, Hunt, Nicholas Henry, additional, Mariani, Michael, additional, Mitchell, Todd, additional, and Grau, Georges Emile Raymond, additional

Published
2022
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40. A tetranuclear polypyridylruthenium(II) complex as a selective stain for extracellular vesicle penetration through brain microvascular endothelium.

Author

Wardhani, Kartika, Levina, Aviva, Sun, Biyun, Grau, Georges E. R., Keene, F. Richard, Collins, J. Grant, and Lay, Peter A.

Subjects
EXTRACELLULAR vesicles, BLOOD-brain barrier, ENDOTHELIUM, EXTRACELLULAR matrix, BRAIN diseases, ENDOTHELIAL cells
Abstract

A new photoluminescent polypyridylruthenium(II) stain for extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 monocytes enabled important new insights into how the bacteria-induced immune system affects the blood–brain barrier (BBB). These included previously unknown aspects of EV interactions with BBB microvascular endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix relevant to human brain diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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47. Peripheral B‐cell dysregulation is associated with relapse after long‐term quiescence in patients with multiple sclerosis

Author

Marsh‐Wakefield, Felix, primary, Juillard, Pierre, additional, Ashhurst, Thomas M, additional, Juillard, Annette, additional, Shinko, Diana, additional, Putri, Givanna H, additional, Read, Mark N, additional, McGuire, Helen M, additional, Byrne, Scott N, additional, Hawke, Simon, additional, and Grau, Georges E, additional

Published
2022
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