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The article presents a case study of 55-year-old woman who was referred to a hospital for screening colonoscopy which reveals the presence of rectal polyps. The patient then underwent an endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using an endoscopic full-thickness resection device (FTRD) and therapy. The article also discusses the effectiveness and safety of FTRD as an equipment for ESD.

The article presents a case study of a 64-year-oldman presented with abdominal pain, anemia and positive hemocult. The patient was diagnosed with small-bowel diverticulosis using On Demand Enteroscopy (ODE) technique. The topics discussed include endoscopic imagining methods, mucosal atrophy and anemia.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to two articles including "Confocal laser endomicroscopy is a new imaging modality for recognition of intramucosal bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease in vivo" by D. Moussata, M. Goetz and A. Gloeckner published in a 2011 issue of the periodical and "Diarrhoea and massive duodenal round cell infiltration in a 27-year-old HIV positive female" by C. Neufert, A. Agaimy and J. Wacker published in a 2011 issue of the periodical.

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most dreaded causes of hospital-acquired diarrhea. Main objective was to investigate whether confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) has the capability for in vivo diagnosis of C. difficile associated histological changes. Second objective was to prove the presence of intramucosal bacteria using CLE. Methods: 80 patients were prospectively included, 10 patients were diagnosed with CDI based on toxigenic culture. To validate the presence of intramucosal bacteria ex vivo, CLE was performed in pure C. difficile culture; additionally fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed. Finally, CLE with fluorescence labelled oligonucleotide probe specific for C. difficile was performed ex vivo in order to prove the presence of bacteria. Results: CLE identified CDI-associated histological changes in vivo (sensitivity and accuracy of 88.9% and 96.3%). In addition, intramucosal bacteria were visualized. The presence of these bacteria could be proven by CLE with labeled, specific molecular C. difficile probe and FISH-technique. Based on comparison between CLE and FISH analyses, sensitivity and specificity for the presence of intramucosal bacteria were 100%. Conclusion: CLE has the potential for in vivo diagnosis of CDI associated colitis. In addition, CLE allowed the detection of intramucosal bacteria in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the medical condition of a 34-year-old patient with diabetes insipidus and was presented with hypernatremia. It says that the patient underwent 23Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the calf muscle in which sodium was then detected. Results suggest aberrancies in the serum Na+ concentration along with renal water loss and Na+ shifts in the skeletal muscle.