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Super Galax FET Open EU project - WP5 design and fabrication of an heralded single photon source based on travelling wave Josephson parametric amplifier

Experience must be exposed in order to develop.With the word 'exposed', I mean two things: during an activity, someone can expose themselves to a risk, but I also mean that an experience can be revealed, told to someone else.Thus, listening to and analyzing the different stories given by mountain rescuers, who have a specific work activity, has become for me a dynamic space where experience, the narration of experience, and the feelings involved are closely linked.In order to explore this new field, I have had to distinguish different phases : first, the moment of rescue when various emotions are expressed. I have distinguished the time of rescue, when the rescuers are in full action and when their emotions appear. It leads the way to a new experience of life. Second, the time when the rescuers relate their experiences and when their emotions are expressed and shared with the researcher, and, third, the time that has elapsed between the moment of the rescue and its telling.My purpose was to try to show how the extent of experience influences the narration of experience, and to try to determine whether the fact of telling what happened can develop the rescuers' skills.Consequently, I have gathered interviews of rescuers, either experienced or newcomers to the job. In every interview I have been able to identify several kinds of DIESS. (Discours Interactifs d'Expérience Significative de Secours: interactive narratives about significant rescue situations. ) The DIESS are a precious tool that can determine the nature of a specific speech inside a storytelling about life. In order to seize the dynamics of the various speeches, I have simultaneously used three types of analysis: 1) a content analysis, 2) an analysis of the breaks in speech and 3) a textual analysis using ALCESTE software. The complementarity of these three types of analysis allowed me to select at random a limited number of statements and to gather an extensive number of informations helping to place them in context within the rescuers' narrations.From these different analyses, I have drawn two types of results. First, the DIESS show a pattern of words and emotions of the same kind, whatever the experience of the rescuer. I have interpreted that as the necessity for all rescuers to be integrated within a community in order to ensure their safety, faced by the risks of their job.The second type enabled me to distinguish five specific speech configurations within the DIESS, according to identity positioning and emotional involvement, ranging from "overwhelmed by talking" to "pleasure in talking". These analyses showed me that only experienced rescuers could master these different types of speech. In fact,inexperienced rescuers (but also experienced ones when placed in specific situations such as recent rescue experiences or close relationship with the victims) can only provide a basic narration of what happened , where the rescuers exists, body and soul, through the act of rescuing. On the other hand, experienced rescuers can place their bodies, the bearers of evoked and shared emotions, into perspective, within their accounts of rescue.I have concluded that the two processes that I have identified, the incorporation into a community, and the role of the body in the account of experience, contribute to the formation and the preservation of the members of the rescue profession. This process works all the quicker if the rescuers have been physically and emotionally exposed during their work (when a lot of emotions have arisen) and if they have been faced with exposing both themselves to themselves and to others through the telling of the experiences they have lived.; L’expérience doit s’exposer pour se développer.La notion d’exposition a ici un double sens : celui de s’exposer pendant son activité, c’est-à-dire en prenant des risques ; mais aussi en exposant, à soi ou à autrui, une expérience vécue.C’est ainsi que l’accès au discours d’expérience des sauveteurs de montagne est devenu pour nous, par la spécificité de cette activité professionnelle, un espace dynamique, mêlant de façon permanente expérience, discours d’expérience et émotions.Il nous a fallu, pour mener à bien notre exploration, délimiter différents temps d’expérience et d’émergence des émotions. Nous avons distingué le temps du secours, celui de l’agir du sauveteur et de l’émergence de ses émotions éprouvées, qui ouvre une nouvelle expérience vécue ; le temps du discours sur cette même expérience accompagné de l’apparition d’émotions évoquées et partagées avec le chercheur, qui ouvre une nouvelle expérience de discours ; et celui du temps écoulé entre le secours et le discours s’y rapportant.La question était de rendre compte de l’influence du poids de l’expérience sur les discours d’expérience et réciproquement, de voir si le rappel discursif de certains événements pouvait contribuer au développement de l’expérience professionnelle du sauveteur.Pour saisir les enjeux de constructions, nous avons récolté des entretiens auprès de sauveteurs au bagage expérientiel plus ou moins important, des néophytes au plus chevronnés. Dans chaque entretien nous avons été en mesure d’identifier des DIESS (Discours Interactifs d’Expérience Significative de Secours), un outil précieux délimitant les discours spécifiques de secours à l’intérieur des histoires de vie recueillies. Pour en saisir la dynamique nous avons simultanément lancé trois types d’analyses : une analyse de contenu, une analyse des ruptures discursives et une analyse textuelle à l’aide du logiciel ALCESTE. La complémentarité de ces trois analyses nous a permis de sélectionner à l’aveugle un nombre restreint d’énoncés et de recueillir un grand nombre d’informations utiles à leur contextualisation à l’intérieur des discours d’expérience des sauveteurs.De ces différentes analyses nous avons dégagé deux axes de résultat. Tout d’abord, les DIESS présentent un lexique et des émotions évoquées de même nature, et ce quelque soit l’expérience du sauveteur. Nous avons interprété cela par la nécessité pour tous les sauveteurs de s’in-corporer à une communauté pour assurer leur sécurité, face aux risques pris dans leur métier.Le deuxième axe nous a permis de d’identifier à l’intérieur des DIESS, selon des critères de positionnement identitaire et d’engagement émotionnel, cinq configurations discursives : du «Etre Submergé par le dire» au «Plaisir dans le dire». Leur analyse nous a montré que seul un sauveteur expérimenté a accès à l’ensemble de ces configurations. En effet, le néophyte (mais aussi le secouriste chevronné dans certains contextes : secours récent, proximité intime avec la victime…) ne sont pas en mesure de sortir de la simple rétrospection, où le sauveteur existe, corps et âme, à travers ou « par » le secours. En revanche, le sauveteur expérimenté arrive à mettre à distance son corps vécu, porteur d’émotion évoquée et partagée, « dans » ses récits de secours. Il devient alors un acteur porteur d’un «je» dans une scène dont son action passé est le centre.Nous en avons conclu que les deux processus que nous avons repéré, l’incorporation dans une communauté et le rôle du corps vécu dans le discours d’expérience, participent à la formation et au maintien du personnage professionnel, et ce, d’autant plus rapidement que l’acteur se sera exposé physiquement et psychologiquement dans son agir (émergence de nombreuses émotions) et qu’il se sera confronté à une exposition de soi à soi et de soi à autrui.

Experience must be exposed in order to develop.With the word 'exposed', I mean two things: during an activity, someone can expose themselves to a risk, but I also mean that an experience can be revealed, told to someone else.Thus, listening to and analyzing the different stories given by mountain rescuers, who have a specific work activity, has become for me a dynamic space where experience, the narration of experience, and the feelings involved are closely linked.In order to explore this new field, I have had to distinguish different phases : first, the moment of rescue when various emotions are expressed. I have distinguished the time of rescue, when the rescuers are in full action and when their emotions appear. It leads the way to a new experience of life. Second, the time when the rescuers relate their experiences and when their emotions are expressed and shared with the researcher, and, third, the time that has elapsed between the moment of the rescue and its telling.My purpose was to try to show how the extent of experience influences the narration of experience, and to try to determine whether the fact of telling what happened can develop the rescuers' skills.Consequently, I have gathered interviews of rescuers, either experienced or newcomers to the job. In every interview I have been able to identify several kinds of DIESS. (Discours Interactifs d'Expérience Significative de Secours: interactive narratives about significant rescue situations. ) The DIESS are a precious tool that can determine the nature of a specific speech inside a storytelling about life. In order to seize the dynamics of the various speeches, I have simultaneously used three types of analysis: 1) a content analysis, 2) an analysis of the breaks in speech and 3) a textual analysis using ALCESTE software. The complementarity of these three types of analysis allowed me to select at random a limited number of statements and to gather an extensive number of informations helping to place them in context within the rescuers' narrations.From these different analyses, I have drawn two types of results. First, the DIESS show a pattern of words and emotions of the same kind, whatever the experience of the rescuer. I have interpreted that as the necessity for all rescuers to be integrated within a community in order to ensure their safety, faced by the risks of their job.The second type enabled me to distinguish five specific speech configurations within the DIESS, according to identity positioning and emotional involvement, ranging from "overwhelmed by talking" to "pleasure in talking". These analyses showed me that only experienced rescuers could master these different types of speech. In fact,inexperienced rescuers (but also experienced ones when placed in specific situations such as recent rescue experiences or close relationship with the victims) can only provide a basic narration of what happened , where the rescuers exists, body and soul, through the act of rescuing. On the other hand, experienced rescuers can place their bodies, the bearers of evoked and shared emotions, into perspective, within their accounts of rescue.I have concluded that the two processes that I have identified, the incorporation into a community, and the role of the body in the account of experience, contribute to the formation and the preservation of the members of the rescue profession. This process works all the quicker if the rescuers have been physically and emotionally exposed during their work (when a lot of emotions have arisen) and if they have been faced with exposing both themselves to themselves and to others through the telling of the experiences they have lived., L’expérience doit s’exposer pour se développer.La notion d’exposition a ici un double sens : celui de s’exposer pendant son activité, c’est-à-dire en prenant des risques ; mais aussi en exposant, à soi ou à autrui, une expérience vécue.C’est ainsi que l’accès au discours d’expérience des sauveteurs de montagne est devenu pour nous, par la spécificité de cette activité professionnelle, un espace dynamique, mêlant de façon permanente expérience, discours d’expérience et émotions.Il nous a fallu, pour mener à bien notre exploration, délimiter différents temps d’expérience et d’émergence des émotions. Nous avons distingué le temps du secours, celui de l’agir du sauveteur et de l’émergence de ses émotions éprouvées, qui ouvre une nouvelle expérience vécue ; le temps du discours sur cette même expérience accompagné de l’apparition d’émotions évoquées et partagées avec le chercheur, qui ouvre une nouvelle expérience de discours ; et celui du temps écoulé entre le secours et le discours s’y rapportant.La question était de rendre compte de l’influence du poids de l’expérience sur les discours d’expérience et réciproquement, de voir si le rappel discursif de certains événements pouvait contribuer au développement de l’expérience professionnelle du sauveteur.Pour saisir les enjeux de constructions, nous avons récolté des entretiens auprès de sauveteurs au bagage expérientiel plus ou moins important, des néophytes au plus chevronnés. Dans chaque entretien nous avons été en mesure d’identifier des DIESS (Discours Interactifs d’Expérience Significative de Secours), un outil précieux délimitant les discours spécifiques de secours à l’intérieur des histoires de vie recueillies. Pour en saisir la dynamique nous avons simultanément lancé trois types d’analyses : une analyse de contenu, une analyse des ruptures discursives et une analyse textuelle à l’aide du logiciel ALCESTE. La complémentarité de ces trois analyses nous a permis de sélectionner à l’aveugle un nombre restreint d’énoncés et de recueillir un grand nombre d’informations utiles à leur contextualisation à l’intérieur des discours d’expérience des sauveteurs.De ces différentes analyses nous avons dégagé deux axes de résultat. Tout d’abord, les DIESS présentent un lexique et des émotions évoquées de même nature, et ce quelque soit l’expérience du sauveteur. Nous avons interprété cela par la nécessité pour tous les sauveteurs de s’in-corporer à une communauté pour assurer leur sécurité, face aux risques pris dans leur métier.Le deuxième axe nous a permis de d’identifier à l’intérieur des DIESS, selon des critères de positionnement identitaire et d’engagement émotionnel, cinq configurations discursives : du «Etre Submergé par le dire» au «Plaisir dans le dire». Leur analyse nous a montré que seul un sauveteur expérimenté a accès à l’ensemble de ces configurations. En effet, le néophyte (mais aussi le secouriste chevronné dans certains contextes : secours récent, proximité intime avec la victime…) ne sont pas en mesure de sortir de la simple rétrospection, où le sauveteur existe, corps et âme, à travers ou « par » le secours. En revanche, le sauveteur expérimenté arrive à mettre à distance son corps vécu, porteur d’émotion évoquée et partagée, « dans » ses récits de secours. Il devient alors un acteur porteur d’un «je» dans une scène dont son action passé est le centre.Nous en avons conclu que les deux processus que nous avons repéré, l’incorporation dans une communauté et le rôle du corps vécu dans le discours d’expérience, participent à la formation et au maintien du personnage professionnel, et ce, d’autant plus rapidement que l’acteur se sera exposé physiquement et psychologiquement dans son agir (émergence de nombreuses émotions) et qu’il se sera confronté à une exposition de soi à soi et de soi à autrui.

Over the last decades the world has been experimenting an increasing pressure to find solutions to energy crisis issues. As a result, the scientific research has been boosted towards the development of solutions related to alternative energy sources. In this context, several research programs have been supported. Among them, the ENIAC Project Joint Undertaking, Energy for a green society: from sustainable harvesting to smart distribution, equipment, materials, design solutions and their applications, within which the present work has been performed. In particular, this thesis is focused on the optimization of photovoltaic cells, through the use of mathematics tools and optimization techniques based on new theories like the Genetic Algorithm ones. The obtained results are new and they represent a noticeable improvement in the optimization of solar cells design and efficiency.

A mudança para o semeio direto em recipientes contendo substratos isentos de patógenos habituais do solo, não resolveu totalmente o problema do declínio e morte nos plantios de Pinus e Eucalyptus, associado à podridão de raízes. Esses problemas foram sempre atribuídos ao ataque dos fungos, Cyilndrocladium spp.,, patógenos com amplas faixas de hospedeiros e distribuição no Brasil, em áreas de mata e cerrado. As ocorrências de Cylindrocladium spp. são citadas como resultantes da predisposição de alguns hospedeiros com malformação de raízes, oriundas do viveiro ou por plantio inadequado. Amostras de solo de 1000 gramas foram coletadas em campo, de árvores de Pinus e Eucalyptus com mais de dois anos de plantio, afetadas ou não por declínio e podridão de raízes. Das observações da interação planta doente vs malformação de raízes, foram realizados diversos isolamentos, inclusive em solos virgens ou em pousio. Destes isolamentos, constatou-se a ampla distribuição do fungo C. clavatum, em reflorestamentos, com Pinus e Eucalyptus nos Estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina. Os experimentos, conduzidos com delineamento estatístico em casa de vegetação com mudas de Pinus taeda e Eucalyptus grandis, exibindo ou não raízes malformadas e inoculadas com estirpes patogênicas de C. clavatum comprovaram a elevada predisposição dessas mudas a infecções e morte pelo patógeno. No controle das infecções recomenda-se práticas de manejo mais adequadas à formação das mudas no viveiro principalmente nos plantios definitivos. Esses plantios devem ser mais correlacionados com o preparo do solo e a idade do material propagativo, evitando com isso os traumas e enovelamento das raízes de Pinus e Eucalyptus.

Ultralow-noise microwave amplification and detection play a central role in different applications, going from fundamental physics experiments to the deployment of quantum technologies. In many applications the necessity of reading multiple detectors, or cavities or qubits, calls for large bandwidth amplifiers with the lowest possible noise. Current technologies are based on High Electron Mobility Transistors and Josephson Parametric Amplifiers. Both have limitations, the former in terms of the minimum noise, the latter in terms of bandwidth. Superconducting Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) have the potential of offering quantum limited noise and large bandwidth. These amplifiers are based on the parametric amplification of microwaves traveling along a transmission line with embedded nonlinear elements. We are developing superconducting TWPAs based both on Josephson junction arrays (Traveling Wave Josephson Parametric mplifiers) and on nonlinear kinetic inductance (Dispersion Engineered Traveling Wave Kinetic Inductance Amplifiers). Our goal is to achieve large bandwidth (in the 5 to 10 GHz range), large gain (more than 20 dB), large saturation power (more than -50 dBm), and near quantum limited noise (noise temperature less than 600 mK). Current achievements in the design and development of the high performance TWPAs are here reported and discussed, together with current limitations and possible future developments.

In the last few years, several groups have proposed and developed their own platforms demonstrating quantum-limited linear parametric amplification, with evident applications in quantum information and computation, electrical and optical metrology, radio astronomy, and basic physics concerning axion detection. Here, we propose a short review on the physics behind parametric amplification via metamaterials composed by coplanar waveguides embedding several Josephson junctions. We present and compare different schemes that exploit the nonlinearity of the Josephson current-phase relation to mix the so-called signal, idler, and pump tones. The chapter then presents and compares three different theoretical models, developed in the last few years, to predict the dynamics of these nonlinear systems in the particular case of a 4-wave mixing process and under the degenerate undepleted pump assumption. We will demonstrate that, under the same assumption, all the results are comparable in terms of amplification of the output fields.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-18T18:21:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Iliany Maria Salgado.pdf: 52312576 bytes, checksum: 03fb11d7c71832fb496baf3f93018dcd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-18T18:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Iliany Maria Salgado.pdf: 52312576 bytes, checksum: 03fb11d7c71832fb496baf3f93018dcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-07 This research has as its main objective to introduce and analyze the environmental and socio-economic problems that have taken place in Concei??o da Barra - a city situated in the north region of Esp?rito Santo State - as a consequence of introduction of an exhaustively debated and quite controversial economic activity ? the monoculture of eucalyptus trees. The theme approach is based on a case study from Concei??o da Barra, which will update and complement the discussions presented in 1995 as subject of the author?s dissertation, as requirement for Master's Degree in Environmental and Forest Science at UFRRJ. This compendium introduces a real and updated socio-economic profile of the city of Concei??o da Barra, along with its environmental status and the performance of reforestation companies present in the area like ?FIBRIA? and ?SUZANO PAPEL e CELULOSE?. This research intends to resume the study of the area analyzed twenty years ago and to investigate, with the use of a more advanced methodology, the present features of the eucalyptus monoculture in Concei??o da Barra, as well as the environmental and socio-economic problems derived from such economic activity. It aims to compare past and present Concei??o da Barra contexts and to identify whether the problems detected in the past have been solved, whether new environmental practices have been adopted for the promotion of sustainable development, and whether all the demands related to improving the population's life quality have been met by the reforestation companies in the area. Two pieces of field research have taken place in Concei??o da Barra for data inventory. As for the methodology, qualitative research was selected. We interviewed representatives of the local political community, Town Hall workers, social activists, leaders of ?quilombola? communities, rural producers fostering reforestation, and also employees of reforestation companies living in rural and urban areas. The results obtained signal to the monoculture of eucalyptus trees as being a true originator of serious problems in Concei??o da Barra from environmental and socio-economic points of view, and reinforced the hypothesis that in the two last decades, new circumstances have aggravated the scenario causing a decadence process to the city. A proposta deste trabalho de pesquisa constitui-se, primordialmente, em apresentar e analisar os problemas ambientais e econ?mico-sociais ocorridos no munic?pio de Concei??o da Barra - localizado no norte do estado do Esp?rito Santo - em decorr?ncia da introdu??o de uma atividade econ?mica bastante discutida atualmente e geradora de v?rias pol?micas - o monocultivo de eucalipto. A abordagem da tem?tica ser? feita a partir de um estudo de caso do respectivo munic?pio, que atualizar? e complementar? as discuss?es desenvolvidas na disserta??o apresentada pela autora em 1995, na UFRRJ, como requisito obrigat?rio para a finaliza??o do curso de Mestrado em Ci?ncias Ambientais e Florestais. O comp?ndio mostrar? o perfil s?cio econ?mico atual e ver?dico do Munic?pio de Concei??o da Barra, seu status ambiental e a atua??o das empresas reflorestadoras que trabalham na ?rea: FIBRIA e SUZANO PAPEL e CELULOSE. Os objetivos pretendidos com a pesquisa ? retomar a ?rea estudada h? vinte anos e investigar, com metodologia mais avan?ada, as caracter?sticas atuais do monocultivo de eucalipto no munic?pio de Concei??o da Barra e os problemas ambientais e econ?mico-sociais derivados dessa atividade econ?mica, comparando a atual conjuntura ambiental e econ?mico-social de Concei??o da Barra com o cen?rio constatado e analisado h? duas d?cadas, buscando identificar se os dist?rbios, outrora detectados, foram solucionados; se novas pr?ticas ambientais foram adotadas para a promo??o do desenvolvimento sustent?vel e se todas as demandas, pertinentes ? melhoria da qualidade de vida da popula??o do munic?pio, foram atendidas pelas empresas reflorestadoras que operam na ?rea. Foram realizados dois trabalhos de campo no Munic?pio de Concei??o da Barra para a execu??o do invent?rio de dados. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, com a realiza??o de conversas e entrevistas consistentes com representantes da pol?tica local, funcion?rios da Prefeitura Municipal, participantes dos movimentos sociais que agem no munic?pio, lideran?as das comunidades quilombolas, agricultores, produtores rurais participantes do fomento florestal e diversos habitantes do meio rural, empregados das reflorestadoras e alguns habitantes do espa?o urbano. Os resultados obtidos sinalizam que o monocultivo de eucalipto trouxe, verdadeiramente, s?rios problemas para Concei??o da Barra tanto sob o ponto de vista ambiental quanto o econ?mico-social e ratificam a hip?tese de que nas ?ltimas duas d?cadas, novas circunst?ncias agravaram esse cen?rio acarretando uma decad?ncia no munic?pio.