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1. Peptide YY

Author

Gomez, Guillermo, Udupi, Vidyavathi, Greeley, George H., Jr., Conn, P. Michael, editor, and Greeley, George H., Jr., editor

Published
1999
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7. Involvement of a Stat3 binding site in inflammation-induced enteric apelin expression

Author

Han, Song, Wang, Gniyun, Qi, Xiang, Englander, Ella W., and Greeley, George H., Jr.

Subjects
DNA binding proteins -- Health aspects, Ligands (Biochemistry) -- Health aspects, Gastrointestinal system -- Health aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Apelin is the endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor; both are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Experimental colitis in rodents and inflammatory bowel disease in humans are associated with increased intestinal apelin production. Our aim was to use LPS and proinflammatory cytokine-treated (IL-6 and IFN--[gamma]) rodents or enteric cells to identify signaling mechanisms underlying inflammation-induced enteric apelin expression. LPS, IL-6, or IFN-[gamma]/treatment of rodents increased enteric apelin expression. Pharmacological blockade of Jak/Stat signaling or IL-6 antibody administration inhibited elevations in enteric apelin expression. Transient transfection experiments showed that LPS, IL-6, or IFN-[gamma] increased apelin expression by stimulation of apelin promoter activity, and blockade of Jak/Stat signaling abolished elevations in apelin promoter activity. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that IL-6 induced binding of phospho-Stat3 to a putative Stat3 site in the apelin promoter; mutation of this site abrogated the LPS-induced elevation in apelin promoter activity. Together, our findings indicate that binding of phospho-Stat3 to the apelin promoter is the final step underlying proinflammatory cytokine-induced enteric apelin expression during intestinal inflammation. rodent; gastrointestinal tract; lipopolysaccharide

Published
2008

8. Ghrelin secretion is not reduced by increased fat mass during diet-induced obesity

Author

Qi, Xiang, Reed, Jason T., Wang, Guiyun, Han, Song, Englander, Ella W., and Greeley, George H., Jr.

Subjects
Ghrelin -- Control, Obesity -- Research, Adipose tissues -- Influence, Secretion -- Control, Biological sciences
Abstract

Ghrelin is a stomach hormone that stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion, adiposity, and food intake. Gastric ghrelin production and secretion are regulated by caloric intake; ghrelin secretion increases during fasting, decreases with refeeding, and is reduced by diet-induced obesity. The aim of the present study was to test the hypotheses that 1) an increase in body adiposity will play an inhibitory role in the reduction of gastric ghrelin synthesis and secretion during chronic ingestion of a high-fat (HF) diet and 2) chronic ingestion of an HF diet will suppress the rise in circulating ghrelin levels in response to acute fasting. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard AIN-76A (~5-12% of calories from fat) or an HF (~45% of calories from fat) diet. The effect of increased adiposity on gastric ghrelin homeostasis was assessed by comparison of stomach ghrelin production and plasma ghrelin levels in obese and nonobese rats fed the HF diet. HF diet-fed, nonobese rats were generated by administration of triiodothyronine to lower body fat accumulation. Our findings indicate that an increased fat mass per se does not exert an inhibitory effect on ghrelin homeostasis during ingestion of the HF diet. Additionally, the magnitude of change in plasma ghrelin in response to fasting was not blunted, indicating that a presumed, endogenous signal for activation of ingestive behavior remains intact, despite excess stored calories in HF-fed rats. gut hormones; regulation

Published
2008

9. Apelin

Author

Han, Song, primary, Greeley, George H., additional, and Englander, Ella W., additional

Published
2013
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10. Contributors

Author

Aalen, Reidunn B., primary, Abdel-Wahab, Yasser H.A., additional, Adams, Michael E., additional, Adan, Roger A.H., additional, Ahima, Rexford S., additional, Ahmed, Naima, additional, Al-Massadi, Omar, additional, Altstein, Miriam, additional, Anouar, Youssef, additional, Anselmi, Laura, additional, Ansorge, Siegfried, additional, Antcheva, Nikolinka, additional, Antonova-Koch, Yevgeniya, additional, Appel, Jon R., additional, Arik, Anam J., additional, Arter, Alison L., additional, Arvan, Peter, additional, Ashkenazi, Avraham, additional, Baas, P.W., additional, Bado, André, additional, Baird, Andrew, additional, Baiula, Monica, additional, Bakaletz, Lauren O., additional, Bakken, Earl E., additional, Balaskó, Márta, additional, Baldwin, Graham S., additional, Banks, William A., additional, Barra, Donatella, additional, Barson, Jessica R., additional, Basille, Magali, additional, Bauer, Natalie N., additional, Bedini, Andrea, additional, Beeton, Christine, additional, Begley, David J., additional, Beinfeld, Margery C., additional, Bendena, William G., additional, Benoit, Stephen C., additional, Bentov, Itay, additional, Bern, Howard, additional, Bierbaum, Gabriele, additional, Billington, Charles J., additional, Blasiak, Anna, additional, Block, Norman L., additional, Bloom, Stephen. R., additional, Bonney, Iwona, additional, Bowie, John H., additional, Boyd, Sunny K., additional, Brain, Susan D., additional, Brede, Dag A., additional, Broeck, Jozef Vanden, additional, Brown, Kelly L., additional, Brown, Mark R., additional, Bugni, James M., additional, Bundgaard, Jens R., additional, Burel, Delphine, additional, Butenko, Melinka A., additional, Call, Melissa J., additional, Calò, Girolamo, additional, Campbell, Duncan John, additional, Carlsson, Anna, additional, Carr, Daniel B., additional, Carraway, Robert E., additional, Carreira, Marcos C., additional, Casanueva, Felipe F., additional, Cassella, Sarah N., additional, Casson, Stuart A., additional, Castaño, Justo P., additional, Cebrat, Marek, additional, Chappe, Valerie, additional, Chatenet, David, additional, Chen, Keqiang, additional, Chen, Chen, additional, Chen, Longchuan, additional, Chen, Duan, additional, Cheng, Carrie Y.Y., additional, Cho, Sung Ki, additional, Chow, Billy K.C., additional, Christopoulos, Arthur, additional, Chu, Shijian, additional, Clarke, Iain J., additional, Coast, Geoffrey M., additional, Compere, Vincent, additional, Concepcion, Gisela P., additional, Cone, Roger D., additional, Conlon, J. Michael, additional, Cornélissen, Germaine, additional, Courel, Maité, additional, Couture, Réjean, additional, Cramer, W.A., additional, Croft, Nathan P., additional, Crujeiras, Ana B., additional, Cuttitta, Frank, additional, Cynis, Holger, additional, D’Acquisto, F., additional, Davis, Jon F., additional, Davis, Thomas P., additional, de La Serre, Claire Barbier, additional, de Lartigue, Guillaume, additional, de Lecea, Luis, additional, de Oliveira Santos, Marcelo, additional, De Waard, Michel, additional, Bolette Hartmann, Carolyn F. Deacon, additional, Delestre, Charlène, additional, Delgado, Mario, additional, Demuth, Hans-Ulrich, additional, Deng, Xiaoming, additional, Dharmawardhana, Palitha, additional, Di Cosmo, Anna, additional, Dias, Simoni Campos, additional, Dickerson, Jonathan W., additional, Diep, Dzung B., additional, Dircksen, H., additional, Dischinger, Jasmin, additional, do Rego, Jean-Claude, additional, Dobner, Paul R., additional, Dockray, Graham J., additional, Dores, Robert M., additional, Ducroc, Robert, additional, Dudek, Nadine L., additional, Dumont, Yvan, additional, Duraffourd, Celine, additional, Duterte-Boucher, Dominique, additional, Eberlé, Alex N., additional, Egleton, Richard D., additional, Eipper, Betty A., additional, Engel, Jorg B., additional, Englander, Ella W., additional, Epelbaum, Jacques, additional, Erlanson-Albertsson, Charlotte, additional, Evangelista, S., additional, Fagan, Karen A., additional, Farber, Joshua M., additional, Farkasfalvi, Klára, additional, Fekete, Csaba, additional, Flatt, Peter R., additional, Flower, R.J., additional, Forssmann, Wolf-Georg, additional, Fournier, Alain, additional, Foy, Kevin Chu, additional, Franco, Octávio Luiz, additional, Frenkel, Dan, additional, Fricker, Lloyd D., additional, de la Fuente-Núñez, César, additional, Fukuda, Hiroo, additional, Gäde, Gerd, additional, Galas, Ludovic, additional, Gallagher, Patricia E., additional, Gandolfo, Pierrick, additional, Garcia-Espinosa, Maria A., additional, García-Sanmartín, Josune, additional, Geary, Nori, additional, Geng, Hua, additional, Germano, Patrizia M., additional, Goetze, Jens P., additional, Gonzalez, Alexis A., additional, Gonzalez, Ana, additional, Gosnell, Blake A., additional, Goto, Katsutoshi, additional, Gourcerol, Guillaume, additional, Gozes, I., additional, Gracia-Navarro, Francisco, additional, Grayson, Bernadette E., additional, Greeley, George H., additional, Greenwald-Yarnell, Megan, additional, Gressens, Pierre, additional, Grider, John R., additional, Grünewald, Jan, additional, Guerreiro, Juliano R., additional, Guerrini, Remo, additional, Guida, Filomena, additional, Guilhaudis, Laure, additional, Guilmeau, Sandra, additional, Gundlach, Andrew L., additional, Gutkowska, Jolanta, additional, Hackbarth, Clifton, additional, Haim Ohana, Y., additional, Halberg, Franz, additional, Hallberg, Mathias, additional, Hamidi, Sayyed A., additional, Han, Song, additional, Han, Ji-Sheng, additional, Hancock, Robert E.W., additional, Haque, Samer-ul, additional, Hara-Nishimura, Ikuko, additional, Hariton, Aliza, additional, Hartsock, Wendy J., additional, Harvey, Alan L., additional, Hasunuma, Itaru, additional, Henning, Robert J., additional, Heppner, Kristy M., additional, Hertweck, Kate L., additional, Herzog, Herbert, additional, Higashiyama, Tetsuya, additional, Hinuma, Shuji, additional, Hippenstiel, Stefan, additional, Hirakawa, Yuki, additional, Hirose, Shuichi, additional, Hirsch, Jochen R., additional, Hocke, Andreas C., additional, Hodges, Robert S., additional, Hoffmann, Werner, additional, Hökfelt, Tomas, additional, Holst, Jens Juul, additional, Holzer, Peter, additional, Horodyski, Frank M., additional, Hosoda, Hiroshi, additional, Hou, Xiaowen, additional, Huffaker, Alisa, additional, Iijima, Norio, additional, Ikeuchi, Momoko, additional, Imperial, Julita S., additional, Improta, Giovanna, additional, Inui, Akio, additional, Irwin, Nigel, additional, Ishii, Munehiro, additional, Iturrioz, Xavier, additional, Ivanisevic, Ljubica, additional, Iwao, Hiroshi, additional, Iwata, Takeo, additional, Izumi, Yasukatsu, additional, Izumiyama, Hajime, additional, Jankowski, Marek, additional, Janssen, Tom, additional, Jégou, Sylvie, additional, Jensen, Robert T., additional, Jethwa, Preeti H., additional, Johannessen, Helene, additional, Johanson, Conrad, additional, Judkowski, Valeria, additional, Kaczmarek, Przemyslaw, additional, Kageyama, Haruaki, additional, Kakimoto, Tatsuo, additional, Kang, Ki Sung, additional, Kangawa, Kenji, additional, Kastin, Abba J., additional, Kato, Johji, additional, Kaumaya, Pravin T.P., additional, Keep, Richard F., additional, Kem, William R., additional, Khomenko, Tetyana, additional, Kikuyama, Sakae, additional, Kim, Young-Joon, additional, Kimura, Sadao, additional, King, Ross, additional, Kiptoo, Paul, additional, Kishimoto, Ichiro, additional, Kitamura, Kazuo, additional, Kluczyk, Alicja, additional, Kobori, Hiroyuki, additional, Kodama, Yosuke, additional, Kojima, Masayasu, additional, Kondo, Yuki, additional, Körner, Meike, additional, Kosson, Piotr, additional, Kotz, Catherine M., additional, Krishnan, Bhavani, additional, Kulseng, Bård, additional, Kumpf, Robert, additional, Laburthe, Marc, additional, Lacaille, Hélène, additional, Ladenheim, Ellen E., additional, Ladram, Ali, additional, Laksitorini, Marlyn D., additional, Lambert, David G., additional, Lange, Angela B., additional, Langhans, Wolfgang, additional, Larauche, Muriel, additional, Larhammar, Dan, additional, Larráyoz, Ignacio M., additional, Lattanzi, Roberta, additional, Lechan, Ronald M., additional, Lefranc, Benjamin, additional, Leibowitz, Sarah F., additional, Lelièvre, Vincent, additional, Leprince, Jérôme, additional, Levine, Allen S., additional, Li, Qun, additional, Lifshitz, Veronica, additional, Lihrmann, Isabelle, additional, Chi-Jen Lin, James, additional, Lindberg, Iris, additional, Lindsey, Keith, additional, Lipkowski, Andrzej W., additional, Liron, T., additional, Liu, Junli, additional, Liu, Ying, additional, Liu, Min, additional, Llorens-Cortes, Catherine, additional, Loizidou, Marilena, additional, Lopez, C., additional, Lovejoy, David A., additional, Luca, Vincenzo, additional, Lutz, Thomas A., additional, Ma, Sherie, additional, Mains, Richard E., additional, Malagon, Maria M., additional, Malendowicz, Ludwik K., additional, Wan, Jennifer Man-Fan, additional, Mangoni, Maria Luisa, additional, Manigrasso, Michaele B, additional, Marahiel, Mohamed A., additional, Marco, Heather G., additional, Maric-Bilkan, Christine, additional, Marks, Nikki J., additional, Martin, Roland, additional, Martinez, Vicente, additional, Martínez, Alfredo, additional, Martinez-Fuentes, Antonio J., additional, Masler, Edward P., additional, Matsubayashi, Yoshikatsu, additional, Mattu, Harman S., additional, Maule, Aaron G., additional, McLaughlin, Patricia J., additional, McMurtry, Ivan F., additional, Meelkop, Ellen, additional, Mehdi, Saher, additional, Melchiorri, Pietro, additional, Millar, R.P., additional, Miller, Laurence J., additional, Miller, Miles, additional, Million, Mulugeta, additional, Minamino, Naoto, additional, Mittelman, M., additional, Miyauchi, Takashi, additional, Miyazato, Mikiya, additional, Mizoguchi, Hirokazu, additional, Mohme, Malte, additional, Montero-Hadjadje, Maité, additional, Moody, Terry W., additional, Mookherjee, Neeloffer, additional, Moran, Timothy H., additional, Morganstern, Irene, additional, Mori, Masatomo, additional, Morin, Fabrice, additional, Morris, John F., additional, Moura, Daniel S., additional, Mudge, Anna J., additional, Mul, Joram D., additional, Murthy, Karnam S., additional, Myers, Martin G., additional, Nachman, Ronald J., additional, Nahon, Jean-Louis, additional, Naithani, Sushma, additional, Nakada, Tomoaki, additional, Nakamachi, Tomoya, additional, Nakamura, Yuki, additional, Nalivaeva, Natalia N., additional, Nasrallah, June B., additional, Nässel, Dick R., additional, Navar, L. Gabriel, additional, Neelakantan, Pratap, additional, Negri, Lucia, additional, Nes, Ingolf F., additional, Neumann, D., additional, Neveu, Cindy, additional, Ng, Tzi Bun, additional, Ng, Stephanie Y.L., additional, Nicholson, Graham M., additional, Nicolas, Pierre, additional, Nishikimi, Toshio, additional, Nishiyama, Mariko, additional, Nogueiras, Rubén, additional, Norton, Raymond S., additional, Novotny, Laura A., additional, Nowak, Krzysztof W., additional, Nyberg, Fred, additional, Ochoa-Callejero, Laura, additional, Ove Ögren, Sven, additional, Ohgusu, Hideko, additional, Oh-I, Shinsuke, additional, Ojo, Opeolu O., additional, Olivera, Baldomero M., additional, Olucha-Bordonau, Francisco E., additional, Oppenheim, Joost J., additional, Orchard, Ian, additional, Ouellette, André J., additional, Pacheco-López, Gustavo, additional, Page, Nigel M., additional, Palma, Mario Sergio, additional, Pan, Weihong, additional, Park, Yoonseong, additional, Parmentier, Marc, additional, Passemard, Sandrine, additional, Patterson, Michael, additional, Paunovic, Brankica, additional, Pearce, Gregory, additional, Pedersen, Jens, additional, Peeters, Theo L., additional, Eugene Pekary, A., additional, Pelletier, Georges, additional, Perboni, Simona, additional, Pérez-Tilve, Diego, additional, Perjés, Ábel, additional, Perretti, M., additional, Pétervári, Erika, additional, Pinilla, Clemencia, additional, Pinskim, Jacek, additional, Pisegna, Joseph R., additional, Plankensteiner, Kristof, additional, Podvin, Sonia, additional, Poitras, Pierre, additional, Polese, Gianluca, additional, Pollock, David M., additional, Porto, William Farias, additional, Possani, Lourival D., additional, Pothoulakis, Charalabos, additional, Presse, Françoise, additional, Prieto, Minolfa C., additional, Prutchi-Sagiv, S., additional, Purcell, Anthony W., additional, Purtell, Louise, additional, Quirion, Rémi, additional, Rabat, Catalina Abad, additional, Rademaker, Miriam, additional, Rajpal, Gautam, additional, Randeva, Harpal S., additional, Rebuffat, Sylvie, additional, Reeve, Joseph R., additional, Rehfeld, Jens F., additional, Reinhold, Dirk, additional, Reinscheid, Rainer K., additional, Reubi, Jean Claude, additional, Rezvani, Katayoun, additional, Ribeiro, Suzana Meira, additional, Richard, D., additional, Richards, Mark, additional, Riehle, Michael A., additional, Rinaldi, Andrea C., additional, Rode, Bernd M., additional, de la Vega, Ricardo C. Rodríguez, additional, Rotzinger, Susan, additional, Rucinski, Marcin, additional, Ruskoaho, Heikki, additional, Ryan, Philip J., additional, Sabatier, Jean-Marc, additional, Sahl, Hans-Georg, additional, Said, Sami I., additional, Sakurada, Tsukasa, additional, Sakurada, Shinobu, additional, Salomon, David S., additional, Samson, Willis K., additional, Sandor, Zsuzsanna, additional, Saragovi, H. Uri, additional, Sasaki, Kazuki, additional, Sato, Takahiro, additional, Satou, Ryousuke, additional, Sawa, Shinichiro, additional, Sayegh, Ayman I., additional, Schally, Andrew V., additional, Schilling, Stephan, additional, Schoofs, Liliane, additional, Schooley, David A., additional, Schubert, Mitchell L., additional, Segalas-Milazzo, Isabelle, additional, Seidah, Nabil G., additional, Selsted, Michael E., additional, Seroogy, Kim B., additional, Severini, Cinzia, additional, Sexton, Patrick M., additional, Shai, Yechiel, additional, Sharma, O., additional, Shichiri, Masayoshi, additional, Shimada, Tomoo, additional, Shimizu, Hiroyuki, additional, Shioda, Seiji, additional, Shulkes, Arthur, additional, Siahaan, Teruna J., additional, Siemion, Ignacy Z., additional, Silva, Osmar Nascimento, additional, Silva-Filho, Marcio C., additional, Skwarczynski, Mariusz, additional, Small, Caroline. J., additional, Smith, Craig M., additional, Smith, David E., additional, Smith, A. Ian, additional, Solomon, Beka, additional, Solomon, Travis E., additional, Sospedra, Mireia, additional, Souroujon, M.C., additional, Spampinato, Santi, additional, Spindel, Eliot R., additional, Steiger, A., additional, Stengel, Andreas, additional, Sternini, Catia, additional, Steyn, Frederik J., additional, Stopa, Edward, additional, Strowski, Mathias Z., additional, Sugano, Shigeo S., additional, Sundström, Görel, additional, Sutcliffe, J. Gregor, additional, Suttorp, Norbert, additional, Sweedler, Jonathan V., additional, Szabo, Sandor, additional, Székely, Miklós, additional, Szokodi, István, additional, Taché, Yvette, additional, Takahashi, Kazuhiro, additional, Takei, Yoshio, additional, Takenoya, Fumiko, additional, Talbot, Sébastien, additional, Tallant, E. Ann, additional, Tan, Tricia M., additional, Temmerman, Liesbet, additional, Temmesfeld-Wollbrück, Bettina, additional, Tena-Sempere, Manuel, additional, Thorsell, Annika, additional, Tilakaratne, Nanda, additional, Tobe, Stephen S., additional, Tokudome, Takeshi, additional, Tolstanova, Ganna, additional, Tonon, Marie-Christine, additional, Topping, Jennifer F., additional, Tossi, Alessandro, additional, Tostivint, Hervé, additional, Toth, Istvan, additional, Totsune, Kazuhito, additional, Toyoda, Fumiyo, additional, Troke, Rachel, additional, Tschöp, Matthias H., additional, Tso, Patrick, additional, Tsukaya, Hirokazu, additional, Tsutsui, Kazuyoshi, additional, Tu, Hong, additional, Turner, Anthony J., additional, Ubuka, Takayoshi, additional, Valdivia, Elene R., additional, Vandersmissen, Hans Peter, additional, Vaudry, David, additional, Vaudry, Hubert, additional, Vazquez-Martinez, Rafael, additional, Verbalis, Joseph G., additional, Vicari, Daniele, additional, Vidal, Nicolas, additional, Vignoni, Marzia, additional, Viollet, Cécile, additional, Vishwanatha, K.S., additional, Vivoli, Mirella, additional, Voisin, Thierry, additional, Vu, John P., additional, Walker, John C., additional, Wallace, B.A., additional, Wang, Ji Ming, additional, Wang, Lixin, additional, Wardman, Jonathan H., additional, Watanabe, Takuya, additional, Welch, Hazel, additional, Werner, Haim, additional, Whitmore, L., additional, Wiedemann, Imke, additional, Winsky-Sommerer, Raphaelle, additional, Witt, Ken A., additional, Wojciechowicz, Tatiana, additional, Wong, Jack Ho, additional, Woods, Stephen C., additional, Wootten, Denise, additional, Wu, Vincent, additional, Wurtz, Olivier, additional, Xiong, Ximing, additional, David Xu, Zhi-Qing, additional, Yamaguchi, Yube, additional, Yamaguchi, Takahiro, additional, Yamamoto, Kazutoshi, additional, Yamashita, E., additional, Yamazaki, Hiroyuki, additional, Yang, De, additional, Yoshikawa, Masaaki, additional, Yuan, Pu-Qing, additional, Yung, Sunny C., additional, Zagon, Ian S., additional, Zakharov, S.D., additional, Zaman, Mehfuz, additional, Zhalnina, M.V., additional, Zhang, Ning, additional, Zhang-Auberson, Lixin, additional, Zhao, Chun-Mei, additional, Ziolkowska, Agnieszka, additional, and Zitnan, Dusan, additional

Published
2013
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12. Effect of chronic hyperghrelinemia on ingestive action of ghrelin

Author

Wei, Wei, Qi, Xiang, Reed, Jason, Ceci, Jeff, Wang, Hui-Qun, Wang, Guiyun, Englander, Ella W., and Greeley, George H., Jr.

Subjects
Ghrelin -- Research, Somatotropin -- Research, Genetically modified mice -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The stomach hormone ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Systemic administration of ghrelin will cause elevations in growth hormone (GH) secretion, food intake, adiposity, and body growth. Ghrelin also affects insulin secretion, gastric acid secretion, and gastric motility. Several reports indicate that repeated or continuous activation of GHS-R by exogenous GHSs or ghrelin results in a diminished GH secretory response. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which the acute stimulation of food intake by exogenous ghrelin is altered by chronic hyperghrelinemia in transgenic mice that overexpress the human ghrelin gene. The present findings show that the orexigenic action of exogenous ghrelin is not diminished by a chronic hyperghrelinemia and indicate that the food ingestive pathway of the GHS-R is not susceptible to desensitization. In contrast, the epididymal fat pad growth response, like the GH response, to exogenous ghrelin is blunted in ghrelin transgenic mice with chronic hyperghrelinemia. food intake; transgenic mice; growth; fat pad

Published
2006

13. Inhibition of mitochondrial gene transcription suppresses neurotensin secretion in the human carcinoid cell line BON

Author

Li, Nan, Wang, Qingding, Li, Jing, Wang, Xiaofu, Hellmich, Mark R., Rajaraman, Srinivasan, Greeley, George H., Jr., Townsend, Courtney M., Jr., and Evers, B. Mark

Subjects
Neurosecretion -- Research, Neurotensin -- Research, Mitochondria -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Mitochondria, organelles essential for ATP production, play a central role in a number of cellular functions, including the regulation of insulin secretion. Neurotensin (NT), an important regulatory intestinal hormone, has been implicated in fatty acid translocation, gut motility and secretion, and intestinal cell growth; however, mechanisms regulating NT secretion have not been entirely defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inhibition of mitochondrial gene transcription on NT secretion. BON cells, a novel human carcinoid cell line that produces and secretes NT peptide and expresses the gene encoding NT (designated NT/N), were treated with ethidium bromide (EB; 0.05, 0.1, and 0.4 [micro]g/ml), an inhibitor of DNA and RNA synthesis, or vehicle over a time course (1-4 days). Cells were then stimulated with either ACh (100 [micro]M) or phorbol 12 myristate,13-acetate (PMA, 10 nM) for 30 min. Media and cells were extracted, and NT peptide measured by RIA. Treatment with EB had no effect on BON cell viability or cell cycle distribution over the 4-day course. In contrast, EB treatment produced a dose-dependent reduction of mitochondrial gene expression; however, NT/N gene expression was not altered. Mitochondrial inhibition by EB treatment suppressed NT secretion induced by ACh and PMA, both in a dose-dependent manner. EB-mediated inhibition of NT secretion and mitochondrial gene expression was reversed with removal of EB. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of mitochondrial gene transcription suppresses both ACh- and PMA-stimulated NT release. These findings are the first to demonstrate that mitochondrial function is important for agonist-mediated NT secretion. gut endocrine cells; peptide secretion

Published
2005

15. Contributors

Author

Abraham, Clara, primary, Abreu, Maria T., additional, Akiba, Yasutada, additional, Anderson, James M., additional, Aziz, Qasim, additional, Baker, Kristi, additional, Baldwin, Graham S., additional, Barnard, John A., additional, Bharucha, Adil E., additional, Bitar, Khalil N., additional, Ashley Blackshaw, L., additional, Blumberg, Richard S., additional, Bommer, Guido T., additional, Bornstein, Joel C., additional, Brierley, Stuart M., additional, Brookes, Simon J.H., additional, Chao, Celia, additional, Cho, Judy, additional, Coen, Steven J., additional, Collins, James F., additional, Dempsey, Peter J., additional, Koh, Sang Don, additional, Englander, Ella W., additional, Enomoto, Hideki, additional, Fearon, Eric R., additional, Fiebiger, Edda, additional, Frey, Mark R., additional, Fukata, Masayuki, additional, Fukudo, Shin, additional, Furness, John B., additional, Ghishan, Fayez K., additional, Gillilland, Merritt G., additional, Gilmont, Robert R., additional, Gomez, Guillermo A., additional, Greeley, George H., additional, Gwynne, Rachel M., additional, Ham, Maggie, additional, Harrington, Andrea, additional, Hebbard, Geoffrey S., additional, Hellmich, Mark R., additional, Hermann, Gerlinda E., additional, Herness, Scott, additional, Hobson, Anthony R., additional, Holzer, Peter, additional, Horowitz, Michael, additional, Huffnagle, Gary B., additional, Hughes, Patrick, additional, Jadcherla, Sudarshan R., additional, Johansen, Finn-Eirik, additional, Johnson, Leonard R., additional, Katz, Jonathan P., additional, Kaunitz, Jonathan D., additional, Kuemmerle, John F., additional, Labus, Jennifer S., additional, Lavoie, Brigitte, additional, Lencer, Wayne I., additional, Linden, David R., additional, Ma, Thomas Y., additional, Massol, Ramiro, additional, Mawe, Gary M., additional, Mayer, Emeran A., additional, McHugh, Kirk M., additional, Merchant, Juanita L., additional, Mittal, Ravinder K., additional, Montrose, Marshall H., additional, Naliboff, Bruce D., additional, Nelson, Mark T., additional, Newgreen, Donald F., additional, Brent Polk, D., additional, Poole, Daniel P., additional, Pozo, Maria J., additional, Raghavan, Shreya, additional, Ray, Ramesh M., additional, Rayner, Christopher K., additional, Rogers, Richard C., additional, Rozengurt, Enrique, additional, Samuelson, Linda C., additional, Sanders, Kenton M., additional, Shaker, Reza, additional, Sjövall, Henrik, additional, Somara, Sita, additional, Szurszewski, Joseph H., additional, Tack, Jan, additional, Takeuchi, Koji, additional, Tetreault, Marie-Pier, additional, Tillisch, Kirsten, additional, Turner, Jerrold R., additional, van den Brink, Gijs R., additional, van Dop, Willemijn A., additional, VanDussen, Kelli L., additional, Wald, Arnold, additional, Ward, Sean M., additional, Wood, Jackie D., additional, Wright, Nicholas A., additional, Xu, Hua, additional, Yang, Vincent W., additional, Young, Heather M., additional, Young, Vincent B., additional, Abumrad, Nada A., additional, Alrefai, Waddah A., additional, Ambatipudi, Kiran S., additional, Ammoury, Rana F., additional, Anderson, Gregory J., additional, Argent, Barry E., additional, Borthakur, Alip, additional, Case, R.Maynard, additional, Catalán, Marcelo A., additional, Chen, Zhouji, additional, Cheng, Xiaodong, additional, Chepurny, Oleg G., additional, Cousins, Robert J., additional, Cuppoletti, John, additional, Davidson, Nicholas O., additional, Dawson, Paul A., additional, de Lartigue, Guillaume, additional, Dudeja, Pradeep K., additional, Forte, John G., additional, Ganapathy, Vadivel, additional, Gill, Ravinder K., additional, Gorelick, Fred S., additional, Granger, D.Neil, additional, Gray, Michael A., additional, Grisham, Matthew B., additional, Harrison, Earl H., additional, Hecht, Gail, additional, Hirayama, Bruce A., additional, Hodges, Kim, additional, Holt, George G., additional, Israel, Dawn A., additional, Jamieson, James D., additional, Karvar, Serhan, additional, Kevil, Christopher G., additional, Kiela, Pawel R., additional, Kowdley, Kris V., additional, LaRusso, Nicholas F., additional, Leech, Colin A., additional, Liddle, Rodger A., additional, Liu, Sumei, additional, Loo, Donald D.F., additional, Lynch, John P., additional, MacNaughton, Wallace K., additional, Malinowska, Danuta H., additional, Mansbach, Charles M., additional, Masyuk, Anatoliy I., additional, Masyuk, Tatyana V., additional, McKay, Derek M., additional, Melvin, James E., additional, Messner, Donald J., additional, Meyer, Mark B., additional, Murray, Karen F., additional, Nexo, Ebba, additional, Okamoto, Curtis, additional, Ortega, Bernardo, additional, Ouellette, André J., additional, Peek, Richard M., additional, Wesley Pike, J., additional, Raybould, Helen E., additional, Rustgi, Anil K., additional, Said, Hamid M., additional, Sala-Rabanal, Monica, additional, Schubert, Mitchell L., additional, Seidler, Ursula, additional, Sjöblom, Markus, additional, Söderholm, Johan D., additional, Steward, Martin C., additional, Thiagarajah, Jay R., additional, Verkman, A.S., additional, Welling, Paul A., additional, Williams, John A., additional, Wolkoff, Allan W., additional, Wright, Ernest M., additional, Yao, Xuebiao, additional, and Yule, David I., additional

Published
2012
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16. Cholecystokinin secretagogue-induced gastroprotection: role of nitric oxide and blood flow

Author

West, Sonlee D., Helmer, Kenneth S., Chang, Lily K., Cui, Yan, Greeley, George H., and Mercer, David W.

Subjects
Physiology -- Research, Cholecystokinin -- Physiological aspects, Nitric oxide -- Physiological aspects, Stomach -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

This study was done to examine the role of CCK in gastric mucosal defense and to assess the gastroprotective roles of nitric oxide and blood flow. In rats, the CCK secretagogues oleate and soybean trypsin inhibitor augmented gastric mucosal blood flow and prevented gastric injury from luminal irritants. Type A CCK receptor blockade negated CCK secretagogue-induced gastroprotection and exacerbated gastric injury from bile and ethanol but did not block adaptive cytoprotection. CCK secretagogue-induced gastroprotection and hyperemia were negated by nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition ([N.sup.G]nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) but not by selective inducible NOS inhibition (aminoguanidine). Gastric mucosal calcium-dependent NOS activity, but not calcium-independent NOS activity, was increased following CCK and CCK secretagogues. The release of endogenous CCK plays a role in the intrinsic gastric mucosal defense system against injury from luminal irritants. The protective mechanism appears to involve increased production of nitric oxide from primarily the constitutive isoforms of NOS and a resultant increase in blood flow. gastric injury; nitric oxide synthase inhibitors; stomach; rats

Published
2003

17. Phorbol ester-mediated neurotensin secretion is dependent on the PKC-[alpha] and -[delta] isoforms

Author

Li, Jing, Hellmich, Mark R., Greeley, George H., Jr., Townsend, Courtney M., Jr., and Evers, B. Mark

Subjects
Cell research, Gastrointestinal system -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Neurotensin (NT) plays an important role in gastrointestinal secretion, motility, and growth. The mechanisms regulating NT secretion are not entirely known. Our purpose was to define the role of the PKC signaling pathway in secretion of NT from BON cells, a human pancreatic carcinoid cell line that produces and secretes NT peptide. We demonstrated expression of all 11 PKC isoforms at varying levels in untreated BON cells. Expression of PKC-[alpha], -[beta]2, -[delta], and -[mu] isoforms was most pronounced. Immunofluorescent staining showed PKC-[alpha] and -[mu] expression throughout the cytoplasm and in the membrane. Also, significant fluorescence of PKC-[delta] was noted in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Treatment with PMA induced translocation of PKC-[alpha], -[delta], and -[mu] from cytosol to membrane. Activation of PKC-[alpha], -[delta], and -[mu] was further confirmed by kinase assays. Addition of PKC-[alpha] inhibitor Go-6976 at a nanomolar concentration, other PKC inhibitors Go-6983 and GF-109203X, or PKC-[delta]-specific inhibitor rottlerin significantly inhibited PMA-mediated NT release. Overexpression of either PKC-[alpha] or -[delta] increased PMA-mediated NT secretion compared with control cells. We demonstrated that PMA-mediated NT secretion in BON cells is associated with translocation and activation of PKC-[alpha], -[delta], and -[mu]. Furthermore, inhibition of PKC-[alpha] and -[delta] blocked PMA-stimulated NT secretion, suggesting a critical role for these isoforms in NT release. protein kinase C; phorbol ester; BON cell line; gut endocrine cells

Published
2002

19. Peptide YY

Author

GOMEZ, GUILLERMO, primary, WANG, GUIYUN, additional, ENGLANDER, ELLA W., additional, and GREELEY, GEORGE H., additional

Published
2006
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20. Contributors

Author

Abumrad, Nada, primary, Akiba, Yasutada, additional, Anderson, James M., additional, Andrews, Nancy C., additional, Argent, Barry E., additional, Aziz, Qasim, additional, Bai, Liqun, additional, Bai, Longchuan, additional, Baldwin, Graham S., additional, Barrett, Kim E., additional, Barnard, John A., additional, Basson, Marc D., additional, Beyak, Michael J., additional, Blumberg, Richard S., additional, Bommer, Guido T., additional, Brookes, Simon J.H., additional, Bruno, Richard S., additional, Bulmer, David C.E., additional, Bunnett, Nigel W., additional, Buzan, Jenny M., additional, Case, R. Maynard, additional, Chen, Zhouji, additional, Christofi, Fedias Leontiou, additional, Claypool, Steve, additional, Clouse, Ray E., additional, Cohn, Steven M., additional, Collins, James F., additional, Cooke, Helen Joan, additional, Costa, Marcello, additional, Cousins, Robert J., additional, Cuppoletti, John, additional, Davidson, Nicholas O., additional, Dawson, Paul A., additional, De La Rue, Sarah A., additional, Diamant, Nicholas E., additional, Dickinson, Bonny, additional, Dickinson, Chris J., additional, Dockray, Graham J., additional, Drucker, Daniel J., additional, Dudeja, Pradeep K., additional, During, Alexandrine, additional, Eckmann, Lars, additional, Enck, Paul, additional, Englander, Ella W., additional, Evers, B. Mark, additional, Fearon, Eric R., additional, Forte, John G., additional, Frey, Mark R., additional, Ganapathy, Vadivel, additional, Gariepy, Cheryl E., additional, Gershon, Michael D., additional, Ghishan, Fayez K., additional, Giraud, Andrew S., additional, Gorelick, Fred S., additional, Granger, D. Neil, additional, Gray, Michael A., additional, Greeley, George H., additional, Grisham, Matthew B., additional, Grundy, David, additional, Gué, Michèle, additional, Gupta, Naren, additional, Harrison, Earl H., additional, Hasler, William L., additional, Hecht, Gail, additional, Hellmich, Mark R., additional, Hermann, Gerlinda E., additional, Hirayama, Bruce A., additional, Hobson, Anthony, additional, Hodges, Kim, additional, Hofmann, Alan F., additional, Holzer, Peter, additional, Hunt, V. Stephen, additional, Israel, Dawn A., additional, Jacob, Claire, additional, Jamieson, James D., additional, Jiang, Wen, additional, Johansen, Finn-Eirik, additional, Johnson, Leonard R., additional, Karvar, Serhan, additional, Kaunitz, Jonathan D., additional, Keating, C., additional, Keely, Stephen J., additional, Kevil, Christopher G., additional, Kiela, Pawel R., additional, Koh, Sang Don, additional, Kowdley, Kris V., additional, Krysinska, Hanna, additional, Kuver, Rahul, additional, LaRusso, Nicholas F., additional, Lee, Sum P., additional, Lencer, Wayne I., additional, Liddle, Rodger A., additional, Loo, Donald D.F., additional, Lynch, John, additional, Ma, Thomas Y., additional, MacNaughton, Wallace K., additional, Majumdar, Adhip P.N., additional, Makhlouf, Gabriel M., additional, Malinowska, Danuta H., additional, Martindale, Robert G., additional, Masyuk, Anatoliy I., additional, Masyuk, Tatyana V., additional, Mawe, Gary M., additional, McHugh, Kirk M., additional, Merchant, Juanita L., additional, Messner, Donald J., additional, Miller, Steven M., additional, Million, Mulugeta, additional, Montrose, Marshall H., additional, Moran, Timothy H., additional, Murray, Karen F., additional, Murthy, Karnam S., additional, Nelson, W. James, additional, Nowicki, Philip T., additional, Okamoto, Curtis, additional, Peek, Richard M., additional, Peppelenbosch, Maikel P., additional, Perdue, Mary H., additional, Pike, J. Wesley, additional, Polk, D. Brent, additional, Powell, Barry C., additional, Pozo, María J., additional, Ramaswamy, K., additional, Ratcliffe, Elyanne M., additional, Roberts, Drucilla J., additional, Rogers, Richard C., additional, Rong, Weifang, additional, Rustgi, Anil K., additional, Saccone, Gino T.P., additional, Said, Hamid M., additional, Samuelson, Linda C., additional, Sander, Guy R., additional, Sanders, Kenton M., additional, Sarna, Sushil K., additional, Seetharam, Bellur, additional, Shaker, Reza, additional, Shevde, Nirupama K., additional, Shi, Xuan-Zheng, additional, Shneider, Benjamin L., additional, Shulkes, Arthur, additional, Söderholm, Johan D., additional, Sokol, Ronald J., additional, Steward, Martin C., additional, Storch, Judith, additional, Szurszewski, Joseph H., additional, Taché, Yvette, additional, Tack, Jan, additional, Takeuchi, Koji, additional, Thiagarajah, Jay R., additional, Traber, Maret G., additional, Travagli, R. Alberto, additional, Turk, Eric, additional, van den Brink, Gijs R., additional, Verkman, A.S., additional, Vidrich, Alda, additional, Viswanathan, V.K., additional, Vodusek, David B., additional, Ward, Sean M., additional, Watanuki, Makoto, additional, Williams, John A., additional, Wolkoff, Allan W., additional, Wood, Jackie D., additional, Wright, Ernest M., additional, Xu, Hua, additional, Yen, Elizabeth H., additional, Yoshida, Masaru, additional, and Yule, David I., additional

Published
2006
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22. A thermal injury-induced circulating factor(s) compromises intestinal cell morphology, proliferation, and migration

Author

Varedi, Maryam, Greeley, George H., Jr., Herndon, David N., and Englander, Ella W.

Subjects
Rats -- Physiological aspects, Epithelium -- Research, Intestine, Small -- Physiological aspects, Cell proliferation -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Research was conducted to examine the effects of thermal injury on small intestine morphology and crypt cell proliferation. A further objective was to characterize the effects of thermal injury-induced circulating factors on intestinal epithelial cell morphology, proliferation and migration in vitro using a rat intestinal epithelial cell line, designated IEC-6. Results suggest that thermal injury changes the morphology of the intestinal epithelium and decreases crypt cell proliferation and goblet cell numbers in vivo and that the monolayer integrity, survival, proliferation and migration of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro are compromised by a circulating factor(s) induced by thermal injury.

Published
1999

27. Ghrelin

Author

Wang, Guiyun, primary, Lee, Heung-Man, additional, Englander, Ella W., additional, and Greeley, George H., additional

Published
2003
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30. Growth hormone upregulates gastrin and peptide YY gene expression

Author

Gomez, Guillermo, Udupi, Vidyavathi, Qi, Xiang, Lluis, Felix, Rajaraman, Srinivasan, Thompson, James C., and Greeley, George H., Jr.

Subjects
Gastrin -- Genetic aspects, Peptides -- Genetic aspects, Metabolic regulation -- Physiological aspects, Genetic regulation -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The genetic basis of gastrin and peptide YY (PYY) synthesis in transgenic mice that overexpress growth hormone (GH) was investigated by biochemical and molecular techniques. GH transgenic mice had greater gastrin and PYY mRNA levels than wild-type mice in the antrum, ileum and colon, with highest mRNA expression in the ileum and colon. Since those increases are not related to food take, it was suggested that gastrin and PYY gene expression could be regulated by GH or insulin-like growth factor I.

Published
1996

34. Intestinal peptide YY: ontogeny of gene expression in rat bowel and trophic actions on rat and mouse bowel

Author

Gomez, Guillermo, Zhang, Tao, Rajaraman, Srinivasan, Thakore, Kashyap N., Yanaihara, Noboru, Townsend, Courtney M., Jr., Thompson, James C., and Greeley, George H.

Subjects
Intestines -- Research, Gene expression -- Analysis, Peptides -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Northern blot analysis radioimmuno assay and high-performance liquid chromatography enable a characterization of the genetic expression of the colonic peptide YY (PYY) and its trophic effects on the intestine of mice and rats. The PYY mRNA expression occurs at the 17th day of gestation and progressively increases till seven days after birth. The nature of sex and species does not influence the trophic effects, which are peptide specific and regulated by dosage.

Published
1995

35. Age-dependent increase of neurotensin expression in the ileum

Author

Shimoda, Izumi, Evers, B. Mark, Sato, Kazuo, Ishizuka, Jin, Rajaraman, Srinivasan, Chung, Dai H., Uchida, Tatsuo, Tsuchiya, Takashi, Greeley, George H., Townsend, Courtney M., Jr., and Thompson, James C.

Subjects
Ileum -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Neurotensin (NT) MRNA expression and activity increased with an increase in the age of the ideal mucosa and is related to the post transcriptional process. The mRNA expression is accompanied by increase in plasma and tissue NT. The NT peptide sequence is related to the changes in the NT mRNA sequence of the ideal mucosa. Age-dependent NT expression does not alter the number of cells.

Published
1994

39. Age-related changes in gallbladder contractility and cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in the guinea pig

Author

Ishizuka, Jin, Murakami, Manabu, Nichols, G. Allen, Cooper, Cary W., Greeley, George H., Jr., and Thompson, James C.

Subjects
Gallbladder -- Physiological aspects, Cytoplasm -- Physiological aspects, Calcium channels -- Physiological aspects, Guinea pigs -- Physiological aspects, Aging -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The effect of age on the mechanisms gallbladder (GB) motility was studied. Cytoplasmic concentrations of Ca2+, binding ability of Ca2+ channel antagonist, muscle contractile force and compliance were monitored in guinea pig gallbladder muscle strips. The results suggest that decreased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and muscle compliance are partly responsible for reduced gallbladder muscle contractions in response of cholecystokinin usually associated with aging.

Published
1993

42. Characterization of secretin release in response to food and intraduodenal administration of fat and hydrochloric acid

Author

Draviam, Edwin J., Gomez, Guillermo, Hashimoto, Tsukuru, Miyashita, Tadashi, Hill, Freddie L.C., Uchida, Tatsuo, Singh, Pomila, Greeley, George H., Jr., and Thompsom, James C.

Subjects
Digestion -- Models, Digestion -- Physiological aspects, Gastrointestinal hormones -- Physiological aspects, Ingestion -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

Secretin is a 27-amino acid peptide released from the small intestine. It stimulates the secretion of digestive enzymes by the stomach, and the secretion of water and bicarbonate by the pancreas and liver, and inhibits the secretion of gastric acid by the stomach. The presence of various nutrients in the stomach or intestine, and alterations in the acidity of the small intestine have been reported to cause secretin release. To further characterize factors that influence the release of secretin into the general circulation, a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for secretin was developed and validated. Blood was sampled from mongrel dogs at various time points after alteration of the gastrointestinal milieu. Increases in blood secretin levels were observed within 10 minutes of a slight increase in intestinal acidity. Similarly, instilling small amounts of sodium oleate (a fatty acid salt) into the intestine or administering a mixed meal caused rapid increases in blood levels of secretin. The magnitude of the secretin response was dose-related; increasing the amount of intra-intestinal acid or oleate, or the size of the meal, resulted in a larger release of secretin into the circulation. Release of pancreatic fluid and pancreatic bicarbonate was induced by these three stimuli; the volume and concentration of the output was highly correlated with the stimulus dosage. Hence, intestinal infusions of acid, fats, or mixed nutrients (which mimic the effect of normal food ingestion) cause a rapid increase in blood levels of secretin. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

45. Effect of oral fat on plasma levels of neurotensin and neurotensin fragments in humans: characterization by high-pressure liquid chromatography

Author

Draviam, Edwin J., Upp, James R., Greeley, George H., Townsend, Courtney M., and Thompson, James C.

Subjects
Fat -- Physiological aspects, High performance liquid chromatography -- Usage, Neurotensin -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

Neurotensin (NT) is a gastrointestinal peptide found in a variety of species, including man. Fats, in the form of pure fats, fatty acids, or fat emulsions, are potent releasers of NT. The time course of NT release following oral administration of corn oil (Lipomul) in healthy human volunteers was measured. Following ingestion of 1g/kg of body weight of Lipomul, blood samples were taken at 15-minute intervals for one hour, and NT and NT metabolite levels were measured with chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Fifteen minutes following ingestion of the fat, NT levels were significantly increased, and they remained elevated (maximum increase was 273 percent) for the duration of the one-hour sampling period. Levels of two of the metabolites (the amino- and carboxy-terminal fragments) were also increased over this period. This could either be the result of metabolic degradation of NT, or a result of co-release of the fragments with NT. In either case, fat caused a rapid sustained increase in plasma levels of NT and its potential metabolites. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1990

50. Peptide YY Release and Actions

Author

Jeng, Yow-Jiun, primary, Hill, Freddie L.C., additional, Lluis, Felix, additional, Gomez, Guillermo, additional, Izukura, Masaaki, additional, Kern, Kyle, additional, Chuo, Shalphen, additional, Ferrar, Scott, additional, and Greeley, George H., additional

Published
1990
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