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Despite growing interest in inclusive education, there has been little attention to the inclusion of students with disabilities in teacher education. Research by educators with disabilities about teachers with disabilities can provide vital information that may help improve support services for teachers with disabilities. As a teacher educator who recently became single-sided deaf, and a preservice teacher who has had hearing loss since childhood, we contribute our voices to this gap in the literature. Through autoethnography, we draw on our lived experiences to identify critical incidents in our (re)learning to teach science, contextualizing these within the broader issue of inclusion in science teacher education. By identifying points of intersection and difference in our stories, we generated a list of salient themes related to arenas, levels, and degrees of inclusion. While our specific experiences may not be generalizable, they highlight broader themes that have implications for creating inclusive science teacher education programs.

Despite growing interest in inclusive education, there has been little attention to the inclusion of students with disabilities in teacher education. Research by educators with disabilities about teachers with disabilities can provide vital information that may help improve support services for teachers with disabilities. As a teacher educator who recently became single-sided deaf, and a preservice teacher who has had hearing loss since childhood, we contribute our voices to this gap in the literature. Through autoethnography, we draw on our lived experiences to identify critical incidents in our (re)learning to teach science, contextualizing these within the broader issue of inclusion in science teacher education. By identifying points of intersection and difference in our stories, we generated a list of salient themes related to arenas, levels, and degrees of inclusion. While our specific experiences may not be generalizable, they highlight broader themes that have implications for creating inclusive science teacher education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, Eastern traditional medicine has been misappropriated by others who claim it as their own and attempt to obtain patent protection for it. As long this practice has existed, the international community has pushed back against it. Several countries and international bodies have created databases of traditional knowledge, hoping to preclude the issuance of patents on that knowledge. Other countries, like Thailand, have extended intellectual property protection to the traditional knowledge stakeholders themselves. However, a recent change to U.S. patent law may have the unintended consequence of helping resolve the issue of biopiracy. Prior to the passage of the America Invents Act, a foreign invention could only serve as prior art to U.S. patents if the foreign invention itself was patented or if it was described in a printed publication. Because much traditional knowledge was never recorded, U.S. law did not consider it to be prior art. This allowed corporations to obtain patent protection for traditional medicine, even though indigenous peoples had been using it for centuries. The America Invents Act, however, eliminated the requirement that a public use occur "in this country" to constitute prior art. As a result, public use of traditional knowledge anywhere in the world renders it prior art to all subsequent U.S. patent applications. This article analyzes how this dramatic shift in the scope of available prior art affects the patent strategies of companies and provides different remedies to traditional knowledge stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) results from acquired mutations in the PIG-A gene of an haematopoietic stem cell, leading to defective biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors and deficient expression of GPI-anchored proteins on the surface of the cell's progeny. Some laboratory and clinical findings have suggested genomic instability to be intrinsic in PNH; this possibility has been supported by mutation analysis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase ( HPRT) gene abnormalities. However, the HPRT assay examines lymphocytes in peripheral blood (PB), and T cells may be related to the pathophysiology of PNH. We analysed the molecular and functional features of HPRT mutants in PB mononuclear cells from eleven PNH patients. CD8 T cells predominated in these samples; approximately half of the CD8 cells lacked GPI-anchored protein expression, while only a small proportion of CD4 cells appeared to derive from the PNH clone. The HPRT mutant frequency (Mf) in T lymphocytes from PNH patients was significantly higher than in healthy controls. The majority of the mutant T lymphocyte clones were of CD4 phenotype, and they had phenotypically normal GPI-anchored protein expression. In PNH patients, the majority of HPRT mutant clones were contained within the V β2 T cell receptor (TCR) subfamily, which was oligoclonal by complementarity-determining region three (CDR3) size analysis. Our results are more consistent with detection of uniform populations of expanded T cell clones, which presumably acquired HPRT mutations during antigen-driven cell proliferation, and not due to an increased Mf in PNH. HPRT mutant analysis does not support underlying genomic instability in PNH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]