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Humanity faces an unprecedented survival challenge: climate change, driven by the depletion of natural resources, excessive waste generation, and deforestation. Six out of nine planetary boundaries have been exceeded, signaling that Earth is far from a safe operating space for humanity. In this Viewpoint Article we explore three critical “atomic‐molecular” challenges: Earth's limited atomic resources, its oxidative nature, and very rich chemistry. Addressing these requires a transformation in how we produce and consume, emphasizing sustainable practices aligned with the United Nations’ 17 goals. The advancement of science and technology has extended human life expectancy and improved quality of life. However, to ensure a sustainable future, we must move towards less oxidative chemical processes, incorporate CH4−CO2 redox chemistry into the circular economy, and transition from a linear, fossil fuel‐dependent economy to a circular bioeconomy. Reforestation and the recovery of degraded lands are essential, alongside the shift towards green and sustainable chemistry. Earth's dynamic chemistry is governed by the principles of thermodynamics and kinetics, but science alone is insufficient. Achieving global sustainability requires coordinated economic, political, and social decisions that recognize Earth's limited resources and oxidative nature. Together, these efforts will position humanity to meet the challenges of climate change and secure a sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion of metals and alloys is a critical challenge across various industries, leading to substantial financial losses and safety risks. The use of corrosion inhibitors has proven to be an effective strategy in mitigating this issue. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the use of macrocyclic compounds and pharmacological drugs as corrosion inhibitors. These compounds exhibit unique chemical structures and functional groups, which enhance their ability to improve corrosion resistance through adsorption onto metal surfaces, thereby reducing oxidation and electrochemical reactions. The review highlights the effectiveness of these inhibitors in diverse corrosive environments and their compatibility with different metals and alloys, including steel, aluminum, and copper. Key findings reveal their superior performance in creating protective barriers and their potential for offering more sustainable, eco‐friendly solutions compared to conventional inhibitors. This review emphasizes their inhibitory effects, investigates their underlying mechanisms, and underscores the importance of ongoing research and innovation to maximize their use as effective and sustainable corrosion prevention techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this study, the chromatographic retention behavior and dissociation constants (pKa) of H2 receptor antagonists ranitidine and famotidine were determined by the green reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hybrid micellar chromatography methods, which are widely used today. Replicate analyses were performed on a Gemini NX C18 (250 × 3.0 mm ID, 5 μm) column at constant temperature (37 °C) and flow rate (1 mL/min). The obtained data analyses were evaluated with the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) approach and the consistency of the data was assessed by calculating the theoretical retention time values. The pKa1ss and pKa2ss values obtained in ethanol–water binary mixtures containing 11%, 13%, 15%, and 20% (v/v) ethanol were also calculated with this approach. The pKa values of these compounds in water and pure micellar environment were calculated with pKass values and solvent. It was observed that the pKaww data obtained by three different methods were compatible. Accordingly, with the hybrid micelles method, pKa2ww and pKa3ww values for famotidine were calculated as 7.305 and 9.869, respectively, and pKa1ww and pKa2ww values for ranitidine were calculated as 2.952 and 8.589. The environmental impacts of the methods applied in the study were evaluated using green metric tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic waves were used for synthesis of novel hydrazones, bishydrazones, pyrazoles, 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole. The structural formulae of the synthesized compounds were elucidated in terms of elemental and spectroscopic analyses. All synthesized compounds were estimated by testing total antioxidant capacity, iron‐reducing power, the scavenging activity against ABTS and DPPH radicals in addition to testing anti‐diabetic, anti‐Alzheimer and anti‐arthritic activities. All compounds displayed good to potent bioactivity. Compounds 6, 10 exhibit the highest antioxidant and free radicals scavenging activities. Furthermore, compounds 6, 10 demonstrate the strongest inhibition of α‐amylase and α-glucosidase. Compound 12 exhibit strongest acetylcholinesterase inhibition among prepared compounds. However, compounds 18a,b, 19 show a significantly higher inhibition percentage for protein denaturation and proteinase. The most bioactive prepared compounds 6, 10 and 12 were investigated toward docking methodology against appropriate protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: A greener and more convenient alternative to traditional methods for the generation of thiyl radical as hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst is developed, using molecular oxygen to oxidize thiol without the need for chemical initiators or light irradiation. The thiol/oxygen catalysis enables selective and efficient difunctionalization of borane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Wood, paper, agricultural waste offers renewable resources for high-value chemicals. • Biorefineries need to combine biotechnological and physico-chemical approaches. • Industrial lignocellulosic waste has high potential in circular bioeconomy. Lignocellulosic biomass has a promising role in a circular bioeconomy and may be used to produce valuable molecules for green chemistry. Lignocellulosic biomass, such as food waste, agricultural waste, wood, paper or cardboard, corresponded to 15.7% of all waste produced in Europe in 2020, and has a high potential as a secondary raw material for industrial processes. This review first presents industrial lignocellulosic waste sources, in terms of their composition, quantities and types of lignocellulosic residues. Secondly, the possible high added-value chemicals obtained from transformation of lignocellulosic waste are detailed, as well as their potential for applications in the food industry, biomedical, energy or chemistry sectors, including as sources of polyphenols, enzymes, bioplastic precursors or biofuels. In a third part, various available transformation treatments, such as physical treatments with ultrasound or heat, chemical treatments with acids or bases, and biological treatments with enzymes or microorganisms, are presented. The last part discusses the perspectives of the use of lignocellulosic waste and the fact that decreasing the cost of transformation is one of the major issues for improving the use of lignocellulosic biomass in a circular economy and green chemistry approach, since it is currently often more expensive than petroleum-based counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For exploring the reaction between the hydroxyl groups of lignin and boric acid under the alkaline condition, we study three proposed mechanisms for the formation of the anionic borate diester (ABDE) using the salicyl alcohol anion as the model compound by the density functional theory. ABDE has high flame retardancy and is a potentially practical application of lignin. The catalysis of sodium cation is found to enhance the deprotonation of the water cluster. The deprotonated product, hydroxide anion, is essential to the critical step, which is the cleavage of B−O bonds of the boric acid molecule, in reaction mechanisms. The energy profiles of the mechanisms show that the reaction between lignin and boric acid may start from the hydroxymethyl moieties of lignin since it requires less energy for the aforementioned critical step than from the phenol moieties of lignin. Moreover, the hydroxide anions compete with the hydroxymethyl groups in lignin for the formation of B−O bonds by forming tetrahydroxyborate anion (TBA) which requires very high activation energies to further react to the desired product ABDE. The optimal condition is to enhance the catalytic effect of sodium cations and meanwhile to control the formation of TBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural diversity of diterpenes is mediated by the enigmatic family of diterpene synthases. The overall enzymatic contribution hereby lies in a carefully concerted chemistry of highly reactive carbocation intermediates mainly guided by aromatic and polar amino acid side chains and the pyrophosphate cofactor. To date several studies aimed to shed light on the mechanism underlining terpene synthases chemistry. Specifically, the diterpene synthase CotB2 serves as model enzyme for detailed mutagenesis studies. Here we investigate the catalytic mechanism of CotB2 variant V80L in a holistic, biochemical, structural, and computational biology approach. We were able to identify an altered product profile compared to CotB2WT for the substrates geranylgeranyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate. Moreover, we solved the crystal structure, and shed further light on terpene synthase chemistry by modelling of the substrate and intermediate binding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: A greener and more convenient alternative to traditional methods for the generation of thiyl radical as hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst is developed, using molecular oxygen to oxidize thiol without the need for chemical initiators or light irradiation. The thiol/oxygen catalysis enables selective and efficient difunctionalization of borane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A widely used method to obtain tetrazoles is through the azide and nitrile [3+2] cycloaddition. However, this process often involves using non‐recyclable transition metals or Lewis acid catalysts and stoichiometric amounts of oxidants and additives, which reduces atom efficiency. We have discovered a convergent paired electrochemical reaction to perform this cycloaddition reaction, without the need for metal catalysts or oxidants. This tetrazolation strategy uses azidotrimethylsilane (TMSN3) and N‐heterocycles in an undivided cell at a constant current. We use a mixture of CH3CN and equivalent amounts of H2O as co‐solvent at room temperature. It is crucial to produce a stoichiometric amount of active hydroxyl ions through the cathodic reduction of water. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies and control experiments confirm that the cycloaddition reaction is specific to the electrode electron transfer process, eliminating the need for a mediator to shuttle electrons. This metal‐ and oxidant‐free strategy is highly compatible with different functional groups and produces products with moderate to good yields. We have successfully tetrazolated bioactive compounds at a late stage, scaled up batches efficiently, and synthesized free amino‐containing N‐heterocycles via denitrogenation of tetrazoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen as energy vector from renewable sources and carbon dioxide as carbon source are central elements of a future sustainable interface between energy and chemistry. While often viewed merely as "substitutes" for fossil resources, the current article discusses opportunities to open new synthetic pathways and to generate novel molecular architectures for the delivery of the same or even improved functionalities expected from chemical products. Catalysis is the key science and technology in this endeavour and three general principles for the desing of catalytic systems are proposed as guidelines for fundamental research. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Green carbon for the chemical industry of the future'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a high demand for highly biobased photocurable coatings for a wide range of applications. In this work, a photocurable coating formulation is developed based on isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) and a biobased polyester diacrylate. Besides, a phosphorous‐containing biobased dimethacrylate resin having imine groups (VDDM) is synthesized. Different ratios of VDDM are added to the biobased base formulation. VDDM is characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The formulations are coated on aluminum substrates and photocured under UV light. The biobased contents of the prepared networks are in the range of ≈68–79%. Coatings display a good adhesion on the aluminum substrates. The incorporation of VDDM into the formulations slightly increases the glass transition temperature values. Moreover, VDDM enhances the hydrophilicity of the coatings. VDDM‐free coatings are found to be resistant to degradation under basic and acidic media, but the presence of imine bonds in VDDM leads to the partial degradation of the prepared networks under acidic aqueous conditions. Finally, it is demonstrated that the coatings prepared herein are resistant to corrosion. The prepared highly biobased networks in this study have the potential to be used as photocurable coil coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverse libraries of biaryls/heterobiaryls were synthesized by aryl/hetero‐aryl tosylates as coupling partners in the ligand‐free, Ni‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction, and Pd‐catalyzed Hiyama cross‐coupling reaction in ionic liquids (ILs) as green solvent. In this method easily available and economically viable tosylates were coupled with readily available boronic acids and phenyltriethoxysilanes in Suzuki and Hiyama cross‐coupling respectively to yield the corresponding biaryls/heterobiaryls. Mild reaction condition(s), easy workup, moderate to excellent yield of the isolated pure products, wide substrate scope, and recycling/reuse of the ILs are the advantages of this method over the other reported methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green analytical methods are important techniques that aim to reduce or eliminate the use of harmful chemicals and waste in various analyses. These methods, based on green chemistry principles, are environmentally friendly and reliable. Electrochemical techniques have an essential role in diverse analyses, and are presented as a superior alternative to existing analytical devices in terms of different parameters. In the present review, we have comprehensively covered electrochemistry‐based sensors that are developed using green chemistry principles and evaluated their performance characteristics and specific working conditions. We here included sensors developed based on potentiometry and voltammetry methodologies, and detailed their greenness potentials based on certain metrics. Considering the advantages provided by these environmentally friendly new generation sensors, it will be inevitable for researchers working in this field to direct their attention to sensors that can be produced with green approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the catalytic activity of beta cyclodextrin‐encapsulated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in microbial oil synthesis, rice‐washed waste water (RWW) was used as the fermentation medium and streptomyces fradiae as the microbe. The introduction of zinc oxide nanoparticles during fermentation had an impact on output and growth. The biomass percentage was 1.5 times greater and the fatty acid profile was better than in the control samples. The analysis of the induction period (IP) revealed that samples containing zinc oxide nanoparticles had maximum oxidation stability for up to 120 days of storage, along with a considerable reduction in autoxidation. The cetane number and calorific value, however, increased with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles. A new study discovered that the use of ZnO nanoparticles encapsulated in β‐CD led to much increased production (63.5 g/L) of microbial oil than the control sample (42.5 g/L). Therefore, it is anticipated that these nanoparticles would find utility in energy‐related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chalcone is an aromatic ketone that forms the central core of many important biological compounds. Chalcone derivatives show various biological activities, especially anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, and also inhibit melanoma cell growth. In this study, we synthesized chalcone compounds with bis-chalcone's chemical structure under microwave (MW) and microwave–ultrasound (MW-US) conditions and compared them to chalcones produced using the classical synthesis method. All bis-chalcones were synthesized with terephthalaldehyde and an appropriate aromatic ketone as substrates in Claisen–Schmidt condensation. All the obtained compounds were tested regarding their roles as potential anticancer agents. The cytotoxic effect of the bis-chalcones against human MeWo and A375 melanoma cell lines was investigated through colorimetric MTT and SRB assays. The data were analyzed statistically. In the case of the synthesis of bis-chalcones, it was determined that the use of green conditions supported by the MW or MW-US factors led to an increase in the yield of the final products and a reduction in the reaction time compared to the classic method. The biological results showed the high cytotoxic effect of bis-chalcones. The present results show the compounds' high antiproliferative and cytotoxic potential, especially for the two selected bis-chalcone derivatives (3b and 3c), in particular, at concentrations of 50 μM–200 μM at 24, 48 h, and 72 h of incubation. The use of MW and US for the synthesis of bis-chalcones significantly improved the process compared to the classical method. The derivatives containing two hydroxy and two methoxy groups were the most effective against the tested cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercritical fluid impregnation (SFI) is an emerging technique for the incorporation of target compounds into solid matrices. It has attracted attention in the food industry, where it can be applied. As it does not use organic solvents and supercritical CO2 is the most commonly used fluid, SFI is considered to be an ecofriendly and 'green' strategy. A review of the literature is essential in order to understand the complex interactions that occur in SFI. This is a scoping review of SFI applied to the food industry from 2018 to 2023. The search used the Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. Guiding questions were identified, publications related to the topic were selected, and the information was extracted, organized, and grouped. An overview of the SFI, its operational characteristics, challenges, prospects, and strategies is presented. Initially, 329 records were found; 38 publications were eventually selected for inclusion in this scoping review. The results indicate that the packaging sector has been the focus of publications. However, trends include applications of SFI in micronization, developing of food waste biorefineries, and food protection from direct impregnation. This scoping analysis is therefore a powerful tool for creating new research into the application of SFI to food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the extract obtained from the flowers of the Anchusa azurea (AA) plant was mixed with silver nitrate to obtain silver nanoparticles. The ion sensing ability of the obtained bio-sourced silver nanoparticles in aqueous solutions was investigated and the presence of Hg2+ ions was determined colorimetrically. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared on Green Chemistry method, which is both an environmentally friendly and cost-effective synthesis technique, were characterised using different analytical tools. The mean particle size of AA-AgNPs from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images was determined to be 22 nm in diameter. XRD measurements showed that the crystallite sizes of the synthesised AgNPs were in the face-centred cubic crystal structure with an average size of 22 nm, which is consistent with TEM results. AA-AgNPs showed absorption at 435 nm, indicating that AgNPs exhibit a strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and play a role in stabilisation. AgNPs synthesised with Anchusa azurea flowers were observed using UV-vis spectroscopy to selectively and sensitively detect mercury ions (Hg2+). When Hg2+ in aqueous solution was added to the AgNPs, the overall absorbance dramatically decreased and the colour changed from yellow to colourless. This study shows that AA-AgNPs can be used as a cost-effective material in optical sensors for colorimetric determinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer affects millions of people worldwide. PDK1 enzyme (co-crystallized with BIM-1) controls the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Aiming to resemble BIM-1's binding, quinoline-based pyrimidinediones and thiazolidinediones were synthesized starting from 2-chloro-3-formylquinoline. Compared with doxorubicin (reference), in vitro antiproliferative activity against MCF7 and HCT116 cancer cell lines showed the most potency of thiobarbiturate 3 and thiazolidinedione 4. In silico molecular docking, DFT, and pharmacokinetics simulations supported the findings. The docking analysis toward PDK1 enzyme showed that most amino acids interacting with co-crystallized ligand (BIM-1) were successfully bonded to our docked substances, especially thiobarbiturate 3 with highest S-score closer to BIM-1. In DFT calculations, this compound exhibited the lowest energy gap and highest softness leading to more response to radical surface interactions. The compounds with significant antiproliferative activity exhibited high electrophilicity values. ADME analysis showed its desirable drug-likeness and oral bioavailability. This work may contribute to developing new potent antiproliferative agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable catalyst synthesis offers a fundamental development via utilizing plants reducing the dependency on synthetic chemicals and minimizing environmental impact. This study presents a sustainable approach to catalysis through the synthesis of MnO2 using oak bark as a precursor. The catalyst synthesis was characterized using various analytical techniques including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). FT-IR analysis confirmed the chemical structure and functional groups peak observed at 1709 cm−1 is indicative of the stretching vibration of conjugated alkenes' C–C bonds. XRD revealed the crystalline nature and phase purity, confirming the formation of MnO2. HPLC analysis demonstrated the catalytic activity of MnO2 catalyst organic transformations derived from oak bark includes polyphenolic compounds such as gallic acid (RT 9.2 min; C7H6O5), condensed tannins like proanthocyanidin (RT 21.7 min; C31H28O12), quercetin derivatives such as quercetin-3-O-glucoside (RT 32.2 min; C21H20O12), and flavonoids such as kaempferol (RT 35.3 min; C15H10O6). This study emphasizes the feasibility and effectiveness of using natural sources like oak bark for synthesizing eco-friendly catalysis with promising applications in green chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a modified synthesis method was presented and the effect of using an aqueous acetic acid solution in the process of synthesizing SQCOF was investigated. Adding a catalytic amount of aqueous solution of acetic acid as a co-catalyst has contributed to improving the quality of crystallinity. Effective parameters in the synthesis of SQCOF, including the concentration and volume of the co-catalyst and reaction solvent, were optimized. Then, the prepared SQCOF was used as a metal-free catalyst with Brønsted acid groups in the condensation reaction between 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and primary amines. SQCOF was used under solvent-free conditions for the synthesis of enaminones at ambient temperature by mild manual grinding with a mortar and pestle and showed excellent catalytic performance in the above reaction. High performance and efficiency (62 to 96%), high TOF (833 to 1283 h−1), short reaction time, easy operation, minimizing the consumption of toxic organic solvents, absence of heavy metals in the framework and green conditions are the main advantages of this study. Also, SQCOF shows good chemical stability and recyclability (7 runs) and acts as an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of β-enaminones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report a simple, green, effective, and enhanced method for synthesizing pyranopyrazole from four-component condensation of aldehyde, malononitrile, ethyl aceto-acetate, and hydrazine hydrate employing four components in one pot that is multicomponent reactions (MCRs). Multicomponent reactions carried out by using a universal solvent; water has a quality position in organic and green synthesis. By using an aqueous hydrotropic solution and ultra-probe sonication, raising the rate of reaction and getting an excellent yield are the main features of this article. Key features of the current practice include the use of non-hazardous reaction conditions, operational simplicity, and the use of cost-effective initiating substances. The pure product can be isolated easily through simple filtration, eliminating the need for column chromatography. The process yields excellent results and is time-efficient. Additionally, the hydrotrope can be recycled up to five times without significant loss of activity, making it highly beneficial for meeting industrial needs and addressing environmental concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a mechanochemical approach for synthesizing dinuclear Cu (II) complexes and applying them directly in C–S coupling reactions, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional solvent‐based syntheses. The mechanochemical method, recognized for its environmental advantages and efficiency, was employed to synthesize the Cu (II) complex [CuL(μ‐Cl)Cl2] (I) and the metal–organic salt 2L.2[CuCl4]2− (II), thereby minimizing solvent use and waste production. The synthesized complex I exhibited superior catalytic activity in C–S coupling, achieving a 96% yield within 20 min with methanol serving as a grinding medium. The mechanochemical process was further refined and confirmed for its environmental sustainability, with an E‐factor of 0.460 and an EcoScale score of 78. This synthetic method not only shortens reaction times and reduces solvent use but also streamlines the operational procedure, providing a more environmentally benign and economically viable route for C–S coupling. The research highlights the potential of mechanochemistry in simplifying synthetic processes and enhancing their sustainability, paving the way for future advancements in green synthetic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the investigation of one‐pot multicomponent reactions of actylacetone, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde, primary amines, and activated acetylenic compounds in an aqueous medium at room temperature in the presence of catalytic amounts of Cu@Fe3O4/SiO2@MWCNTs. The responses that were employed As a result, high‐yielding bis‐1,4‐dihydropyridines and other novel compounds can be produced. Diphenyl‐picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical trapping is being used in this field of study to examine the antioxidant characteristics of some bis‐1,4‐dihydropyridines that are produced. Scholarly research now underway has concentrated on examining the antibacterial characteristics of chemical substances that have been produced. The bis‐1,4‐dihydropyridines was synthesized by an experimental procedure that demonstrated several notable features, such as rapid reaction kinetics, substantial product yields, and effortless separation of the catalyst from the reaction mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) present significant promises for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, challenges such as the zinc (Zn) dendrite formation and parasitic side reactions during Zn plating‐stripping hinder their development. Herein, an aloe vera (AV)‐based green and sustainable electrolyte is formulated to increase the electrochemical stability of the ZIBs, reducing the free water molecules, and decreasing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and Zn dendrite formation. The obtained results confirm that the AV‐based electrolyte enhances the electrochemical stability and boosts the performance of the ZIBs. The formulated AV‐based electrolyte in symmetrical Zn//Zn cells demonstrates an outstanding cycle life of 4500 h, significantly longer than the aqueous electrolytes for ZIBs. The quinone moiety of the AV‐based electrolytes provides higher specific capacities for VO2(D) and activated carbon cathodes in full devices. AV‐based green electrolytes allow the realization of sustainable and safe energy storage systems for next‐generation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasticizers are core components utilized in plastics processing. They are additives applied to improve and, in some cases, make possible the processing of a polymer. Thus, plasticizers have an impact on lowering production costs, improving productivity, and other properties of the polymer. Yet, there are issues related to the toxicity of phthalic-based components used in traditional plasticizers. One of the emerging alternatives consists of using raw materials from bio-renewable sources that have low toxicity, are more readily available, and are mostly biodegradable. Such starting raw materials can be used for the synthesis of bio-plasticizers which can serve as a feasible alternative to traditional ones. The large number of raw materials from renewable sources along with their chemical versatility offers a broad variety of reactions that can be performed to obtain various bio-plasticizers that can present efficiencies that are comparable to or even surpass those of petrochemical-based ones. Following that, this review is divided into five parts. First, the introduction provides the main concepts, importance, and progress of the development of bio-plasticizers. The second part covers the main types of plasticizers, compounds utilized, and commercially available bio-plasticizers. The third part discusses the mechanism involved with plasticization and how that process can be improved based on the plasticizer's chemical structure. The fourth part covers the main advantages of bio-plasticizers and the benefits they can offer for manufacturing. Lastly, the future perspectives and challenges within the field are discussed. Through that, this review provides detailed discussions covering the main aspects related to bio-plasticizers to facilitate the readers' understanding of the main concepts while also providing a vast number of reports from the recent literature to aid them in the generation of novel ideas. In this way, readers can potentially have novel insights to tackle the main current challenges related to the use of plasticizers in polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a principal greenhouse gas with a substantial impact on global climate change. The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 represents an economically viable and environmentally benign approach. This technique involves the catalysis of the reaction between CO2 and epoxides under photocatalytic conditions to yield cyclic carbonates. Notably, this process has garnered significant attention due to its high atomic efficiency and alignment with green chemistry principles. Increasingly, photocatalysts are employed to facilitate the synthesis of cyclic carbonates, demonstrating outstanding performance even under natural light. This review evaluates the current state of research on the photocatalytic cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides, analyzes the reaction mechanism and key influencing factors, and provides a comparative summary of the photocatalysts developed in this domain. Additionally, this paper underscores the significance of the reaction devices. The paper explores reaction devices with potential applications for photocatalytic CO2 and epoxides and envisions future integrations of CO2 photocatalytic cycloaddition reactions with advanced reaction devices for practical applications in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The imperative of transforming waste materials into valuable nanomaterials via ecological recycling has emerged as a pivotal avenue for environmental stewardship. This research contributes to the "greening" of global chemical processes by introducing a magnetic biocatalyst derived from red mud waste. Emphasizing the use of glutamic acid as the second most effective step in obtaining a green catalyst is a key focus of this work. Leveraging cost-effective materials such as FeSO4, amino acid, and Fe2O3 isolated from red mud enhances the economic viability of the synthesized catalyst. Characterization of the newly developed nano-magnetic bio-organocatalysts was conducted using advanced spectroscopic techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating-sample magnetometers (VSM). The catalytic activity of Fe3O4@SiO2@(CH2)3@Gl was examined in the one-pot synthesis of polyhydroquinolines, showcasing short reaction times, high efficiency, ease of catalyst separation, and the potential for catalyst recycling as salient features of this work. This study pioneers the utilization of red mud waste for eco-friendly nanomaterial synthesis and underscores the economic and environmental significance of incorporating glutamic acid as a crucial element in the catalyst synthesis process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a teaching and learning sequence for secondary education chemistry classes focusing on green and sustainable chemistry using the example of wood biorefinery. It emphasizes the importance of informed decision-making regarding environmental pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and resource usage. The teaching sequence aims to promote scientific literacy, informed decision-making, and active participation in socio-political decisions among students by integrating traditional chemistry content with principles of green and sustainable chemistry. The article also highlights the role of individual citizens in contributing to sustainability goals and emphasizes the need for scientific education to enable informed choices and responsible actions. [Extracted from the article]

ABSTRACT This work investigated the one‐pot multicomponent reactions of guanidine, isothiocyanates, and unsaturated 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds in an aqueous media at room temperature using catalytic quantities of Ag/ZnO@MWCNTs which was produced bis‐pyrimidothiazines with high yields. This field of study uses diphenyl‐picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical trapping to investigate the antioxidant properties of some generated bis‐pyrimidothiazines. Academic studies that are now in progress have focused on investigating the antibacterial properties of compounds that have been created. An experimental process that produced the bis‐pyrimidothiazines showed a number of noteworthy characteristics, including quick reaction kinetics, high product yields, and simple catalyst separation from the reaction mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many industrial processes are performed using harmful chemicals. The current technical synthesis of N-acyl-amino acids relies on acyl chlorides, which are typically obtained from phosgene chemistry. A greener alternative is the application of whole cells or enzymes to carry out synthesis in an environmentally friendly manner. Aminoacylases belong to the hydrolase family and the resolution of racemic mixtures of N-acetyl-amino acids is a well-known industrial process. Several new enzymes accepting long-chain fatty acids as substrates were discovered in recent years. This article reviews the synthetic potential of aminoacylases to produce biobased N-acyl-amino acid surfactants. The focus lays on a survey of the different types of aminoacylases available for synthesis and their reaction products. The enzymes are categorized according to their protein family classification and their biochemical characteristics including substrate spectra, reaction optima and process stability, both in hydrolysis and under process conditions suitable for synthesis. Finally, the benefits and future challenges of enzymatic N-acyl-amino acid synthesis with aminoacylases will be discussed. Key points: • Enzymatic synthesis of N-acyl-amino acids, biobased surfactants by aminoacylases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, some of 2‐amino‐4H‐benzo[h]chromene derivatives were synthesized by multicomponent reaction of 1‐naphthol, benzaldehyde derivatives and malononitrile. The reaction was performed under green conditions using water as the solvent in the presence of heterogeneous nano catalyst containing Co(II) and Cu(II) stabilized on magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles/tannic acid (M–MSN/TA/Co(II),Cu(II)) at room temperature. The prepared catalyst showed excellent efficiency and its magnetic properties allow easy separation. The structure and morphology of prepared catalyst was identified using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating‐sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis. All of products were obtained in high to excellent yields (78–94 %) after short reaction times (20–45 min) in optimal conditions and their structures were confirmed using FT‐IR and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic techniques. This study shows that the M–MSN/TA/Cu(II), Co(II) presents a good catalytic activity, reusability and stability compared to other catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on the rapid synthesis of Schiff bases with green protocols, where P2CA (Pyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid) is utilized as a catalyst. The condensation reaction of aldehydes and anilines, facilitated by P2CA, resulted in the production of Schiff bases in good to excellent yield within a remarkably short time of up to 15 min. The electronic effect of the various substituents on aldehyde and aniline, in combination with the catalytic effect of P2CA, accelerated the reactions under mild conditions. The reusability of the catalyst was thoroughly examined, and the catalyst was characterized over every cycle. Importantly, this approach is not only green and sustainable, but also cost‐effective, harmless, and environmentally friendly, thanks to the affordability and benign nature of P2CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practical Application Olive pomace (OP) waste, produced in large quantities, contains significant amounts of cellulose and fibers, making it a valuable resource for developing reinforcing ingredients in biodegradable packaging materials. This study aimed to produce nanofibers from OP using enzymatic hydrolysis with hemicellulases and cellulases, and to incorporate these nanofibers into starch films as a reinforcing agent. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared by alkaline pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis (with hemicellulases and cellulases) from olive pomace and applied as reinforcement in starch films in concentrations of 0.5%–5% (w/v). The nanofibers were analyzed according to composition, structural, and thermal properties. The nanofibers' suspension presented a cloudy and white color in aqueous suspension, the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the increase of crystallinity, and the fibers’ range was no wider than 100 nm (according to Scherer equation). The composition analysis showed the decrease of carbonyl groups of hemicellulose and lignin. The starch films presented a homogenous surface. The solubility from these biodegradable films significantly reduced after the incorporation of CNF, and the nanomaterial's presence improved the degradation temperature (from 310°C to 322°C) and the mechanical resistance because the tension of rupture increased from 3.79 to 6.21 MPa.The utilization of waste from the olive pomace for cellulose nanofiber production holds promise, given the nanofibers’ ability to readily integrate into various materials, including starches used in biodegradable film production. Within these matrices, nanofibers act as structure reinforcers and significantly reduce the solubility of films. Although biodegradable films ensure the shelf life, safety, and quality of food, their properties currently do not match those of traditional petroleum‐based materials at an industrial scale, indicating a need for further enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A greener, safer, and more efficient methodology for the synthesis of (Z)‐5‐benzylidene‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐4‐ones (3 a–u) and (Z)‐5‐benzylidenethiazolidine‐2,4‐diones (4 a–i) has been developed. The deep eutectic solvent (DES) ZnCl2/urea used as a greener solvent as well as a catalyst in this study accelerated the condensation of rhodanine and thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione with different aldehydes to afford the target scaffolds in excellent yields (88‐98 %). The reaction methodology adopted offered significant advantages such as mild reaction conditions, functional group tolerance, quick reaction time, column‐free isolation, catalytic recyclability, and applicability to gram‐scale production. Moreover, density function theory calculations were carried out to investigate the global reactivity and stability profiles of these compounds. Finally, the green metrics analysis supported the greener nature of the present methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and sustainable propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P)-assisted methodology for the synthesis of N-acyl tryptamines, an interesting class of gut microbiota-derived endocannabinoid-like lipid mediators, was proposed. This protocol is characterized by great operational simplicity, and all products were obtained at room temperature, without the use of an inert atmosphere and by using limited amounts of non-halogenated solvents. Finally, the possibility to realize the reaction under mechanochemical conditions was explored with interesting results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azo compounds with a high density, high enthalpy, and excellent detonation performance have received increasing research attention. The conventional method of chemical dehydrogenation that is used to form azo compounds involves the use of strong oxidants, resulting in environmental pollution. Electrochemical organic synthesis is considered an old method and a new technology. In this work, azofurazan tetrazole {H2 AzFT; 5,5′-[diazene-1,2-diylbis(1,2,5-oxadiazole-4,3-diyl)]bis-1 H -tetrazole} and azofurazan hydroxytetrazole (H2 AzFTO) were synthesized by a green and efficient electrochemical dehydrogenation coupling of 5-(4-aminofurazan-3-yl)-1 H -tetrazole and 5-(4-aminofurazan-3-yl)-1-hydroxytetrazole, respectively. The structures of H2 AzFT and (NH4)2 AzFTO were fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis, and their thermal stabilities were determined by differential thermal analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To help ensure a prosperous future on Earth for coming generations, academia and industry need to transform the way they plan and carry out the synthesis of novel materials to make them more environmentally sustainable. In particular, the field of reticular materials, i.e., metal‐organic frameworks, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks, has great potential to outperform other materials and revolutionize various fields of applications. This review highlights several key aspects from the choice of their starting materials, solvents and synthetic methodologies that fall under the umbrella of the Green Chemistry principles, and incorporates a Circular Economy perspective by providing relevant strategies such as reuse, regeneration, or recycling to maximize the value of the Earth's available resources. Moreover, it will shed light on the life cycle assessment results of selected reticular materials and consider how constraints imposed by Green Chemistry principles, life cycle assessment metrics, and circular patterns will shape the future rational sustainable design and discovery of reticular materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of sulfoxides has long attracted considerable interest due to their pivotal role in organic synthesis, pharmaceutics and environmental protection. Oxidation of the corresponding sulfides is recognized as the most effective strategy. Traditional oxidation methods, however, fall short of the growing demands of green chemistry. Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation has thus garnered attention, employing the greenest and most sustainable oxidants—oxygen or air—and sunlight as the energy source. Nevertheless, these reactions are typically conducted in potentially pollutive organic solvents rather than in the greenest solvent, water. To facilitate this organic transformation in aqueous phase, molecular reactors that can encapsulate reactants within their confined pores and facilitate photocatalytic reactions have been developed recently. This Concept article summarizes the development of molecular reactors for the photocatalytic oxidation of sulfides and provides perspectives for the design and construction of effective photocatalytic molecular reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The catalyst is often the most expensive element in a chemical process, rather than the reactants or products. Apart from the financial benefits, it is equally crucial to recover and reuse the catalyst to prevent waste and enhance the process's greenness. This study successfully synthesized the new, superior, and recyclable heterogeneous chitosan@Ag2O@Mn3O4 three‐phase nanocatalyst with high surface area and stability using Ag2O and Mn3O4 nanoparticles that stabilized on chitosan by copreparation method and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface mapping (mapping), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunner–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques in detail. Following, the efficiency of the synthesized nanocatalyst in the preparation of 2‐hydroxynaphthalenepyrimidine triones using the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, β‐naphthol, and barbituric acid derivatives was investigated and proved. The advantages of this method include performing reactions at room temperature, green media, short reaction times, and the easy purification of the products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key bottleneck in developing chromatographic material is the chemically entangled control of morphology, pore structure, and material chemistry, which holds back precision material manufacture in order to pursue advanced separation performance. In this work, a precision manufacture strategy based on droplet microfluidics was developed, for production of highly efficient chromatographic microspheres with independent control over particle morphology, pore structure and material chemistry. The droplet‐synthesized microspheres display extremely narrow particle size distribution (CV<3 %), enabling a 100 % production yield due to complete elimination of sieving steps. More importantly, the size of the droplet‐synthesized microspheres is freely adjustable without the need for re‐optimizing chemical recipes or reaction conditions. The resulting materials exhibit excellent separation efficiencies, achieving a reduced plate height of hmin=1.67. This precision manufacture strategy also allows for flexible pore design and continuous pore size adjustment across three orders of magnitudes, providing a novel vehicle for resolution fine‐tuning targeting protein separation. Besides traditional silica, organic–inorganic hybrid silica, zirconia, and titania microspheres can also be precisely synthesized on the same platform, supporting various separation applications and operating conditions. Powered by precision manufacture, super‐throughput production, and versatile chemistry, the high‐performance droplet‐synthesized separation material will pave the way towards green and precision chromatographic industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing technology is renowned for its ability to produce components on demand. Presently, the development of sustainable materials has been promoted by Green Chemistry, leading to an increase in the recycling of polymers and other materials for use in 3D printing. In this work, we proposed the construction of a 3D printed electrochemical device using a conductive paste made from 3D printing residues of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filaments and graphite to develop a sustainable sensor for acebutolol detection using square wave voltammetry method. The electrode was characterized using imaging and electrochemical techniques, demonstrating superior electrochemical performance compared to a commercial device. The method exhibited excellent analytical performance with a linear working range from 0.98 to 51.8 μmol L−1 and good detectability (detection limit) of 0.28 μmol L−1. Furthermore, the recycled sensor demonstrated good precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 8.4 % and good accuracy with recovery percentages ranging from 93 to 107 % for monitoring acebutolol in urine and tap water samples. Additionally, the device was free from interference from the matrix and other commonly used drugs, making it suitable for electroanalytical applications and extremely promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary Key Scientists We reviewed works on radical borylation reactions since 2020 from two aspects. 1. Borylation from alkyl or aryl radicals: This approach involves the generation of alkyl or aryl radicals from various precursors such as halides and carboxylic acids, followed by their reaction with diboron reagents to form boron esters. 2. Borylation from boron‐centered radicals: This approach involves generating boron‐centered radicals, which then react with substrates to achieve borylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reported herein is a new reaction for glycosylation with thioglycosides in the presence of iron(III) chloride. Previously, FeCl3 was used for the activation of thioglycosides as a Lewis acid co-promoter paired with NIS. In the reported process, although 5.0 equiv of FeCl3 are needed to activate thioglycosides most efficiently, no additives were used, and the reactions with reactive glycosyl donors smoothly proceeded to completion in 1 h at 0 °C. This work showcases a new direction in developing glycosylation methods using greener and earth-abundant activators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at sustainable solutions suitable for industrial‐scale catalysis catalytic phase containing lipase and deep eutectic solvent (DES) was designed. To achieve this, both physical and chemical immobilizations of lipases were performed on the surface of silica and carbon materials. The catalytic activity of developed biosystem was tested in biotransformation of α‐angelica lactone into butyl levulinate at 60 °C. The best results were achieved for Candida antarctica lipase B adsorbed on fumed silica suspended in choline chloride: glycerol (1:2) with the addition of 20 wt% of water. Under these conditions 99.9% conversion of α‐angelica lactone and 100% selectivity to butyl levulinate were obtained after 45 min. The biocatalytic system maintained its activity for up to five consecutive reaction cycles with full conversion of lactone to ester. The heterogenization of the enzyme allowed the biocatalyst to be integrated into the bulk of the DES, which includes essential water. This combination resulted in the formation of a stable and easy‐to‐operate catalytic phase where reagents formed a second organic phase. The integration of cost‐effective biocatalyst with process efficiency provides a greener alternative with significant potential for industrial use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZSM-5, an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst, is employed for the one-pot, three-component synthesis of 2,4,6-triarylpyridines from substituted benzaldehydes, acetophenones and ammonium acetate using a simple, efficient, and green method. Both electron-releasing and withdrawing aldehydes and ketones went smoothly into substituted 2,4,6-triarylpyridines. Notably, the present reaction was carried out in the solvent-fee condition. The key merits of the present protocol are the milder reaction condition, easy workup protocol, high yield of desired pyridines and recyclability and reusability of the catalyst. The developed protocol offers a broad scope of substrate applicability and good sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike aromatic allenes, the hydrothiolation of aliphatic allenes has proven challenging for previously developed catalysts. Herein, a 3‐iminophosphine supported palladium catalyst is shown to be highly effective for the double hydrothiolation of aliphatic allenes, producing dithioacetals in a regioselective and atom‐efficient manner. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated for twelve new dithioacetals formed from aliphatic allenes and aryl thiols and isolated in moderate to excellent yields in all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐organic frameworks of the CPO‐27 (MOF‐74) series are known for their high adsorption capacities for nitrogen oxides. On the other hand, significantly varying and partly contradictory results were reported regarding their stability to moisture. This aspect has hampered the use of these MOFs in air filtration applications. Here, we show that the stability of CPO‐27 materials towards moisture and CO2 crucially depends on the synthesis parameters. By precisely adjusting the synthetic parameter‐property relationship, it is possible to prepare a highly stable CPO‐27(Ni) MOF by a simple precipitation in water. To demonstrate the capacity for NO2, breakthrough experiments were performed under dry and wet conditions (55% relative humidity). Extremely high values of nearly 0.74 g/g in dry conditions and 1.23 g/g under wet conditions were achieved. These results pave the way for the toxicologically safe and cost‐effective preparation of a moisture‐stable CPO‐27(Ni), bridging the gap to a potential industrial application of the material for the selective adsorption of toxic gases, such as NO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explore the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using calyx wastes from Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) and evaluate their anthelmintic potential against poultry pathogen Raillietina spp. The ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectrum of nanoparticles showed an absorbance peak at 425 nm, confirming AgNP formation. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) analysis indicated the presence of functional groups responsible for reducing silver ions, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the crystallinity of the nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) analyses were used to measure the size (20–50 nm) and morphology (spherical) of the synthesized AgNPs. The dose‐dependent in vitro anthelmintic efficacy was highest at 125 μg/ml of AgNPs, resulting in paralysis and death within 0.54 and 1.29 hours, respectively, while untreated control parasites survived for ~72 hours. The SEM micrographs of the treated parasites showed swelling and blebbing of the tegument. Histochemical localization studies showed a remarkable decline of tegumental and neurotransmitter enzymes involved with the parasite's metabolism and regulation of the endogenous physiological processes. This study underscores the potential of okra calyces in the green synthesis of AgNPs and provides a novel approach to developing alternative anthelmintics that interfere with the host‐parasite interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]