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Healthcare facilities are among the stressful interiors that are likely to negatively affect patients and visitors. When designing hospitals, design techniques that reduce stress and create a positive environment for users should be taken into account. Studies show that the use of green elements and the inclusion of natural factors in indoor spaces reduces people's stress levels and positively increases their psychological state, creativity, productivity, mood and well-being. Biophilic design, which includes the use of both green elements and natural factors which has been frequently used in many public buildings in recent years and has been included in many studies, appears to have positive effects on the environment and people. Incorporating natural design elements into healthcare environments with biophilic design principles positively affects the atmosphere of the place and the indoor comfort of the users. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the existing interior garden on the users of Medicana International hospital in Izmir and to reveal which biophilic design strategies they prefer in the hospital interior. In line with the purpose of the study, a survey consisting of open-ended and Likert scale questions was applied to 55 people in line with the interviews held with the upper management at the selected location. According to the findings, it is seen that users generally prefer indoor gardens in hospitals and that a green space has a positive impact on their healing processes and mental health. Lastly, the results were generally consistent among users, when the obtained quantitative data were analyzed, it was seen that the reliability coefficients (correlation analysis) were in the range of .48 - .57. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green design refers to a design principle and method that comprehensively considers energy and resource conservation, emission reduction, and environmental impact during the product manufacturing and operation process in the product design stage. It strives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions throughout the entire product lifecycle. In the era of information networks, green design is supported by big data, AI network collaborative design, network detection and monitoring, etc. It involves selecting energy-saving processes, green and low-carbon materials, and optimizing product geometry design and surface treatment to achieve efficient resource utilization and minimize waste. For example, selecting environmentally friendly materials through networked intelligence, planning collaborative processing and efficient logistics support, and using reusable packaging are all essential elements of green design. Additionally, green design must support the full lifecycle management and maintenance of products, as well as waste recycling and disposal to promote the circular use of resources. The strategy of green design is crucial for building a green and low-carbon society because it helps reduce the damage to the natural ecological environment caused by human activities and promote harmony between human beings and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic or bioplastic? Which is the least impactful flexible packaging solution for the environment? In literature, few works try to answer this question, and most of them are focused on food packaging applications, comparing only polylactic acid (PLA) with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or other virgin plastics. Besides these lacks in the literature, this work aims at contributing to the scientific knowledge, helping in the meanwhile packaging companies to choose the best solution also for hygienic and sanitary applications as far as the environmental impact is concerned. The study is focused on the life cycle assessment of four solutions made of maize starch, PLA and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and a recycled LDPE (R‐LDPE). The functional unit was a flexible packaging containing 10 sanitary towels. Primary data were retrieved thanks to an Italian company, whereas secondary data were extracted from the Ecoinvent 3.7 database. The SimaPro 9.4 software has been used to calculate the global warming, water consumption, acidification and abiotic depletion of elements and fossil fuels of each packaging solution. The results show that the raw materials and packaging production are the most impactful phases during the life cycle of plastics and bioplastics packaging, if compared to the distribution phase, the auxiliary materials involved and the final disposal. Great benefits could be gained using recycled plastics, which allow to reduce the extraction of virgin materials and overall appear as the best solution from an environmental point of view to package also sanitary products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buildings exert a profound influence on the environment, with the design phase recognized as the pivotal determinant of a building's overall performance. Green building design, in particular, introduces heightened complexity, where the attributes of the design team play a pivotal role in shaping performance outcomes. Consequently, the characteristics of the design team emerge as crucial factors in the enhancement of both green building design performance and client attributes. This study aims to empirically examine a model formulated to gauge the extent to which Effective Design Team Attributes contribute to the enhancement of performance in designing green buildings and influencing client attributes. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive questionnaire survey was administered to professionals within the architecture and engineering domains actively engaged in the design and consulting sectors of the building industry. The collected data underwent meticulous scrutiny for authenticity and dependability using the WINSTEPS 5.2.5 software before undergoing subsequent analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 19, with Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach implemented through Amos version 18 to derive the most robust model. The findings underscore the pivotal role of an adeptly managed design team in significantly improving both the performance of green building designs and the qualities of clients. Rasch's analysis confirmed the validity of our 5-point Likert scale for Design Green Building Performance (DGBP), Effective Design Team Attributes (EDTA), and Client Qualities (CQ). All items demonstrated excellent reliability, separation, and discrimination, ensuring robust data quality. Dimensionality tests revealed the appropriateness of response categories, indicating satisfactory scale performance. The Effective Design Team Model, validated through Principal Components Analysis (PCA), exhibited a satisfactory fit, supported by significant chi-square statistics, high goodness-of-fit indices, and acceptable root mean square residual values. Client attributes displayed a strong association with effective design team management, validating key model elements. The intricacies inherent in the design process can be mitigated by adopting the green design charrette approach. Consequently, the establishment of an effective design team, coupled with green design leadership, active participation, and clarity in roles and responsibilities, emerges as a potent strategy for elevating the performance level of green building designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of growing environmental concerns, the reduction of CO2 emissions is increasingly vital. Particularly in the construction industry, a major contributor to global carbon emissions, addressing this issue is critical for environmental sustainability and mitigating the accelerating impacts of climate change. This study proposes the Optimal Green Design Model for Mega Structures (OGDMM) to optimise CO2 emissions, cost-effectiveness, and serviceability in highrise buildings with mega structures. The OGDMM examines the impact of each material and structural design of main members on these three critical aspects. Analytical results for high-rise buildings (120-200 m, slenderness ratio: 2.0-8.0) demonstrate that OGDMM can reduce CO2 emissions and costs by an average of 4.67% and 3.97%, respectively, without compromising serviceability. To ensure comprehensive evaluation, this study introduces five new evaluation indicators encompassing environmental, economic, and serviceability performances of high-rise buildings. Based on these criteria, optimised structural designs for high-rise buildings are classified into four categories according to slenderness ratio, leading to the formulation of corresponding design guidelines. The model's applicability is further validated through its application to a 270-m-tall high-rise building in Korea, showing reductions in CO2 emissions and costs by 8.99% and 18.50%, respectively, while maintaining structural serviceability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a brief discussion of the major nanopharmaceuticals formulations as well as the impact of nanotechnology on the future of pharmaceuticals. Effective and eco-friendly strategies of biofabrication are also highlighted. Modern approaches to designing pharmaceutical nanoformulations (e.g., 3D printing, Phyto-Nanotechnology, Biomimetics/Bioinspiration, etc.) are outlined. This paper discusses the need to use natural resources for the "green" design of new nanoformulations with therapeutic efficiency. Nanopharmaceuticals research is still in its early stages, and the preparation of nanomaterials must be carefully considered. Therefore, safety and long-term effects of pharmaceutical nanoformulations must not be overlooked. The testing of nanopharmaceuticals represents an essential point in their further applications. Vegetal scaffolds obtained by decellularizing plant leaves represent a valuable, bioinspired model for nanopharmaceutical testing that avoids using animals. Nanoformulations are critical in various fields, especially in pharmacy, medicine, agriculture, and material science, due to their unique properties and advantages over conventional formulations that allows improved solubility, bioavailability, targeted drug delivery, controlled release, and reduced toxicity. Nanopharmaceuticals have transitioned from experimental stages to being a vital component of clinical practice, significantly improving outcomes in medical fields for cancer treatment, infectious diseases, neurological disorders, personalized medicine, and advanced diagnostics. Here are the key points highlighting their importance. The significant challenges, opportunities, and future directions are mentioned in the final section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pemindahan Ibu Kota Negara Nusantara (IKN) memberikan dampak pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kota yang pesat pada area penyangga Kota Balikpapan. Pertumbuhan yang dimaksud adalah penambahan area terbangun, peningkatan infrastruktur, dan peningkatan kesejahteraan. Namun dilain sisi, Pemindahan IKN Nusantara dapat semakin memperbesar dampak pemanasan global karena tingginya kontribusi emisi CO₂ khususnya yang dihasilkan oleh bangunan. Perumahan Grand City dipilih sebagai lokasi studi didasari atas konsep green yang telah diterapkan, luas lahan, serta ketersediaan masterplan dan dokumen lingkungan. Tujuan khususnya dengan mengevaluasi konsep green pada Perumahan Grand City dengan rating tools Greenship Neighborhood Assessment. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu hasil penilaian pada objek penelitian dievaluasi dalam bentuk skor dengan menggunakan rating tools Greenship Neighborhood Assessment Version 1.0. Hasil yang didapatkan berdasarkan penilaian menggunakan greenship neighborhood versi 1.0 bahwa nilai maksimum secara keseluruhan sebesar 124, kawasan Perumahan Grand City mendapatkan nilai sebesar 28 dengan bobot 22,4% sehingga kawasan perumahan ini belum memenuhi peringkat apapun. Perolehan nilai yang paling tinggi adalah kategori Pergerakan dan Konektivitas dengan skor sebesar 7 dari nilai maksimum 26. Sedangkan, perolehan nilai yang paling rendah adalah Bangunan dan Energi (BAE) serta Inovasi Pengembangan dan Inovasi (IFD) dengan skor identik sebesar 2 dari nilai maksimum 15 untuk BAE dan 9 untuk IFD. Oleh karena itu, perlunya mewujudkan lingkungan Perumahan Grand City yang layak tinggal, nyaman dan efisien sesuai dengan rating tools Greenship Neighborhood Assessment Versi 1.0 di lingkungan perkotaan.

Designs for remanufacturing (DfRem) consider the remanufacturability of the product in the early stages of product design, which can greatly increase the reusability of the products. However, product design schemes lack reasonable evaluation indicators for remanufacturability, and the decision-makers of the design scheme have subjective preferences and vague hesitation. These result in inaccurate decision making on DfRem schemes that will affect the successful implementation of product remanufacturing. In order to improve the accuracy of the DfRem scheme decision, a fuzzy decision-making method for green design for remanufacturability is proposed. Firstly, an evaluation indicator system for green design schemes was established that takes into account remanufacturability, reliability, cost, and the environment, and the entropy weighting method is used to quantify and weigh the design scheme evaluation indicators. Then, the hesitation fuzzy set is applied to construct the set of evaluations and the optimal design scheme is selected by applying the comprehensive evaluation method. Finally, the feasibility of the above method is verified by using the green design of an injection mold as an example, and the results show that the above method is able to make accurate and effective design scheme decisions. This method has been implemented in a prototype system using Visual Studio 2022 and Microsoft SQL Server 2022. The results show that the fuzzy decision-making system is accurate and effective for rapidly generating a rational green design scheme for remanufacturability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We have observed from practice that to create new economic and environmental values, both the upstream and downstream firms in sustainable supply chain are motivated to invest in green design. Channel leadership as an important factor affecting the channel profit distribution will reshape the investment motivation of enterprises. In this paper, we construct six kinds of pricing and green design decision models to explore the optimal green design strategies for sustainable supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer under different channel leadership, and investigate the interaction between channel leadership and green design strategy, and their impacts on sustainable supply chain performance, environment and consumer surplus. We find that regardless of the channel leadership, the wholesale and retail prices of products under different green design strategies are always affected by the cost effect of green design. In terms of boosting the green design level and market demand, increasing the consumer surplus and enterprises profits, only when the manufacturer is the channel leader and the green design cost effect is small, the retailer can implement green design better. Moreover, when the manufacturer implements green design, the better channel structure between the retailer-led and Nash equilibrium game depends on the green design cost effect, but both are better than the manufacturer-led. However, when the retailer implements green design, the channel structure of Nash equilibrium game is always better. We finally illustrate that under different channel leadership, which green design strategy is more conducive to reducing the total environment impact of products depends on the joint effect of green design cost effect and green design environment effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]