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2. Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea.

Author

Williams, Charlotte A. J., Hull, Tom, Kaiser, Jan, Mahaffey, Claire, Greenwood, Naomi, Toberman, Matthew, and Palmer, Matthew R.

Subjects
ENERGY infrastructure, MIXING height (Atmospheric chemistry), GLIDERS (Aeronautics), OXYGEN, AUTUMN, STRATIFIED flow
Abstract

There is an immediate need to better understand and monitor shelf sea dissolved oxygen (O 2) concentrations. Here we use high-resolution glider observations of turbulence and O 2 concentrations to directly estimate the vertical O 2 flux into the bottom mixed layer (BML) immediately before the autumn breakdown of stratification in a seasonally stratified shelf sea. We present a novel method to resolve the oxycline across sharp gradients due to slow optode response time and optode positioning in a flow "shadow zone" on Slocum gliders. The vertical O 2 flux to the low-O 2 BML was found to be between 2.5 to 6.4 mmol m -2 d -1. Episodic intense mixing events were responsible for the majority (up to 90 %) of this oxygen supply despite making up 40 % of the observations. Without these intense mixing events, BML O 2 concentrations would approach ecologically concerning levels by the end of the stratified period. Understanding the driving forces behind episodic mixing and how these may change under future climate scenarios and renewable energy infrastructure is key for monitoring shelf sea health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Passive-Sampler-Derived PCB and OCP Concentrations in the Waters of the World─First Results from the AQUA-GAPS/MONET Network

Author

Lohmann, Rainer, primary, Vrana, Branislav, additional, Muir, Derek, additional, Smedes, Foppe, additional, Sobotka, Jaromír, additional, Zeng, Eddy Y., additional, Bao, Lian-Jun, additional, Allan, Ian J, additional, Astrahan, Peleg, additional, Barra, Ricardo O., additional, Bidleman, Terry, additional, Dykyi, Evgen, additional, Estoppey, Nicolas, additional, Fillmann, Gilberto, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Helm, Paul A., additional, Jantunen, Liisa, additional, Kaserzon, Sarit, additional, Macías, J. Vinicio, additional, Maruya, Keith A., additional, Molina, Francisco, additional, Newman, Brent, additional, Prats, Raimon M., additional, Tsapakis, Manolis, additional, Tysklind, Mats, additional, van Drooge, Barend L., additional, Veal, Cameron J, additional, and Wong, Charles S., additional

Published
2023
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6. Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea

Author

Williams, Charlotte, Hull, Tom, Palmer, Matthew, Mahaffey, Claire, Greenwood, Naomi, Kaiser, Jan, and Toberman, Matthew

Abstract

There is an immediate need to better understand and monitor shelf sea dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations. Here we use high-resolution glider observations of turbulence and O2 concentrations to directly estimate the vertical O2 flux into the bottom mixed layer (BML) immediately before the autumn breakdown of stratification in a seasonally stratified shelf sea. We present a novel method to resolve the oxycline across sharp gradients due to slow optode response time and optode positioning in a flow "shadow zone" on Slocum gliders. The vertical O2 flux to the low-O2 BML was found to be between 2.3 to 6.4 mmol m-2 d-1. Episodic intense mixing events were responsible for the majority (up to 90 %) of this oxygen supply despite making up 40 % of the observations. Without these intense mixing events, BML O2 concentrations would approach ecologically concerning levels by the end of the stratified period. Understanding the driving forces behind episodic mixing and how these may change under future climate scenarios and renewable energy infrastructure is key for monitoring shelf sea health.

Published
2023

8. A Probabilistic Approach to Mapping the Contribution of Individual Riverine Discharges into Liverpool Bay Using Distance Accumulation Cost Methods on Satellite Derived Ocean-Colour Data.

Author

Heal, Richard, Fronkova, Lenka, Silva, Tiago, Collingridge, Kate, Harrod, Richard, Greenwood, Naomi, and Devlin, Michelle J.

Subjects
WATER quality, WATERSHEDS, OCEAN color, TERRITORIAL waters, COASTS, SPRING, AUTUMN
Abstract

Assessments of the water quality in coastal zones often rely on indirect indicators from contributing river inputs and the neighbouring ocean. Using a novel combination of distance accumulation cost methods and an ocean-colour product derived from SENTINEL-3 data, we developed a probabilistic method for the assessment of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in Liverpool Bay (UK) for the period from 2017 to 2020. Using our approach, we showed the annual and monthly likelihood of DIN exposure from its 12 major contributory rivers. Furthermore, we generated monthly risk maps showing the probability of DIN exposure from all rivers, which revealed a seasonal variation of extent and location around the bay. The highest likelihood of high DIN exposure throughout the year was in the estuarine regions of the Dee, Mersey, and Ribble, along with near-shore areas along the north Wales coast and around the mouth of the rivers Mersey and Ribble. There were seasonal changes in the risk of DIN exposure, and this risk remained high all year for the Mersey and Dee estuary regions. In contrast, for the mouth and near the coastal areas of the Ribble, the DIN exposure decreased in spring, remained low during the summer and early autumn, before displaying an increase during winter. Our approach offers the ability to assess the water quality within coastal zones without the need of complex hydrodynamic models, whilst still having the potential to apportion nutrient exposure to specific riverine inputs. This information can help to prioritise how direct mitigation strategies can be applied to specific river catchments, focusing the limited resources for coastal zone and river basin management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea.

Author

Williams, Charlotte A. J., Hull, Tom, Palmer, Matthew R., Mahaffey, Claire, Greenwood, Naomi, Kaiser, Jan, and Toberman, Matthew

Subjects
ENERGY infrastructure, MIXING height (Atmospheric chemistry), OXYGEN, AUTUMN, RENEWABLE energy sources, STRATIFIED flow
Abstract

There is an immediate need to better understand and monitor shelf sea dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations. Here we use high-resolution glider observations of turbulence and O2 concentrations to directly estimate the vertical O2 flux into the bottom mixed layer (BML) immediately before the autumn breakdown of stratification in a seasonally stratified shelf sea. We present a novel method to resolve the oxycline across sharp gradients due to slow optode response time and optode positioning in a flow "shadow zone" on Slocum gliders. The vertical O2 flux to the low-O2 BML was found to be between 2.3 to 6.4 mmol m-2 d-1. Episodic intense mixing events were responsible for the majority (up to 90 %) of this oxygen supply despite making up 40 % of the observations. Without these intense mixing events, BML O2 concentrations would approach ecologically concerning levels by the end of the stratified period. Understanding the driving forces behind episodic mixing and how these may change under future climate scenarios and renewable energy infrastructure is key for monitoring shelf sea health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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17. JERICO-RI network of coastal observatories, proof of concept for Pilot Supersites

Author

Seppälä, Jukka, Frangoulis, Constantin, Tamminen, Timo, Petihakis, George, Brix, Holger, Ove Möller, Klas, Puillat, Ingrid, Allen, John, Tintore, Joaquin, Coppola, Laurent, Bourrin, François, Lefebvre, Alain, Verney, Romaric, Blauw, Anouk, Laakso, Lauri, Johansson, Milla, Rehder , Gregor, Liblik, Taavi, Lips, Urmas, Mostajir, Behzad, Griffa, Annalisa, Berta, Maristella, Gómez, Begoña Pérez, Mourre, Baptiste, Del Rio, Joaquin, Voynova, Yoana, Frigstad, Helene, Artigas, Luis Felipe, Créach, Véronique, Greenwood, Naomi, Deneudt, Klaas, Wehde, Henning, Fischer, Philipp, Fettweis, Michael, Enserink, Lisette, Tsiaras​, Kostas, Thyssen, Melilotus, King, Andrew, Rubio, Anna, Grémare, Antoine, El Serafy, Ghada, Pfannkuchen, Martin, DELAUNEY, Laurent, and Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

24. Carbon on the Northwest European Shelf: Contemporary Budget and Future Influences

Author

Legge, Oliver, primary, Johnson, Martin, additional, Hicks, Natalie, additional, Jickells, Tim, additional, Diesing, Markus, additional, Aldridge, John, additional, Andrews, Julian, additional, Artioli, Yuri, additional, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., additional, Burrows, Michael T., additional, Carr, Nealy, additional, Cripps, Gemma, additional, Felgate, Stacey L., additional, Fernand, Liam, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Hartman, Susan, additional, Kröger, Silke, additional, Lessin, Gennadi, additional, Mahaffey, Claire, additional, Mayor, Daniel J., additional, Parker, Ruth, additional, Queirós, Ana M., additional, Shutler, Jamie D., additional, Silva, Tiago, additional, Stahl, Henrik, additional, Tinker, Jonathan, additional, Underwood, Graham J. C., additional, Van Der Molen, Johan, additional, Wakelin, Sarah, additional, Weston, Keith, additional, and Williamson, Phillip, additional

Published
2020
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25. Toward a Harmonization for Using in situ Nutrient Sensors in the Marine Environment

Author

Daniel, Anne, primary, Laës-Huon, Agathe, additional, Barus, Carole, additional, Beaton, Alexander D., additional, Blandfort, Daniel, additional, Guigues, Nathalie, additional, Knockaert, Marc, additional, Munaron, Dominique, additional, Salter, Ian, additional, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, and Achterberg, Eric P., additional

Published
2020
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26. Winter weather controls net influx of atmospheric CO2 on the north-west European shelf

Author

Kitidis, Vassilis, primary, Shutler, Jamie D., additional, Ashton, Ian, additional, Warren, Mark, additional, Brown, Ian, additional, Findlay, Helen, additional, Hartman, Sue E., additional, Sanders, Richard, additional, Humphreys, Matthew, additional, Kivimäe, Caroline, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Hull, Tom, additional, Pearce, David, additional, McGrath, Triona, additional, Stewart, Brian M., additional, Walsham, Pamela, additional, McGovern, Evin, additional, Bozec, Yann, additional, Gac, Jean-Philippe, additional, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Schuster, Ute, additional, Johannessen, Truls, additional, Omar, Abdirahman, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Steinhoff, Tobias, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Lefevre, Nathalie, additional, Diverrès, Denis, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Cattrijsse, André, additional, Petersen, Wilhelm, additional, Voynova, Yoana G., additional, Chapron, Bertrand, additional, Grouazel, Antoine, additional, Land, Peter E., additional, Sharples, Jonathan, additional, and Nightingale, Philip D., additional

Published
2019
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29. Promoting Scientist–Advocate Collaborations in Cancer Research: Why and How

Author

Salamone, Jeannine M., primary, Lucas, Wanda, additional, Brundage, Shelley B., additional, Holloway, Jamie N., additional, Stahl, Sherri M., additional, Carbine, Nora E., additional, London, Margery, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Goyes, Rosa, additional, Chisholm, Deborah Charles, additional, Price, Erin, additional, Carlin, Roberta, additional, Winarsky, Susan, additional, Baker, Kirsten B., additional, Maues, Julia, additional, and Shajahan-Haq, Ayesha N., additional

Published
2018
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30. A decline in primary production in the North Sea over 25 years, associated with reductions in zooplankton abundance and fish stock recruitment

Author

Capuzzo, Elisa, primary, Lynam, Christopher P., additional, Barry, Jon, additional, Stephens, David, additional, Forster, Rodney M., additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, McQuatters-Gollop, Abigail, additional, Silva, Tiago, additional, van Leeuwen, Sonja M., additional, and Engelhard, Georg H., additional

Published
2017
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31. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl M., Cosca, Catherine E., Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik H., Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph F., Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley B., Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joseph E., Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric, school of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Équipe CO2 (E-CO2), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington [Seattle], National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), University of Exeter, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), Departamento de Oceanografia, Servicio de Hidrografía Naval, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science (CIMAS), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables]-University of Miami [Coral Gables], Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Departmento de Engenharia de Produção, Centro de Estudos e Ensaios em Risco e Modelagem Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware [Newark], The Third Institute of Oceanography SOA, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg (GU), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Ocean Systems and Climate Group, CSIR, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire (UNH), IRD Lago Sul, Brazil, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, University of the Aegean, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Institute, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), Austral, Boréal et Carbone (ABC), Department of Ocean Sciences, University of Miami [Coral Gables], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder] (ATOC), University of Colorado [Boulder], Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Research Institute for Fisheries Science,Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory (OPAL), Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Weathertop consulting LLC, International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, WCRP Joint planning staff, World Meteorological Organization (WCRP), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), AirSea Laboratory, School of Physics and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of Leeds, College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], Met Eireann, CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), Centre de résonance magnétique des systèmes biologiques (CRMSB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), CHImie Marine (CHIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Department of Chemistry, Computer Science Department (UBC-Computer Science), University of British Columbia (UBC), Laboratoire de Biophysique et Dynamique des Systèmes Intégrés (BDSI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship (CSIRO), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Federal University of Pernambuco [Recife], University of California, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Berkeley] (CEE), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, University of Wisconsin Whitewater, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Department of Computer Science [Royal Holloway], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, School of Physics [NUI Galway], School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, lcsh:Geology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], lcsh:QE1-996.5, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here: doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_V3_GRID.

Published
2016

32. Carbon dioxide and ocean acidification observations in UK waters. Synthesis report with a focus on 2010–2015

Author

Ostle, Clare, Williamson, Phillip, Artioli, Yuri, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Birchenough, Silvana, Davis, Clare E., Dye, Stephen, Edwards, Martin, Findlay, Helen S., Greenwood, Naomi, Hartman, Susan, Humphreys, Matthew P., Jickells, Tim, Johnson, Martin, Landschuetzer, Peter, Parker, Ruth, Pearce, David, Pinnegar, John, Robinson, Carol, Schuster, Ute, Silburn, Briony, Thomas, Rob, Wakelin, Sarah, Walsham, Pamela, and Watson, Andrew J.

Abstract

Key messages: 1.1 The process of ocean acidification is now relatively well-documented at the global scale as a long-term trend in the open ocean. However, short-term and spatial variability can be high. 1.2 New datasets made available since Charting Progress 2 make it possible to greatly improve the characterisation of CO2 and ocean acidification in UK waters. 3.1 Recent UK cruise data contribute to large gaps in national and global datasets. 3.2 The new UK measurements confirm that pH is highly variable, therefore it is important to measure consistently to determine any long term trends. 3.3 Over the past 30 years, North Sea pH has decreased at 0.0035±0.0014 pH units per year. 3.4 Upper ocean pH values are highest in spring, lowest in autumn. These changes reflect the seasonal cycles in photosynthesis, respiration (decomposition) and water mixing. 3.5 Carbonate saturation states are minimal in the winter, and lower in 7 more northerly, colder waters. This temperature-dependence could have implications for future warming of the seas. 3.6 Over the annual cycle, North-west European seas are net sinks of CO2. However, during late summer to autumn months, some coastal waters may be significant sources. 3.7 In seasonally-stratified waters, sea-floor organisms naturally experience lower pH and saturation states; they may therefore be more vulnerable to threshold changes. 3.8 Large pH changes (0.5 - 1.0 units) can occur in the top 1 cm of sediment; however, such effects are not well-documented. 3.9 A coupled forecast model estimates the decrease in pH trend within the North Sea to be -0.0036±0.00034 pH units per year, under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP 8.5). 3.10 Seasonal estimates from the forecast model demonstrate areas of the North Sea that are particularly vulnerable to aragonite undersaturation.

Published
2016

34. A Review of the Tools Used for Marine Monitoring in the UK: Combining Historic and Contemporary Methods with Modeling and Socioeconomics to Fulfill Legislative Needs and Scientific Ambitions

Author

Bean, Tim P., primary, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Beckett, Rachel, additional, Biermann, Lauren, additional, Bignell, John P., additional, Brant, Jan L., additional, Copp, Gordon H., additional, Devlin, Michelle J., additional, Dye, Stephen, additional, Feist, Stephen W., additional, Fernand, Liam, additional, Foden, Dean, additional, Hyder, Kieran, additional, Jenkins, Chris M., additional, van der Kooij, Jeroen, additional, Kröger, Silke, additional, Kupschus, Sven, additional, Leech, Clare, additional, Leonard, Kinson S., additional, Lynam, Christopher P., additional, Lyons, Brett P., additional, Maes, Thomas, additional, Nicolaus, E. E. Manuel, additional, Malcolm, Stephen J., additional, McIlwaine, Paul, additional, Merchant, Nathan D., additional, Paltriguera, Lucille, additional, Pearce, David J., additional, Pitois, Sophie G., additional, Stebbing, Paul D., additional, Townhill, Bryony, additional, Ware, Suzanne, additional, Williams, Oliver, additional, and Righton, David, additional

Published
2017
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35. A multi-decade record of high-quality <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Bakker, Dorothee C. E., primary, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Landa, Camilla S., additional, Metzl, Nicolas, additional, O'Brien, Kevin M., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Smith, Karl, additional, Cosca, Cathy, additional, Harasawa, Sumiko, additional, Jones, Stephen D., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, additional, Nojiri, Yukihiro, additional, Schuster, Ute, additional, Steinhoff, Tobias, additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Takahashi, Taro, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Wada, Chisato, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Balestrini, Carlos F., additional, Barbero, Leticia, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Bianchi, Alejandro A., additional, Bonou, Frédéric, additional, Boutin, Jacqueline, additional, Bozec, Yann, additional, Burger, Eugene F., additional, Cai, Wei-Jun, additional, Castle, Robert D., additional, Chen, Liqi, additional, Chierici, Melissa, additional, Currie, Kim, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Featherstone, Charles, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fransson, Agneta, additional, Goyet, Catherine, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Hankin, Steven, additional, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., additional, Harlay, Jérôme, additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Humphreys, Matthew P., additional, Hunt, Christopher W., additional, Huss, Betty, additional, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., additional, Johannessen, Truls, additional, Keeling, Ralph, additional, Kitidis, Vassilis, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, additional, Kuwata, Akira, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lo Monaco, Claire, additional, Manke, Ansley, additional, Mathis, Jeremy T., additional, Merlivat, Liliane, additional, Millero, Frank J., additional, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Newberger, Timothy, additional, Omar, Abdirahman M., additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Paterson, Kristina, additional, Pearce, David, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Robbins, Lisa L., additional, Saito, Shu, additional, Salisbury, Joe, additional, Schlitzer, Reiner, additional, Schneider, Bernd, additional, Schweitzer, Roland, additional, Sieger, Rainer, additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Sullivan, Kevin F., additional, Sutherland, Stewart C., additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Tadokoro, Kazuaki, additional, Telszewski, Maciej, additional, Tuma, Matthias, additional, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., additional, Vandemark, Doug, additional, Ward, Brian, additional, Watson, Andrew J., additional, and Xu, Suqing, additional

Published
2016
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36. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO<sub>2</sub> data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Bakker, Dorothee C. E., primary, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Landa, Camilla S., additional, Metzl, Nicolas, additional, O'Brien, Kevin M., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Smith, Karl, additional, Cosca, Cathy, additional, Harasawa, Sumiko, additional, Jones, Stephen D., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, additional, Nojiri, Yukihiro, additional, Schuster, Ute, additional, Steinhoff, Tobias, additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Takahashi, Taro, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Wada, Chisato, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Balestrini, Carlos F., additional, Barbero, Leticia, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Bianchi, Alejandro A., additional, Bonou, Frédéric, additional, Boutin, Jacqueline, additional, Bozec, Yann, additional, Burger, Eugene F., additional, Cai, Wei-Jun, additional, Castle, Robert D., additional, Chen, Liqi, additional, Chierici, Melissa, additional, Currie, Kim, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Featherstone, Charles, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fransson, Agneta, additional, Goyet, Catherine, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Hankin, Steven, additional, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., additional, Harlay, Jérôme, additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Humphreys, Matthew P., additional, Hunt, Christopher W., additional, Huss, Betty, additional, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., additional, Johannessen, Truls, additional, Keeling, Ralph, additional, Kitidis, Vassilis, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, additional, Kuwata, Akira, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lo Monaco, Claire, additional, Manke, Ansley, additional, Mathis, Jeremy T., additional, Merlivat, Liliane, additional, Millero, Frank J., additional, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Newberger, Timothy, additional, Omar, Abdirahman M., additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Paterson, Kristina, additional, Pearce, David, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Robbins, Lisa L., additional, Saito, Shu, additional, Salisbury, Joe, additional, Schlitzer, Reiner, additional, Schneider, Bernd, additional, Schweitzer, Roland, additional, Sieger, Rainer, additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Sullivan, Kevin F., additional, Sutherland, Stewart C., additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Tadokoro, Kazuaki, additional, Telszewski, Maciej, additional, Tuma, Matthias, additional, Van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., additional, Vandemark, Doug, additional, Ward, Brian, additional, Watson, Andrew J., additional, and Xu, Suqing, additional

Published
2016
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41. A decline in primary production in the North Sea over 25 years, associated with reductions in zooplankton abundance and fish stock recruitment.

Author

Capuzzo, Elisa, Lynam, Christopher P., Barry, Jon, Stephens, David, Forster, Rodney M., Greenwood, Naomi, McQuatters‐Gollop, Abigail, Silva, Tiago, van Leeuwen, Sonja M., and Engelhard, Georg H.

Subjects
PHYTOPLANKTON, FOOD chains, ECOSYSTEMS, BIOMASS, CLIMATE change
Abstract

Phytoplankton primary production is at the base of the marine food web; changes in primary production have direct or indirect effects on higher trophic levels, from zooplankton organisms to marine mammals and seabirds. Here, we present a new time-series on gross primary production in the North Sea, from 1988 to 2013, estimated using in situ measurements of chlorophyll and underwater light. This shows that recent decades have seen a significant decline in primary production in the North Sea. Moreover, primary production differs in magnitude between six hydrodynamic regions within the North Sea. Sea surface warming and reduced riverine nutrient inputs are found to be likely contributors to the declining levels of primary production. In turn, significant correlations are found between observed changes in primary production and the dynamics of higher trophic levels including (small) copepods and a standardized index of fish recruitment, averaged over seven stocks of high commercial significance in the North Sea. Given positive (bottom-up) associations between primary production, zooplankton abundance and fish stock recruitment, this study provides strong evidence that if the decline in primary production continues, knock-on effects upon the productivity of fisheries are to be expected unless these fisheries are managed effectively and cautiously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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42. Fit to work? Prevention is better than cure.

Author

Pike, James and Greenwood, Naomi

Subjects
Employee recruitment -- Laws, regulations and rules, Medical records -- Laws, regulations and rules, Depression, Mental -- Laws, regulations and rules, Employment discrimination -- Laws, regulations and rules, Cheltenham Borough Council v. Laird (2009 E.W.H.C. 1253 (Q.B.)), Government regulation
Published
2009

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