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Neurodevelopmental insults leading to malformations of cortical development (MCD) are a common cause of psychiatric disorders, learning impairments and epilepsy. In the methylazoxymethanol (MAM) model of MCDs, animals have impairments in spatial cognition that, remarkably, are improved by post-weaning environmental enrichment (EE). To establish how EE impacts network-level mechanisms of spatial cognition, hippocampal in vivo single unit recordings were performed in freely moving animals in an open arena. We took a generalized linear modeling approach to extract fine spike timing (FST) characteristics and related these to place cell fidelity used as a surrogate of spatial cognition. We find that MAM disrupts FST and place-modulated rate coding in hippocampal CA1 and that EE improves many FST parameters towards normal. Moreover, FST parameters predict spatial coherence of neurons, suggesting that mechanisms determining altered FST are responsible for impaired cognition in MCDs. This suggests that FST parameters could represent a therapeutic target to improve cognition even in the context of a brain that develops with a structural abnormality.

Objetive. The objective of this article is to analyze the scientific production on creative tourism indexed in the Scopus database and to identify gaps, trends and future lines of research. Method. The bibliometric method was used to map the state of the art and identify trends, gaps and future lines of research. A search was made in the Scopus database for scientific articles that included the terms creative tourism in the title, abstract or keywords. Bibexcel software was used to calculate productivity indicators and h-index. The VOSviewer software allowed the analysis of bibilometric networks of citation, co-citation and co-occurrence of keywords. Results. A total of 120 articles corresponding to the period 2002-2020 were found. The scientific production on creative tourism is growing and presents a high rate of topicality. Greg Richards was the most prolix author with the highest h-index, which confirms him as a reference in the subject. The most productive journals are Current Issues in Tourism and Annals of Tourism Research. Creative tourism has been studied from three fundamental thematic lines: tourism and creativity, creative experience and creative space. Conclusions. The implications of the results of the study for academics, researchers and tourism managers were presented. Studies on the profile of the creative tourist, the role of new technologies, co-creation of experiences, as well as the inclusion of variables such as repetition intention, image, motivation and the role of the community in creative tourism were proposed as research opportunities.

There is a growing debate about the use of creativity for sustainable development, particularly in terms of increasing the creative potential of cities. However, studies based on the experiences and perspectives of leading authors in this area are limited. Greg Richards is a long-standing researcher on the application of creativity in various socio-economic sectors, including creative tourism, creative cities, economy, and creative industries. This study, based on a semi-structured interview conducted with Greg Richards, seeks to present some reflections and ideas for ways forward, considering the scenario before, during, and after the Covid-19 pandemic and its possible effects on the new economy. Particular attention is paid to the emerge of ‘glocal’ creativity, especially related to the UNESCO Creative Cities.

This paper examines the position of crafts within the creative industries and considers how this has been affected by the growing links between the creative industries and tourism. A review of the creative industries concept indicates that crafts occupy an ambiguous position between art and tradition, which problematises their relationship with the creative industries. This is gradually changing at the creative and tourism sectors become more closely linked, and craft has become an important element of the development of creative tourism experiences. We review the role of craft in creative tourism, including case studies from Brazil, Finland, and Thailand, to examine how tourism can support the creative development of crafts. This analysis indicates that craft can be an important aspect of creative tourism development in different contexts and can provide a strong basis for placemaking initiatives.

This paper presents a conversation between Greg Richards and Jorge Piqué on the development of creative districts and their links to creative tourism. The discussion ranged from the genesis of creative districts and creative tourism to contemporary challenges of creative placemaking. It includes a consideration of the development of cultural tourism, and how creative tourism emerged as a separate field of analysis in the new Millennium. As places have sought to distinguish themselves in an increasingly competitive global market, they have turned to creativity as a source of inspiration. Tourists tired of standardised products and crowded cultural sites have sought out the more localised experiences provided by creative districts and creative tourism. Creative districts have therefore become a vital tool for placemaking, providing access to the ‘extraordinary everyday’ and generating new models of creative tourism.

We explore the role of restaurants and food events in promoting local and regional gastronomy in the Minho region in Northern Portugal. Interviews with restaurant owners and event organizers in this mainly rural region reveal that innovation is driven mainly by changing consumer tastes, but also constrained by consumer expectations of low prices. Restaurants maintain a family-run structure, also due to a lack of human resources. The main thrust of innovation lies in creating a convivial atmosphere, but there is less emphasis on locally produced food ingredients. In the long run this may undermine the regional food culture and its authenticity, despite the perceived importance of tradition.

This paper aims to review the development of creativity in tourism, and analyses the potential role of smaller places in creative development. In the past, the role of creativity has been primarily analysed in larger cities. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the creative development of smaller cities and regions. We argue that smaller places should not attempt to emulate big city models of creative development, such as attracting the creative class, but should find their own creative mode based on using their endogenous resources, capacity building and bottom-up creativity. In this way they can avoid the ‘creativity trap’ of following generic creativity models and develop modes of creative tourism more appropriate to their size and capabilities.

This paper reports on a global survey of Millennial travellers aged 18-35 and analyses motivations across world regions and countries. An adapted version of the Leisure Motivations Scale was subjected to factor analysis, revealing four dimensions of motivation: Relaxation, Exploring, Challenge and Socialising. All Millennials tend to see exploring as most important, but Asian travellers in particular emphasise both relaxation and challenge. Motivations were also found to vary according to age and destination, indicating that motivations are not just individual, but also context-related. We conclude that Millennials are not a coherent global generation in terms of travel motivations.

Globalisation and new information technology are bringing significant changes to tourism. Tourism experiences are now increasingly being co-produced by tourism companies, tourists and local residents. This has significant implications for cities such as Barcelona, where there has been an explosion of new tourism products through new intermediaries such as Airbnb. As a result, tourism is penetrating further into the fabric of the city, and is also being produced by the residents of Barcelona themselves. Perhaps for this reason they complain less about the negative effects of tourism than might be expected.

This study reviews the findings of longitudinal field research in Sibiu on the cultural profile of tourists during and afterthe European Cultural Capital Programme (ECOC) and the effects of the event on local tourism. The impact of theevent can be gauged through the growth of tourism stimulated by infrastructure improvements and productdevelopment, not only in terms of increasing tourist numbers but also by the increase of local income from tourism andrelated sectors. The ECOC has turned into a model followed by many European cities seeking tourism growth andimage change. The ten years of research conducted in Sibiu have highlighted the variety of long term effects that canresult from such a complex development model, including tourism growth, changes in tourist profile, imageimprovement and increased social cohesion.

Muchos estudios han resaltado los efectos negativos potenciales del turismo sobre la cultura local. Los eventos culturales son un área de preocupación particular dado que pueden parecer "inauténticos" al ser vistos por los turistas, además de perder el significado para los residentes locales. Estos argumentos tienden a pasar por altola capacidad de las comunidades locales para usar el turismo de manera creativa como medio para exponer y fortalecer su identidad local (friedman, 1994). Uno de las más importantes indicadores de resistencia de las comunidades locales es el nivel del capital social presente en la población receptora, lo cual es importante a la hora de crear cohesión social y asegurar una distribución más equitativa de los beneficios del turismo. Este artículo presenta un estudio del capital social, redes locales y turismo en Cataluña. Encuestas a residentes locales y visitantes a las fiestas indican un nivel relativamente alto de capital social entre los residentes locales, particularmente en términos de membresías a asociaciones culturales. Existe una relación directa entre membresía de asociaciones culturales, participación activa en eventos culturales y actitudes positivas hacia cambios culturales y hacia el turismo. Esta investigación plantea que el desarrollo del capital social puede ser una manera de desarrollar relaciones más positivas entre el turismo y la cultura, tomando en cuenta que el papel de las asociaciones y redes locales es esencial en este proceso.