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In this study, based on 55 years’ worth of high-resolution simulated wave data using numerical modeling off the southern coasts of China, intra-annual and decadal variations of the wave climate and wave energy were evaluated. The results show that it is important to consider a sufficiently long time period for wave energy assessment to take into account the changing climate. The high-resolution wave dataset enabled the quantitative analysis in both nearshore and offshore, and the quantitative analysis was performed in two phases: First, using two different approaches. i.e., “Climate-dependent Sustainability Index” and “Wave Exploitability Index”, the wave power and its short and long-term changes were considered to prioritize the candidate stations for further assessment. Then, a modified “Multi-Criteria Approach” consisting of both sea state and Wave Energy Converters (WECs) was applied to determine the most suitable combination of WEC and location in the domain, which is Wave Dragon in the eastern parts of the domain with the energy production of around 92, 000 MWh for a single device. The results provide the quantitative analysis for different scenarios of development plans in the study area on the selection of appropriate location and technology.

Offshore wind energy is widely regarded as one of the most credible sources for increasing renewable energy production towards a resilient and decarbonised energy supply. However, current expectations for the expansion of energy production from offshore wind may lead to significant environmental impacts. Assessing ecological risks to marine ecosystems from electricity production from wind is both timely and vital. It will support the adoption of management measures that minimize impacts and the environmental sustainability of the offshore wind energy sector.

As wave energy converters (WECs) are typically designed and optimized for ocean wave conditions, they struggle to perform in low-energy seas or bays, where wave conditions are very different. This work investigates the hypothesis that downscaled versions of WECs may well be more suited for such conditions. More specifically, fifteen downscaled WECs are considered for deployment in the Black Sea. The resizing (downscaling) of the WECs is based on Froude scaling law. Ten values are considered for the scaling factor (λL = 1.0, 0.9, 0.8 … 0.1), and the value that yields the highest capacity factor is selected for downscaling the WEC. The downscaled WEC is then compared with the original (full-scale) WEC in terms of performance (capacity factor, full-load hours, and rated capacity). This analysis is carried out for fifteen WECs and 62 locations at different water depths (5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 m), distributed on 13 lines perpendicular to the shoreline along the south-western coast of the Black Sea. The highest capacity factor was obtained by Oyster, whereas the highest energy output was achieved by SSG and WaveDragon for the locations with 4–16 m depths. For deeper waters (25, 50, 75, and 100 m), the highest capacity factor was obtained by Oceantec. In terms of energy output, the best performers were WaveDragon (at 25 m water depth) and Pontoon (at 50, 75, and 100 m water depths). The interest of this approach, however, lies not only in that it enables a scaling factor to be determined for downscaling a WEC for a given site, but also – and more generally – in that it proves the initial hypothesis that downscaled WECs may provide a better alternative for low-energy seas than their full-scale counterparts.

Currently, worldwide attention to clean energy and sustainable energy has been expedited because of its many environmental benefits. In fact, wind and solar energies play a prime role in decarbonizing the energy market. However, finding the most suitable locations for wind/solar power plants is difficult because of the non-homogeneous distribution of these sources. This paper presents a novel method for selecting the optimal locations for wind and solar farms by mapping the space of the decision criteria to the site score. In addition, the multiple linear regression model was used, with the help of the combination of GIS and AHP methods, to model the siting of wind and solar power plants. The site scoring method used in this study is reliable and globally evaluated; therefore, the scores are accurate and effective. To reveal the ability of the proposed method, two study areas were investigated and researched. The results achieved based on the introduced method showed that, in case study 1, areas with an area of about 9, 4 and 7 km2 are suitable for the construction of wind, solar and wind/solar power plants, respectively. This paper also used fourteen existing wind/solar, wind and solar farms from five continents around the world. The results showed that the suggested model acts the same as the real data. In addition to the interest these results hold for the development of renewable energy in the study area, this novel approach may be applied elsewhere to select optimum sites for wind, solar, and combined wind and solar farms.

The demand for tailored climate data by different users is growing worldwide together with the awareness of the challenges posed to society and the environment by climate change. The extreme weather events intensification, sea-level rise, and coastal erosion are urgent challenges to be addressed by European coastal cities. The overreaching scope of the H2020 SCORE (Smart Control of the Climate Resilience in European Coastal Cities) project is to develop a framework for the definition and uptake of integrated Ecosystem-Based Approaches (EBA) and smart digital tools by establishing a network of 10 coastal city' living labs' (CCLLs) to increase the climate resilience of European coastal cities. To achieve this, the first steps are focused on i) the identification and selection of reference datasets for the historical baseline characterization and the projections for the next decades, ii) the downscaling of climate projections in order to produce a dataset of environmental parameters with the suitable temporal and spatial resolution for the project CCLLs' application needs, and iii) the development of statistical tools for data analysis, modeling and testing to assess the occurrence of major coastal hazards and the future evolution trends of the coastline. For this purpose, open, free, and reliable climate data are needed.Based on some essential requirements, a procedure to select, from the main European climate services, fit-for-purpose climate and marine data of interest for SCORE users has been set up. Moreover, a step-by-step procedure on how to access and handle these data has been provided. One of the main issues encountered while exploring the vast range of different climate services and datasets available consists in the articulation of the users' needs. In particular, the best coverage in terms of variables of interest for modeling and Spatio-temporal resolution must be ensured, while guaranteeing a good users' experience in terms of easy accessibility and the provision of information on (meta)data quality, standards, and conventions. The fragmentation of marine data repositories during the previous decades, along with their limited historical temporal coverage are other main challenges encountered. In addition, notwithstanding the availability of datasets downscaled from global to regional models, the spatio-temporal resolution of most part of datasets requires undertaking some statistical or physical downscaling procedures for their use in local impact studies.We thus construct our analysis on those databases and services which are officially available through and/or supported by EU institutions like, e.g., the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and the Climate Data Store (CDS), the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) portal or the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) initiative. The various criteria defined to select the most appropriate climate services and related datasets for the SCORE activities will be presented as well as a few case studies as examples of possible climate information communication strategies, to help the end-user practically understand and tackle the challenges when interacting with the dataset-interface and in data handling procedures.

The complexity corresponding to the industrial projects and their management are concepts whose interest is increasing. The structural complexity derives directly from the main characteristics of c...

Ocean waves are a huge and largely untapped resource of green energy. In order to extract energy from waves, a novel wave energy converter (WEC) consisting of a floating, hollow cylinder capped by a roof with a variable aperture is presented in this paper. The power take-off (PTO) system is composed of a linear generator attached to the seabed, driven by the heave motion of the floating cylinder through a tether line. The air pressure within the cylinder can be modified by adjusting the roof aperture. The hydrodynamic characteristics of this WEC are investigated through an analytical model based on potential flow theory, in which the wave diffraction/radiation problems are coupled with the air pressure fluctuation and PTO system. Analytical expressions are derived for the maximum power absorbed by the WEC under different optimization principles, revolving around the PTO damping, roof aperture damping and non-negative mooring stiffness. We find that the best power absorption is obtained when the aperture is either completely open or entirely closed, depending on the wave conditions. Intermediate values of the aperture are useful to minimize the heave motion and thus ensure survivability under extreme sea states.

Integrating wave energy converters with marine structures such as breakwaters, piles, and offshore wind turbines offers benefits in terms of wave power extraction, construction costs, and survivability. In this paper, the integration of an oscillating water column(OWC) into a vertical tubular structure is considered. The OWC chamber is enclosed by the tubular-structure with its submerged side partially open to the sea. As ocean waves propagate through the device, an air turbine installed at the top of the chamber can be driven to extract wave power. An analytical model based on potential flow theory and the eigen-function matching method is developed to solve the wave scattering and radiation problems of the device in finite water depths. Wave excitation volume flux, hydrodynamic coefficients, optimal turbine damping and power capture factor are evaluated. Upon successful validation, the model is applied to investigate the effect of the radius and finite wall thickness of the tubular-structure, the size and position of the opening on wave power extraction. We find that a thinner chamber wall thickness offers benefits to wave power extraction in terms of a broader primary band of power capture factor response, and that a broader and higher capture factor band can be achieved by increasing the height of the vertical opening.

Development of third generation of Tidal Energy Converters (TECs) may boost the exploitation of the tidal stream energy resource in depth-limited regions. The hydrodynamic conditions of depth-limited tidal sites are highly influenced by changes in the bathymetric conditions, such as sedimentation and/or dredging operations, which are typical of these regions. Consequently, significant variations in terms of magnitude and predominant flow direction can be present during the operating life of tidal farms, which may compromise their viability. The objective of this work is to explore the potential effects caused by dredging operations on the performance of tidal farms and to propose initial threshold values for key variables (flow magnitude and direction, operating hours of TECs), to ensure the techno-economic viability of tidal farms. For this purpose, three potential tidal sites in a shallow water estuary (Ribadeo, NW Spain), were used as case study. Significant variations were found between the pre- and post-dredging scenarios in terms of energy production, with annual variations exceeding 38%, for the tidal sites present in the region. In sum, the present study highlights the importance of considering the potential bathymetric changes in the decision-making process, when planning the installation of tidal farms in depth-limited regions.

The mid- and long-term evolution of wind energy resources in North America is investigated by means of a multi-model ensemble selected from 18 global climate models. The most recent scenarios of greenhouse gases emissions and land use, the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), are considered – more specifically, the SSP5-8.5 (intensive emissions) and SSP2-4.5 (moderate emissions). In both scenarios, onshore wind power density in the US and Canada is predicted to drop. Under SSP5-8.5, the reduction is of the order of 15% overall, reaching as much as 40% in certain northern regions – Quebec and Nunavut in Canada and Alaska in the US. Conversely, significant increases in wind power density are predicted in Hudson Bay (up to 25%), Texas and northern Mexico (up to 15%), southern Mexico and Central America (up to 30%). As for the intra-annual variability, it is poised to rise drastically, with monthly average wind power densities increasing up to 120% in certain months and decreasing up to 60% in others. These changes in both the mean value and the intra-annual variability of wind power density are of consequence for the Levelised Cost of Energy from wind, the planning of future investments and, more generally, the contribution of wind to the energy mix.

Coastal urbanisation, energy extraction, food production, shipping and transportation have led to the global proliferation of artificial structures within the coastal and marine environments (sensu “ocean sprawl”), with subsequent loss of natural habitats and biodiversity. To mitigate and compensate impacts of ocean sprawl, the practice of eco-engineering of artificial structures has been developed over the past decade. Eco-engineering aims to create sustainable ecosystems that integrate human society with the natural environment for the benefit of both. The science of eco-engineering has grown markedly, yet synthesis of research into a user-friendly and practitioner-focused format is lacking. Feedback from stakeholders has repeatedly stated that a “photo user guide” or “manual” covering the range of eco-engineering options available for artificial structures would be beneficial. However, a detailed and structured “user guide” for eco-engineering in coastal and marine environments is not yet possible; therefore we present an accessible review and catalogue of trialled eco-engineering options and a summary of guidance for a range of different structures tailored for stakeholders and end-users as the first step towards a structured manual. This work can thus serve as a potential template for future eco-engineering guides. Here we provide suggestions for potential eco-engineering designs to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services of coastal artificial structures with the following structures covered: (1) rock revetment, breakwaters and groynes composed of armour stones or concrete units; (2) vertical and sloping seawalls; (3) over-water structures (i.e., piers) and associated support structures; and (4) tidal river walls.

Hydrokinetic energy has been mainly studied in areas where the principal driver of the current is the tide. However, in certain areas river discharges play also a principal role. The exploitation of the hydrokinetic resource in such areas has its own peculiarities, dictated by the combined influence of the two driving agents. The objective of this paper is to investigate the exploitation of hydrokinetic energy in the Miño Estuary, the largest estuary in NW Spain and N Portugal, with a focus on the site-specific performance of hydrokinetic energy converters (HECs) and its intra-annual variability. A state-of-the-art hydrodynamics numerical model is implemented and successfully validated based on field data. A third-generation HEC—to be more specific, the new Smart Freestream Turbine (SFT)—is considered, and its performance at the location with the greatest potential is assessed by means of: (i) site-specific efficiency, (ii) availability factor, and (iii) capacity factor. We find that, whereas the site-specific efficiency does not vary significantly, the availability and capacity factors do experience substantial intra-annual (seasonal) variability. In summer and autumn, river discharges are low, and the tide dominates the hydrokinetic resource. In contrast, during winter and spring, the river discharges significantly contribute to the resource, leading to a considerable increase in the availability and capacity factors. More generally, the results imply that in areas subject to combined fluvial and tidal influences the performance of HECs may depart significantly from that in tide-dominated areas, and this departure must be carefully weighed in assessing a project.

In this work, a novel approach based on artificial intelligence (AI) to assess the efficiency of wave energy converter (WEC) farms in coastal protection isdeveloped. We consider as a case study a beach subjected to severe erosion: Playa Granada (S Spain). More specifically, we analyse the changes in the dry beach area (quantified through the Pelnard-Considere equation) with and without wave farm protection by means of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The model is selected after a thorough comparative study involving forty ANN architectures, with one and two hidden layers, and two training algorithms (Levenberg-Marquadt and Bayesian regression). The best results are obtained with a [5-10-1] architecture trained with the Bayesian regression algorithm. Once validated, this ANN model is applied to optimize the design and position of the wave farm. The results confirm that ANN models are a useful design tool for hybrid wave farms.

Resumen En este texto presentamos un trabajo de investigación realizado con jóvenes universitarios de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (México), con el objetivo de conocer sus formas de sociabilidad. Preguntar por las formas de sociabilidad nos permite comprender los espacios, actividades y dinámicas desplegados por las/los jóvenes y el valor que dichas relaciones cobran en un contexto de desafiliación acelerada. Así, recuperamos el papel que juega la sociabilidad en términos de las posibilidades de relación y vínculo entre las juventudes y como espacio de encuentro y creación de sentidos.

Climate change is poised to exacerbate coastal erosion. Recent research has presented a novel strategy to tackle this issue: dual wave farms, i.e., arrays of wave energy converters with the dual function of carbon-free energy generation and coastal erosion mitigation. However, the implications of sea level rise – another consequence of climate change – for the effectiveness of wave farms as coastal defence elements against shoreline erosion have not been studied so far. The objective of this work is to investigate how the coastal defence performance of a dual wave farm is affected by sea level rise through a case study (Playa Granada, southern Iberian Peninsula). To this end, a spectral wave propagation model, a longshore sediment transport formulation and a one-line model are combined to obtain the final subaerial beach areas for three sea level rise scenarios: the present situation, an optimistic and a pessimistic projection. These scenarios were modelled with and without the wave farm to assess its effects. We find that the dual wave farm reduces erosion and promotes accretion regardless of the sea level rise scenario considered. In the case of westerly storms, the dual wave farm is particularly effective: erosion is transformed into accretion. In general, and importantly, sea level rise strengthens the effectiveness of the dual wave farm as a coastal protection mechanism. This fact enhances the competitiveness of wave farms as coastal defence elements.

Wave farm planning in a coastal region should lead to the selection of: i) the type of technology of wave energy converter (WEC) providing the highest performance at specific sites and ii) the sites for wave farm operation allowing an integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). On these bases, the deployment of a wave farm should be based on an accurate analysis of the performance of different WECs at coastal locations where wave energy exploitation does not interfere with other coastal uses, and the environmental impact is minimised (or positive, e.g. allowing coastal protection). With this in view, in this piece of research the intra-annual performance of various WECs of the same type (buoy-type) is computed at different locations in NW Spain allowing an ICZM perspective. For this purpose, the intra-annual version of WEDGE-p® (Wave Energy Diagram Generator – performance) tool is implemented. The results show that, as opposed to previous analysis on WECs with different principle of operation, the level of performance of buoy-type WECs at specific locations may present strong similarities. In this case, an accurate computation of different performance parameters along with their joint analysis emerge as a prerequisite for an informed decision-making.

In this paper, a semi-analytical model for solving wave radiation from a truncated cylinder of arbitrary cross section is presented based on linear potential flow theory. The water domain is divided into the interior domain beneath the cylinder and the exterior domain outside the vertical cylinder column. Radiated spatial potentials in these subdomains are expressed as a series expansion of eigen-functions using the method of separation of variables. The continuity conditions for pressure and velocity are satisfied at the interface of the two domains, where the Fourier series expansion method is employed to deal with the radius function associated terms. Therefore, the unknown coefficients in the radiated potential expressions are determined by means of the eigen-function matching method. Hydrodynamic coefficients of the truncated cylinder are evaluated directly based on the radiated spatial potentials. Case studies on wave radiation from a truncated cylinder with “cosine” and “circular” cross sections show a good agreement between the semi-analytical results of added-mass/radiation damping and numerical ones/published data. The validated semi-analytical model is then adopted to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of truncated cylinders with “circular”, “cosine”, “elliptical” and “quasi-elliptical” sections. For the latter case, the influence of draft on wave radiation is also investigated.

Wind energy resources will be impacted by climate change. A novel hybrid ensemble technique is presented to improve long-term wind speed projections using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from global climate models. The technique constructs an optimized system, which relies on a Genetic Algorithm and an Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization technique. Next, the performance of the proposed method over a target area (United Kingdom) is evaluated between 1950 and 2014. Finally, to avoid single-valued deterministic projections and mitigate the uncertainties, the improved wind speed data series are investigated considering different climate-change scenarios - the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) - for the period 2015-2050. The performance of different CMIP6 models is found to differ over time and space. In the target area the data derived from the Hybrid model confirm that extreme wind events will occur more frequently. The monthly mean wind speed is expected to increase from 3.41 m/s during 1950-2014 to 3.60, 3.63, 3.48, 3.59 and 3.61 m/s during the study period in the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-6.0 and SSP5-8.5 climate-change scenarios, respectively. More generally, the results prove that the Hybrid model is highly effective in improving the accuracy, direction and geographical patterns of the data, and this novel method can narrow the potential uncertainties of numerical simulations.

Climate change can bring about destructive effects (e.g., rising temperatures, heavy rains and droughts) to countries worldwide, severely influencing future growth and degrading the quality of life. Asia, which is home to the majority of the world's population, is particularly vulnerable to these impacts. Asian countries are responsible for more than half of the global CO2 output and renewable energy production is limited. Unabated climate change may endanger previous economic developments and place the region's future at serious risk. Therefore, there is a clear need to increase the share of renewable energy via various sources. Importantly, the continent has extensive coastlines, with abundant wave energy in many areas. The main objectives of this study are to review the current status of wave energy in Asia and to provide an overview of the areas that may be considered for future development. For this purpose, Asia is divided into four regions: East, Southeast, South and West. Active wave energy projects are highlighted, and the wave energy potential is discussed country by country based on the data available in the literature, including suggested sites for development.

A detailed study is undertaken of the computational modelling of a sub-platform for floating offshore wind using the software Star-CCM+ with the application of the RANS approach. First, a mathematical introduction to the governing equations is carried out. Then, the computational grid is defined, and the grid-independence of the solution is verified. A time-dependent study is performed with the selected time-step. Finally, two examples of 3D decay tests in heave of the sub-platform without and with moorings are presented, accompanied by a damping factor study, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the hydrodynamic damping of the platform. Throughout the process, three degrees of freedom (DoFs) are locked due to the limitations imposed by the use of a symmetry plane; this implementation allowed us to reduce the computational cost of each simulation by 50%. Therefore, three DoFs (heave, surge and pitch) are considered. The coupling study, adding a mooring system in the decay tests and the regular wave tests, shows good agreement between the experimental and computational results. The first half-period of the simulations presents a greater discrepancy due to the fact that the damping of the platform is lower in the computational simulation. However, this does not imply that the hydrodynamic damping is underestimated but may be directly related to the lock of various DoFs associated with the hydrodynamic damping. The current investigation was developed under the framework of the European Regional Development Fund through the “Interreg Atlantic Area Programme” under contract EAPA 344/2016, providing experimental inputs to complete this study.

Climate change induced sea level rise (SLR) is likely to impact estuarine hydrodynamics and associated processes, including tidal energy. In this study, a hierarchy of factors influencing the future of estuarine tidal energy resources is proposed based on their relevance to SLR. These include primary factors (e.g., tidal prism, tidal range, tidal current, tidal asymmetry), secondary factors (e.g., sediment transport), and tertiary factors (e.g., shifts in estuarine shape/landform). The existing uncertainty regarding SLR impacts on tidal energy resource is high, given the spatial variability of estuaries. SLR may cause tidal ranges or currents to strengthen or weaken, depending on estuarine shape and boundary conditions (e.g., presence or absence of levees and adjacent low-lying areas). To date, local site studies have not resulted in an overarching assessment of SLR effects on tidal energy resources and comparative studies encompassing different regions and estuary types are recommended in order to address the existing knowledge gaps and provide insights for policymakers and stakeholders. SLR implications to estuarine tidal energy resources may be particularly important as SLR-induced changes can alter the available resource within a renewable energy development's operational lifetime (-20-30 years for tidal stream devices and-120 years for tidal barrages). In this regard, broader environmental impacts, as well as technoeconomic assessments, are difficult to predict and long-term management decisions associated with harnessing the potential of tidal energy schemes within estuaries should be made with caution.

Oscillating water column (OWC) devices and oscillating buoys (OBs) are two of the main types of wave energy converters (WECs). In this paper a hybrid oscillating water column-oscillating buoy wave energy converter is proposed, which we have named OWCOB. The oscillating buoy is hinged at the outer wall of the oscillating water column. As waves propagate through the OWCOB, the water column within the OWC chamber moves up and down, producing air flow to propel a turbine. Meanwhile, the oscillation of the OB drives a separate hydraulic system. To solve the wave diffraction and radiation problems of the OWCOB and investigate its energy capture performance, an analytical model is developed based on linear potential flow theory and the eigenfunction matching method. Assuming that the PTOs of the OWC and OB are both linear, the wave power extraction of the OWCOB is evaluated in the frequency domain. Of the two configurations considered, the OWCOB with the OWC opening waveward and the OB hinged leeward is found to have a broader primary frequency band of wave power capture compared to the OWCOB with the OWC opening and the OB on the same side. Further, a thorough sensitivity analysis of power capture is carried out considering the main design parameters (size and submergence of the OWC opening, distance between the OWC and the OB, OB hinge elevation, OB radius), which can form the basis of an optimization study for a particular wave climate. Importantly, we find that the OWCOB performs generally better than stand-alone OWCs and OBs, not least in terms of frequency bandwidth.

A theoretical model based on linear potential flow theory and an eigenfunction matching method is developed to analyse the hydroelastic interaction between water waves and multiple circular floating porous elastic plates. The water domain is divided into the interior and exterior regions, representing the domain beneath each plate and the rest, which extends towards infinity horizontally, respectively. Spatial potentials in these two regions can be expressed as a series expansion of eigenfunctions. Three different types of edge conditions are considered. The unknown coefficients in the potential expressions can be determined by satisfying the continuity conditions for pressure and velocity at the interface of the two regions, together with the requirements for the motion/force at the edge of the plates. Apart from the straightforward method to evaluate the exact power dissipated by the array of porous elastic plates, an indirect method based on Green's theorem is determined. The indirect method expresses the wave-power dissipation in terms of Kochin functions. It is found that wave-power dissipation of an array of circular porous elastic plates can be enhanced by the constructive hydrodynamic interaction between the plates, and there is a profound potential of porous elastic plates for wave-power extraction. The results can be applied to a range of floating structures but have special application in modelling energy loss in flexible ice floes and wave-power extraction by flexible plate wave-energy converters.

To mitigate the effects of wind variability on power output, hybrid systems that combine offshore wind with other renewables are a promising option. In this work we explore the potential of combining offshore wind and solar power through a case study in Asturias (Spain)&mdash, a region where floating solutions are the only option for marine renewables due to the lack of shallow water areas, which renders bottom-fixed wind turbines inviable. Offshore wind and solar power resources and production are assessed based on high-resolution data and the technical specifications of commercial wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) panels. Relative to a typical offshore wind farm, a combined offshore wind&ndash, solar farm is found to increase the capacity and the energy production per unit surface area by factors of ten and seven, respectively. In this manner, the utilization of the marine space is optimized. Moreover, the power output is significantly smoother. To quantify this benefit, a novel Power Smoothing (PS) index is introduced in this work. The PS index achieved by combining floating offshore wind and solar PV is found to be of up to 63%. Beyond the interest of hybrid systems in the case study, the advantages of combining floating wind and solar PV are extensible to other regions where marine renewable energies are being considered.