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3,839 results on '"Greig P"'

1. Breaking the Digital Gap to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in Primary Care

Author

Karla González-Suitt, Klaus Püschel, Gabriel Escalona, Julián Varas, Javiera Sateler, Hernán Aravena, Douglas Greig, Andrea Rioseco, and Beti Thompson

Abstract

Objective: The goal of this study was to report on the development and early usability of a new interactive mHealth app for reducing cardiovascular risk in primary care patients of low socioeconomic status attending clinics in Chile. Design: Mixed-methods design with qualitative and quantitative components. Setting: Three Chilean primary care clinics located in one urban (Santiago) and two rural areas (San Clemente and Chiguayante). Each clinic serves a population of about 24,000 people of generally low socioeconomic status with an average of 8.5 years of education. Methods: A qualitative co-design participatory framework was used to develop the "Mi Salud-APS" mHealth app. Three iterations of virtual workshops were held with healthcare providers and patient participants to develop the new app. Once developed, the usability phase identified, invited and followed up for 3 months a sample of primary care patients with moderate (N = 119) or high (N = 329) cardiovascular risk. Results: A total of 24 healthcare providers and 24 patients participated in the developmental workshops. Three emergent categories represented the core attributes for the mHealth app design: 'Friendly', 'Interactive' and 'Pertinent'. In the usability phase of the sample of 448 patients, 98% downloaded the app, and 64.6% of them logged in and used it for an average of 1.46 (0.5-10) times weekly. Conclusion: Findings suggest that patient and healthcare provider contributions to the development of the mHealth app accurately reflect the interests and experiences of both groups and together helped achieve the high usability levels observed among primary care patients enrolled in clinics in underserved communities.

Published
2024
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2. BEAM: A combinatorial recombinase toolbox for binary gene expression and mosaic genetic analysis.

Author

Greig, Luciano, Woodworth, Mollie, Poulopoulos, Alexandros, Lim, Stephanie, and Macklis, Jeffrey

Subjects
CP: Cell biology, Cre, Flp, genetic analysis, mosaicism, recombinase, Animals, Recombinases, Mosaicism, Luminescent Proteins, Mice, Gene Expression, Red Fluorescent Protein, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Humans
Abstract

We describe a binary expression aleatory mosaic (BEAM) system, which relies on DNA delivery by transfection or viral transduction along with nested recombinase activity to generate two genetically distinct, non-overlapping populations of cells for comparative analysis. Control cells labeled with red fluorescent protein (RFP) can be directly compared with experimental cells manipulated by genetic gain or loss of function and labeled with GFP. Importantly, BEAM incorporates recombinase-dependent signal amplification and delayed reporter expression to enable sharper delineation of control and experimental cells and to improve reliability relative to existing methods. We applied BEAM to a variety of known phenotypes to illustrate its advantages for identifying temporally or spatially aberrant phenotypes, for revealing changes in cell proliferation or death, and for controlling for procedural variability. In addition, we used BEAM to test the cortical protomap hypothesis at the individual radial unit level, revealing that area identity is cell autonomously specified in adjacent radial units.

Published
2024

3. Brain‐age prediction: Systematic evaluation of site effects, and sample age range and size

Author

Yu, Yuetong, Cui, Hao‐Qi, Haas, Shalaila S, New, Faye, Sanford, Nicole, Yu, Kevin, Zhan, Denghuang, Yang, Guoyuan, Gao, Jia‐Hong, Wei, Dongtao, Qiu, Jiang, Banaj, Nerisa, Boomsma, Dorret I, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Buckner, Randy L, Buitelaar, Jan K, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia J, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A, Dannlowski, Udo, Davey, Christopher G, de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Fisch, Lukas, Fisher, Simon E, Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Hahn, Tim, Harrison, Ben J, Hatton, Sean, Hickie, Ian B, Pol, Hilleke E Hulshoff, Jamieson, Alec J, Jernigan, Terry L, Jiang, Jiyang, Kalnin, Andrew J, Kang, Sim, Kochan, Nicole A, Kraus, Anna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, McDonald, Brenna C, McDonald, Colm, McMahon, Katie L, Mwangi, Benson, Piras, Fabrizio, Rodriguez‐Cruces, Raul, Royer, Jessica, Sachdev, Perminder S, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Saykin, Andrew J, Schumann, Gunter, Sevaggi, Pierluigi, Smoller, Jordan W, Soares, Jair C, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Tamnes, Christian K, Trollor, Julian N, Ent, Dennis Van't, Vecchio, Daniela, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, Wierenga, Lara M, Williams, Steven CR, Wu, Mon‐Ju, Zunta‐Soares, Giovana B, Bernhardt, Boris, Thompson, Paul, Frangou, Sophia, Ge, Ruiyang, and Group, ENIGMA‐Lifespan Working

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Aging, Mental health, Neurological, Humans, Adolescent, Female, Aged, Adult, Child, Young Adult, Male, Brain, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Preschool, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, Sample Size, benchmarking, brain aging, brainAGE, ENIGMA‐Lifespan Working Group, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biological psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract

Structural neuroimaging data have been used to compute an estimate of the biological age of the brain (brain-age) which has been associated with other biologically and behaviorally meaningful measures of brain development and aging. The ongoing research interest in brain-age has highlighted the need for robust and publicly available brain-age models pre-trained on data from large samples of healthy individuals. To address this need we have previously released a developmental brain-age model. Here we expand this work to develop, empirically validate, and disseminate a pre-trained brain-age model to cover most of the human lifespan. To achieve this, we selected the best-performing model after systematically examining the impact of seven site harmonization strategies, age range, and sample size on brain-age prediction in a discovery sample of brain morphometric measures from 35,683 healthy individuals (age range: 5-90 years; 53.59% female). The pre-trained models were tested for cross-dataset generalizability in an independent sample comprising 2101 healthy individuals (age range: 8-80 years; 55.35% female) and for longitudinal consistency in a further sample comprising 377 healthy individuals (age range: 9-25 years; 49.87% female). This empirical examination yielded the following findings: (1) the accuracy of age prediction from morphometry data was higher when no site harmonization was applied; (2) dividing the discovery sample into two age-bins (5-40 and 40-90 years) provided a better balance between model accuracy and explained age variance than other alternatives; (3) model accuracy for brain-age prediction plateaued at a sample size exceeding 1600 participants. These findings have been incorporated into CentileBrain (https://centilebrain.org/#/brainAGE2), an open-science, web-based platform for individualized neuroimaging metrics.

Published
2024

4. Damping Wing-Like Features in the Stacked Ly$\alpha$ Forest: Potential Neutral Hydrogen Islands at $z<6$

Author

Zhu, Yongda, Becker, George D., Bosman, Sarah E. I., Cain, Christopher, Keating, Laura C., Nasir, Fahad, D'Odorico, Valentina, Bañados, Eduardo, Bian, Fuyan, Bischetti, Manuela, Bolton, James S., Chen, Huanqing, D'Aloisio, Anson, Davies, Frederick B., Davies, Rebecca L., Eilers, Anna-Christina, Fan, Xiaohui, Gaikwad, Prakash, Greig, Bradley, Haehnelt, Martin G., Kulkarni, Girish, Lai, Samuel, Puchwein, Ewald, Qin, Yuxiang, Ryan-Weber, Emma V., Satyavolu, Sindhu, Spina, Benedetta, Walter, Fabian, Wang, Feige, Wolfson, Molly, and Yang, Jinyi

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Recent quasar absorption line observations suggest that reionization may end as late as $z \approx 5.3$. As a means to search for large neutral hydrogen islands at $z<6$, we revisit long dark gaps in the Ly$\beta$ forest in VLT/X-Shooter and Keck/ESI quasar spectra. We stack the Ly$\alpha$ forest corresponding to both edges of these Ly$\beta$ dark gaps and identify a damping wing-like extended absorption profile. The average redshift of the stacked forest is $z=5.8$. By comparing these observations with reionization simulations, we infer that such a damping wing-like feature can be naturally explained if these gaps are at least partially created by neutral islands. Conversely, simulated dark gaps lacking neutral hydrogen struggle to replicate the observed damping wing features. Furthermore, this damping wing-like profile implies that the volume-averaged neutral hydrogen fraction must be $\langle x_{\rm HI} \rangle \geq 6.1 \pm 3.9\%$ at $z = 5.8$. Our results offer robust evidence that reionization extends below $z=6$., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters

Published
2024
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5. IGM damping wing constraints on the tail end of reionisation from the enlarged XQR-30 sample

Author

Greig, Bradley, Mesinger, Andrei, Bañados, Eduardo, Becker, George D., Bosman, Sarah E. I., Chen, Huanqing, Davies, Frederick B., D'Odorico, Valentina, Eilers, Anna-Christina, Gallerani, Simona, Haehnelt, Martin G., Keating, Laura, Lai, Samuel, Qin, Yuxiang, Ryan-Weber, Emma, Satyavolu, Sindhu, Wang, Feige, Yang, Jinyi, and Zhu, Yongda

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The attenuation of Ly$\alpha$ photons by neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) at $z\gtrsim5$ continues to be a powerful probe for studying the epoch of reionisation. Given a framework to estimate the intrinsic (true) Ly$\alpha$ emission of high-$z$ sources, one can infer the ionisation state of the IGM during reionisation. In this work, we use the enlarged XQR-30 sample of 42 high-resolution and high-SNR QSO spectra between $5.8\lesssim\,z\lesssim\,6.6$ obtained with VLT/X-Shooter to place constraints on the IGM neutral fraction. This is achieved using our existing Bayesian QSO reconstruction framework which accounts for uncertainties such as the: (i) posterior distribution of predicted intrinsic Ly$\alpha$ emission profiles (obtained via covariance matrix reconstruction of the Ly$\alpha$ and N V emission lines from unattenuated high-ionisation emission line profiles; C IV, Si IV + O IV] and C III]) and (ii) distribution of ionised regions within the IGM using synthetic damping wing profiles drawn from a $1.6^3$ Gpc$^3$ reionisation simulation. Following careful quality control, we used 23 of the 42 available QSOs to obtain constraints/limits on the IGM neutral fraction during the tail-end of reionisation. Our median and 68th percentile constraints on the IGM neutral fraction are: $0.20\substack{+0.14\\-0.12}$ and $0.29\substack{+0.14\\-0.13}$ at $z = 6.15$~and 6.35. Further, we also report 68th percentile upper-limits of $\bar{x}_{\mathrm{H\,{\scriptscriptstyle I}}} < 0.21$, 0.20, 0.21 and 0.18 at $z = 5.8, 5.95, 6.05$~and 6.55. These results imply reionisation is still ongoing at $5.8\lesssim\,z\lesssim\,6.55$, consistent with previous results from XQR-30 (dark fraction and Ly$\alpha$ forest) along with other observational probes considered in the literature., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2024

6. Verifying the Australian MWA EoR pipeline I: 21-cm sky model and correlated measurement density

Author

Line, J. L. B., Trott, C. M., Cook, J. H., Greig, B., Barry, N., and Jordan, C. H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the first of two papers dedicated to verifying the Australian Epoch of Reionisation pipeline (AusEoRPipe) through simulation. The AusEoRPipe aims to disentangle 21-cm radiation emitted by gas surrounding the very first stars from contaminating foreground astrophysical sources, and has been in development for close to a decade. In this paper, we build an accurate 21-cm sky model that can be used by the WODEN simulation software to create visibilities containing a predictable 21-cm signal. We verify that the power spectrum estimator CHIPS can recover this signal in the absence of foregrounds. We also investigate how measurements in Fourier-space are correlated, and how their gridded density affects the power spectrum. We measure and fit for this effect using Gaussian-noise simulations of the MWA phase I layout. We find a gridding density correction factor of 2.651 appropriate for integrations equal to or greater than 30 minutes of data, which contain observations with multiple primary beam pointings and LSTs. Paper II of this series will use the results of this paper to test the AusEoRPipe in the presence of foregrounds and instrumental effects., Comment: 13 pages, 11 Figures, 1 table, accepted in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA)

Published
2024

7. Blind QSO reconstruction challenge: Exploring methods to reconstruct the Ly$\alpha$ emission line of QSOs

Author

Greig, Bradley, Bosman, Sarah E. I., Davies, Frederick B., Ďurovčíková, Dominika, Fathivavsari, Hassan, Liu, Bin, Meyer, Romain A., Sun, Zechang, D'Odorico, Valentina, Gallerani, Simona, Mesinger, Andrei, and Ting, Yuan-Sen

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Reconstructing the intrinsic Ly$\alpha$ line flux from high-$z$ QSOs can place constraints on the neutral hydrogen content of the intergalactic medium during reionisation. There are now $\gtrsim10$ different Ly$\alpha$ reconstruction pipelines using different methodologies to predict the Ly$\alpha$ line flux from correlations with the spectral information redward of Ly$\alpha$. However, there have been few attempts to directly compare the performance of these pipelines. Therefore, we devised a blind QSO challenge to compare these reconstruction pipelines on a uniform set of objects. Each author was provided de-identified, observed rest-frame QSO spectra with spectral information only redward of 1260\AA\ rest-frame to ensure unbiased reconstruction. We constructed two samples of 30 QSOs, from X-Shooter and SDSS both spanning $3.5

Published
2024

8. Design Insights for Industrial CO2 Capture, Transport, and Storage Systems

Author

Gunawan, Tubagus Aryandi, Gittoes, Lilianna, Isaac, Cecelia, Greig, Chris, and Larson, Eric

Subjects
Economics - General Economics
Abstract

We present design methods and insights for CO2 capture, transport, and storage systems for clusters of industrial facilities, with a case-study focus on the state of Louisiana. Our analytical framework includes: (1) evaluating the scale and concentration of capturable CO2 emissions at individual facilities for the purpose of estimating the cost of CO2 capture retrofits, (2) a screening method to identify potential CO2 storage sites and estimate their storage capacities, injectivities, and costs; and (3) an approach for cost-minimized design of pipeline infrastructure connecting CO2 capture plants with storage sites that considers land use patterns, existing rights-of-way, demographics, and a variety of social and environmental justice factors. In applying our framework to Louisiana, we estimate up to 50 million tCO2/y of industrial emissions (out of today's total emissions of 130 MtCO2/y) can be captured at under 100 USD/tCO2, and up to 100 MtCO2/y at under 120 USD/tCO2. We identified 98 potential storage sites with estimated aggregate total injectivity between 330 and 730 MtCO2/yr and storage costs ranging from 8 to 17 USD/tCO2. We find dramatic reductions in the aggregate pipeline length and CO2 transport cost per tonne when groups of capture plants share pipeline infrastructure rather than build dedicated single-user pipelines. Smaller facilities (emitting less than 1 MtCO2/y), which account for a quarter of Louisiana's industrial emissions, see the largest transport cost benefits from sharing of infrastructure. Pipeline routes designed to avoid disadvantaged communities (social and environmental justice) so as not to reinforce historical practices of disenfranchisement involve only modestly higher pipeline lengths and costs.

Published
2024

9. Exploring the role of the halo mass function for inferring astrophysical parameters during reionisation

Author

Greig, Bradley, Prelogović, David, Mirocha, Jordan, Qin, Yuxiang, Ting, Yuan-Sen, and Mesinger, Andrei

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The detection of the 21-cm signal at $z\gtrsim6$ will reveal insights into the properties of the first galaxies responsible for driving reionisation. To extract this information, we perform parameter inference which requires embedding 3D simulations of the 21-cm signal within a Bayesian inference pipeline. Presently, when performing inference we must choose which sources of uncertainty to sample and which to hold fixed. Since the astrophysics of galaxies are much more uncertain than those of the underlying halo-mass function (HMF), we usually parameterise and model the former while fixing the latter. However, in doing so we may bias our inference of the properties of these first galaxies. In this work, we explore the consequences of assuming an incorrect choice of HMF and quantify the relative biases in our inferred astrophysical model parameters when considering the wrong HMF. We then relax this assumption by constructing a generalised five parameter model for the HMF and simultaneously recover these parameters along with our underlying astrophysical model. For this analysis, we use 21cmFAST and perform Simulation-Based Inference by applying marginal neural ratio estimation to learn the likelihood-to-evidence ratio using Swyft. Using a mock 1000 hour observation of the 21-cm power spectrum from the forthcoming Square Kilometre Array, conservatively assuming foreground wedge avoidance, we find assuming the incorrect HMF can bias the recovered astrophysical parameters by up to $\sim3-4\sigma$ even when including independent information from observed luminosity functions. When considering our generalised HMF model, we recover constraints on our astrophysical parameters with a factor of $\sim2-4$ larger marginalised uncertainties. Importantly, these constraints are unbiased, agnostic to the underlying HMF and therefore more conservative., Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables and 3 appendices. Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome

Published
2024

10. Inferring astrophysical parameters using the 2D cylindrical power spectrum from reionisation

Author

Greig, Bradley, Prelogović, David, Qin, Yuxiang, Ting, Yuan-Sen, and Mesinger, Andrei

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Enlightening our understanding of the first galaxies responsible for driving reionisation requires detecting the 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen. Interpreting the wealth of information embedded in this signal requires Bayesian inference. Parameter inference from the 21-cm signal is primarily restricted to the spherically averaged power spectrum (1D PS) owing to its relatively straightforward derivation of an analytic likelihood function enabling traditional Monte-Carlo Markov-Chain (MCMC) approaches. However, in recent years, simulation-based inference (SBI) has become feasible which removes the necessity of having an analytic likelihood, enabling more complex summary statistics of the 21-cm signal to be used for Bayesian inference. In this work, we use SBI, specifically marginal neural ratio estimation to learn the likelihood-to-evidence ratio with Swyft, to explore parameter inference using the cylindrically averaged 2D PS. Since the 21-cm signal is anisotropic, the 2D PS should yield more constraining information compared to the 1D PS which isotropically averages the signal. For this, we consider a mock 1000 hr observation of the 21-cm signal using the SKA and compare the performance of the 2D PS relative to the 1D PS. Additionally, we explore two separate foreground mitigation strategies, perfect foreground removal and wedge avoidance. We find the 2D PS outperforms the 1D PS by improving the marginalised uncertainties on individual astrophysical parameters by up to $\sim30-40$ per cent irrespective of the foreground mitigation strategy. Primarily, these improvements stem from how the 2D PS distinguishes between the transverse, $k_{\perp}$, and redshift dependent, $k_{\parallel}$ information which enables greater sensitivity to the complex reionisation morphology., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures and 1 table. Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome

Published
2024

11. Genomic analysis of intracranial and subcortical brain volumes yields polygenic scores accounting for variation across ancestries

Author

García-Marín, Luis M., Campos, Adrian I., Diaz-Torres, Santiago, Rabinowitz, Jill A., Ceja, Zuriel, Mitchell, Brittany L., Grasby, Katrina L., Thorp, Jackson G., Agartz, Ingrid, Alhusaini, Saud, Ames, David, Amouyel, Philippe, Andreassen, Ole A., Arfanakis, Konstantinos, Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro, Armstrong, Nicola J., Athanasiu, Lavinia, Bastin, Mark E., Beiser, Alexa S., Bennett, David A., Bis, Joshua C., Boks, Marco P. M., Boomsma, Dorret I., Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Burkhardt, Ralph, Cahn, Wiepke, Calhoun, Vince D., Carmichael, Owen T., Chakravarty, Mallar, Chen, Qiang, Ching, Christopher R. K., Cichon, Sven, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Dale, Anders M., Smith, George Davey, de Geus, Eco J. C., De Jager, Philip L., de Zubicaray, Greig I., Debette, Stéphanie, DeCarli, Charles, Depondt, Chantal, Desrivières, Sylvane, Djurovic, Srdjan, Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fernández, Guillén, Filippi, Irina, Fisher, Simon E., Fleischman, Debra A., Fletcher, Evan, Fornage, Myriam, Forstner, Andreas J., Francks, Clyde, Franke, Barbara, Ge, Tian, Goldman, Aaron L., Grabe, Hans J., Green, Robert C., Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A., Gruber, Oliver, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Håberg, Asta K., Haukvik, Unn K., Heinz, Andreas, Hibar, Derrek P., Hilal, Saima, Himali, Jayandra J., Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoehn, David F., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hofer, Edith, Hoffmann, Wolfgang, Holmes, Avram J., Homuth, Georg, Hosten, Norbert, Ikram, M. Kamran, Ipser, Jonathan C., Jack Jr, Clifford R., Jahanshad, Neda, Jönsson, Erik G., Kahn, Rene S., Kanai, Ryota, Klein, Marieke, Knol, Maria J., Launer, Lenore J., Lawrie, Stephen M., Hellard, Stephanie Le, Lee, Phil H., Lemaître, Hervé, Li, Shuo, Liewald, David C. M., Lin, Honghuang, Longstreth, Jr, W. T., Lopez, Oscar L., Luciano, Michelle, Maillard, Pauline, Marquand, Andre F., Martin, Nicholas G., Martinot, Jean-Luc, Mather, Karen A., Mattay, Venkata S., McMahon, Katie L., Mecocci, Patrizia, Melle, Ingrid, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Mirza-Schreiber, Nazanin, Milaneschi, Yuri, Mosley, Thomas H., Mühleisen, Thomas W., Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Maniega, Susana Muñoz, Nauck, Matthias, Nho, Kwangsik, Niessen, Wiro J., Nöthen, Markus M., Nyquist, Paul A., Oosterlaan, Jaap, Pandolfo, Massimo, Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Pike, G. Bruce, Psaty, Bruce M., Pütz, Benno, Reppermund, Simone, Rietschel, Marcella D., Risacher, Shannon L., Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina, Romero-Garcia, Rafael, Roshchupkin, Gennady V., Rotter, Jerome I., Sachdev, Perminder S., Sämann, Philipp G., Saremi, Arvin, Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan, Saykin, Andrew J., Schmaal, Lianne, Schmidt, Helena, Schmidt, Reinhold, Schofield, Peter R., Scholz, Markus, Schumann, Gunter, Schwarz, Emanuel, Shen, Li, Shin, Jean, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Smith, Albert V., Smoller, Jordan W., Soininen, Hilkka S., Steen, Vidar M., Stein, Dan J., Stein, Jason L., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Toga, Arthur W., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Trollor, Julian N., Valdes-Hernandez, Maria C., van ′t Ent, Dennis, van Bokhoven, Hans, van der Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J. A., Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Veltman, Dick J., Vernooij, Meike W., Villringer, Arno, Vinke, Louis N., Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wardlaw, Joanna M., Weinberger, Daniel R., Weiner, Michael W., Wen, Wei, Westlye, Lars T., Westman, Eric, White, Tonya, Witte, A. Veronica, Wolf, Christiane, Yang, Jingyun, Zwiers, Marcel P., Ikram, M. Arfan, Seshadri, Sudha, Thompson, Paul M., Satizabal, Claudia L., Medland, Sarah E., and Rentería, Miguel E.

Published
2024
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17. What we mean when we say semantic: Toward a multidisciplinary semantic glossary

Author

Reilly, Jamie, Shain, Cory, Borghesani, Valentina, Kuhnke, Philipp, Vigliocco, Gabriella, Peelle, Jonathan E., Mahon, Bradford Z., Buxbaum, Laurel J., Majid, Asifa, Brysbaert, Marc, Borghi, Anna M., De Deyne, Simon, Dove, Guy, Papeo, Liuba, Pexman, Penny M., Poeppel, David, Lupyan, Gary, Boggio, Paulo, Hickok, Gregory, Gwilliams, Laura, Fernandino, Leonardo, Mirman, Daniel, Chrysikou, Evangelia G., Sandberg, Chaleece W., Crutch, Sebastian J., Pylkkänen, Liina, Yee, Eiling, Jackson, Rebecca L., Rodd, Jennifer M., Bedny, Marina, Connell, Louise, Kiefer, Markus, Kemmerer, David, de Zubicaray, Greig, Jefferies, Elizabeth, Lynott, Dermot, Siew, Cynthia S.Q., Desai, Rutvik H., McRae, Ken, Diaz, Michele T., Bolognesi, Marianna, Fedorenko, Evelina, Kiran, Swathi, Montefinese, Maria, Binder, Jeffrey R., Yap, Melvin J., Hartwigsen, Gesa, Cantlon, Jessica, Bi, Yanchao, Hoffman, Paul, Garcea, Frank E., and Vinson, David

Published
2024
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19. The Impact of ionization Morphology and X-ray Heating on the Cosmological 21cm Skew Spectrum

Author

Cook, J. H., Balu, S., Greig, B., Trott, C. M., Line, J. L. B., Qin, Y., and Wyithe, J. S. B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The cosmological 21cm signal offers a potential probe of the early Universe and the first ionizing sources. Current experiments probe the spatially-dependent variance (Gaussianity) of the signal through the power spectrum (PS). The signal however is expected to be highly non-Gaussian due to the complex topology of reionization and X-ray heating. We investigate the non-Gaussianities of X-ray heating and reionization, by calculating the skew spectrum (SS) of the 21cm signal using MERAXES, which couples a semi-analytic galaxy population with semi-numerical reionization simulations. The SS is the cross-spectrum of the quadratic temperature brightness field with itself. We generate a set of seven simulations from $z = 30$ to $z = 5$, varying the halo mass threshold for hosting star-formation, the X-ray luminosity per star-formation rate, and the minimum X-ray energy escaping host galaxies. We find the SS is predominantly negative as a function of redshift, transitioning to positive towards the start of reionization, and peaking during the midpoint of reionization. We do not see a negative dip in the SS during reionization, likely due to the specifics of modelling ionization sources. We normalise the SS by the PS during reionization isolating the non-Gaussianities. We find a trough ($k\sim\,0.1\,\textrm{Mpc}^{-1}$) and peak ($k\sim\,0.4-1\,\textrm{Mpc}^{-1}$) in the normalised SS during the mid to late periods of reionization. These correlate to the ionization topology, and neutral islands in the IGM. We calculate the cosmic variance of the normalised SS, and find these features are detectable in the absence of foregrounds with the SKA_LOW., Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures

Published
2024
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20. A demonstration of the effect of fringe-rate filtering in the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array delay power spectrum pipeline

Author

Garsden, Hugh, Bull, Philip, Wilensky, Mike, Abdurashidova, Zuhra, Adams, Tyrone, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Baartman, Rushelle, Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Berkhout, Lindsay M., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steven, Carilli, Chris L., Chen, Kai-Feng, Cheng, Carina, Choudhuri, Samir, DeBoer, David R., Acedo, Eloy de Lera, Dexter, Matt, Dillon, Joshua S., Dynes, Scott, Eksteen, Nico, Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steven R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Gehlot, Bharat Kumar, Ghosh, Abhik, Glendenning, Brian, Gorce, Adelie, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Hickish, Jack, Huang, Tian, Jacobs, Daniel C., Josaitis, Alec, Julius, Austin, Kariseb, MacCalvin, Kern, Nicholas S., Kerrigan, Joshua, Kim, Honggeun, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Liu, Adrian, Loots, Anita, Ma, Yin-Zhe, MacMahon, David H. E., Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Malgas, Keith, Marero, Bradley, Martinot, Zachary E., Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Murray, Steven G., Neben, Abraham R., Nikolic, Bojan, Nunhokee, Chuneeta Devi, Nuwegeld, Hans, Parsons, Aaron R., Pascua, Robert, Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, Qin, Yuxiang, Rath, Eleanor, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Riley, Daniel, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Santos, Mario G., Sims, Peter, Singh, Saurabh, Storer, Dara, Swarts, Hilton, Tan, Jianrong, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, van Wyngaarden, Pieter, Williams, Peter K. G., Xu, Zhilei, and Zheng, Haoxuan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Radio interferometers targeting the 21cm brightness temperature fluctuations at high redshift are subject to systematic effects that operate over a range of different timescales. These can be isolated by designing appropriate Fourier filters that operate in fringe-rate (FR) space, the Fourier pair of local sidereal time (LST). Applications of FR filtering include separating effects that are correlated with the rotating sky vs. those relative to the ground, down-weighting emission in the primary beam sidelobes, and suppressing noise. FR filtering causes the noise contributions to the visibility data to become correlated in time however, making interpretation of subsequent averaging and error estimation steps more subtle. In this paper, we describe fringe rate filters that are implemented using discrete prolate spheroidal sequences, and designed for two different purposes -- beam sidelobe/horizon suppression (the `mainlobe' filter), and ground-locked systematics removal (the `notch' filter). We apply these to simulated data, and study how their properties affect visibilities and power spectra generated from the simulations. Included is an introduction to fringe-rate filtering and a demonstration of fringe-rate filters applied to simple situations to aid understanding., Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Published
2024

21. Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) Phase II Deployment and Commissioning

Author

Berkhout, Lindsay M., Jacobs, Daniel C., Abdurashidova, Zuhra, Adams, Tyrone, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Baartman, Rushelle, Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Bull, Philip, Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steven, Carilli, Chris L., Chen, Kai-Feng, Cheng, Carina, Choudhuri, Samir, DeBoer, David R., Acedo, Eloy de Lera, Dexter, Matt, Dillon, Joshua S., Dynes, Scott, Eksteen, Nico, Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steven R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Garsden, Hugh, Gehlot, Bharat Kumar, Ghosh, Abhik, Glendenning, Brian, Gorce, Adelie, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Hickish, Jack, Huang, Tian, Josaitis, Alec, Julius, Austin, Kariseb, MacCalvin, Kern, Nicholas S., Kerrigan, Joshua, Kim, Honggeun, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Liu, Adrian, Loots, Anita, Ma, Yin-Zhe, MacMahon, David Harold Edward, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Malgas, Keith, Marero, Bradley, Martinot, Zachary E., Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Murray, Steven G., Neben, Abraham R., Nikolic, Bojan, Nunhokee, Chuneeta Devi, Nuwegeld, Hans, Parsons, Aaron R., Pascua, Robert, Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, Qin, Yuxiang, Rath, Eleanor, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Riley, Daniel, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Santos, Mario G., Sims, Peter, Singh, Saurabh, Storer, Dara, Swarts, Hilton, Tan, Jianrong, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, van Wyngaarden, Pieter, Williams, Peter K. G., Zheng, Haoxuan, and Xu, Zhilei

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper presents the design and deployment of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) phase II system. HERA is designed as a staged experiment targeting 21 cm emission measurements of the Epoch of Reionization. First results from the phase I array are published as of early 2022, and deployment of the phase II system is nearing completion. We describe the design of the phase II system and discuss progress on commissioning and future upgrades. As HERA is a designated Square Kilometer Array (SKA) pathfinder instrument, we also show a number of "case studies" that investigate systematics seen while commissioning the phase II system, which may be of use in the design and operation of future arrays. Common pathologies are likely to manifest in similar ways across instruments, and many of these sources of contamination can be mitigated once the source is identified.

Published
2024
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22. Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Author

Gemini Team, Anil, Rohan, Borgeaud, Sebastian, Alayrac, Jean-Baptiste, Yu, Jiahui, Soricut, Radu, Schalkwyk, Johan, Dai, Andrew M., Hauth, Anja, Millican, Katie, Silver, David, Johnson, Melvin, Antonoglou, Ioannis, Schrittwieser, Julian, Glaese, Amelia, Chen, Jilin, Pitler, Emily, Lillicrap, Timothy, Lazaridou, Angeliki, Firat, Orhan, Molloy, James, Isard, Michael, Barham, Paul R., Hennigan, Tom, Lee, Benjamin, Viola, Fabio, Reynolds, Malcolm, Xu, Yuanzhong, Doherty, Ryan, Collins, Eli, Meyer, Clemens, Rutherford, Eliza, Moreira, Erica, Ayoub, Kareem, Goel, Megha, Krawczyk, Jack, Du, Cosmo, Chi, Ed, Cheng, Heng-Tze, Ni, Eric, Shah, Purvi, Kane, Patrick, Chan, Betty, Faruqui, Manaal, Severyn, Aliaksei, Lin, Hanzhao, Li, YaGuang, Cheng, Yong, Ittycheriah, Abe, Mahdieh, Mahdis, Chen, Mia, Sun, Pei, Tran, Dustin, Bagri, Sumit, Lakshminarayanan, Balaji, Liu, Jeremiah, Orban, Andras, Güra, Fabian, Zhou, Hao, Song, Xinying, Boffy, Aurelien, Ganapathy, Harish, Zheng, Steven, Choe, HyunJeong, Weisz, Ágoston, Zhu, Tao, Lu, Yifeng, Gopal, Siddharth, Kahn, Jarrod, Kula, Maciej, Pitman, Jeff, Shah, Rushin, Taropa, Emanuel, Merey, Majd Al, Baeuml, Martin, Chen, Zhifeng, Shafey, Laurent El, Zhang, Yujing, Sercinoglu, Olcan, Tucker, George, Piqueras, Enrique, Krikun, Maxim, Barr, Iain, Savinov, Nikolay, Danihelka, Ivo, Roelofs, Becca, White, Anaïs, Andreassen, Anders, von Glehn, Tamara, Yagati, Lakshman, Kazemi, Mehran, Gonzalez, Lucas, Khalman, Misha, Sygnowski, Jakub, Frechette, Alexandre, Smith, Charlotte, Culp, Laura, Proleev, Lev, Luan, Yi, Chen, Xi, Lottes, James, Schucher, Nathan, Lebron, Federico, Rrustemi, Alban, Clay, Natalie, Crone, Phil, Kocisky, Tomas, Zhao, Jeffrey, Perz, Bartek, Yu, Dian, Howard, Heidi, Bloniarz, Adam, Rae, Jack W., Lu, Han, Sifre, Laurent, Maggioni, Marcello, Alcober, Fred, Garrette, Dan, Barnes, Megan, Thakoor, Shantanu, Austin, Jacob, Barth-Maron, Gabriel, Wong, William, Joshi, Rishabh, Chaabouni, Rahma, Fatiha, Deeni, Ahuja, Arun, Tomar, Gaurav Singh, Senter, Evan, Chadwick, Martin, Kornakov, Ilya, Attaluri, Nithya, Iturrate, Iñaki, Liu, Ruibo, Li, Yunxuan, Cogan, Sarah, Chen, Jeremy, Jia, Chao, Gu, Chenjie, Zhang, Qiao, Grimstad, Jordan, Hartman, Ale Jakse, Garcia, Xavier, Pillai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana, Devlin, Jacob, Laskin, Michael, Casas, Diego de Las, Valter, Dasha, Tao, Connie, Blanco, Lorenzo, Badia, Adrià Puigdomènech, Reitter, David, Chen, Mianna, Brennan, Jenny, Rivera, Clara, Brin, Sergey, Iqbal, Shariq, Surita, Gabriela, Labanowski, Jane, Rao, Abhi, Winkler, Stephanie, Parisotto, Emilio, Gu, Yiming, Olszewska, Kate, Addanki, Ravi, Miech, Antoine, Louis, Annie, Teplyashin, Denis, Brown, Geoff, Catt, Elliot, Balaguer, Jan, Xiang, Jackie, Wang, Pidong, Ashwood, Zoe, Briukhov, Anton, Webson, Albert, Ganapathy, Sanjay, Sanghavi, Smit, Kannan, Ajay, Chang, Ming-Wei, Stjerngren, Axel, Djolonga, Josip, Sun, Yuting, Bapna, Ankur, Aitchison, Matthew, Pejman, Pedram, Michalewski, Henryk, Yu, Tianhe, Wang, Cindy, Love, Juliette, Ahn, Junwhan, Bloxwich, Dawn, Han, Kehang, Humphreys, Peter, Sellam, Thibault, Bradbury, James, Godbole, Varun, Samangooei, Sina, Damoc, Bogdan, Kaskasoli, Alex, Arnold, Sébastien M. R., Vasudevan, Vijay, Agrawal, Shubham, Riesa, Jason, Lepikhin, Dmitry, Tanburn, Richard, Srinivasan, Srivatsan, Lim, Hyeontaek, Hodkinson, Sarah, Shyam, Pranav, Ferret, Johan, Hand, Steven, Garg, Ankush, Paine, Tom Le, Li, Jian, Li, Yujia, Giang, Minh, Neitz, Alexander, Abbas, Zaheer, York, Sarah, Reid, Machel, Cole, Elizabeth, Chowdhery, Aakanksha, Das, Dipanjan, Rogozińska, Dominika, Nikolaev, Vitaliy, Sprechmann, Pablo, Nado, Zachary, Zilka, Lukas, Prost, Flavien, He, Luheng, Monteiro, Marianne, Mishra, Gaurav, Welty, Chris, Newlan, Josh, Jia, Dawei, Allamanis, Miltiadis, Hu, Clara Huiyi, de Liedekerke, Raoul, Gilmer, Justin, Saroufim, Carl, Rijhwani, Shruti, Hou, Shaobo, Shrivastava, Disha, Baddepudi, Anirudh, Goldin, Alex, Ozturel, Adnan, Cassirer, Albin, Xu, Yunhan, Sohn, Daniel, Sachan, Devendra, Amplayo, Reinald Kim, Swanson, Craig, Petrova, Dessie, Narayan, Shashi, Guez, Arthur, Brahma, Siddhartha, Landon, Jessica, Patel, Miteyan, Zhao, Ruizhe, Villela, Kevin, Wang, Luyu, Jia, Wenhao, Rahtz, Matthew, Giménez, Mai, Yeung, Legg, Keeling, James, Georgiev, Petko, Mincu, Diana, Wu, Boxi, Haykal, Salem, Saputro, Rachel, Vodrahalli, Kiran, Qin, James, Cankara, Zeynep, Sharma, Abhanshu, Fernando, Nick, Hawkins, Will, Neyshabur, Behnam, Kim, Solomon, Hutter, Adrian, Agrawal, Priyanka, Castro-Ros, Alex, Driessche, George van den, Wang, Tao, Yang, Fan, Chang, Shuo-yiin, Komarek, Paul, McIlroy, Ross, Lučić, Mario, Zhang, Guodong, Farhan, Wael, Sharman, Michael, Natsev, Paul, Michel, Paul, Bansal, Yamini, Qiao, Siyuan, Cao, Kris, Shakeri, Siamak, Butterfield, Christina, Chung, Justin, Rubenstein, Paul Kishan, Agrawal, Shivani, Mensch, Arthur, Soparkar, Kedar, Lenc, Karel, Chung, Timothy, Pope, Aedan, Maggiore, Loren, Kay, Jackie, Jhakra, Priya, Wang, Shibo, Maynez, Joshua, Phuong, Mary, Tobin, Taylor, Tacchetti, Andrea, Trebacz, Maja, Robinson, Kevin, Katariya, Yash, Riedel, Sebastian, Bailey, Paige, Xiao, Kefan, Ghelani, Nimesh, Aroyo, Lora, Slone, Ambrose, Houlsby, Neil, Xiong, Xuehan, Yang, Zhen, Gribovskaya, Elena, Adler, Jonas, Wirth, Mateo, Lee, Lisa, Li, Music, Kagohara, Thais, Pavagadhi, Jay, Bridgers, Sophie, Bortsova, Anna, Ghemawat, Sanjay, Ahmed, Zafarali, Liu, Tianqi, Powell, Richard, Bolina, Vijay, Iinuma, Mariko, Zablotskaia, Polina, Besley, James, Chung, Da-Woon, Dozat, Timothy, Comanescu, Ramona, Si, Xiance, Greer, Jeremy, Su, Guolong, Polacek, Martin, Kaufman, Raphaël Lopez, Tokumine, Simon, Hu, Hexiang, Buchatskaya, Elena, Miao, Yingjie, Elhawaty, Mohamed, Siddhant, Aditya, Tomasev, Nenad, Xing, Jinwei, Greer, Christina, Miller, Helen, Ashraf, Shereen, Roy, Aurko, Zhang, Zizhao, Ma, Ada, Filos, Angelos, Besta, Milos, Blevins, Rory, Klimenko, Ted, Yeh, Chih-Kuan, Changpinyo, Soravit, Mu, Jiaqi, Chang, Oscar, Pajarskas, Mantas, Muir, Carrie, Cohen, Vered, Lan, Charline Le, Haridasan, Krishna, Marathe, Amit, Hansen, Steven, Douglas, Sholto, Samuel, Rajkumar, Wang, Mingqiu, Austin, Sophia, Lan, Chang, Jiang, Jiepu, Chiu, Justin, Lorenzo, Jaime Alonso, Sjösund, Lars Lowe, Cevey, Sébastien, Gleicher, Zach, Avrahami, Thi, Boral, Anudhyan, Srinivasan, Hansa, Selo, Vittorio, May, Rhys, Aisopos, Konstantinos, Hussenot, Léonard, Soares, Livio Baldini, Baumli, Kate, Chang, Michael B., Recasens, Adrià, Caine, Ben, Pritzel, Alexander, Pavetic, Filip, Pardo, Fabio, Gergely, Anita, Frye, Justin, Ramasesh, Vinay, Horgan, Dan, Badola, Kartikeya, Kassner, Nora, Roy, Subhrajit, Dyer, Ethan, Campos, Víctor Campos, Tomala, Alex, Tang, Yunhao, Badawy, Dalia El, White, Elspeth, Mustafa, Basil, Lang, Oran, Jindal, Abhishek, Vikram, Sharad, Gong, Zhitao, Caelles, Sergi, Hemsley, Ross, Thornton, Gregory, Feng, Fangxiaoyu, Stokowiec, Wojciech, Zheng, Ce, Thacker, Phoebe, Ünlü, Çağlar, Zhang, Zhishuai, Saleh, Mohammad, Svensson, James, Bileschi, Max, Patil, Piyush, Anand, Ankesh, Ring, Roman, Tsihlas, Katerina, Vezer, Arpi, Selvi, Marco, Shevlane, Toby, Rodriguez, Mikel, Kwiatkowski, Tom, Daruki, Samira, Rong, Keran, Dafoe, Allan, FitzGerald, Nicholas, Gu-Lemberg, Keren, Khan, Mina, Hendricks, Lisa Anne, Pellat, Marie, Feinberg, Vladimir, Cobon-Kerr, James, Sainath, Tara, Rauh, Maribeth, Hashemi, Sayed Hadi, Ives, Richard, Hasson, Yana, Noland, Eric, Cao, Yuan, Byrd, Nathan, Hou, Le, Wang, Qingze, Sottiaux, Thibault, Paganini, Michela, Lespiau, Jean-Baptiste, Moufarek, Alexandre, Hassan, Samer, Shivakumar, Kaushik, van Amersfoort, Joost, Mandhane, Amol, Joshi, Pratik, Goyal, Anirudh, Tung, Matthew, Brock, Andrew, Sheahan, Hannah, Misra, Vedant, Li, Cheng, Rakićević, Nemanja, Dehghani, Mostafa, Liu, Fangyu, Mittal, Sid, Oh, Junhyuk, Noury, Seb, Sezener, Eren, Huot, Fantine, Lamm, Matthew, De Cao, Nicola, Chen, Charlie, Mudgal, Sidharth, Stella, Romina, Brooks, Kevin, Vasudevan, Gautam, Liu, Chenxi, Chain, Mainak, Melinkeri, Nivedita, Cohen, Aaron, Wang, Venus, Seymore, Kristie, Zubkov, Sergey, Goel, Rahul, Yue, Summer, Krishnakumaran, Sai, Albert, Brian, Hurley, Nate, Sano, Motoki, Mohananey, Anhad, Joughin, Jonah, Filonov, Egor, Kępa, Tomasz, Eldawy, Yomna, Lim, Jiawern, Rishi, Rahul, Badiezadegan, Shirin, Bos, Taylor, Chang, Jerry, Jain, Sanil, Padmanabhan, Sri Gayatri Sundara, Puttagunta, Subha, Krishna, Kalpesh, Baker, Leslie, Kalb, Norbert, Bedapudi, Vamsi, Kurzrok, Adam, Lei, Shuntong, Yu, Anthony, Litvin, Oren, Zhou, Xiang, Wu, Zhichun, Sobell, Sam, Siciliano, Andrea, Papir, Alan, Neale, Robby, Bragagnolo, Jonas, Toor, Tej, Chen, Tina, Anklin, Valentin, Wang, Feiran, Feng, Richie, Gholami, Milad, Ling, Kevin, Liu, Lijuan, Walter, Jules, Moghaddam, Hamid, Kishore, Arun, Adamek, Jakub, Mercado, Tyler, Mallinson, Jonathan, Wandekar, Siddhinita, Cagle, Stephen, Ofek, Eran, Garrido, Guillermo, Lombriser, Clemens, Mukha, Maksim, Sun, Botu, Mohammad, Hafeezul Rahman, Matak, Josip, Qian, Yadi, Peswani, Vikas, Janus, Pawel, Yuan, Quan, Schelin, Leif, David, Oana, Garg, Ankur, He, Yifan, Duzhyi, Oleksii, Älgmyr, Anton, Lottaz, Timothée, Li, Qi, Yadav, Vikas, Xu, Luyao, Chinien, Alex, Shivanna, Rakesh, Chuklin, Aleksandr, Li, Josie, Spadine, Carrie, Wolfe, Travis, Mohamed, Kareem, Das, Subhabrata, Dai, Zihang, He, Kyle, von Dincklage, Daniel, Upadhyay, Shyam, Maurya, Akanksha, Chi, Luyan, Krause, Sebastian, Salama, Khalid, Rabinovitch, Pam G, M, Pavan Kumar Reddy, Selvan, Aarush, Dektiarev, Mikhail, Ghiasi, Golnaz, Guven, Erdem, Gupta, Himanshu, Liu, Boyi, Sharma, Deepak, Shtacher, Idan Heimlich, Paul, Shachi, Akerlund, Oscar, Aubet, François-Xavier, Huang, Terry, Zhu, Chen, Zhu, Eric, Teixeira, Elico, Fritze, Matthew, Bertolini, Francesco, Marinescu, Liana-Eleonora, Bölle, Martin, Paulus, Dominik, Gupta, Khyatti, Latkar, Tejasi, Chang, Max, Sanders, Jason, Wilson, Roopa, Wu, Xuewei, Tan, Yi-Xuan, Thiet, Lam Nguyen, Doshi, Tulsee, Lall, Sid, Mishra, Swaroop, Chen, Wanming, Luong, Thang, Benjamin, Seth, Lee, Jasmine, Andrejczuk, Ewa, Rabiej, Dominik, Ranjan, Vipul, Styrc, Krzysztof, Yin, Pengcheng, Simon, Jon, Harriott, Malcolm Rose, Bansal, Mudit, Robsky, Alexei, Bacon, Geoff, Greene, David, Mirylenka, Daniil, Zhou, Chen, Sarvana, Obaid, Goyal, Abhimanyu, Andermatt, Samuel, Siegler, Patrick, Horn, Ben, Israel, Assaf, Pongetti, Francesco, Chen, Chih-Wei "Louis", Selvatici, Marco, Silva, Pedro, Wang, Kathie, Tolins, Jackson, Guu, Kelvin, Yogev, Roey, Cai, Xiaochen, Agostini, Alessandro, Shah, Maulik, Nguyen, Hung, Donnaile, Noah Ó, Pereira, Sébastien, Friso, Linda, Stambler, Adam, Kuang, Chenkai, Romanikhin, Yan, Geller, Mark, Yan, ZJ, Jang, Kane, Lee, Cheng-Chun, Fica, Wojciech, Malmi, Eric, Tan, Qijun, Banica, Dan, Balle, Daniel, Pham, Ryan, Huang, Yanping, Avram, Diana, Shi, Hongzhi, Singh, Jasjot, Hidey, Chris, Ahuja, Niharika, Saxena, Pranab, Dooley, Dan, Potharaju, Srividya Pranavi, O'Neill, Eileen, Gokulchandran, Anand, Foley, Ryan, Zhao, Kai, Dusenberry, Mike, Liu, Yuan, Mehta, Pulkit, Kotikalapudi, Ragha, Safranek-Shrader, Chalence, Goodman, Andrew, Kessinger, Joshua, Globen, Eran, Kolhar, Prateek, Gorgolewski, Chris, Ibrahim, Ali, Song, Yang, Eichenbaum, Ali, Brovelli, Thomas, Potluri, Sahitya, Lahoti, Preethi, Baetu, Cip, Ghorbani, Ali, Chen, Charles, Crawford, Andy, Pal, Shalini, Sridhar, Mukund, Gurita, Petru, Mujika, Asier, Petrovski, Igor, Cedoz, Pierre-Louis, Li, Chenmei, Chen, Shiyuan, Santo, Niccolò Dal, Goyal, Siddharth, Punjabi, Jitesh, Kappaganthu, Karthik, Kwak, Chester, LV, Pallavi, Velury, Sarmishta, Choudhury, Himadri, Hall, Jamie, Shah, Premal, Figueira, Ricardo, Thomas, Matt, Lu, Minjie, Zhou, Ting, Kumar, Chintu, Jurdi, Thomas, Chikkerur, Sharat, Ma, Yenai, Yu, Adams, Kwak, Soo, Ähdel, Victor, Rajayogam, Sujeevan, Choma, Travis, Liu, Fei, Barua, Aditya, Ji, Colin, Park, Ji Ho, Hellendoorn, Vincent, Bailey, Alex, Bilal, Taylan, Zhou, Huanjie, Khatir, Mehrdad, Sutton, Charles, Rzadkowski, Wojciech, Macintosh, Fiona, Shagin, Konstantin, Medina, Paul, Liang, Chen, Zhou, Jinjing, Shah, Pararth, Bi, Yingying, Dankovics, Attila, Banga, Shipra, Lehmann, Sabine, Bredesen, Marissa, Lin, Zifan, Hoffmann, John Eric, Lai, Jonathan, Chung, Raynald, Yang, Kai, Balani, Nihal, Bražinskas, Arthur, Sozanschi, Andrei, Hayes, Matthew, Alcalde, Héctor Fernández, Makarov, Peter, Chen, Will, Stella, Antonio, Snijders, Liselotte, Mandl, Michael, Kärrman, Ante, Nowak, Paweł, Wu, Xinyi, Dyck, Alex, Vaidyanathan, Krishnan, R, Raghavender, Mallet, Jessica, Rudominer, Mitch, Johnston, Eric, Mittal, Sushil, Udathu, Akhil, Christensen, Janara, Verma, Vishal, Irving, Zach, Santucci, Andreas, Elsayed, Gamaleldin, Davoodi, Elnaz, Georgiev, Marin, Tenney, Ian, Hua, Nan, Cideron, Geoffrey, Leurent, Edouard, Alnahlawi, Mahmoud, Georgescu, Ionut, Wei, Nan, Zheng, Ivy, Scandinaro, Dylan, Jiang, Heinrich, Snoek, Jasper, Sundararajan, Mukund, Wang, Xuezhi, Ontiveros, Zack, Karo, Itay, Cole, Jeremy, Rajashekhar, Vinu, Tumeh, Lara, Ben-David, Eyal, Jain, Rishub, Uesato, Jonathan, Datta, Romina, Bunyan, Oskar, Wu, Shimu, Zhang, John, Stanczyk, Piotr, Zhang, Ye, Steiner, David, Naskar, Subhajit, Azzam, Michael, Johnson, Matthew, Paszke, Adam, Chiu, Chung-Cheng, Elias, Jaume Sanchez, Mohiuddin, Afroz, Muhammad, Faizan, Miao, Jin, Lee, Andrew, Vieillard, Nino, Park, Jane, Zhang, Jiageng, Stanway, Jeff, Garmon, Drew, Karmarkar, Abhijit, Dong, Zhe, Lee, Jong, Kumar, Aviral, Zhou, Luowei, Evens, Jonathan, Isaac, William, Irving, Geoffrey, Loper, Edward, Fink, Michael, Arkatkar, Isha, Chen, Nanxin, Shafran, Izhak, Petrychenko, Ivan, Chen, Zhe, Jia, Johnson, Levskaya, Anselm, Zhu, Zhenkai, Grabowski, Peter, Mao, Yu, Magni, Alberto, Yao, Kaisheng, Snaider, Javier, Casagrande, Norman, Palmer, Evan, Suganthan, Paul, Castaño, Alfonso, Giannoumis, Irene, Kim, Wooyeol, Rybiński, Mikołaj, Sreevatsa, Ashwin, Prendki, Jennifer, Soergel, David, Goedeckemeyer, Adrian, Gierke, Willi, Jafari, Mohsen, Gaba, Meenu, Wiesner, Jeremy, Wright, Diana Gage, Wei, Yawen, Vashisht, Harsha, Kulizhskaya, Yana, Hoover, Jay, Le, Maigo, Li, Lu, Iwuanyanwu, Chimezie, Liu, Lu, Ramirez, Kevin, Khorlin, Andrey, Cui, Albert, LIN, Tian, Wu, Marcus, Aguilar, Ricardo, Pallo, Keith, Chakladar, Abhishek, Perng, Ginger, Abellan, Elena Allica, Zhang, Mingyang, Dasgupta, Ishita, Kushman, Nate, Penchev, Ivo, Repina, Alena, Wu, Xihui, van der Weide, Tom, Ponnapalli, Priya, Kaplan, Caroline, Simsa, Jiri, Li, Shuangfeng, Dousse, Olivier, Piper, Jeff, Ie, Nathan, Pasumarthi, Rama, Lintz, Nathan, Vijayakumar, Anitha, Andor, Daniel, Valenzuela, Pedro, Lui, Minnie, Paduraru, Cosmin, Peng, Daiyi, Lee, Katherine, Zhang, Shuyuan, Greene, Somer, Nguyen, Duc Dung, Kurylowicz, Paula, Hardin, Cassidy, Dixon, Lucas, Janzer, Lili, Choo, Kiam, Feng, Ziqiang, Zhang, Biao, Singhal, Achintya, Du, Dayou, McKinnon, Dan, Antropova, Natasha, Bolukbasi, Tolga, Keller, Orgad, Reid, David, Finchelstein, Daniel, Raad, Maria Abi, Crocker, Remi, Hawkins, Peter, Dadashi, Robert, Gaffney, Colin, Franko, Ken, Bulanova, Anna, Leblond, Rémi, Chung, Shirley, Askham, Harry, Cobo, Luis C., Xu, Kelvin, Fischer, Felix, Xu, Jun, Sorokin, Christina, Alberti, Chris, Lin, Chu-Cheng, Evans, Colin, Dimitriev, Alek, Forbes, Hannah, Banarse, Dylan, Tung, Zora, Omernick, Mark, Bishop, Colton, Sterneck, Rachel, Jain, Rohan, Xia, Jiawei, Amid, Ehsan, Piccinno, Francesco, Wang, Xingyu, Banzal, Praseem, Mankowitz, Daniel J., Polozov, Alex, Krakovna, Victoria, Brown, Sasha, Bateni, MohammadHossein, Duan, Dennis, Firoiu, Vlad, Thotakuri, Meghana, Natan, Tom, Geist, Matthieu, Girgin, Ser tan, Li, Hui, Ye, Jiayu, Roval, Ofir, Tojo, Reiko, Kwong, Michael, Lee-Thorp, James, Yew, Christopher, Sinopalnikov, Danila, Ramos, Sabela, Mellor, John, Sharma, Abhishek, Wu, Kathy, Miller, David, Sonnerat, Nicolas, Vnukov, Denis, Greig, Rory, Beattie, Jennifer, Caveness, Emily, Bai, Libin, Eisenschlos, Julian, Korchemniy, Alex, Tsai, Tomy, Jasarevic, Mimi, Kong, Weize, Dao, Phuong, Zheng, Zeyu, Liu, Frederick, Zhu, Rui, Teh, Tian Huey, Sanmiya, Jason, Gladchenko, Evgeny, Trdin, Nejc, Toyama, Daniel, Rosen, Evan, Tavakkol, Sasan, Xue, Linting, Elkind, Chen, Woodman, Oliver, Carpenter, John, Papamakarios, George, Kemp, Rupert, Kafle, Sushant, Grunina, Tanya, Sinha, Rishika, Talbert, Alice, Wu, Diane, Owusu-Afriyie, Denese, Thornton, Chloe, Pont-Tuset, Jordi, Narayana, Pradyumna, Li, Jing, Fatehi, Saaber, Wieting, John, Ajmeri, Omar, Uria, Benigno, Ko, Yeongil, Knight, Laura, Héliou, Amélie, Niu, Ning, Gu, Shane, Pang, Chenxi, Li, Yeqing, Levine, Nir, Stolovich, Ariel, Santamaria-Fernandez, Rebeca, Goenka, Sonam, Yustalim, Wenny, Strudel, Robin, Elqursh, Ali, Deck, Charlie, Lee, Hyo, Li, Zonglin, Levin, Kyle, Hoffmann, Raphael, Holtmann-Rice, Dan, Bachem, Olivier, Arora, Sho, Koh, Christy, Yeganeh, Soheil Hassas, Põder, Siim, Tariq, Mukarram, Sun, Yanhua, Ionita, Lucian, Seyedhosseini, Mojtaba, Tafti, Pouya, Liu, Zhiyu, Gulati, Anmol, Liu, Jasmine, Ye, Xinyu, Chrzaszcz, Bart, Wang, Lily, Sethi, Nikhil, Li, Tianrun, Brown, Ben, Singh, Shreya, Fan, Wei, Parisi, Aaron, Stanton, Joe, Koverkathu, Vinod, Choquette-Choo, Christopher A., Li, Yunjie, Lu, TJ, Shroff, Prakash, Varadarajan, Mani, Bahargam, Sanaz, Willoughby, Rob, Gaddy, David, Desjardins, Guillaume, Cornero, Marco, Robenek, Brona, Mittal, Bhavishya, Albrecht, Ben, Shenoy, Ashish, Moiseev, Fedor, Jacobsson, Henrik, Ghaffarkhah, Alireza, Rivière, Morgane, Walton, Alanna, Crepy, Clément, Parrish, Alicia, Zhou, Zongwei, Farabet, Clement, Radebaugh, Carey, Srinivasan, Praveen, van der Salm, Claudia, Fidjeland, Andreas, Scellato, Salvatore, Latorre-Chimoto, Eri, Klimczak-Plucińska, Hanna, Bridson, David, de Cesare, Dario, Hudson, Tom, Mendolicchio, Piermaria, Walker, Lexi, Morris, Alex, Mauger, Matthew, Guseynov, Alexey, Reid, Alison, Odoom, Seth, Loher, Lucia, Cotruta, Victor, Yenugula, Madhavi, Grewe, Dominik, Petrushkina, Anastasia, Duerig, Tom, Sanchez, Antonio, Yadlowsky, Steve, Shen, Amy, Globerson, Amir, Webb, Lynette, Dua, Sahil, Li, Dong, Bhupatiraju, Surya, Hurt, Dan, Qureshi, Haroon, Agarwal, Ananth, Shani, Tomer, Eyal, Matan, Khare, Anuj, Belle, Shreyas Rammohan, Wang, Lei, Tekur, Chetan, Kale, Mihir Sanjay, Wei, Jinliang, Sang, Ruoxin, Saeta, Brennan, Liechty, Tyler, Sun, Yi, Zhao, Yao, Lee, Stephan, Nayak, Pandu, Fritz, Doug, Vuyyuru, Manish Reddy, Aslanides, John, Vyas, Nidhi, Wicke, Martin, Ma, Xiao, Eltyshev, Evgenii, Martin, Nina, Cate, Hardie, Manyika, James, Amiri, Keyvan, Kim, Yelin, Xiong, Xi, Kang, Kai, Luisier, Florian, Tripuraneni, Nilesh, Madras, David, Guo, Mandy, Waters, Austin, Wang, Oliver, Ainslie, Joshua, Baldridge, Jason, Zhang, Han, Pruthi, Garima, Bauer, Jakob, Yang, Feng, Mansour, Riham, Gelman, Jason, Xu, Yang, Polovets, George, Liu, Ji, Cai, Honglong, Chen, Warren, Sheng, XiangHai, Xue, Emily, Ozair, Sherjil, Angermueller, Christof, Li, Xiaowei, Sinha, Anoop, Wang, Weiren, Wiesinger, Julia, Koukoumidis, Emmanouil, Tian, Yuan, Iyer, Anand, Gurumurthy, Madhu, Goldenson, Mark, Shah, Parashar, Blake, MK, Yu, Hongkun, Urbanowicz, Anthony, Palomaki, Jennimaria, Fernando, Chrisantha, Durden, Ken, Mehta, Harsh, Momchev, Nikola, Rahimtoroghi, Elahe, Georgaki, Maria, Raul, Amit, Ruder, Sebastian, Redshaw, Morgan, Lee, Jinhyuk, Zhou, Denny, Jalan, Komal, Li, Dinghua, Hechtman, Blake, Schuh, Parker, Nasr, Milad, Milan, Kieran, Mikulik, Vladimir, Franco, Juliana, Green, Tim, Nguyen, Nam, Kelley, Joe, Mahendru, Aroma, Hu, Andrea, Howland, Joshua, Vargas, Ben, Hui, Jeffrey, Bansal, Kshitij, Rao, Vikram, Ghiya, Rakesh, Wang, Emma, Ye, Ke, Sarr, Jean Michel, Preston, Melanie Moranski, Elish, Madeleine, Li, Steve, Kaku, Aakash, Gupta, Jigar, Pasupat, Ice, Juan, Da-Cheng, Someswar, Milan, M., Tejvi, Chen, Xinyun, Amini, Aida, Fabrikant, Alex, Chu, Eric, Dong, Xuanyi, Muthal, Amruta, Buthpitiya, Senaka, Jauhari, Sarthak, Khandelwal, Urvashi, Hitron, Ayal, Ren, Jie, Rinaldi, Larissa, Drath, Shahar, Dabush, Avigail, Jiang, Nan-Jiang, Godhia, Harshal, Sachs, Uli, Chen, Anthony, Fan, Yicheng, Taitelbaum, Hagai, Noga, Hila, Dai, Zhuyun, Wang, James, Hamer, Jenny, Ferng, Chun-Sung, Elkind, Chenel, Atias, Aviel, Lee, Paulina, Listík, Vít, Carlen, Mathias, van de Kerkhof, Jan, Pikus, Marcin, Zaher, Krunoslav, Müller, Paul, Zykova, Sasha, Stefanec, Richard, Gatsko, Vitaly, Hirnschall, Christoph, Sethi, Ashwin, Xu, Xingyu Federico, Ahuja, Chetan, Tsai, Beth, Stefanoiu, Anca, Feng, Bo, Dhandhania, Keshav, Katyal, Manish, Gupta, Akshay, Parulekar, Atharva, Pitta, Divya, Zhao, Jing, Bhatia, Vivaan, Bhavnani, Yashodha, Alhadlaq, Omar, Li, Xiaolin, Danenberg, Peter, Tu, Dennis, Pine, Alex, Filippova, Vera, Ghosh, Abhipso, Limonchik, Ben, Urala, Bhargava, Lanka, Chaitanya Krishna, Clive, Derik, Li, Edward, Wu, Hao, Hongtongsak, Kevin, Li, Ianna, Thakkar, Kalind, Omarov, Kuanysh, Majmundar, Kushal, Alverson, Michael, Kucharski, Michael, Patel, Mohak, Jain, Mudit, Zabelin, Maksim, Pelagatti, Paolo, Kohli, Rohan, Kumar, Saurabh, Kim, Joseph, Sankar, Swetha, Shah, Vineet, Ramachandruni, Lakshmi, Zeng, Xiangkai, Bariach, Ben, Weidinger, Laura, Vu, Tu, Andreev, Alek, He, Antoine, Hui, Kevin, Kashem, Sheleem, Subramanya, Amar, Hsiao, Sissie, Hassabis, Demis, Kavukcuoglu, Koray, Sadovsky, Adam, Le, Quoc, Strohman, Trevor, Wu, Yonghui, Petrov, Slav, Dean, Jeffrey, and Vinyals, Oriol

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

This report introduces a new family of multimodal models, Gemini, that exhibit remarkable capabilities across image, audio, video, and text understanding. The Gemini family consists of Ultra, Pro, and Nano sizes, suitable for applications ranging from complex reasoning tasks to on-device memory-constrained use-cases. Evaluation on a broad range of benchmarks shows that our most-capable Gemini Ultra model advances the state of the art in 30 of 32 of these benchmarks - notably being the first model to achieve human-expert performance on the well-studied exam benchmark MMLU, and improving the state of the art in every one of the 20 multimodal benchmarks we examined. We believe that the new capabilities of the Gemini family in cross-modal reasoning and language understanding will enable a wide variety of use cases. We discuss our approach toward post-training and deploying Gemini models responsibly to users through services including Gemini, Gemini Advanced, Google AI Studio, and Cloud Vertex AI.

Published
2023

23. matvis: A matrix-based visibility simulator for fast forward modelling of many-element 21 cm arrays

Author

Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Murray, Steven G., Garsden, Hugh, Bull, Philip, Cain, Christopher, Parsons, Aaron R., Sipple, Jackson, Abdurashidova, Zara, Adams, Tyrone, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Baartman, Rushelle, Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Berkhout, Lindsay M., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steven, Carilli, Chris L., Chen, Kai-Feng, Cheng, Carina, Choudhuri, Samir, DeBoer, David R., Acedo, Eloy de Lera, Dexter, Matt, Dillon, Joshua S., Dynes, Scott, Eksteen, Nico, Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steven R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Gehlot, Bharat Kumar, Ghosh, Abhik, Glendenning, Brian, Gorce, Adelie, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Hickish, Jack, Huang, Tian, Jacobs, Daniel C., Josaitis, Alec, Julius, Austin, Kariseb, MacCalvin, Kern, Nicholas S., Kerrigan, Joshua, Kim, Honggeun, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Liu, Adrian, Loots, Anita, Ma, Yin-Zhe, MacMahon, David H. E., Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Malgas, Keith, Marero, Bradley, Martinot, Zachary E., Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Neben, Abraham R., Nikolic, Bojan, Nunhokee, Chuneeta Devi, Nuwegeld, Hans, Pascua, Robert, Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, Qin, Yuxiang, Rath, Eleanor, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Riley, Daniel, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Santos, Mario G., Sims, Peter, Singh, Saurabh, Storer, Dara, Swarts, Hilton, Tan, Jianrong, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, van Wyngaarden, Pieter, Williams, Peter K. G., Xu, Zhilei, and Zheng, Haoxuan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Detection of the faint 21 cm line emission from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionisation will require not only exquisite control over instrumental calibration and systematics to achieve the necessary dynamic range of observations but also validation of analysis techniques to demonstrate their statistical properties and signal loss characteristics. A key ingredient in achieving this is the ability to perform high-fidelity simulations of the kinds of data that are produced by the large, many-element, radio interferometric arrays that have been purpose-built for these studies. The large scale of these arrays presents a computational challenge, as one must simulate a detailed sky and instrumental model across many hundreds of frequency channels, thousands of time samples, and tens of thousands of baselines for arrays with hundreds of antennas. In this paper, we present a fast matrix-based method for simulating radio interferometric measurements (visibilities) at the necessary scale. We achieve this through judicious use of primary beam interpolation, fast approximations for coordinate transforms, and a vectorised outer product to expand per-antenna quantities to per-baseline visibilities, coupled with standard parallelisation techniques. We validate the results of this method, implemented in the publicly-available matvis code, against a high-precision reference simulator, and explore its computational scaling on a variety of problems., Comment: 25 pages, 20 figures, submitted to RAS Techniques and Instruments, matvis is publicly available at https://github.com/HERA-Team/matvis

Published
2023

24. Bayesian estimation of cross-coupling and reflection systematics in 21cm array visibility data

Author

Murphy, Geoff G., Bull, Philip, Santos, Mario G., Abdurashidova, Zara, Adams, Tyrone, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Baartman, Rushelle, Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee, Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Burba, Jacob, Cain, Christopher, Carey, Steven, Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Acedo, Eloy de Lera, Dexter, Matt, Dillon, Joshua S., Eksteen, Nico, Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steven R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Glendenning, Brian, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kariseb, MacCalvin, Kern, Nicholas S., Kerrigan, Joshua, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Liu, Adrian, Loots, Anita, MacMahon, David Harold Edward, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Malgas, Keith, Marero, Bradley, Martinot, Zachary E., Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Murray, Steven G., Neben, Abraham R., Nikolic, Bojan, Nuwegeld, Hans, Parsons, Aaron R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Sims, Peter, Sipple, Jackson, Smith, Craig, Swarts, Hilton, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, van Wyngaarden, Pieter, Williams, Peter K. G., and Zheng, Haoxuan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations with radio arrays that target the 21-cm signal originating from the early Universe suffer from a variety of systematic effects. An important class of these are reflections and spurious couplings between antennas. We apply a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler to the modelling and mitigation of these systematics in simulated Hydrogen Epoch of Reionisation Array (HERA) data. This method allows us to form statistical uncertainty estimates for both our models and the recovered visibilities, which is an important ingredient in establishing robust upper limits on the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) power spectrum. In cases where the noise is large compared to the EoR signal, this approach can constrain the systematics well enough to mitigate them down to the noise level for both systematics studied. Where the noise is smaller than the EoR, our modelling can mitigate the majority of the reflections with there being only a minor level of residual systematics, while cross-coupling sees essentially complete mitigation. Our approach performs similarly to existing filtering/fitting techniques used in the HERA pipeline, but with the added benefit of rigorously propagating uncertainties. In all cases it does not significantly attenuate the underlying signal., Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, submitted to MNRAS

Published
2023

30. Direct Optimal Mapping Image Power Spectrum and its Window Functions

Author

Xu, Zhilei, Kim, Honggeun, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Chen, Kai-Feng, Kern, Nicholas S., Rath, Eleanor, Byrne, Ruby, Gorce, Adélie, Pascua, Robert, Martinot, Zachary E., Dillon, Joshua S., Hazelton, Bryna J., Liu, Adrian, Morales, Miguel F., Abdurashidova, Zara, Adams, Tyrone, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Baartman, Rushelle, Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Bull, Philip, Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steven, Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Acedo, Eloy de Lera, Dexter, Matt, Eksteen, Nico, Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steven R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Glendenning, Brian, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kariseb, MacCalvin, Kerrigan, Joshua, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Loots, Anita, MacMahon, David Harold Edward, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Malgas, Keith, Marero, Bradley, Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Murray, Steven G., Neben, Abraham R., Nikolic, Bojan, Nuwegeld, Hans, Parsons, Aaron R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Sims, Peter, Smith, Craig, Swarts, Hilton, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, van Wyngaarden, Pieter, Williams, Peter K. G., and Zheng, Haoxuan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The key to detecting neutral hydrogen during the epoch of reionization (EoR) is to separate the cosmological signal from the dominating foreground radiation. We developed direct optimal mapping (DOM) to map interferometric visibilities; it contains only linear operations, with full knowledge of point spread functions from visibilities to images. Here, we demonstrate a fast Fourier transform-based image power spectrum and its window functions computed from the DOM images. We use noiseless simulation, based on the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array Phase I configuration, to study the image power spectrum properties. The window functions show $<10^{-11}$ of the integrated power leaks from the foreground-dominated region into the EoR window; the 2D and 1D power spectra also verify the separation between the foregrounds and the EoR., Comment: Published in ApJ

Published
2023

31. Agent-based Modelling of Credit Card Promotions

Author

Hamill, Conor B., Khraishi, Raad, Gherghel, Simona, Lawrence, Jerrard, Mercuri, Salvatore, Okhrati, Ramin, and Cowan, Greig A.

Subjects
Computer Science - Multiagent Systems, Economics - General Economics
Abstract

Interest-free promotions are a prevalent strategy employed by credit card lenders to attract new customers, yet the research exploring their effects on both consumers and lenders remains relatively sparse. The process of selecting an optimal promotion strategy is intricate, involving the determination of an interest-free period duration and promotion-availability window, all within the context of competing offers, fluctuating market dynamics, and complex consumer behaviour. In this paper, we introduce an agent-based model that facilitates the exploration of various credit card promotions under diverse market scenarios. Our approach, distinct from previous agent-based models, concentrates on optimising promotion strategies and is calibrated using benchmarks from the UK credit card market from 2019 to 2020, with agent properties derived from historical distributions of the UK population from roughly the same period. We validate our model against stylised facts and time-series data, thereby demonstrating the value of this technique for investigating pricing strategies and understanding credit card customer behaviour. Our experiments reveal that, in the absence of competitor promotions, lender profit is maximised by an interest-free duration of approximately 12 months while market share is maximised by offering the longest duration possible. When competitors do not offer promotions, extended promotion availability windows yield maximum profit for lenders while also maximising market share. In the context of concurrent interest-free promotions, we identify that the optimal lender strategy entails offering a more competitive interest-free period and a rapid response to competing promotional offers. Notably, a delay of three months in responding to a rival promotion corresponds to a 2.4% relative decline in income.

Published
2023

32. Unmasking Biases and Navigating Pitfalls in the Ophthalmic Artificial Intelligence Lifecycle: A Review

Author

Nakayama, Luis Filipe, Matos, João, Quion, Justin, Novaes, Frederico, Mitchell, William Greig, Mwavu, Rogers, Hung, Ju-Yi Ji, Santiago, Alvina Pauline dy, Phanphruk, Warachaya, Cardoso, Jaime S., and Celi, Leo Anthony

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

Over the past two decades, exponential growth in data availability, computational power, and newly available modeling techniques has led to an expansion in interest, investment, and research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. Ophthalmology is one of many fields that seek to benefit from AI given the advent of telemedicine screening programs and the use of ancillary imaging. However, before AI can be widely deployed, further work must be done to avoid the pitfalls within the AI lifecycle. This review article breaks down the AI lifecycle into seven steps: data collection; defining the model task; data pre-processing and labeling; model development; model evaluation and validation; deployment; and finally, post-deployment evaluation, monitoring, and system recalibration and delves into the risks for harm at each step and strategies for mitigating them.

Published
2023

33. Beyond the Global Brain Differences: Intraindividual Variability Differences in 1q21.1 Distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion Carriers.

Author

Boen, Rune, Kaufmann, Tobias, van der Meer, Dennis, Frei, Oleksandr, Agartz, Ingrid, Ames, David, Andersson, Micael, Armstrong, Nicola, Artiges, Eric, Atkins, Joshua, Bauer, Jochen, Benedetti, Francesco, Boomsma, Dorret, Brodaty, Henry, Brosch, Katharina, Buckner, Randy, Cairns, Murray, Calhoun, Vince, Caspers, Svenja, Cichon, Sven, Corvin, Aiden, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Dannlowski, Udo, David, Friederike, de Geus, Eco, de Zubicaray, Greig, Desrivières, Sylvane, Doherty, Joanne, Donohoe, Gary, Ehrlich, Stefan, Eising, Else, Espeseth, Thomas, Fisher, Simon, Forstner, Andreas, Fortaner-Uyà, Lidia, Frouin, Vincent, Fukunaga, Masaki, Ge, Tian, Glahn, David, Goltermann, Janik, Grabe, Hans, Green, Melissa, Groenewold, Nynke, Grotegerd, Dominik, Grøntvedt, Gøril, Hahn, Tim, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hehir-Kwa, Jayne, Henskens, Frans, Holmes, Avram, Håberg, Asta, Haavik, Jan, Jacquemont, Sebastien, Jansen, Andreas, Jockwitz, Christiane, Jönsson, Erik, Kikuchi, Masataka, Kircher, Tilo, Kumar, Kuldeep, Le Hellard, Stephanie, Leu, Costin, Linden, David, Liu, Jingyu, Loughnan, Robert, Mather, Karen, McMahon, Katie, McRae, Allan, Medland, Sarah, Meinert, Susanne, Moreau, Clara, Morris, Derek, Mowry, Bryan, Mühleisen, Thomas, Nenadić, Igor, Nöthen, Markus, Nyberg, Lars, Ophoff, Roel, Owen, Michael, Pantelis, Christos, Paolini, Marco, Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Persson, Karin, Quidé, Yann, Marques, Tiago, Sachdev, Perminder, Sando, Sigrid, Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney, Selbæk, Geir, Shumskaya, Elena, Silva, Ana, Sisodiya, Sanjay, Stein, Frederike, Stein, Dan, Straube, Benjamin, Streit, Fabian, Strike, Lachlan, Teumer, Alexander, and Teutenberg, Lea

Subjects
15q11.2 BP1-BP2, 1q21.1 distal, Brain structure, Copy number variants, Intraindividual variability, Magnetic resonance imaging, Humans, Chromosome Deletion, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Abnormalities, Multiple, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15, DNA Copy Number Variations
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and global brain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a global difference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regional differences beyond global differences in brain structure. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n = 30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matched noncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individuals regional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the global difference. RESULTS: For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thickness in regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal and somatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS: We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in altered neurodevelopment.

Published
2024

35. Standards for clinical trials for treating TB.

Author

du Cros, P, Greig, J, Alffenaar, J-W, Cross, G, Cousins, C, Berry, C, Khan, U, Phillips, P, Velásquez, G, Furin, J, Spigelman, M, Denholm, J, Thi, S, Tiberi, S, Huang, G, Marks, G, Turkova, A, Guglielmetti, L, Chew, K, Nguyen, H, Ong, C, Brigden, G, Singh, K, Motta, I, Lange, C, Seddon, J, Nyangwa, B-T, Maug, A, Gler, M, Dooley, K, Quelapio, M, Tsogt, B, Menzies, D, Cox, V, Upton, C, Skrahina, A, McKenna, L, Horsburgh, C, Dheda, K, and Marais, B

Subjects
Humans, Biological Specimen Banks, Tuberculosis, Clinical Trials as Topic
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The value, speed of completion and robustness of the evidence generated by TB treatment trials could be improved by implementing standards for best practice.METHODS: A global panel of experts participated in a Delphi process, using a 7-point Likert scale to score and revise draft standards until consensus was reached.RESULTS: Eleven standards were defined: Standard 1, high quality data on TB regimens are essential to inform clinical and programmatic management; Standard 2, the research questions addressed by TB trials should be relevant to affected communities, who should be included in all trial stages; Standard 3, trials should make every effort to be as inclusive as possible; Standard 4, the most efficient trial designs should be considered to improve the evidence base as quickly and cost effectively as possible, without compromising quality; Standard 5, trial governance should be in line with accepted good clinical practice; Standard 6, trials should investigate and report strategies that promote optimal engagement in care; Standard 7, where possible, TB trials should include pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic components; Standard 8, outcomes should include frequency of disease recurrence and post-treatment sequelae; Standard 9, TB trials should aim to harmonise key outcomes and data structures across studies; Standard 10, TB trials should include biobanking; Standard 11, treatment trials should invest in capacity strengthening of local trial and TB programme staff.CONCLUSION: These standards should improve the efficiency and effectiveness of evidence generation, as well as the translation of research into policy and practice.

Published
2023

36. Impact of photobleaching on quantitative, spatio-temporal, super-resolution imaging of mitochondria in live C. elegans larvae

Author

Segos Ioannis, Van Eeckhoven Jens, Greig Alan, Redd Michael, Thrasivoulou Christopher, and Conradt Barbara

Subjects
Medical technology, R855-855.5, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Abstract Super-resolution (SR) 3D rendering allows superior quantitative analysis of intracellular structures but has largely been limited to fixed or ex vivo samples. Here we developed a method to perform SR live imaging of mitochondria during post-embryonic development of C. elegans larvae. Our workflow includes the drug-free mechanical immobilisation of animals using polystyrene nanobeads, which has previously not been used for in vivo SR imaging. Based on the alignment of moving objects and global threshold-based image segmentation, our method enables an efficient 3D reconstruction of individual mitochondria. We demonstrate for the first time that the frequency distribution of fluorescence intensities is not affected by photobleaching, and that global thresholding alone enables the quantitative comparison of mitochondria along timeseries. Our composite approach significantly improves the study of biological structures and processes in SR during C. elegans post-embryonic development. Furthermore, the discovery that image segmentation does not require any prior correction against photobleaching, a fundamental problem in fluorescence microscopy, will impact experimental strategies aimed at quantitatively studying the dynamics of organelles and other intracellular compartments in any biological system.

Published
2024
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37. Temporary mitigation off-ramps could help manage decarbonization headwinds

Author

Sam Uden and Chris Greig

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Compressing global energy and industrial system decarbonization into less than three decades creates unique social, technical, financial and political risks. Here we introduce ‘off-ramps’ as one potential approach to manage these whilst still driving rapid emissions reductions.

Published
2024
Full Text
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38. Continuous quality improvement in a community-wide TB screening and prevention programme in Papua New Guinea

Author

N.P. Pank, A. Aung, G. Kama, A. Murray, K.L. Huang, J. Greig, M. Bauri, G. Chan, C. Masah, K. Kaison, S. Umali, T. Peter, C. Wera, C. Velaki, M. Ase, I. Krangaie, R. Viru, T. Kurumop, T. Keam, S. Islam, W. Pomat, A. Maha, M. Boga, M. Kal, N. Wuatai, S.M. Graham, S.S. Majumdar, and T. Marukutira

Subjects
continuous quality improvement, tb, community, pdsa framework, Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999
Abstract

SETTING: Daru Island in Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a high prevalence of TB and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early implementation of a community-wide project to detect and treat TB disease and infection, outline the decision-making processes, and change the model of care. DESIGN: A continuous quality improvement (CQI) initiative used a plan-do-study-act (PDSA) framework for prospective implementation. Care cascades were analysed for case detection, treatment, and TB preventive treatment (TPT) initiation. RESULTS: Of 3,263 people screened for TB between June and December 2023, 13.7% (447/3,263) screened positive (CAD4TB or symptoms), 77.9% (348/447) had Xpert Ultra testing, 6.9% (24/348) were diagnosed with TB and all initiated treatment. For 5–34-year-olds without active TB (n = 1,928), 82.0% (1,581/1,928) had tuberculin skin testing (TST), 96.1% (1,519/1,581) had TST read, 23.0% (350/1,519) were TST-positive, 95.4% (334/350) were TPT eligible, and 78.7% (263/334) initiated TPT. Three PDSA review cycles informed adjustments to the model of care, including CAD4TB threshold and TPT criteria. Key challenges identified were meeting screening targets, sputum unavailability from asymptomatic individuals with high CAD4TB scores, and consumable stock-outs. CONCLUSION: CQI improved project implementation by increasing the detection of TB disease and infection and accelerating the pace of screening needed to achieve timely community-wide coverage.

Published
2024
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39. Loss to follow-up among adults with drug-resistant TB in Papua New Guinea

Author

F. Charles, Y.D. Lin, J. Greig, S. Gurra, R. Morikawa, S.M. Graham, and A. Maha

Subjects
treatment outcomes, pre-treatment, bedaquiline, png, ltfu, tuberculosis, dr-tb, Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999
Abstract

SETTING: Multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) is now endemic in the National Capital District (NCD), Papua New Guinea. Loss to follow-up (LTFU) is a challenge. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and identify risk factors for LTFU, including pre-treatment LTFU, in adults with MDR/RR-TB at Port Moresby General Hospital (PMGH). DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of treatment initiation in adults diagnosed with MDR/RR-TB (2018–2022) and outcomes for a cohort treated for MDR/RR-TB (2014-2019). We assessed the factors associated with LTFU using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 95 patients diagnosed with MDR/RR-TB at PMGH from 2018 to 2022, 21 (22%) were lost to follow-up before treatment. Of the 658 adults who initiated treatment for MDR/RR-TB at PMGH from 2014 to 2019, 161 (24%) were lost to follow-up during treatment. A higher proportion of patients on injectable-containing long regimens (110/404, 27%) were lost to follow-up than those on the all-oral regimen containing bedaquiline (13/66, 12%). Treatment loss to follow-up was associated with age (35–54 years age group: aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32–0.77; 55–75 years age group: aOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19–0.90; compared to the 15–34 years age group), residence outside of NCD (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.04–3.06), and year of treatment initiation. CONCLUSION: Pre-treatment LTFU requires programmatic focus. Shorter oral regimens and decentralised services may address the reasons for higher LTFU in younger people and people living outside NCD.

Published
2024
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40. TB burden and diagnostic challenges at Sandaun Provincial Hospital in West Sepik Province of PNG, 2016–2021

Author

S. Bita, T. Kelebi, A. Holmes, S. Vaccher, S.S. Majumdar, and J. Greig

Subjects
tuberculosis diagnosis, bacteriological confirmation, xpert mtb/rif assay, Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999
Abstract

SETTING: Bacteriological confirmation of TB diagnosis remains a key operational challenge in Papua New Guinea. Sandaun Provincial Hospital (SPH) is the main TB diagnostic and treatment centre of West Sepik Province. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate TB caseload, patient characteristics, and quality of diagnosis at SPH between 2016 and 2021. DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive study using TB treatment, laboratory, and presumptive TB registers to collect data on all TB patients. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with bacteriological confirmation. RESULTS: Of 1,305 TB patients registered, 25% were children (

Published
2024
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41. High rates of unfavourable TB treatment outcomes observed in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea

Author

W. Toua, V. Lape, J.W. Bolnga, M. Daimen, T. Kelebi, S. Vaccher, and J. Greig

Subjects
loss to follow-up, tuberculosis, png, Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999
Abstract

SETTING: Madang Province is located on the northern coast of Papua New Guinea (PNG), a critical mixing point between the populous highlands and more remote regions. Madang Province faces challenges with limited capacity to diagnose and treat TB. OBJECTIVE: To describe the TB caseload and investigate factors associated with known unfavourable treatment outcomes. DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected TB programmatic data for treatments commenced 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021. Using multivariable logistic regression, factors associated with known unfavourable treatment outcomes—death, failure after treatment, and loss to follow-up (LTFU)—were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 4,668 registered and treated, 3,755 had an evaluated outcome, and 33% had unfavourable outcomes, most commonly LTFU (23%). Unfavourable treatment outcomes were significantly associated with HIV-untested (aOR 2.82 compared to HIV-negative; 95% CI 2.39–3.33), having drug-resistant TB (aOR 3.26 compared to drug-susceptible TB, 95% CI 1.18–9.00), and travel time to the health facility 1–

Published
2024
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42. A Practical Design and Implementation of a Low Cost Platform for Remote Monitoring of Lower Limb Health of Amputees in the Developing World

Author

Neha Mathur, Greig Paul, James Irvine, Mohamed Abuhelala, Arjan Buis, and Ivan Glesk

Subjects
Accelerometer, e-health, elastomer, extrapolation, gait, Gaussian processes for machine learning (GPML), Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

In many areas of the world accessing professional physicians “when needed/as needed” might not be always possible for a variety of reasons. Therefore, in such cases, a targeted e-Health solution to safeguard patient long-term health could be a meaningful approach. Today's modern healthcare technologies, often built around electronic and computer-based equipment, require an access to a reliable electricity supply. Many healthcare technologies and products also presume access to the high speed internet is available, making them unsuitable for use in areas where there is no fixed-line internet connectivity, access is slow, unreliable, and expensive, yet where the most benefit to patients may be gained. In this paper, a full mobile sensor platform is presented, based around readily-purchased consumer components, to facilitate a low cost and efficient means of monitoring the health of patients with prosthetic lower limbs. This platform is designed such that it can also be operated in a standalone mode, i.e., in the absence of internet connectivity, thereby making it suitable to the developing world. Also, to counter the challenge of power supply issues in e-Health monitoring, a self-contained rechargeable solution to the platform is proposed and demonstrated. The platform works with an Android mobile device, in order to allow for the capture of data from a wireless sensor unit, and to give the clinician access to results from the sensors. The results from the analysis, carried out within the platform's Raspberry Pi Zero, are demonstrated to be of use for remote monitoring. This is specifically targeted for monitoring the tissue health of lower limb amputees. The monitoring of residual limb temperature and gait can be a useful indicator of tissue viability in lower limb amputees especially those suffering from diabetes. We describe a route wherein non-invasive monitoring of tissue health is achievable using the Gaussian process technique. This knowledge will be useful in establishing biomarkers related to a possible deterioration in a patient's health or for assessing the impact of clinical interventions.

Published
2016
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43. Preventing Image-Based Sexual Coercion, Harassment and Abuse among Teenagers: Girls Deconstruct Sexting-Related Harm Prevention Messages

Author

Nicola Gavey, April Wech, Pearl Hindley, Brandee Thorburn, Grace Single, Octavia Calder-Dawe, and Paulette Benton-Greig

Abstract

This paper explores teenage girls' responses to general advice, and formal prevention messages, designed to reduce sexting-related risk and prevent harm. We conducted workshops with seven groups of girls (28 in total), aged 16-17 years, in a New Zealand city. Each group participated in a series of three workshop sessions. Drawing on a Freirean 'problem-posing' approach, we designed the workshops as spaces in which girls were invited to observe and critically discuss norms related to sharing nudes as well as harm prevention messages. Girls noticed the problematic gender and sexual politics that shape abstinence-based models that target girls (implicitly) to not send nudes, but which leave boys who distribute or otherwise misuse them out of the picture. Participants navigated a careful path between attending to risk and protection on the one hand, and endorsing their right to freedom of expression on the other. We argue for a subtle, but significant, shift away from a focus on sexting safety to a focus on the prevention of image-based sexual coercion, harassment and abuse. This reframing would help to direct prevention efforts to the gendered drivers and dynamics of harm perpetration, and the ways in which they are problematically socially ignored or condoned.

Published
2024
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45. Proximal Femur Replacements for an Oncologic Indication Offer a Durable Endoprosthetic Reconstruction Option: A 40-year Experience.

Author

Trikha, Rishi, Greig, Danielle, Olson, Thomas, Kendal, Joseph, Geiger, Erik, Wessel, Lauren, Eckardt, Jeffrey, and Bernthal, Nicholas

Subjects
Humans, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Prosthesis Design, Treatment Outcome, Femur, Prosthesis Failure, Limb Salvage, Reoperation, Neoplasms, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Proximal femur replacements (PFRs) are an effective surgical option to treat primary and metastatic tumors causing large bony defects in the proximal femur. Given the relative rarity of these indications, current studies on PFR for oncologic indications are generally limited by patient volume or relatively short-term follow-up. Because recent advances in systemic therapy have improved the prognosis of patients who undergo limb salvage surgery for musculoskeletal tumors, data on the long-term durability of endoprosthetic reconstructions have become increasingly important. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) How does the long-term survival of cemented bipolar PFRs compare with patient survival in patients who underwent PFR for benign, aggressive, and metastatic tumors? (2) What are common reasons for revisions of primary PFRs? (3) Which factors are associated with survival of primary PFRs? (4) What is the survivorship free from conversion of bipolar PFRs to THA? METHODS: Between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2020, we treated 812 patients with an endoprosthetic reconstruction for an oncologic indication. All patients who underwent a primary PFR for an oncologic indication were included in this study. The study cohort consisted of 122 patients receiving a primary PFR. Eighteen patients did not reach a censored endpoint such as death, revision, or amputation within 2 years. Thirty-three patients died within 2 years of their surgery. Of the 122 patients with primary PFRs, 39 did not reach a censored endpoint and have not been seen within the past 5 years. However, the mean follow-up time for these patients was longer than 10 years. The Social Security Death Index was queried to identify any patients who may have died but might not have been captured by our database To allow for adequate follow-up, endoprosthetic reconstructions performed after December 31, 2020 were excluded. The mean age at the time of the index surgery was 48 ± 22 years. The mean follow-up time of surviving patients was 7 ± 8 years. All PFRs were performed using a bipolar hemiarthroplasty with a cemented stem, and all implants were considered comparable. Demographic, oncologic, procedural, and outcome data including prosthesis survival, patient survival, complication rates, and rates of conversion to THA were analyzed. Patient, prosthesis, and limb salvage survival rates were generated, with implant revision as the endpoint and death as a competing risk. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. RESULTS: Generally, patients with benign or low-grade (Stage I) disease outlived their implants (100% patient survival through 30 years; p = 0.02), whereas the opposite was true in patients with high-grade, localized Stage II disease (64% patient survival at 5 years [95% CI 49% to 76%]; p = 0.001) or widespread Stage III metastatic disease (6.2% patient survival at 5 years [95% CI 0.5% to 24%]; p < 0.001). Primary PFR implant survival at 5, 10, 20, and 30 years was 97% (95% CI 90% to 99%), 81% (95% CI 67% to 90%), 69% (95% CI 46% to 84%), and 51% (95% CI 24% to 73%), respectively. Eight percent (10 of 122) of primary PFRs were revised for any reason. The most common causes of revision were aseptic loosening (3% [four of 122]), infection (3% [three of 122]), breakage of the implant (2% [two of 122]), and tumor progression (1% [one of 122]). Follow-up time was the only factor that was associated with revision of primary PFRs. Neither segment length nor stem length were associated with revision of primary. Six percent (seven of 122) of PFRs were converted to THA at a mean 15 ± 8 years from the index procedure. Survivorship free from conversion to THA (accounting for death as a competing risk) was 94% (95% CI 85% to 99%), 86% (95% CI 68% to 94%). and 77% (95% CI 51% to 91%) at 10, 20, and 30 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cemented bipolar PFRs for an oncologic indication are a relatively durable reconstruction technique. Given the relative longevity and efficacy of PFRs demonstrated in our study, especially in patients with high-grade or metastatic disease where implant survival until all-cause revision was longer than patient survival, surgeons should continue to seriously consider PFRs in appropriate patients. The relative rarity of these reconstructions limits the number of patients in this study as well as in current research; thus, further multi-institutional collaborations are needed to provide the most accurate prognostic data for our patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study.

Published
2023

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