45 results on '"Greijdanus, Hedy"'
Search Results
2. From Moderate Action to Radical Protest Intentions: Disentangling Social-Identity-Based Models Predicting Political Violence
- Author
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Greijdanus, Hedy, Panerati, Sara, Postmes, Tom, and Spears, Russell
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Political violence -- Models -- Social aspects -- Political aspects -- Demonstrations and protests -- Analysis ,Political science ,Social sciences - Abstract
We examine how anti-Trump democrats (N=460), prior to the 2020 election, managed their options to protest, focusing on when moderate collective action predicts more radical intentions to protest. We investigate the relationship of moderate action involvement and effectiveness with radical action intentions and the effects of various other variables such as intergroup emotions, group identification, and political vs. participative efficacy. Although moderate action involvement is correlated with radical intentions, the effectiveness of moderate action is negatively related to radical intentions. Analogously, while political efficacy positively predicts radical action, participative efficacy negatively predicts radical action, both with increasing moderate action experience. Social-identity-based collective action models explain this radical use of political violence as protest (e.g., ESIM) and the counteracting effect of efficacy forms (SIDE, NTL). Keywords: collective action, participative efficacy, political efficacy, political violence, radicalization, social identity, The prevalence of collective action has prompted increased interest among researchers in understanding this phenomenon and the forms it can take (Morgan and Chan 2016; Postmes and Brunsting 2002; Reicher [...]
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- 2023
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3. Large-scale cross-societal examination of real- and minimal-group biases
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Yang, Xin, primary, Schulz, Jonathan Friedemann, additional, Schmidt, Kathleen, additional, Kenny, Adam R, additional, Pfuhl, Gerit, additional, Gjoneska, Biljana, additional, Dalgar, Ilker, additional, Lewis, Savannah C, additional, Exner, Anna, additional, Lander, Karen, additional, Becker, Maja, additional, Du, Hongfei, additional, Johri, Akshay, additional, Selcuk, Emre, additional, Gallyamova, Albina, additional, Calluso, Cinzia, additional, Reggev, Niv, additional, Vranka, Marek Albert, additional, Acar, Oguz A., additional, Palma, Tomás A, additional, kocur, miroslaw, additional, Oliveros, Juan C., additional, Montefinese, Maria, additional, Wilton, Leigh Solano, additional, Zdybek, Przemysław, additional, Pfattheicher, Stefan, additional, Akkas, Handan, additional, Autin, Frederique, additional, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, additional, Janssen, Steve M. J., additional, March, David Scott, additional, Young, Danielle Magan, additional, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, additional, Tasbas, Esra H. Oguz, additional, Bukun, Mehmet Fatih, additional, Giammusso, Isabella, additional, Brandt, Mark John, additional, Stewart, Suzanne, additional, Couto, Cleno, additional, Simon, Derek, additional, Cutler, Jo, additional, Prokosch, Marjorie L., additional, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, additional, Manunta, Efisio, additional, Whyte, Stephen, additional, Marsh, Abigail, additional, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, additional, Jaeger, Bastian, additional, Morvinski, Coby, additional, Primbs, Maximilian, additional, Akil, Atakan M., additional, Kapoor, Hansika, additional, Barzykowski, Krystian, additional, Ghai, Sakshi, additional, Moreau, David, additional, Seehuus, Martin, additional, Kowal, Marta, additional, Evans, Thomas Rhys, additional, Hill, Kimberley, additional, Calvillo, Dustin P, additional, Wiechert, Sera, additional, Afhami, Reza, additional, Hoyer, Karlijn, additional, Korbmacher, Max, additional, Elbaek, Christian T., additional, Alsuhaibani, Zainab, additional, Pronizius, Ekaterina, additional, Cui, Qianqain, additional, Cundiff, Jenny, additional, Taghipanahi, Alireza, additional, Bjornsdottir, R. Thora, additional, Baskin, Ernest, additional, Ergiyen, Tolga, additional, Metin-Orta, Irem, additional, Collins, W. Matthew, additional, Bø, Simen, additional, Marinucci, Marco, additional, Baker, Bradley James, additional, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, additional, Anne, Michele, additional, Standage, Martyn, additional, Tullett, Alexa Mary, additional, Milfont, Taciano L, additional, Flynn, Francis, additional, Zidkova, Radka, additional, Ruiz-Fernandez, Susana, additional, Sachs, Tobias, additional, Bilancini, Ennio, additional, Verheyen, Steven, additional, Massoni, Sébastien, additional, Wen, Jiahui, additional, Camargo, Andrés, additional, Wang, Yilin Andre, additional, Zhou, Steven, additional, Peetz, Hannah Katharina, additional, Grigoryev, Dmitry, additional, Ghasemi, Omid, additional, Westgate, Erin Corwin, additional, Goh, Jin X., additional, Sutherland, Clare, additional, Boucher, Leanne, additional, Grigoryan, Lusine, additional, Paltoglou, Aspa, additional, Al-Hoorie, Ali H., additional, Sacco, Donald F., additional, Thomas, Andrew G., additional, Haeffel, Gerald, additional, Davis, William E., additional, Mandalaywala, Tara M, additional, Cruz, Francisco, additional, Ross, Robert M, additional, Jiang, Xiaoming, additional, Studzinska, Anna, additional, Dumbravă, Andrei, additional, Misiak, Michał, additional, Tran, Ulrich S., additional, Felisberti, Fatima Maria, additional, Nagy, Tamas, additional, Gunaydin, Gul, additional, Buchanan, Erin Michelle, additional, Miranda, Jacob Francisco, additional, Behnke, Maciej, additional, Akin, Karen, additional, Berkessel, Jana, additional, Johnson, David Charles, additional, Morariu, Roxana E., additional, Wu, Yang, additional, Godbersen, Hendrik, additional, Edlund, John, additional, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie, additional, Martin, Doug, additional, Salvador, Cristina, additional, Norman, Jasmine B, additional, Batres, Carlota, additional, Kutuk, Bahtim, additional, Szumowska, Ewa, additional, Storage, Daniel, additional, Bouguettaya, Ayoub, additional, Lins, Samuel, additional, Voracek, Martin, additional, Trémolière, Bastien, additional, Cyrus-Lai, Wilson, additional, Alzahawi, Shilaan, additional, Tavel, Petr, additional, Anderson, Leif Douglas, additional, Röer, Jan Philipp, additional, Malinakova, Klara, additional, KARABABA, Alper, additional, Walczak, Radoslaw B., additional, Ribeiro, Gianni, additional, Sarı, Erkin, additional, Pypno, Katarzyna, additional, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, additional, Travaglino, Giovanni A., additional, Neta, Maital, additional, Vaidis, David C., additional, Lu, Jackson G., additional, Tatachari, Srinivasan, additional, Camgöz, Selin Metin, additional, Lockwood, Patricia, additional, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, additional, Lin, Wenzheng, additional, Rathje, Steve, additional, van Lent, Tjits, additional, Greijdanus, Hedy, additional, Faure, Ruddy, additional, Lamm, Claus, additional, Brick, Cameron, additional, Zhao, Xian, additional, Aquino, Sibele Dias, additional, Ulloa Fulgeri, Jose Luis, additional, Walker, Bradley, additional, Malecki, W. P., additional, Lou, Nigel Mantou, additional, Pizziol, Veronica, additional, Kuzminska, Anna O., additional, Schepisi, Michael, additional, Adıgüzel, Arca, additional, Karadeniz, Gizem, additional, Yücel, Emine, additional, Isloi, Chris, additional, Chwiłkowska, Patrycja, additional, Yu, Zhaoliang, additional, Fay, Nicolas, additional, Papaioannou, Kostas, additional, Peker, Mhmet, additional, Huang, Guanxiong, additional, El-Haddad, Rita W., additional, Verschuere, Bruno, additional, Meier, Zdenek, additional, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, additional, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, additional, Ciesla, Kylie L, additional, Stieger, Stefan, additional, Çoksan, Sami, additional, Bijlstra, Gijsbert, additional, Alves, Sara Gouveia, additional, Hartanto, Andree, additional, Mallik, Peter Robert, additional, Jami, Waleed, additional, Chen, Rong, additional, Fellnhofer, Katharina, additional, Marcu, Gabriela Mariana, additional, Batalha, Luisa, additional, Kocalar, Halil Emre, additional, Vieira, Luc, additional, Gleibs, Ilka Helene, additional, Sharifian, MohammadHasan, additional, Hadjisolomou, Stavros P., additional, Riva, Paolo, additional, Sirota, Miroslav, additional, Novák, Lukas, additional, Sorokowski, Piotr, additional, Li, Yansong, additional, and Dunham, Yarrow, additional
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- 2024
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4. The psychology of online activism and social movements: relations between online and offline collective action
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Greijdanus, Hedy, de Matos Fernandes, Carlos A, Turner-Zwinkels, Felicity, Honari, Ali, Roos, Carla A, Rosenbusch, Hannes, and Postmes, Tom
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- 2020
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5. From Moderate Action to Radical Protest Intentions
- Author
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Spears, Russell, Greijdanus, Hedy, Panerati, Sara, and Postmes, Tom
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Sociology and Political Science - Abstract
We examine how anti-Trump democrats (N = 460), prior to the 2020 election, managed their options to protest, focusing on when moderate collective action predicts more radical intentions to protest. We investigate the relationship of moderate action involvement and effectiveness with radical action intentions and the effects of various other variables such as intergroup emotions, group identification, and political vs. participative efficacy. Although moderate action involvement is correlated with radical intentions, the effectiveness of moderate action is negatively related to radical intentions. Analogously, while political efficacy positively predicts radical action, participative efficacy negatively predicts radical action, both with increasing moderate action experience. Social-identity-based collective action models explain this radical use of political violence as protest (e.g., ESIM) and the counteracting effect of efficacy forms (SIDE, NTL).
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- 2023
- Full Text
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6. Interventies in de cyclus van online aangejaagd geweld:Inzichten uit een literatuurreview
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Greijdanus, Hedy, Postmes, Tom, Bartelds, Anna, Postma, Laura, de Vries, Sipke, Bantema, Willem, Greijdanus, Hedy, Postmes, Tom, Bartelds, Anna, Postma, Laura, de Vries, Sipke, and Bantema, Willem
- Abstract
Dit rapport behandelt online sociale interacties tussen individuen en groeperingen die uitmonden in escalatie en geweld in de publieke ruimte. Deze literatuurreview is onderdeel van een tweeluik (i.c.m. Bartelds e. a., 2023) door de NHL Stenden Hogeschool en Rijksuniversiteit Groningen voor het Actiecentrum Veiligheid en Zorg (AcVZ) van de regio Amsterdam-Amstelland.
- Published
- 2023
7. Preventie van online aangejaagd geweld:Een praktijkverkenning naar de online werkwijze van jongerenwerkers en politie in Amsterdam Zuid-Oost
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Bartelds, Anna, Postma, Laura, de Vries, Sipke, Greijdanus, Hedy, Bantema, Willem, Bartelds, Anna, Postma, Laura, de Vries, Sipke, Greijdanus, Hedy, and Bantema, Willem
- Abstract
Dit rapport behandelt de preventie van online aangejaagd geweld in de publieke ruimte. Deze praktijkverkenning is onderdeel van een tweeluik (i.c.m. Greijdanus e. a., 2023) door de NHL Stenden Hogeschool en Rijksuniversiteit Groningen voor het Actiecentrum Veiligheid en Zorg (AcVZ) van de regio Amsterdam-Amstelland.
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- 2023
8. Humour and sexism II (qualitative)
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Greijdanus, Hedy
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FOS: Psychology ,Social Psychology ,Psychology ,Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
Study 2 examining female students' responses to sexism. Full study description, hypotheses and materials are attached.
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- 2022
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9. Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models
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Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, primary, Bosson, Jennifer K., additional, Jurek, Paweł, additional, Besta, Tomasz, additional, Olech, Michał, additional, Vandello, Joseph A., additional, Bender, Michael, additional, Dandy, Justine, additional, Hoorens, Vera, additional, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, additional, Mankowski, Eric, additional, Venäläinen, Satu, additional, Abuhamdeh, Sami, additional, Agyemang, Collins Badu, additional, Akbaş, Gülçin, additional, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, additional, Ammirati, Soline, additional, Anderson, Joel, additional, Anjum, Gulnaz, additional, Ariyanto, Amarina, additional, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., additional, Ashraf, Mujeeba, additional, Bakaitytė, Aistė, additional, Becker, Maja, additional, Bertolli, Chiara, additional, Bërxulli, Dashamir, additional, Best, Deborah L., additional, Bi, Chongzeng, additional, Block, Katharina, additional, Boehnke, Mandy, additional, Bongiorno, Renata, additional, Bosak, Janine, additional, Casini, Annalisa, additional, Chen, Qingwei, additional, Chi, Peilian, additional, Cubela Adoric, Vera, additional, Daalmans, Serena, additional, de Lemus, Soledad, additional, Dhakal, Sandesh, additional, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, additional, Egami, Sonoko, additional, Etchezahar, Edgardo, additional, Esteves, Carla Sofia, additional, Froehlich, Laura, additional, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, additional, Gavreliuc, Alin, additional, Gavreliuc, Dana, additional, Gomez, Ángel, additional, Guizzo, Francesca, additional, Graf, Sylvie, additional, Greijdanus, Hedy, additional, Grigoryan, Ani, additional, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, additional, Guerch, Keltouma, additional, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, additional, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, additional, Hämer, Hannah, additional, Hirai, Mika, additional, Hoang Duc, Lam, additional, Hřebíčková, Martina, additional, Hutchings, Paul B., additional, Jensen, Dorthe Høj, additional, Karabati, Serdar, additional, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, additional, Kengyel, Gabriella, additional, Khachatryan, Narine, additional, Ghazzawi, Rawan, additional, Kinahan, Mary, additional, Kirby, Teri A., additional, Kovacs, Monika, additional, Kozlowski, Desiree, additional, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, additional, Kryś, Kuba, additional, Kulich, Clara, additional, Kurosawa, Tai, additional, Lac An, Nhan Thi, additional, Labarthe-Carrara, Javier, additional, Lauri, Mary Anne, additional, Latu, Ioana, additional, Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, additional, Li, Junyi, additional, Lindner, Jana, additional, Lindqvist, Anna, additional, Maitner, Angela T., additional, Makarova, Elena, additional, Makashvili, Ana, additional, Malayeri, Shera, additional, Malik, Sadia, additional, Mancini, Tiziana, additional, Manzi, Claudia, additional, Mari, Silvia, additional, Martiny, Sarah E., additional, Mayer, Claude-Hélène, additional, Mihić, Vladimir, additional, MiloševićĐorđević, Jasna, additional, Moreno-Bella, Eva, additional, Moscatelli, Silvia, additional, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, additional, Muller, Dominique, additional, Narhetali, Erita, additional, Neto, Félix, additional, Noels, Kimberly A., additional, Nyúl, Boglárka, additional, O’Connor, Emma C., additional, Ochoa, Danielle P., additional, Ohno, Sachiko, additional, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, additional, Osborne, Randall, additional, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, additional, Palacio, Jorge, additional, Patnaik, Snigdha, additional, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, additional, de León, Pablo Pérez, additional, Piterová, Ivana, additional, Porto, Juliana Barreiros, additional, Puzio, Angelica, additional, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, additional, Rentería Pérez, Erico, additional, Renström, Emma, additional, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, additional, Ryan, Michelle K., additional, Safdar, Saba, additional, Sainz, Mario, additional, Salvati, Marco, additional, Samekin, Adil, additional, Schindler, Simon, additional, Sevincer, A. Timur, additional, Seydi, Masoumeh, additional, Shepherd, Debra, additional, Sherbaji, Sara, additional, Schmader, Toni, additional, Simão, Cláudia, additional, Sobhie, Rosita, additional, Sobiecki, Jurand, additional, De Souza, Lucille, additional, Sarter, Emma, additional, Sulejmanović, Dijana, additional, Sullivan, Katie E., additional, Tatsumi, Mariko, additional, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, additional, Thakur, Suparna Jain, additional, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, additional, Torre, Beatriz, additional, Torres, Ana, additional, Torres, Claudio V., additional, Türkoğlu, Beril, additional, Ungaretti, Joaquín, additional, Valshtein, Timothy, additional, Van Laar, Colette, additional, van der Noll, Jolanda, additional, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, additional, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, additional, Vohra, Neharika, additional, Walentynowicz, Marta, additional, Ward, Colleen, additional, Włodarczyk, Anna, additional, Yang, Yaping, additional, Yzerbyt, Vincent, additional, Zanello, Valeska, additional, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, additional, Zawisza, Magdalena, additional, Žukauskienė, Rita, additional, and Żadkowska, Magdalena, additional
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- 2022
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10. Gendered Self-Views across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models
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Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Ryan, Michelle K., Social Psychology, and SOM OB
- Abstract
Social role theory posits that binary sex differences in gendered self-views should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power and labor divisions. Conversely, evolutionary theorists suggest that sex differences in gendered self-views should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ greater autonomy support. Using data from 62 countries (N = 28,640) we examine sex differences in gendered self-views (agency and communality) as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index [GGGI]) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index [PDI]). Findings show patterns that differ by dimension: In more egalitarian countries, sex differences in agency are smaller, and sex differences in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by men’s self-views. We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.
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- 2022
11. Humour Against Binge Drinking During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cartoon-Based Anti-Alcohol Health Campaign Targeting Women-Who-Have-Sex-With-Women
- Author
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Greijdanus, Hedy, primary and van der Voorn, Maaike, additional
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- 2022
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12. Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models
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Kosakowska-Berezecka, N, Bosson, J, Jurek, P, Besta, T, Olech, M, Vandello, J, Bender, M, Dandy, J, Hoorens, V, Jasinskaja-Lahti, I, Mankowski, E, Venäläinen, S, Abuhamdeh, S, Agyemang, C, Akbaş, G, Albayrak-Aydemir, N, Ammirati, S, Anderson, J, Anjum, G, Ariyanto, A, Aruta, J, Ashraf, M, Bakaitytė, A, Becker, M, Bertolli, C, Bërxulli, D, Best, D, Bi, C, Block, K, Boehnke, M, Bongiorno, R, Bosak, J, Casini, A, Chen, Q, Chi, P, Cubela Adoric, V, Daalmans, S, de Lemus, S, Dhakal, S, Dvorianchikov, N, Egami, S, Etchezahar, E, Esteves, C, Froehlich, L, Garcia-Sanchez, E, Gavreliuc, A, Gavreliuc, D, Gomez, Á, Guizzo, F, Graf, S, Greijdanus, H, Grigoryan, A, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, J, Guerch, K, Gustafsson Sendén, M, Hale, M, Hämer, H, Hirai, M, Hoang Duc, L, Hřebíčková, M, Hutchings, P, Jensen, D, Karabati, S, Kelmendi, K, Kengyel, G, Khachatryan, N, Ghazzawi, R, Kinahan, M, Kirby, T, Kovacs, M, Kozlowski, D, Krivoshchekov, V, Kryś, K, Kulich, C, Kurosawa, T, Lac An, N, Labarthe-Carrara, J, Lauri, M, Latu, I, Lawal, A, Li, J, Lindner, J, Lindqvist, A, Maitner, A, Makarova, E, Makashvili, A, Malayeri, S, Malik, S, Mancini, T, Manzi, C, Mari, S, Martiny, S, Mayer, C, Mihić, V, Miloševićđorđević, J, Moreno-Bella, E, Moscatelli, S, Moynihan, A, Muller, D, Narhetali, E, Neto, F, Noels, K, Nyúl, B, O’Connor, E, Ochoa, D, Ohno, S, Olanrewaju Adebayo, S, Osborne, R, Pacilli, M, Palacio, J, Patnaik, S, Pavlopoulos, V, de León, P, Piterová, I, Porto, J, Puzio, A, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J, Rentería Pérez, E, Renström, E, Rousseaux, T, Ryan, M, Safdar, S, Sainz, M, Salvati, M, Samekin, A, Schindler, S, Sevincer, A, Seydi, M, Shepherd, D, Sherbaji, S, Schmader, T, Simão, C, Sobhie, R, Sobiecki, J, De Souza, L, Sarter, E, Sulejmanović, D, Sullivan, K, Tatsumi, M, Tavitian-Elmadjian, L, Thakur, S, Thi Mong Chi, Q, Torre, B, Torres, A, Torres, C, Türkoğlu, B, Ungaretti, J, Valshtein, T, Van Laar, C, van der Noll, J, Vasiutynskyi, V, Vauclair, C, Vohra, N, Walentynowicz, M, Ward, C, Włodarczyk, A, Yang, Y, Yzerbyt, V, Zanello, V, Zapata-Calvente, A, Zawisza, M, Žukauskienė, R, Żadkowska, M, Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Besta, Tomasz, Olech, Michał, Vandello, Joseph A., Bender, Michael, Dandy, Justine, Hoorens, Vera, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Mankowski, Eric, Venäläinen, Satu, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbaş, Gülçin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Becker, Maja, Bertolli, Chiara, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Best, Deborah L., Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Høj, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovacs, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kryś, Kuba, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Lac An, Nhan Thi, Labarthe-Carrara, Javier, Lauri, Mary Anne, Latu, Ioana, Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Mihić, Vladimir, MiloševićĐorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Félix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyúl, Boglárka, O’Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, de León, Pablo Pérez, Piterová, Ivana, Porto, Juliana Barreiros, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería Pérez, Erico, Renström, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Safdar, Saba, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Sevincer, A. Timur, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simão, Cláudia, Sobhie, Rosita, Sobiecki, Jurand, De Souza, Lucille, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Thakur, Suparna Jain, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Türkoğlu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Włodarczyk, Anna, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, Zawisza, Magdalena, Žukauskienė, Rita, Żadkowska, Magdalena, Kosakowska-Berezecka, N, Bosson, J, Jurek, P, Besta, T, Olech, M, Vandello, J, Bender, M, Dandy, J, Hoorens, V, Jasinskaja-Lahti, I, Mankowski, E, Venäläinen, S, Abuhamdeh, S, Agyemang, C, Akbaş, G, Albayrak-Aydemir, N, Ammirati, S, Anderson, J, Anjum, G, Ariyanto, A, Aruta, J, Ashraf, M, Bakaitytė, A, Becker, M, Bertolli, C, Bërxulli, D, Best, D, Bi, C, Block, K, Boehnke, M, Bongiorno, R, Bosak, J, Casini, A, Chen, Q, Chi, P, Cubela Adoric, V, Daalmans, S, de Lemus, S, Dhakal, S, Dvorianchikov, N, Egami, S, Etchezahar, E, Esteves, C, Froehlich, L, Garcia-Sanchez, E, Gavreliuc, A, Gavreliuc, D, Gomez, Á, Guizzo, F, Graf, S, Greijdanus, H, Grigoryan, A, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, J, Guerch, K, Gustafsson Sendén, M, Hale, M, Hämer, H, Hirai, M, Hoang Duc, L, Hřebíčková, M, Hutchings, P, Jensen, D, Karabati, S, Kelmendi, K, Kengyel, G, Khachatryan, N, Ghazzawi, R, Kinahan, M, Kirby, T, Kovacs, M, Kozlowski, D, Krivoshchekov, V, Kryś, K, Kulich, C, Kurosawa, T, Lac An, N, Labarthe-Carrara, J, Lauri, M, Latu, I, Lawal, A, Li, J, Lindner, J, Lindqvist, A, Maitner, A, Makarova, E, Makashvili, A, Malayeri, S, Malik, S, Mancini, T, Manzi, C, Mari, S, Martiny, S, Mayer, C, Mihić, V, Miloševićđorđević, J, Moreno-Bella, E, Moscatelli, S, Moynihan, A, Muller, D, Narhetali, E, Neto, F, Noels, K, Nyúl, B, O’Connor, E, Ochoa, D, Ohno, S, Olanrewaju Adebayo, S, Osborne, R, Pacilli, M, Palacio, J, Patnaik, S, Pavlopoulos, V, de León, P, Piterová, I, Porto, J, Puzio, A, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J, Rentería Pérez, E, Renström, E, Rousseaux, T, Ryan, M, Safdar, S, Sainz, M, Salvati, M, Samekin, A, Schindler, S, Sevincer, A, Seydi, M, Shepherd, D, Sherbaji, S, Schmader, T, Simão, C, Sobhie, R, Sobiecki, J, De Souza, L, Sarter, E, Sulejmanović, D, Sullivan, K, Tatsumi, M, Tavitian-Elmadjian, L, Thakur, S, Thi Mong Chi, Q, Torre, B, Torres, A, Torres, C, Türkoğlu, B, Ungaretti, J, Valshtein, T, Van Laar, C, van der Noll, J, Vasiutynskyi, V, Vauclair, C, Vohra, N, Walentynowicz, M, Ward, C, Włodarczyk, A, Yang, Y, Yzerbyt, V, Zanello, V, Zapata-Calvente, A, Zawisza, M, Žukauskienė, R, Żadkowska, M, Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Besta, Tomasz, Olech, Michał, Vandello, Joseph A., Bender, Michael, Dandy, Justine, Hoorens, Vera, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Mankowski, Eric, Venäläinen, Satu, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbaş, Gülçin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Becker, Maja, Bertolli, Chiara, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Best, Deborah L., Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Høj, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovacs, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kryś, Kuba, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Lac An, Nhan Thi, Labarthe-Carrara, Javier, Lauri, Mary Anne, Latu, Ioana, Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Mihić, Vladimir, MiloševićĐorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Félix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyúl, Boglárka, O’Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, de León, Pablo Pérez, Piterová, Ivana, Porto, Juliana Barreiros, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería Pérez, Erico, Renström, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Safdar, Saba, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Sevincer, A. Timur, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simão, Cláudia, Sobhie, Rosita, Sobiecki, Jurand, De Souza, Lucille, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Thakur, Suparna Jain, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Türkoğlu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Włodarczyk, Anna, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, Zawisza, Magdalena, Žukauskienė, Rita, and Żadkowska, Magdalena
- Abstract
Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries (N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.
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- 2022
13. Stereotypen
- Author
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Gordijn, Ernestine, Greijdanus, Hedy, Vonk, Roos, Hoorens, Vera, and Interpersonal behaviour
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- 2022
14. sj-docx-1-spp-10.1177_19485506221129687 – Supplemental material for Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models
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Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Besta, Tomasz, Olech, Michał, Vandello, Joseph A., Bender, Michael, Dandy, Justine, Hoorens, Vera, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Mankowski, Eric, Venäläinen, Satu, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbaş, Gülçin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Becker, Maja, Bertolli, Chiara, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Best, Deborah L., Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Høj, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovacs, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kryś, Kuba, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Lac An, Nhan Thi, Labarthe-Carrara, Javier, Lauri, Mary Anne, Latu, Ioana, Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Mihić, Vladimir, MiloševićĐorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Félix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyúl, Boglárka, O’Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, de León, Pablo Pérez, Piterová, Ivana, Porto, Juliana Barreiros, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería Pérez, Erico, Renström, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Safdar, Saba, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Sevincer, A. Timur, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simão, Cláudia, Sobhie, Rosita, Sobiecki, Jurand, De Souza, Lucille, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Thakur, Suparna Jain, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Türkoğlu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Włodarczyk, Anna, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, Zawisza, Magdalena, Žukauskienė, Rita, and Żadkowska, Magdalena
- Subjects
FOS: Psychology ,170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified - Abstract
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-spp-10.1177_19485506221129687 for Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models by Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka, Jennifer K. Bosson, Paweł Jurek, Tomasz Besta, Michał Olech, Joseph A. Vandello, Michael Bender, Justine Dandy, Vera Hoorens, Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti, Eric Mankowski, Satu Venäläinen, Sami Abuhamdeh, Collins Badu Agyemang, Gülçin Akbaş, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Soline Ammirati, Joel Anderson, Gulnaz Anjum, Amarina Ariyanto, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Mujeeba Ashraf, Aistė Bakaitytė, Maja Becker, Chiara Bertolli, Dashamir Bërxulli, Deborah L. Best, Chongzeng Bi, Katharina Block, Mandy Boehnke, Renata Bongiorno, Janine Bosak, Annalisa Casini, Qingwei Chen, Peilian Chi, Vera Cubela Adoric, Serena Daalmans, Soledad de Lemus, Sandesh Dhakal, Nikolay Dvorianchikov, Sonoko Egami, Edgardo Etchezahar, Carla Sofia Esteves, Laura Froehlich, Efrain Garcia-Sanchez, Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, Ángel Gomez, Francesca Guizzo, Sylvie Graf, Hedy Greijdanus, Ani Grigoryan, Joanna Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Keltouma Guerch, Marie Gustafsson Sendén, Miriam-Linnea Hale, Hannah Hämer, Mika Hirai, Lam Hoang Duc, Martina Hřebíčková, Paul B. Hutchings, Dorthe Høj Jensen, Serdar Karabati, Kaltrina Kelmendi, Gabriella Kengyel, Narine Khachatryan, Rawan Ghazzawi, Mary Kinahan, Teri A. Kirby, Monika Kovacs, Desiree Kozlowski, Vladislav Krivoshchekov, Kuba Kryś, Clara Kulich, Tai Kurosawa, Nhan Thi Lac An, Javier Labarthe-Carrara, Mary Anne Lauri, Ioana Latu, Abiodun Musbau Lawal, Junyi Li, Jana Lindner, Anna Lindqvist, Angela T. Maitner, Elena Makarova, Ana Makashvili, Shera Malayeri, Sadia Malik, Tiziana Mancini, Claudia Manzi, Silvia Mari, Sarah E. Martiny, Claude-Hélène Mayer, Vladimir Mihić, Jasna MiloševićĐorđević, Eva Moreno-Bella, Silvia Moscatelli, Andrew Bryan Moynihan, Dominique Muller, Erita Narhetali, Félix Neto, Kimberly A. Noels, Boglárka Nyúl, Emma C. O’Connor, Danielle P. Ochoa, Sachiko Ohno, Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo, Randall Osborne, Maria Giuseppina Pacilli, Jorge Palacio, Snigdha Patnaik, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Pablo Pérez de León, Ivana Piterová, Juliana Barreiros Porto, Angelica Puzio, Joanna Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Erico Rentería Pérez, Emma Renström, Tiphaine Rousseaux, Michelle K. Ryan, Saba Safdar, Mario Sainz, Marco Salvati, Adil Samekin, Simon Schindler, A. Timur Sevincer, Masoumeh Seydi, Debra Shepherd, Sara Sherbaji, Toni Schmader, Cláudia Simão, Rosita Sobhie, Jurand Sobiecki, Lucille De Souza, Emma Sarter, Dijana Sulejmanović, Katie E. Sullivan, Mariko Tatsumi, Lucy Tavitian-Elmadjian, Suparna Jain Thakur, Quang Thi Mong Chi, Beatriz Torre, Ana Torres, Claudio V. Torres, Beril Türkoğlu, Joaquín Ungaretti, Timothy Valshtein, Colette Van Laar, Jolanda van der Noll, Vadym Vasiutynskyi, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Neharika Vohra, Marta Walentynowicz, Colleen Ward, Anna Włodarczyk, Yaping Yang, Vincent Yzerbyt, Valeska Zanello, Antonella Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, Magdalena Zawisza, Rita Žukauskienė and Magdalena Żadkowska in Social Psychological and Personality Science
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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15. Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models
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Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Besta, Tomasz, Olech, Michał, Vandello, Joseph A., Bender, Michael, Dandy, Justine, Hoorens, Vera, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Mankowski, Eric, Venäläinen, Satu, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbaş, Gülçin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Becker, Maja, Bertolli, Chiara, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Best, Deborah L., Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Høj, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovacs, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kryś, Kuba, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Lac An, Nhan Thi, Labarthe-Carrara, Javier, Lauri, Mary Anne, Latu, Ioana, Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Mihić, Vladimir, MiloševićĐorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Félix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyúl, Boglárka, O’Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, de León, Pablo Pérez, Piterová, Ivana, Porto, Juliana Barreiros, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería Pérez, Erico, Renström, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Safdar, Saba, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Sevincer, A. Timur, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simão, Cláudia, Sobhie, Rosita, Sobiecki, Jurand, De Souza, Lucille, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Thakur, Suparna Jain, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Türkoğlu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Włodarczyk, Anna, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, Zawisza, Magdalena, Žukauskienė, Rita, and Żadkowska, Magdalena
- Abstract
Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in lessegalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in moreegalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries (N= 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The polarizing effects of group discussion in a negative normative context
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Koudenburg, Namkje, Greijdanus, Hedy, Scheepers, D.T., Leerstoel Ellemers, Social identity: Morality and diversity, Leerstoel Ellemers, Social identity: Morality and diversity, and Social Psychology
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Adult ,Male ,EXPRESSION ,MORALITY ,SELF-CATEGORIZATION ,POLARIZATION ,Social Psychology ,Adolescent ,Universities ,050109 social psychology ,COMMUNICATION ,Social issues ,group polarization ,050105 experimental psychology ,Young Adult ,STEREOTYPES ,pro‐social norms ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,SOCIAL IDENTITY ,Social Change ,Social identity theory ,Social Behavior ,Students ,Minority Groups ,CONFLICT ,group processes ,Special Section Paper ,05 social sciences ,Polarization (politics) ,Group conflict ,Social change ,Special Section Papers ,multilevel integration ,social interaction ,Social relation ,hostile norms ,rapid social change ,intergroup conflict ,NORMS ,Social Perception ,Adolescent Behavior ,DISCRIMINATION ,Normative ,Female ,Norm (social) ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Prejudice - Abstract
In this research, we examine polarization as a form of rapid social change resulting from the interplay between small group processes and perceptions of society at large. Specifically, we investigate how a negative (or hostile) norm regarding minoritiesy groups at the societal level can fuel polarization between majority subgroups at the local level. By employing a novel analytic approach that uses variances to capture polarization processes, we were able to study non-linear societal change. In three studies among high school and university students (N = 347), we manipulated the societal norm about a minority outgroup category (positive vs. negative). Subsequently, participants read about a minority member’s ambiguous behavior and evaluated this target. All studies used a similar paradigm, but they varied in whether or not the ambiguous behavior was discussed within local groups. Results showed that the societal norm only affected perceptions of the minority member’s behavior when people discussed this behavior in a local group, but not when they reflected on it individually. Specifically, group discussions led to between-group polarization between local groups within a broader social category, but only in the context of a negative societal norm. It appeared that the negative climate of the societal debate increased polarization between local groups, which was influenced by the a priori perception of the local group norm. Results are discussed in terms of the integration of societal level and group level processes when studying the development of intergroup attitudes, and practical implications for the coarsening climate of the debate about current societal issues.
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- 2019
17. sj-docx-1-jcc-10.1177_0022022121997997 – Supplemental material for Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations
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Bosson, Jennifer K., Paweł Jurek, Vandello, Joseph A., Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka, Michał Olech, Besta, Tomasz, Bender, Michael, Hoorens, Vera, Becker, Maja, A. Timur Sevincer, Best, Deborah L., Safdar, Saba, Włodarczyk, Anna, Zawisza, Magdalena, Żadkowska, Magdalena, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Collins Badu Agyemang, Akbaş, Gülçin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Amarina Ariyanto, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Mujeeba Ashraf, Aistė Bakaitytė, Bertolli, Chiara, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Chongzeng Bi, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Qingwei Chen, Peilian Chi, Adoric, Vera Cubela, Daalmans, Serena, Dandy, Justine, Lemus, Soledad De, Sandesh Dhakal, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Neto Felix, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Keltouma Guerch, Sendén, Marie Gustafsson, Miriam-Linnea Hale, Hämer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Duc, Lam Hoang, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Høj, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovács, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, An, Nhan Thi Lac, Labarthe, Javier, Latu, Ioana, Lauri, Mary Anne, Mankowski, Eric, Abiodun Musbau Lawal, Junyi Li, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Shera Malayeri, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Claude-Hélène Mayer, Mihić, Vladimir, Đorđević, Jasna Milošević, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, Muller, Dominique, Erita Narhetali, Neto, Félix, Noels, Kimberly A., Boglárka Nyúl, O’Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Adebayo, Sulaiman Olanrewaju, Osborne, Randall, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, Palacio, Jorge, Snigdha Patnaik, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, León, Pablo Pérez De, Piterová, Ivana, Porto, Juliana Barreiros, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Pérez, Erico Rentería, Renström, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simão, Cláudia, Sobhie, Rosita, Souza, Lucille De, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Suparna Jain Thakur, Chi, Quang Thi Mong, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Türkoğlu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Laar, Colette Van, Noll, Jolanda Van Der, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Venäläinen, Satu, Neharika Vohra, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Yaping Yang, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, and Žukauskienė, Rita
- Subjects
FOS: Psychology ,170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified - Abstract
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jcc-10.1177_0022022121997997 for Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations by Jennifer K. Bosson, Paweł Jurek, Joseph A. Vandello, Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka, Michał Olech, Tomasz Besta, Michael Bender, Vera Hoorens, Maja Becker, A. Timur Sevincer, Deborah L. Best, Saba Safdar, Anna Włodarczyk, Magdalena Zawisza, Magdalena Żadkowska, Sami Abuhamdeh, Collins Badu Agyemang, Gülçin Akbaş, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Soline Ammirati, Joel Anderson, Gulnaz Anjum, Amarina Ariyanto, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Mujeeba Ashraf, Aistė Bakaitytė, Chiara Bertolli, Dashamir Bërxulli, Chongzeng Bi, Katharina Block, Mandy Boehnke, Renata Bongiorno, Janine Bosak, Annalisa Casini, Qingwei Chen, Peilian Chi, Vera Cubela Adoric, Serena Daalmans, Justine Dandy, Soledad de Lemus, Sandesh Dhakal, Nikolay Dvorianchikov, Sonoko Egami, Edgardo Etchezahar, Carla Sofia Esteves, Neto Felix, Laura Froehlich, Efrain Garcia-Sanchez, Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, Ángel Gomez, Francesca Guizzo, Sylvie Graf, Hedy Greijdanus, Ani Grigoryan, Joanna Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Keltouma Guerch, Marie Gustafsson Sendén, Miriam-Linnea Hale, Hannah Hämer, Mika Hirai, Lam Hoang Duc, Martina Hřebíčková, Paul B. Hutchings, Dorthe Høj Jensen, Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti, Serdar Karabati, Kaltrina Kelmendi, Gabriella Kengyel, Narine Khachatryan, Rawan Ghazzawi, Mary Kinahan, Teri A. Kirby, Monika Kovács, Desiree Kozlowski, Vladislav Krivoshchekov, Clara Kulich, Tai Kurosawa, Nhan Thi Lac An, Javier Labarthe, Ioana Latu, Mary Anne Lauri, Eric Mankowski, Abiodun Musbau Lawal, Junyi Li, Jana Lindner, Anna Lindqvist, Angela T. Maitner, Elena Makarova, Ana Makashvili, Shera Malayeri, Sadia Malik, Tiziana Mancini, Claudia Manzi, Silvia Mari, Sarah E. Martiny, Claude-Hélène Mayer, Vladimir Mihić, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Eva Moreno-Bella, Silvia Moscatelli, Andrew Bryan Moynihan, Dominique Muller, Erita Narhetali, Félix Neto, Kimberly A. Noels, Boglárka Nyúl, Emma C. O’Connor, Danielle P. Ochoa, Sachiko Ohno, Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo, Randall Osborne, Maria Giuseppina Pacilli, Jorge Palacio, Snigdha Patnaik, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Pablo Pérez de León, Ivana Piterová, Juliana Barreiros Porto, Angelica Puzio, Joanna Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Erico Rentería Pérez, Emma Renström, Tiphaine Rousseaux, Michelle K. Ryan, Mario Sainz, Marco Salvati, Adil Samekin, Simon Schindler, Masoumeh Seydi, Debra Shepherd, Sara Sherbaji, Toni Schmader, Cláudia Simão, Rosita Sobhie, Lucille De Souza, Emma Sarter, Dijana Sulejmanović, Katie E. Sullivan, Mariko Tatsumi, Lucy Tavitian-Elmadjian, Suparna Jain Thakur, Quang Thi Mong Chi, Beatriz Torre, Ana Torres, Claudio V. Torres, Beril Türkoğlu, Joaquín Ungaretti, Timothy Valshtein, Colette Van Laar, Jolanda van der Noll, Vadym Vasiutynskyi, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Satu Venäläinen, Neharika Vohra, Marta Walentynowicz, Colleen Ward, Yaping Yang, Vincent Yzerbyt, Valeska Zanello, Antonella Ludmila Zapata-Calvente and Rita Žukauskienė in Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations
- Author
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Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Pawel, Vandello, Joseph A., Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Olech, Michal, Besta, Tomasz, Bender, Michael, Hoorens, Vera, Becker, Maja, Timur Sevincer, A., Best, Deborah L., Safdar, Saba, Wlodarczyk, Anna, Zawisza, Magdalena, Zadkowska, Magdalena, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Badu Agyemang, Collins, Akbas, Gulcin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, John, Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaityte, Aiste, Bertolli, Chiara, Berxulli, Dashamir, Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, Dandy, Justine, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Felix, Neto, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Angel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymala-Moszczynska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hamer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hrebickova, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Hoj Jensen, Dorthe, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovacs, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Thi Lac An, Nhan, Labarthe, Javier, Latu, Ioana, Anne Lauri, Mary, Mankowski, Eric, Musbau Lawal, Abiodun, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Helene, Mihic, Vladimir, Milosevic Dordevic, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Bryan Moynihan, Andrew, Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Felix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyul, Boglarka, O'Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, Perez de Leon, Pablo, Piterova, Ivana, Barreiros Porto, Juliana, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Renteria Perez, Erico, Renstrom, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simao, Claudia, Sobhie, Rosita, Souza, Lucille De, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanovic, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Jain Thakur, Suparna, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Turkoglu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquin, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Venalainen, Satu, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, Antonella, Zukauskiene, Rita, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Pawel, Vandello, Joseph A., Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Olech, Michal, Besta, Tomasz, Bender, Michael, Hoorens, Vera, Becker, Maja, Timur Sevincer, A., Best, Deborah L., Safdar, Saba, Wlodarczyk, Anna, Zawisza, Magdalena, Zadkowska, Magdalena, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Badu Agyemang, Collins, Akbas, Gulcin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, John, Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaityte, Aiste, Bertolli, Chiara, Berxulli, Dashamir, Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, Dandy, Justine, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Felix, Neto, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Angel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymala-Moszczynska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hamer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hrebickova, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Hoj Jensen, Dorthe, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovacs, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Thi Lac An, Nhan, Labarthe, Javier, Latu, Ioana, Anne Lauri, Mary, Mankowski, Eric, Musbau Lawal, Abiodun, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Helene, Mihic, Vladimir, Milosevic Dordevic, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Bryan Moynihan, Andrew, Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Felix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyul, Boglarka, O'Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, Perez de Leon, Pablo, Piterova, Ivana, Barreiros Porto, Juliana, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Renteria Perez, Erico, Renstrom, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simao, Claudia, Sobhie, Rosita, Souza, Lucille De, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanovic, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Jain Thakur, Suparna, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Turkoglu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquin, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Venalainen, Satu, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, Antonella, and Zukauskiene, Rita
- Abstract
Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB's distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Sociale media en collectieve actie rondom de gasboringen in Groningen
- Author
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Greijdanus, Hedy, Greijdanus, Hedy, Postmes, Tom, Greijdanus, Hedy, Greijdanus, Hedy, and Postmes, Tom
- Abstract
Gas extraction in the province of Groningen has been a true moneymaker for The Netherlands yet it has also been evoking human-induced earthquakes for years. Added together, the successions of earthquakes have resulted in considerable damage - hence dubbed a "disaster in slow motion" . This report presents a series of studies on societal unrest and protest surrounding this case.
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- 2018
20. Country-level and individual-level predictors of men's support for gender equality in 42 countries
- Author
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Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Besta, Tomasz, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Pawel, Vandello, Joesph A., Best, Deborah L., Wlodarczyk, Anna, Safdar, Saba, Zawisza, Magdalena, Zadkowska, Magdalena, Sobiecki, Jurand, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbas, Gulcin, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaityte, Aiste, Bi, Chongzeng, Becker, Maja, Bender, Michael, Berxulli, Dashamir, Bosak, Janine, Daalmans, Serena, Dandy, Justine, de Lemus, Soledad, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Froehlich, Laura, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Angel, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hamer, Hannah, Hoorens, Vera, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Hoj, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Khachatryan, Narine, Kinahan, Mary, Kozlowski, Desiree, Lauri, Mary Anne, Li, Junyi, Maitner, Angela T., Makashvili, Ana, Mancini, Tiziana, Martiny, Sarah E., Dordevic, Jasna Milosevic, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, Muller, Dominique, Ochoa, Danielle, Adebayo, Sulaiman Olanrewaju, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, Piterova, Ivana, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Renteria-Perez, Erico, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Schindler, Simon, Sherbaji, Sara, Sobhie, Rosita, Sulejmanovic, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Claudio, Ungaretti, Joaquin, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vohra, Neharika, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, Zukauskiene, Rita, Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Besta, Tomasz, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Pawel, Vandello, Joesph A., Best, Deborah L., Wlodarczyk, Anna, Safdar, Saba, Zawisza, Magdalena, Zadkowska, Magdalena, Sobiecki, Jurand, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbas, Gulcin, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaityte, Aiste, Bi, Chongzeng, Becker, Maja, Bender, Michael, Berxulli, Dashamir, Bosak, Janine, Daalmans, Serena, Dandy, Justine, de Lemus, Soledad, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Froehlich, Laura, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Angel, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hamer, Hannah, Hoorens, Vera, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Hoj, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Khachatryan, Narine, Kinahan, Mary, Kozlowski, Desiree, Lauri, Mary Anne, Li, Junyi, Maitner, Angela T., Makashvili, Ana, Mancini, Tiziana, Martiny, Sarah E., Dordevic, Jasna Milosevic, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, Muller, Dominique, Ochoa, Danielle, Adebayo, Sulaiman Olanrewaju, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, Piterova, Ivana, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Renteria-Perez, Erico, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Schindler, Simon, Sherbaji, Sara, Sobhie, Rosita, Sulejmanovic, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Claudio, Ungaretti, Joaquin, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vohra, Neharika, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, and Zukauskiene, Rita
- Abstract
Men sometimes withdraw support for gender equality movements when their higher gender status is threatened. Here, we expand the focus of this phenomenon by examining it cross-culturally, to test if both individual- and country-level variables predict men's collective action intentions to support gender equality. We tested a model in which men's zero-sum beliefs about gender predict reduced collective action intentions via an increase in hostile sexism. Because country-level gender equality may threaten men's higher gender status, we also examined whether the path from zero-sum beliefs to collective action intentions was stronger in countries higher in gender equality. Multilevel modeling on 6,734 men from 42 countries supported the individual-level mediation model, but found no evidence of moderation by country-level gender equality. Both country-level gender equality and individual-level zero-sum thinking independently predicted reductions in men's willingness to act collectively for gender equality.
- Published
- 2020
21. Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations
- Author
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Bosson, Jennifer K., primary, Jurek, Paweł, additional, Vandello, Joseph A., additional, Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, additional, Olech, Michał, additional, Besta, Tomasz, additional, Bender, Michael, additional, Hoorens, Vera, additional, Becker, Maja, additional, Timur Sevincer, A., additional, Best, Deborah L., additional, Safdar, Saba, additional, Włodarczyk, Anna, additional, Zawisza, Magdalena, additional, Żadkowska, Magdalena, additional, Abuhamdeh, Sami, additional, Badu Agyemang, Collins, additional, Akbaş, Gülçin, additional, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, additional, Ammirati, Soline, additional, Anderson, Joel, additional, Anjum, Gulnaz, additional, Ariyanto, Amarina, additional, Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, John, additional, Ashraf, Mujeeba, additional, Bakaitytė, Aistė, additional, Bertolli, Chiara, additional, Bërxulli, Dashamir, additional, Bi, Chongzeng, additional, Block, Katharina, additional, Boehnke, Mandy, additional, Bongiorno, Renata, additional, Bosak, Janine, additional, Casini, Annalisa, additional, Chen, Qingwei, additional, Chi, Peilian, additional, Cubela Adoric, Vera, additional, Daalmans, Serena, additional, Dandy, Justine, additional, Lemus, Soledad de, additional, Dhakal, Sandesh, additional, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, additional, Egami, Sonoko, additional, Etchezahar, Edgardo, additional, Sofia Esteves, Carla, additional, Felix, Neto, additional, Froehlich, Laura, additional, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, additional, Gavreliuc, Alin, additional, Gavreliuc, Dana, additional, Gomez, Ángel, additional, Guizzo, Francesca, additional, Graf, Sylvie, additional, Greijdanus, Hedy, additional, Grigoryan, Ani, additional, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, additional, Guerch, Keltouma, additional, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, additional, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, additional, Hämer, Hannah, additional, Hirai, Mika, additional, Hoang Duc, Lam, additional, Hřebíčková, Martina, additional, Hutchings, Paul B., additional, Høj Jensen, Dorthe, additional, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, additional, Karabati, Serdar, additional, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, additional, Kengyel, Gabriella, additional, Khachatryan, Narine, additional, Ghazzawi, Rawan, additional, Kinahan, Mary, additional, Kirby, Teri A., additional, Kovács, Monika, additional, Kozlowski, Desiree, additional, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, additional, Kulich, Clara, additional, Kurosawa, Tai, additional, Thi Lac An, Nhan, additional, Labarthe, Javier, additional, Latu, Ioana, additional, Anne Lauri, Mary, additional, Mankowski, Eric, additional, Musbau Lawal, Abiodun, additional, Li, Junyi, additional, Lindner, Jana, additional, Lindqvist, Anna, additional, Maitner, Angela T., additional, Makarova, Elena, additional, Makashvili, Ana, additional, Malayeri, Shera, additional, Malik, Sadia, additional, Mancini, Tiziana, additional, Manzi, Claudia, additional, Mari, Silvia, additional, Martiny, Sarah E., additional, Mayer, Claude-Hélène, additional, Mihić, Vladimir, additional, Milošević Đorđević, Jasna, additional, Moreno-Bella, Eva, additional, Moscatelli, Silvia, additional, Bryan Moynihan, Andrew, additional, Muller, Dominique, additional, Narhetali, Erita, additional, Neto, Félix, additional, Noels, Kimberly A., additional, Nyúl, Boglárka, additional, O’Connor, Emma C., additional, Ochoa, Danielle P., additional, Ohno, Sachiko, additional, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, additional, Osborne, Randall, additional, Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria, additional, Palacio, Jorge, additional, Patnaik, Snigdha, additional, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, additional, Pérez de León, Pablo, additional, Piterová, Ivana, additional, Barreiros Porto, Juliana, additional, Puzio, Angelica, additional, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, additional, Rentería Pérez, Erico, additional, Renström, Emma, additional, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, additional, Ryan, Michelle K., additional, Sainz, Mario, additional, Salvati, Marco, additional, Samekin, Adil, additional, Schindler, Simon, additional, Seydi, Masoumeh, additional, Shepherd, Debra, additional, Sherbaji, Sara, additional, Schmader, Toni, additional, Simão, Cláudia, additional, Sobhie, Rosita, additional, Souza, Lucille De, additional, Sarter, Emma, additional, Sulejmanović, Dijana, additional, Sullivan, Katie E., additional, Tatsumi, Mariko, additional, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, additional, Jain Thakur, Suparna, additional, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, additional, Torre, Beatriz, additional, Torres, Ana, additional, Torres, Claudio V., additional, Türkoğlu, Beril, additional, Ungaretti, Joaquín, additional, Valshtein, Timothy, additional, Van Laar, Colette, additional, van der Noll, Jolanda, additional, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, additional, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, additional, Venäläinen, Satu, additional, Vohra, Neharika, additional, Walentynowicz, Marta, additional, Ward, Colleen, additional, Yang, Yaping, additional, Yzerbyt, Vincent, additional, Zanello, Valeska, additional, Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, Antonella, additional, and Žukauskienė, Rita, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Country‐level and individual‐level predictors of men's support for gender equality in 42 countries
- Author
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Kosakowska‐Berezecka, Natasza, primary, Besta, Tomasz, additional, Bosson, Jennifer K., additional, Jurek, Paweł, additional, Vandello, Joesph A., additional, Best, Deborah L., additional, Wlodarczyk, Anna, additional, Safdar, Saba, additional, Zawisza, Magdalena, additional, Żadkowska, Magdalena, additional, Sobiecki, Jurand, additional, Agyemang, Collins Badu, additional, Akbaş, Gülçin, additional, Ammirati, Soline, additional, Anderson, Joel, additional, Anjum, Gulnaz, additional, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., additional, Ashraf, Mujeeba, additional, Bakaitytė, Aistė, additional, Bi, Chongzeng, additional, Becker, Maja, additional, Bender, Michael, additional, Bërxulli, Dashamir, additional, Bosak, Janine, additional, Daalmans, Serena, additional, Dandy, Justine, additional, Lemus, Soledad, additional, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, additional, Etchezahar, Edgardo, additional, Froehlich, Laura, additional, Gavreliuc, Alin, additional, Gavreliuc, Dana, additional, Gomez, Ángel, additional, Greijdanus, Hedy, additional, Grigoryan, Ani, additional, Hale, Miriam‐Linnea, additional, Hämer, Hannah, additional, Hoorens, Vera, additional, Hutchings, Paul B., additional, Jensen, Dorthe Høj, additional, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, additional, Khachatryan, Narine, additional, Kinahan, Mary, additional, Kozlowski, Desiree, additional, Lauri, Mary Anne, additional, Li, Junyi, additional, Maitner, Angela T., additional, Makashvili, Ana, additional, Mancini, Tiziana, additional, Martiny, Sarah E., additional, Đorđević, Jasna Milošević, additional, Moreno‐Bella, Eva, additional, Moscatelli, Silvia, additional, Bryan Moynihan, Andrew, additional, Muller, Dominique, additional, Ochoa, Danielle, additional, Adebayo, Sulaiman Olanrewaju, additional, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, additional, Palacio, Jorge, additional, Patnaik, Snigdha, additional, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, additional, Piterová, Ivana, additional, Puzio, Angelica, additional, Pyrkosz‐Pacyna, Joanna, additional, Rentería‐Pérez, Erico, additional, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, additional, Sainz, Mario, additional, Salvati, Marco, additional, Samekin, Adil, additional, García‐Sánchez, Efraín, additional, Schindler, Simon, additional, Sherbaji, Sara, additional, Sobhie, Rosita, additional, Sulejmanović, Dijana, additional, Sullivan, Katie E., additional, Torre, Beatriz, additional, Torres, Claudio V., additional, Ungaretti, Joaquín, additional, Valshtein, Timothy, additional, Laar, Colette, additional, Noll, Jolanda, additional, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, additional, Vohra, Neharika, additional, Zapata‐Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, additional, and Žukauskienė, Rita, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The polarizing effects of group discussion in a negative normative context: Integrating societal‐, group‐, and individual‐level factors.
- Author
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Koudenburg, Namkje, Greijdanus, Hedy, Scheepers, D.T., Koudenburg, Namkje, Greijdanus, Hedy, and Scheepers, D.T.
- Abstract
In this research, we examine polarization as a form of rapid social change resulting from the interplay between small group processes and perceptions of society at large. Specifically, we investigate how a negative (or hostile) norm regarding minoritiesy groups at the societal level can fuel polarization between majority subgroups at the local level. By employing a novel analytic approach that uses variances to capture polarization processes, we were able to study non-linear societal change. In three studies among high school and university students (N = 347), we manipulated the societal norm about a minority outgroup category (positive vs. negative). Subsequently, participants read about a minority member’s ambiguous behavior and evaluated this target. All studies used a similar paradigm, but they varied in whether or not the ambiguous behavior was discussed within local groups. Results showed that the societal norm only affected perceptions of the minority member’s behavior when people discussed this behavior in a local group, but not when they reflected on it individually. Specifically, group discussions led to between-group polarization between local groups within a broader social category, but only in the context of a negative societal norm. It appeared that the negative climate of the societal debate increased polarization between local groups, which was influenced by the a priori perception of the local group norm. Results are discussed in terms of the integration of societal level and group level processes when studying the development of intergroup attitudes, and practical implications for the coarsening climate of the debate about current societal issues.
- Published
- 2019
24. The polarizing effects of group discussion in a negative normative context: Integrating societal‐, group‐, and individual‐level factors.
- Author
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Leerstoel Ellemers, Social identity: Morality and diversity, Koudenburg, Namkje, Greijdanus, Hedy, Scheepers, D.T., Leerstoel Ellemers, Social identity: Morality and diversity, Koudenburg, Namkje, Greijdanus, Hedy, and Scheepers, D.T.
- Published
- 2019
25. Intragroup communication in intergroup conflict:Influences on social perception and cognition
- Author
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Greijdanus, Hedy Jeanette Elisabeth, Greijdanus, Hedy Jeanette Elisabeth, Greijdanus, Hedy Jeanette Elisabeth, and Greijdanus, Hedy Jeanette Elisabeth
- Abstract
How we see ourselves and others depend largely on everyday conversations and informal chats. In these conversations, people like to talk about other people and groups – for instance, the perceptions that native Dutch have of non-native Dutch are typically developed in conversations in which non-native people are nor heard. This kind of seemingly harmless communication within groups can play a key role in the development of conflicts between social groups. In this process, perceptions of others are influenced not only by what people discuss (positive aspects) but also by how they discuss this (at individual or group level). This dissertation reveals that a positive conversation about a Moroccan-Dutch person such as Najob Amhali has little effect on the perception of Moroccan-Dutch people as a group. However, a positive conversation about how hospitable and caring Moroccan-Dutch people are as a group improves native Dutch’s perceptions of them. The negative consequences of social categorization can be countered best by mentioning the category’s positive characteristics. However, if people have a negative perception about a group, they by default tend to do exactly the opposite: Information that matches a stereotypic image is discussed at a group level, whereas information that does not match this stereotype is discussed in a more individualizing manner. This implies that natural conversation tendencies facilitate maintenance of stereotypes. The conclusion of this dissertation is that negative categorizing should be countered with positive categorizing.
- Published
- 2015
26. Stereotypen
- Author
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Gordijn, Ernestine, Wigboldus, Daniël, Greijdanus, Hedy, Vonk, Roos, and Interpersonal behaviour
- Abstract
Hoe vormen mensen zich een beeld van anderen? Hoe kun je groepsbeslissingen en -prestaties verbeteren? Wanneer helpen mensen elkaar en waarom? Dit boek bespreekt hoofdthema’s uit de sociale psychologie die zich richt op hoe mensen elkaars gedrag, gedachten en gevoelens beïnvloeden.
- Published
- 2017
27. The polarizing effects of group discussion in a negative normative context: Integrating societal‐, group‐, and individual‐level factors
- Author
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Koudenburg, Namkje, primary, Greijdanus, Hedy, additional, and Scheepers, Daan, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Thumbs Up for Refugees?: Influences of Online News Content and (Dis)Likes on Self-Reported Perceptions
- Author
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Greijdanus, Hedy and Social Psychology
- Subjects
Social media ,INTERGROUP RELATIONS ,Social psychology - Abstract
An extensive body of research on social validation indicates that people feel strengthened in their views and opinions when others agree with them. Notions of the extent of others' (dis)agreement can stem from conversations or other forms of interpersonal communication, but also from what one reads in the newspaper. The proportion of news items that is consumed online continues to grow steadily. This occurs mainly on news websites and via mobile phone apps of traditional newspapers. In addition, social network companies such as Facebook have recently been exploring the possibilities to provide news articles to users. One characteristic of such online news articles is that readers are allowed to react to the news content, for instance by liking or disliking a news item. Relatively little studies have examined these recent developments and their influences on people’s opinions concerning those hot topics that predominate the news. The current experiment investigated the effects of online news content and (dis)likes on perceptions of refugees among 375 visitors of Science Museum NEMO Amsterdam. Results revealed that participants’ online reactions were particularly influenced by the amount of dislikes displayed below an online news article. That is, participants who were presented with more dislikes than likes below the article were more likely to click the dislike button themselves – compared to participants who saw more likes or who did not see any information on (dis)likes. Interestingly, this effect occurred regardless of whether they read about positive or negative responses towards refugees. Additional findings and implications are discussed.
- Published
- 2016
29. Intragroup communication in intergroup conflict: Influences on social perception and cognition
- Author
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Greijdanus, Hedy Jeanette Elisabeth, Postmes, Tom, Gordijn, Ernestine, van Zomeren, Martijn, and Social Psychology
- Abstract
How we see ourselves and others depend largely on everyday conversations and informal chats. In these conversations, people like to talk about other people and groups – for instance, the perceptions that native Dutch have of non-native Dutch are typically developed in conversations in which non-native people are nor heard. This kind of seemingly harmless communication within groups can play a key role in the development of conflicts between social groups. In this process, perceptions of others are influenced not only by what people discuss (positive aspects) but also by how they discuss this (at individual or group level). This dissertation reveals that a positive conversation about a Moroccan-Dutch person such as Najob Amhali has little effect on the perception of Moroccan-Dutch people as a group. However, a positive conversation about how hospitable and caring Moroccan-Dutch people are as a group improves native Dutch’s perceptions of them. The negative consequences of social categorization can be countered best by mentioning the category’s positive characteristics. However, if people have a negative perception about a group, they by default tend to do exactly the opposite: Information that matches a stereotypic image is discussed at a group level, whereas information that does not match this stereotype is discussed in a more individualizing manner. This implies that natural conversation tendencies facilitate maintenance of stereotypes. The conclusion of this dissertation is that negative categorizing should be countered with positive categorizing.
- Published
- 2015
30. Escalation and de-escalation of intergroup conflict: The role of communication within and between groups
- Author
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Postmes, Tom, Gordijn, Ernestine, van Zomeren, Martijn, Greijdanus, Hedy, de Vos, Bart, Täuber, Susanne, Kamans, Elanor, De Dreu, Carsten K.W., and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2014
31. Influences of intragroup communication on intergroup perceptions: Escalation and de-escalation of intergroup conflict
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Greijdanus, Hedy and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2013
32. Improving intergroup relations: Abstract and concrete intragroup communication about stereotypes
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Greijdanus, Hedy and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2013
33. Improving intergroup relations in conflict: Influences of abstract versus concrete intragroup communication on intergroup perceptions
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Greijdanus, Hedy and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2013
34. 'Let's protest!': Communication within conflicting groups drives intergroup contact motivations
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Greijdanus, Hedy and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2012
35. Let's talk about them: When anticipated intergroup contact facilitates defensive transformations in group identity and intergroup perceptions for groups in conflict
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Greijdanus, Hedy and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2012
36. Wij zien, wij zien wat ik niet zie: De invloed van verwachte intragroepscommunicatie op construal level van stereotype-inconsistente informatie
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Greijdanus, Hedy and Interpersonal behaviour
- Published
- 2011
37. The route to change? How collective mindset influences processing of stereotype-inconsistent behaviour
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Greijdanus, Hedy and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2011
38. Intragroup communication and intergroup conflict
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Greijdanus, Hedy and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2011
39. 'Right Back at you!': Intragroup communication while anticipating intergroup contact evokes defensive intergroup perceptions
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Greijdanus, Hedy and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2011
40. Steeling Ourselves: Intragroup Communication while Anticipating Intergroup Contact Evokes Defensive Intergroup Perceptions
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Greijdanus, Hedy, primary, Postmes, Tom, additional, Gordijn, Ernestine H., additional, and van Zomeren, Martijn, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. When Abstraction Does Not Increase Stereotyping: Preparing for Intragroup Communication Enables Abstract Construal of Stereotype-Inconsistent Information
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Greijdanus, Hedy, primary, Postmes, Tom, additional, Gordijn, Ernestine H., additional, and van Zomeren, Martijn, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Een Kwalitatieve Verkenning naar Sociale Innovatie: Verschillende Perspectieven op Empowerment, Sociale Cohesie en Samenwerking
- Author
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van Apeldoorn, Kirsten, Tuinstra, Jolanda, Greijdanus, Hedy, Wetenschapswinkel Geneeskunde & Volksgezondheid, and Interpersonal behaviour
- Abstract
In het huidige onderzoek wordt sociale innovatie beschreven door middel van een kwalitatieve verkenning van het project 'Sterke vrouwen in Tuikwerd'. Verschillende perspectieven van professionals en projectvrouwenbetrokken in en rondom het project worden in kaart gebracht met behulp van kwalitatieve interviews die zich richten op de thema's die belangrijk zijn bij sociale innovatie: Empowerment onder inwoners, sociale cohesie in de wijk en de samenwerking tussen professionals en inwoners. Daarnaast zijn de opgedane kennis en inzichten terug gekoppeld naar de onderzoeksdeelnemers in een focusgroep. De resultaten van de interviews en ervaringen met de focusgroep beschrijven gezamenlijk het verloop van het huidige project. Het onderzoek draagt bij aan nieuwe theoretische inzichten en praktische kennis op het gebied van empowerment, sociale cohesie en samenwerking. Uit de resultaten komt naar voren dat professionals twijfelen aan de behoefte van inwoners aan activiteiten in de wijk. De professionals verwachten dat inwoners wanneer ze behoefte hebben aan activiteiten, hier zelf initiatief in nemen. Deelnemers (en voormalig deelnemers) van het huidige project willen wel activiteiten in de wijk, maar ervaren dit echter als werk voor professionals. Verder komt naar voren dat het ontbreken van vertrouwen tussen inwoners onderling het opstarten van activiteiten bemoeilijkt. Uit het huidige onderzoek blijkt dat er aan beide kanten, bij de professionals én de projectvrouwen, behoefte is aan alsmede de bereidheid tot een betere samenwerking op basis van wederzijdse openheid en vertrouwen. Al met al is er contact nodig over het opstarten van toekomstige activiteiten tussen professionals en inwoners zodat beelden, ervaringen en verwachtingen kunnen worden uitgewisseld. Trefwoorden: sociale innovatie, empowerment, sociale cohesie, samenwerking, vertrouwen
43. Psychometric properties and correlates of precarious manhood beliefs in 62 nations
- Author
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<p>Funding information : https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022121997997</p>, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Vandello, Joseph A., Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Olech, Michał, Besta, Tomasz, Bender, Michael, Hoorens, Vera, Becker, Maja, Timur Sevincer, A., Best, Deborah L., Safdar, Saba, Włodarczyk, Anna, Zawisza, Magdalena, Żadkowska, Magdalena, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Badu Agyemang, Collins, Akbaş, Gülçin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, John, Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Bertolli, Chiara, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, Dandy, Justine K, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Felix, Neto, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Høj Jensen, Dorthe, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovács, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Lac An, Nhan Thi, Labarthe, Javier, Latu, Ioana, Lauri, Mary Anne, Mankowski, Eric, Musbau Lawal, Abiodun, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Mihić, Vladimir, Milošević Đorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew B., Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Félix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyúl, Boglárka, O’Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, Pérez de León, Pablo, Piterová, Ivana, Barreiros Porto, Juliana, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería Pérez, Erico, Renström, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simão, Cláudia, Sobhie, Rosita, De Souza, Lucille, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Jain Thakur, Suparna, Mong Chi, Quang Thi, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Türkoğlu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Venäläinen, Satu, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, Žukauskienė, Rita, <p>Funding information : https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022121997997</p>, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Vandello, Joseph A., Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Olech, Michał, Besta, Tomasz, Bender, Michael, Hoorens, Vera, Becker, Maja, Timur Sevincer, A., Best, Deborah L., Safdar, Saba, Włodarczyk, Anna, Zawisza, Magdalena, Żadkowska, Magdalena, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Badu Agyemang, Collins, Akbaş, Gülçin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, John, Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Bertolli, Chiara, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, Dandy, Justine K, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Felix, Neto, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Høj Jensen, Dorthe, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovács, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Lac An, Nhan Thi, Labarthe, Javier, Latu, Ioana, Lauri, Mary Anne, Mankowski, Eric, Musbau Lawal, Abiodun, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Mihić, Vladimir, Milošević Đorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew B., Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Félix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyúl, Boglárka, O’Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, Pérez de León, Pablo, Piterová, Ivana, Barreiros Porto, Juliana, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería Pérez, Erico, Renström, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simão, Cláudia, Sobhie, Rosita, De Souza, Lucille, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Jain Thakur, Suparna, Mong Chi, Quang Thi, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Türkoğlu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Venäläinen, Satu, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, and Žukauskienė, Rita
- Abstract
Bosson, J. K., Jurek, P., Vandello, J. A., Kosakowska-Berezecka, N., Olech, M., Besta, T., ... Žukauskienė, R. (2021). Psychometric properties and correlates of precarious manhood beliefs in 62 nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 52(3), 231-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022121997997
44. Country-level and individual-level predictors of men's support for gender equality in 42 countries
- Author
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<p>Narodowe Centrum Nauki University of Brasilia Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia</p>, Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Besta, Tomasz, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Vandello, Joesph A., Best, Deborah L., Wlodarczyk, Anna, Safdar, Saba, Zawisza, Magdalena, Żadkowska, Magdalena, Sobiecki, Jurand, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbaş, Gülçin, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Bi, Chongzeng, Becker, Maja, Bender, Michael, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Bosak, Janine, Daalmans, Serena, Dandy, Justine, de Lemus, Soledad, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Froehlich, Laura, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hoorens, Vera, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Høj, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Khachatryan, Narine, Kinahan, Mary, Kozlowski, Desiree, Lauri, Mary Anne, Li, Junyi, Maitner, Angela T., Makashvili, Ana, Mancini, Tiziana, Martiny, Sarah E., Milošević Đorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew B., Muller, Dominique, Ochoa, Danielle, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, Piterová, Ivana, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería‐Pérez, Erico, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, García‐Sánchez, Efraín, Schindler, Simon, Sherbaji, Sara, Sobhie, Rosita, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Claudio V., Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vohra, Neharika, Zapata‐Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, Žukauskienė, Rita, <p>Narodowe Centrum Nauki University of Brasilia Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia</p>, Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Besta, Tomasz, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Vandello, Joesph A., Best, Deborah L., Wlodarczyk, Anna, Safdar, Saba, Zawisza, Magdalena, Żadkowska, Magdalena, Sobiecki, Jurand, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbaş, Gülçin, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Bi, Chongzeng, Becker, Maja, Bender, Michael, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Bosak, Janine, Daalmans, Serena, Dandy, Justine, de Lemus, Soledad, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Froehlich, Laura, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hoorens, Vera, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Høj, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Khachatryan, Narine, Kinahan, Mary, Kozlowski, Desiree, Lauri, Mary Anne, Li, Junyi, Maitner, Angela T., Makashvili, Ana, Mancini, Tiziana, Martiny, Sarah E., Milošević Đorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew B., Muller, Dominique, Ochoa, Danielle, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, Piterová, Ivana, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería‐Pérez, Erico, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, García‐Sánchez, Efraín, Schindler, Simon, Sherbaji, Sara, Sobhie, Rosita, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Claudio V., Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vohra, Neharika, Zapata‐Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, and Žukauskienė, Rita
- Abstract
Kosakowska‐Berezecka, N., Besta, T., Bosson, J. K., Jurek, P., Vandello, J. A., Best, D. L., ... & Žukauskienė, R. (2020). Country‐level and individual‐level predictors of men's support for gender equality in 42 countries. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(6), 1276-1291. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2696
45. Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models
- Author
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Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Besta, Tomasz, Olech, Michał, Vandello, Joseph A., Bender, Michael, Dandy, Justine, Hoorens, Vera, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Mankowski, Eric, Venäläinen, Satu, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbaş, Gülçin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Becker, Maja, Bertolli, Chiara, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Best, Deborah L., Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Høj, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovacs, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kryś, Kuba, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Lac An, Nhan Thi, Labarthe-Carrara, Javier, Lauri, Mary Anne, Latu, Ioana, Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Mihić, Vladimir, MiloševićĐorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Félix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyúl, Boglárka, O’Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, de León, Pablo Pérez, Piterová, Ivana, Porto, Juliana Barreiros, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería Pérez, Erico, Renström, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Safdar, Saba, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Sevincer, A. Timur, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simão, Cláudia, Sobhie, Rosita, Sobiecki, Jurand, De Souza, Lucille, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Thakur, Suparna Jain, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Türkoğlu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Włodarczyk, Anna, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, Zawisza, Magdalena, Žukauskienė, Rita, Żadkowska, Magdalena, Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Besta, Tomasz, Olech, Michał, Vandello, Joseph A., Bender, Michael, Dandy, Justine, Hoorens, Vera, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Mankowski, Eric, Venäläinen, Satu, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbaş, Gülçin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Becker, Maja, Bertolli, Chiara, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Best, Deborah L., Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Høj, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovacs, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kryś, Kuba, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Lac An, Nhan Thi, Labarthe-Carrara, Javier, Lauri, Mary Anne, Latu, Ioana, Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Mihić, Vladimir, MiloševićĐorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Félix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyúl, Boglárka, O’Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, de León, Pablo Pérez, Piterová, Ivana, Porto, Juliana Barreiros, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería Pérez, Erico, Renström, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Safdar, Saba, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Sevincer, A. Timur, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simão, Cláudia, Sobhie, Rosita, Sobiecki, Jurand, De Souza, Lucille, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Thakur, Suparna Jain, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Türkoğlu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Włodarczyk, Anna, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, Zawisza, Magdalena, Žukauskienė, Rita, and Żadkowska, Magdalena
- Abstract
Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries (N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.
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