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Individually customized grafts have become standard for reconstructing extensive chest wall defects resulting from surgical interventions for sternal malignant neoplasms. However, the outcomes of these graft implantations can be further improved by administering patient-derived cells, which have minimal oncological risks. In 2021, a 52-year-old woman with chondrosarcoma (pT2N0M0G2, stage IIB) was admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery. The patient presented with a large tumor in the body of the sternum, measuring 81 × 94 × 91 mm, according to the computed tomography (CT) scan. To address this, an individualized endoprosthesis was modeled and created using the original 'pincer-dock' construction based on CT-scan screens. The mononuclear cell fraction (MNCs) was obtained from the patient's peripheral blood one week before surgery using a Haemonetics cell separation device and cryopreserved until the day of the procedure. The resulting 30 mL MNC suspension contained 12 mln cells per 1 mL. We performed flow cytometry analysis using a FACS Aria III flow cytometer to confirm the presence of mesenchymal stromal cells in the MNCs. We also performed immunostaining for S-100, a common tumor marker for benign and malignant diseases, and D2-40, a marker for the lymphatic endothelium that reacts with Kaposi's sarcoma and a subset of angiosarcomas. None of the cells were positive for either marker. Approximately 3 ml of the MNC suspension was injected into each rib edge and 30 ml into the operating field immediately after resection. The titanium endoprosthesis was placed in the sternal defect, and the body of the endoprosthesis was securely covered with a laparoscopically mobilized omental flap. After a one-year follow-up, the patient showed no signs of recurrence or post-surgical complications. These outstanding functional and cosmetic results highlight the potential for the broader clinical utilization of minimally manipulated cells in personalized medicine in oncology. These results could pave the way for wider clinical application of peripheral blood-derived minimally manipulated cells in personalized medicine as an adjuvant for titanium endoprosthesis reconstruction of osteochondral defects in patients with sarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Previously, low-dose radiation therapy was used for pneumonia treatment. We aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of carbon nanoparticles labeled with Technetium isotope ( 99m Tc) in a form of ultradispersed aerosol in combination with standard COVID-19 therapy. The study was a randomized phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trial of low-dose radionuclide inhalation therapy for patients with COVID-19 related pneumonia., Methods: We enrolled 47 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection and early laboratory signs of cytokine storm and randomized them into the Treatment and Control groups. We analyzed blood parameters reflecting the COVID-19 severity and inflammatory response., Results: Low-dose 99m Tc-labeled inhalation showed a minimal accumulation of radionuclide in lungs in healthy volunteers. We observed no significant differences between the groups before treatment in WBC-count, D-dimer, CRP, Ferritin or LDH levels. We found that Ferritin and LDH levels significantly raised after the 7th day follow-up only in the Control group (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0005, respectively), while mean values of the same indicators did not change in patients in the Treatment group after the radionuclide treatment. D-dimer values also lowered in the radionuclide treated group, however, this effect was not statistically significant. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in CD19+ cell counts in patients of the radionuclide-treated group., Conclusion: Inhalation low-dose radionuclide therapy of 99m Tc aerosol affects the major prognostic indicators of COVID-19- related pneumonia restraining inflammatory response. Overall, we identified no evidence of major adverse events in the group receiving radionuclide., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)