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5. Poster Abstracts

Author

Littger, Ralf, primary, Alke, Alexandra, additional, Tewes, Bernhard, additional, Gropp, Felix, additional, Asai, T., additional, Watanabe, K., additional, Kuromi, K., additional, Kurohane, K., additional, Ogino, K., additional, Taki, T., additional, Tsukada, H., additional, Nakayama, J., additional, Oku, N., additional, Babai, I., additional, Matyas, G., additional, Baranji, L., additional, Milosevits, J., additional, Alving, C. R., additional, Bendas, G., additional, Rothe, U., additional, Scherphof, G. L., additional, Kamps, J. A. A. M., additional, Kessner, S., additional, Carafa, M., additional, Di Stefano, A., additional, Sozio, P., additional, Cacciatore, I., additional, Mosciatti, B., additional, Santucci, E., additional, Choice, E., additional, Harvie, P., additional, Galbraith, T., additional, Zunder, E., additional, Dutzar, B., additional, Anklesaria, P., additional, Paul, R., additional, Cocquyt, J., additional, De Cuyper, M., additional, Van der Meeren, P., additional, Cruz, M. E. M., additional, Gaspar, M. M., additional, Silva, M. T., additional, Dathe, M., additional, Nikolenko, H., additional, Wessolowski, A., additional, Schmieder, P., additional, Beyermann, M., additional, Bienert, M., additional, Santos, N. Dos, additional, Cox, K. A., additional, Allen, C., additional, Gallagher, R. C., additional, Ickenstein, L., additional, Mayer, L. D., additional, Bally, M. B., additional, Fischer, S., additional, Margalit, R., additional, Freisleben, H.-J., additional, Garidel, P., additional, Chen, H. C., additional, Moore, D., additional, Mendelsohn, R., additional, Keller, M., additional, Hildebrand, A., additional, Blume, A., additional, Girão da Cruz, M. T., additional, Simões, S., additional, Pedroso de Lima, M. C., additional, Graser, A., additional, Nahde, T., additional, Fahr, A., additional, Müller, R., additional, Müller-Brüsselbach, S., additional, Cudmore, S., additional, O'Mahony, D., additional, Hoving, S., additional, van Tiel, S. T., additional, Seynhaeve, A. L. B., additional, Ambagtsheer, G., additional, Eggermont, A. M. M., additional, ten Hagen, T. L. M., additional, Høyrup, P., additional, Jensen, S. S., additional, Jørgensen, K., additional, Iden, D., additional, Kuang, H., additional, Mullen, P., additional, Jacobs, C., additional, Roben, P., additional, Stevens, T., additional, Lollo, C., additional, Ishida, T., additional, Maeda, R., additional, Masuda, K., additional, Ichihara, M., additional, Kiwada, H., additional, Jung, K., additional, Reszka, R., additional, Kaiser, N., additional, Ohloff, I., additional, Linser-Haar, S., additional, Massing, U., additional, Schubert, R., additional, Kan, P., additional, Tsao, C. W., additional, Chen, W. K., additional, Wang, A. J., additional, Kimpfler, A., additional, Gerber, C., additional, Wieschollek, A., additional, Bruchelt, G., additional, Kobayashi, T., additional, Okada, Y., additional, Sone, S., additional, Harashima, H., additional, Maruyama, K., additional, Kondo, Masayo, additional, Lee, Chun Man, additional, Tanaka, Toshiyuki, additional, Su, Wei, additional, Kitagawa, Toru, additional, Ito, Toshinori, additional, Matsuda, Hikaru, additional, Murai, Toshiyuki, additional, Miyasaka, Masayuki, additional, Junji, Kimura, additional, Kondo, Masami, additional, Asai, Tomohiro, additional, Ogino, Koichi, additional, Taki, Takao, additional, Tsukada, Hideo, additional, Baba, Kazuhiko, additional, Oku, Naoto, additional, Koning, G. A., additional, Wauben, M. H. M., additional, Vestweber, D., additional, Everts, M., additional, Kok, R. J., additional, Schraa, A. J., additional, Molema, G., additional, Schiffelers, R. M., additional, Storm, G., additional, Kristl, J., additional, Šentjurc, M., additional, Abramović, Z., additional, Landry, S., additional, Perron, S., additional, Bestman-Smith, J., additional, Désormeaux, A., additional, Tremblay, M. J., additional, Bergeron, M. G., additional, Madeira, C., additional, Loura, L. M. S., additional, Fedorov, A., additional, Prieto, M., additional, Aires-Barros, M. R., additional, Marques, C. M., additional, Simões, S. I., additional, Cruz, M. E., additional, Cevc, G., additional, Martins, M. B., additional, Moreira, J. N., additional, Gaspar, R., additional, Allen, T. M., additional, Esposito, C., additional, Ortaggi, G., additional, Bianco, A., additional, Bonadies, F., additional, Malizia, D., additional, Napolitano, R., additional, Cametti, C., additional, Mossa, G., additional, Endert, Gerold, additional, Essler, Frank, additional, Lutz, Silke, additional, Panzner, Steffen, additional, Pastorino, F., additional, Brignole, C., additional, Pagnan, G., additional, Moase, E. H., additional, Ponzoni, M., additional, Pavelic, Z., additional, Škalko-Basnet, N., additional, Jalšenjak, I., additional, Penacho, N., additional, Pisano, C., additional, Bucci, F., additional, Serafini, S., additional, Martinelli, R., additional, Cupelli, A., additional, Marconi, A., additional, Ferrara, F. F., additional, Santaniello, M., additional, Critelli, L., additional, Tinti, O., additional, Luisi, P., additional, Carminati, P., additional, Galletti, B., additional, Sauer, I., additional, Schleef, M., additional, Voß, C., additional, Schmidt, T., additional, Flaschel, E., additional, König, S., additional, Wenger, T., additional, Dumond, J., additional, Bogetto, N., additional, Reboud-Ravaux, M., additional, Schramm, H. J., additional, Schramm, W., additional, Sheynis, T., additional, Rozner, S., additional, Kolusheva, S., additional, Satchell, D., additional, Jelnik, R., additional, Shigeta, Y., additional, Imanaka, H., additional, Ando, H., additional, Makino, T., additional, Baba, N., additional, Shimizu, K., additional, Takada, M., additional, Baba, K., additional, Namba, Y., additional, Simberg, Dmitri, additional, Danino, Dganit, additional, Talmon, Yeshayahu, additional, Minsky, Abraham, additional, Ferrari, Marilyn E., additional, Wheeler, Carl J., additional, Barenholz, Yechezkel, additional, Takada, Miki, additional, Shimizu, Kosuke, additional, Kuromi, Koici, additional, Takeuchi, Y., additional, North, J. R., additional, Nango, M., additional, Tewes, B., additional, Köchling, T., additional, Deissler, M., additional, Kühl, C., additional, Marx, U., additional, Strote, G., additional, Gropp, F., additional, Qualls, Marquita M., additional, Kim, Jong-Mok, additional, Thompson, David H., additional, Zhang, Zhi-Yi, additional, Shum, Pochi, additional, Collier, Joel H., additional, Hu, Bi-Huang, additional, Ruberti, Jeffrey W., additional, Messersmith, Phillip B., additional, Tsuruda, T., additional, Nakade, A., additional, Sadzuka, Y., additional, Hirota, S., additional, Sonobe, T., additional, Vorauer-Uhl, K., additional, Wagner, A., additional, Katinger, H., additional, Weeke-Klimp, A. H., additional, Bartsch, M., additional, Meijer, D. K. F., additional, Zeisig, R., additional, Walther, W., additional, Reß, A., additional, Fichtner, I., additional, Zschörnig, O., additional, Schiller, J., additional, Süß, M., additional, Bergmeier, C., additional, Arnold, K., additional, Nchinda, Godwin, additional, Überla, Klaus, additional, and Zschörnig, Olaf, additional

Published
2003
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9. Poster Abstracts

Author

Littger, Ralf, Alke, Alexandra, Tewes, Bernhard, Gropp, Felix, Asai, T., Watanabe, K., Kuromi, K., Kurohane, K., Ogino, K., Taki, T., Tsukada, H., Nakayama, J., Oku, N., Babai, I., Matyas, G., Baranji, L., Milosevits, J., Alving, C. R., Bendas, G., Rothe, U., Scherphof, G. L., Kamps, J. A. A. M., Kessner, S., Rothe, U., Bendas, G., Carafa, M., Di Stefano, A., Sozio, P., Cacciatore, I., Mosciatti, B., Santucci, E., Choice, E., Harvie, P., Galbraith, T., Zunder, E., Dutzar, B., Anklesaria, P., Paul, R., Cocquyt, J., De Cuyper, M., Van der Meeren, P., Cruz, M. E. M., Gaspar, M. M., Silva, M. T., Dathe, M., Nikolenko, H., Wessolowski, A., Schmieder, P., Beyermann, M., Bienert, M., Santos, N. Dos, Cox, K. A., Allen, C., Gallagher, R. C., Ickenstein, L., Mayer, L. D., Bally, M. B., Fischer, S., Margalit, R., Freisleben, H.-J., Garidel, P., Chen, H. C., Moore, D., Mendelsohn, R., Garidel, P., Keller, M., Hildebrand, A., Blume, A., Girão da Cruz, M. T., Simões, S., Pedroso de Lima, M. C., Graser, A., Nahde, T., Fahr, A., Müller, R., Müller-Brüsselbach, S., Harvie, P., Dutzar, B., Choice, E., Cudmore, S., O'Mahony, D., Anklesaria, P., Paul, R., Hoving, S., van Tiel, S. T., Seynhaeve, A. L. B., Ambagtsheer, G., Eggermont, A. M. M., ten Hagen, T. L. M., Høyrup, P., Jensen, S. S., Jørgensen, K., Iden, D., Kuang, H., Mullen, P., Jacobs, C., Roben, P., Stevens, T., Lollo, C., Ishida, T., Maeda, R., Masuda, K., Ichihara, M., Kiwada, H., Jung, K., Reszka, R., Kaiser, N., Ohloff, I., Linser-Haar, S., Massing, U., Schubert, R., Kan, P., Tsao, C. W., Chen, W. K., Wang, A. J., Kimpfler, A., Gerber, C., Wieschollek, A., Bruchelt, G., Schubert, R., Kobayashi, T., Okada, Y., Ishida, T., Sone, S., Harashima, H., Maruyama, K., Kiwada, H., Kondo, Masayo, Lee, Chun Man, Tanaka, Toshiyuki, Su, Wei, Kitagawa, Toru, Ito, Toshinori, Matsuda, Hikaru, Murai, Toshiyuki, Miyasaka, Masayuki, Junji, Kimura, Kondo, Masami, Asai, Tomohiro, Ogino, Koichi, Taki, Takao, Tsukada, Hideo, Baba, Kazuhiko, Oku, Naoto, Koning, G. A., Wauben, M. H. M., ten Hagen, T. L. M., Vestweber, D., Everts, M., Kok, R. J., Schraa, A. J., Molema, G., Schiffelers, R. M., Storm, G., Kristl, J., Šentjurc, M., Abramovi, Z., Landry, S., Perron, S., Bestman-Smith, J., Désormeaux, A., Tremblay, M. J., Bergeron, M. G., Madeira, C., Loura, L. M. S., Fedorov, A., Prieto, M., Aires-Barros, M. R., Marques, C. M., Simões, S. I., Cruz, M. E., Cevc, G., Martins, M. B., Moreira, J. N., Gaspar, R., Allen, T. M., Esposito, C., Ortaggi, G., Bianco, A., Bonadies, F., Malizia, D., Napolitano, R., Cametti, C., Mossa, G., Endert, Gerold, Essler, Frank, Lutz, Silke, Panzner, Steffen, Pastorino, F., Brignole, C., Pagnan, G., Moase, E. H., Allen, T. M., Ponzoni, M., Pavelic, Z., Škalko-Basnet, N., Jalšenjak, I., Penacho, N., Simões, S., Pedroso de Lima, M. C., Pisano, C., Bucci, F., Serafini, S., Martinelli, R., Cupelli, A., Marconi, A., Ferrara, F. F., Santaniello, M., Critelli, L., Tinti, O., Luisi, P., Carminati, P., Santaniello, M., Bucci, F., Tinti, O., Pisano, C., Critelli, L., Galletti, B., Luisi, P., Carminati, P., Sauer, I., Nikolenko, H., Dathe, M., Schleef, M., Voß, C., Schmidt, T., Flaschel, E., König, S., Wenger, T., Dumond, J., Bogetto, N., Reboud-Ravaux, M., Schramm, H. J., Schramm, W., Sheynis, T., Rozner, S., Kolusheva, S., Satchell, D., Jelnik, R., Shigeta, Y., Imanaka, H., Ando, H., Makino, T., Kurohane, K., Oku, N., Baba, N., Shimizu, K., Asai, T., Takada, M., Baba, K., Namba, Y., Oku, N., Simberg, Dmitri, Danino, Dganit, Talmon, Yeshayahu, Minsky, Abraham, Ferrari, Marilyn E., Wheeler, Carl J., Barenholz, Yechezkel, Takada, Miki, Shimizu, Kosuke, Kuromi, Koici, Asai, Tomohiro, Baba, Kazuhiko, Oku, Naoto, Takeuchi, Y., Kurohane, K., North, J. R., Namba, Y., Nango, M., Oku, N., Tewes, B., Köchling, T., Deissler, M., Kühl, C., Marx, U., Strote, G., Gropp, F., Qualls, Marquita M., Kim, Jong-Mok, Thompson, David H., Zhang, Zhi-Yi, Shum, Pochi, Collier, Joel H., Hu, Bi-Huang, Ruberti, Jeffrey W., Messersmith, Phillip B., Thompson, David H., Tsuruda, T., Nakade, A., Sadzuka, Y., Hirota, S., Sonobe, T., Vorauer-Uhl, K., Wagner, A., Katinger, H., Wagner, A., Vorauer-Uhl, K., Katinger, H., Weeke-Klimp, A. H., Bartsch, M., Meijer, D. K. F., Scherphof, G. L., Kamps, J. A. A. M., Zeisig, R., Walther, W., Reß, A., Fichtner, I., Zschörnig, O., Schiller, J., Süß, M., Bergmeier, C., Arnold, K., Nchinda, Godwin, Überla, Klaus, and Zschörnig, Olaf

Abstract

DOCSPER—A Synthetic Lipid Fit for In Vivo ApplicationDOCSPER [1,3-Dioleoyloxy-2-(N5-carbamoyl-spermine)-propane] is a cationic amphiphile consisting of a hydrophobic 1,3 dioleylglycerol moiety and threefold positively charged spermine head group (1). We optimised the 5-step-synthesis of the lipospermine and after up-scaling we have obtained sufficient amounts to initiate preclinical investigations. DOCSPER was tested for its ability to transfect eukaryotic cells in vitro. It has proven to possess high transfection efficiency in comparison to commercially available liposomal transfection agents. Furthermore, DOCSPER was extensively tested in several in vivo studies (23). These studies revealed a high transfection efficiency, whereas very low toxicity levels were detected. Thus, the results clearly indicate that the cationic lipid DOCSPER is a reliable, low-risk system for broad applications in gene therapy.Groth D. et al. Int J Pharm 1998; 162:143–157.Nikol S. et al. Int J Angiol 2000; 9:87–95.Armeanu S. et al. Mol Ther 2000; 1(4):366–375.

Published
1982
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10. Archaebacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerases testify to the evolution of the eukaryotic nuclear genome.

Author

Pühler, G, Leffers, H, Gropp, F, Palm, P, Klenk, H P, Lottspeich, F, Garrett, R A, and Zillig, W

Abstract

Genes for DNA-dependent RNA polymerase components B, A, and C from the archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and for components B", B', A, and C from the archaebacterium Halobacterium halobium were cloned and sequenced. They are organized in gene clusters in the order above, which corresponds to the order of the homologous rpoB and rpoC genes in the corresponding operon of the Escherichia coli genome. Derived amino acid sequences of archaebacterial components A and C were aligned with each other and with the sequences of corresponding (largest) subunits from the archaebacterium Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, with sequences of various eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases I, II, and III, and with the sequence of the beta' component from E. coli polymerase. The archaebacterial genes for component A are homologous to about the first two-thirds of genes for the eukaryotic component A and the eubacterial component beta', and the archaebacterial genes for component C are homologous to the last third of the genes for the eukaryotic component A and the eubacterial component beta'. Unrooted phylogenetic dendrograms derived from both distance matrix and parsimony analyses show the archaebacteria are a coherent group closely related to the eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase II and/or III lineages. The eukaryotic polymerase I lineage appears to arise separately from a bifurcation with the eubacterial beta' component lineage.

Published
1989
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11. THE EVOLUTION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION APPARATUS

Author

Zillig, W., Schnabel, R., Thomm, Michael, Gropp, F., Reiter, W. D., Schleifer, Karl H., and Stackebrandt, Erko

Subjects
570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie, ddc:570
Published
1985

14. Improved oral bioavailability of human growth hormone by a combination of liposomes containing bio-enhancers and tetraether lipids and omeprazole.

Author

Parmentier J, Hofhaus G, Thomas S, Cuesta LC, Gropp F, Schröder R, Hartmann K, and Fricker G

Subjects
Administration, Oral, Animals, Biological Availability, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods, Duodenum metabolism, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa metabolism, Jejunum metabolism, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Human Growth Hormone chemistry, Human Growth Hormone metabolism, Lipids chemistry, Liposomes chemistry, Liposomes metabolism, Omeprazole chemistry, Omeprazole metabolism
Abstract

Liposomes for the oral delivery of human growth hormone (hGH) containing bio-enhancers and tetraether lipids were prepared by dual asymmetric centrifugation. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CpCl), d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 400 succinate, phenylpiperazine, sodium caprate or octadecanethiol were used as permeation enhancers. In vitro data showed that oligolamellar vesicles with average size in the range of 200-250 nm were formed. Performance of the formulations was investigated both ex vivo by confocal microscopy scans of sections of rat small intestine and in vivo by comparing the area under the plasma curve of hGH after oral or subcutaneous (s.c.) application. The microscopic data reveal an interaction between the liposomal formulation and the intestinal mucus layer. Particularly one formulation, which was designed to be mucus penetrative by addition of a high quantity of TPGS 400 and a ζ-potential close to 0 mV, showed a very strong mucus association in the duodenum and jejunum. Vesicles with CpCl 33% (mol/mol) led to a relative hGH bioavailability of 3.4% compared with s.c. control, whereas free hGH administered orally showed a bioavailability of only 0.01%., (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.)

Published
2014
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15. Oral peptide delivery by tetraether lipid liposomes.

Author

Parmentier J, Thewes B, Gropp F, and Fricker G

Subjects
Animals, Biological Availability, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Diglycerides isolation & purification, Diglycerides pharmacokinetics, Drug Carriers isolation & purification, Drug Carriers pharmacokinetics, Drug Compounding, Drug Stability, Glycolipids isolation & purification, Glycolipids pharmacokinetics, Liposomes, Male, Molecular Structure, Octreotide administration & dosage, Octreotide pharmacokinetics, Particle Size, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius chemistry, Tissue Distribution, Diglycerides chemistry, Drug Carriers chemistry, Glycolipids chemistry, Peptides administration & dosage
Abstract

The aim of this study is to improve of oral peptide delivery by a novel type of liposomes containing tetraether lipids (TELs) derived from archaea bacteria. Liposomes were used for the oral delivery of the somatostatin analogue octreotide. TELs were extracted from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and subsequently purified to single compounds. Liposomes were prepared by the film method followed by extrusion. Vesicles in size between 130 and 207 nm were obtained as confirmed by photon correlation spectroscopy. The pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled TELs in liposomes was investigated after oral administration to rats. 1.6% of the applied radioactivity in fed and 1.5% in fasted rats was recovered in the blood and inner organs after 2h, while most of the radioactivity remained in the gastro-intestinal tract. After 24h the percentage of radioactivity in inner organs was reduced to 0.6% in fed rats, respectively 1.0% in fasted animals. Several liposomal formulations containing dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and TELs in different ratios were loaded with octreotide and orally administered. Liposomes with 25% TEL could improve the oral bioavailability of octreotide 4.1-fold and one formulation with a cationic TEL derivative 4.6-fold. TEL-liposomes probably act by protecting the peptide in the gastro-intestinal tract., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2011
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16. [The determination of von Willebrand factor activity in the plasma of dogs. 1. Experimental evaluation and methods].

Author

Jurina K, Gropp F, and Oechtering G

Subjects
Animals, Breeding, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay veterinary, Humans, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Dogs blood, von Willebrand Factor analysis
Abstract

Using a new aggregometer, the plasma activity of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in dogs was measured. The method is described. It has the advantage of being more precisely for the diagnosis of von Willebrand's disease than the determination of von Willebrand antigen (vWF: Ag) by using an ELISA. With the method described reproducible and reliable result can be obtained.

Published
1996

17. Effects of upstream deletions on light- and oxygen-regulated bacterio-opsin gene expression in Halobacterium halobium.

Author

Gropp F, Gropp R, and Betlach MC

Subjects
Bacteriorhodopsins metabolism, Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, Conserved Sequence, Genes, Bacterial, Halobacterium salinarum growth & development, Halobacterium salinarum metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Phenotype, RNA, Bacterial genetics, RNA, Messenger biosynthesis, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Transcription, Genetic, Bacteriorhodopsins genetics, Gene Deletion, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Halobacterium salinarum genetics, Light, Oxygen metabolism
Abstract

The bacterio-opsin gene (bop) of Halobacterium halobium is located within a cluster with three other genes. Growth conditions of high light intensity and low oxygen tension induce bop gene cluster expression. To identify putative regulatory factor binding sites upstream of the bop gene, we have compared sequences upstream of the bop gene with the corresponding sequences from two other genes in the bop gene cluster. Conserved sequence motifs were observed which may mediate the effect of high light intensity and/or low oxygen tension on bop gene expression. Based on these motifs, a set of mutants was constructed which contained deletions upstream of the bop gene. These constructs were tested in a host strain where bop gene expression is independent of oxygen regulation and in another strain where it is regulated by oxygen and light. The minimal upstream sequence required for both light- and oxygen-regulated bop gene expression was determined to be 54 bp.

Published
1995
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18. The immunity-conferring plasmid p phi HL from the Halobacterium salinarium phage phi H: nucleotide sequence and transcription.

Author

Gropp F, Grampp B, Stolt P, Palm P, and Zillig W

Subjects
Base Sequence, Blotting, Northern, Blotting, Southern, DNA, Viral chemistry, Kinetics, Lysogeny, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Restriction Mapping, Bacteriophages genetics, DNA, Viral genetics, Halobacterium genetics, Plasmids, Transcription, Genetic
Abstract

The complete nucleotide sequence of the plasmid p phi HL, composing the central 12,041-bp L-region from the temperate phage phi H of Halobacterium salinarium is presented. Transcripts mapped to the p phi HL and the L-region produced under immune conditions, under lytic growth or constitutively, are described. The sequences upstream of the transcription start points show homology to the consensus sequence for archaeal (formerly archaebacterial) promoters. Lytic transcription is shown to be strictly time-dependent, with an early gene product required for the expression of late genes.

Published
1992
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19. Heterologous in vitro transcription from two archaebacterial promoters.

Author

Hüdepohl U, Gropp F, Horne M, and Zillig W

Subjects
Bacteriophages genetics, Base Sequence, Biological Evolution, Cell-Free System metabolism, Halobacterium genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Restriction Mapping, Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases metabolism, Archaea genetics, Archaeal Proteins, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Membrane Proteins, Promoter Regions, Genetic genetics, Proteins, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription, Genetic genetics
Abstract

A cell-free extract of Sulfolobus shibatae is able to specifically initiate transcription in vitro at the promoter of the plasmid-encoded gene for the major gas vesicle protein of Halobacterium halobium and at the promoter for the transcript T4 of the temperate H. halobium phage phi H. The corresponding promoter from the virulent phage mutant phi HL1 yields enhanced transcription in the heterologous system, in agreement with strongly increased in vivo expression.

Published
1991
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20. Comparative evaluation of gene expression in archaebacteria.

Author

Zillig W, Palm P, Reiter WD, Gropp F, Pühler G, and Klenk HP

Subjects
Archaea genetics, Bacteria genetics, Gene Expression Regulation
Abstract

Gene organization, gene structure, especially regarding transcription and translation signals, and the structure of essential components of the gene expression machinery of archaebacteria are compared with those of eubacteria and eukaryotes. Many features of the genetic machinery of archaebacteria are shared either with eubacteria or with eukaryotes. For example, the translation signals including ribosome-binding sites are the same as in eubacteria, but the consensus sequence of archaebacterial promoters closely resembles that of the eukaryotic polymerase II promoters. Archaebacterial genes can be organized in transcription units resembling those of eubacteria. But the sequences of several protein components of the genetic machinery have strikingly more homology with those of their eukaryotic than with those of their eubacterial correspondents. The sequences of the large components of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases of archaebacteria closely resemble those of the eukaryotic RNA polymerases II and, somewhat less, III. In a dendrogram calculated from percentage homology data, the eukaryotic RNA polymerase I component A shares a branching point with the eubacterial component. The implications of these findings for the origin and the evolution of the eukaryotic ancestry are discussed.

Published
1988
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21. Presence of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii.

Author

Werner E, Sohst S, Gropp F, Simon D, Wagner H, and Kröger H

Subjects
Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Chromatin isolation & purification, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Dinoflagellida enzymology, Glycoside Hydrolases isolation & purification, NAD+ Nucleosidase isolation & purification, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases isolation & purification
Abstract

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase have been detected in chromatin extracts from the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase was detected by the liberation of ADP-ribose from poly(ADP-ribose). Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase was proved by (a) demonstration of phosphoribosyl-AMP in the phosphodiesterase digest of the reaction product, (b) demonstration of ADP-ribose oligomers by fractionation of the reaction product on DEAE-Sephadex. The (ADP-ribose)-protein transfer is dependent on DNA; it is inhibited by nicotinamide, thymidine, theophylline and benzamide. The protein-(ADP-ribose bond is susceptible to 0.1 M NaOH (70%) and 0.4 M NH2OH (33%). Dinoflagellates, nucleated protists, are unique in that their chromatin lacks histones and shows a conformation like bacterial chromatin [Loeblich, A. R., III (1976) J. Protozool. 23, 13--28]; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, however, has been found only in eucaryotes. Thus our results suggest that histones were not relevant to the establishment of poly(ADP-ribose) during evolution.

Published
1984
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22. Expression and regulation of Halobacterium halobium phage phi H genes.

Author

Gropp F, Palm P, and Zillig W

Subjects
Bacteriophages growth & development, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Lysogeny, Mutation, Plasmids, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Time Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Virus Activation, Bacteriophages genetics, Genes, Viral, Halobacterium genetics
Abstract

In this paper we describe five distinct modes of phi H gene expression: (i) transcription of phage phi H during lytic growth on the sensitive host bacterium (Halobacterium halobium strain R1); (ii) transcription of the circularized prophage phi H1 in strain R(1)24; (iii) transcription of the L region of phi H present as 12-kilobase-plasmid in the immune strain R1L; (iv) transcription during the lytic growth of phage mutants containing an ISH23/50 in the immune strain R1L; (v) transcription during lytic growth of ISH23/50-insertion mutants in the sensitive host bacterium R1 showing enhancement of early transcripts. The sequential expression of the phage genome is described together with a detailed analysis of the transcription of early lytic, constitutive, and immune genes that map in the L region. The putative promoter sequences determined for several phage genes were compared with the upstream sequences of the H. halobium DNA-dependent RNA polymerase large subunit genes and with the gene for the ribosomal protein S12 homolog of H. halobium. The similarity of these putative promoter elements revealed conserved motifs that are discussed in relation to the TATA-box motif recognized by the eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II.

Published
1989
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23. Plasmid-related anaerobic autotrophy of the novel archaebacterium Sulfolobus ambivalens.

Author

Zillig W, Yeats S, Holz I, Böck A, Gropp F, Rettenberger M, and Lutz S

Subjects
Anaerobiosis, Archaea metabolism, Bacterial Proteins analysis, Carbon Dioxide metabolism, DNA Restriction Enzymes, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Gene Amplification, Sulfur metabolism, Archaea genetics, Bacteria genetics, Plasmids
Abstract

Three different species of the genus Sulfolobus, S. acidocaldarius, S. solfataricus (= Caldariella) and S. brierleyi, have been distinguished by the conditions required for optimal growth, by the component patterns of their DNA-dependent RNA polymerases and by DNA sequence data. Many isolates of these species are able to grow chemolithoautotrophically using CO2 as the sole carbon source and the oxidation of S(0) with O2 yielding sulphuric acid, as the energy source, though a few others grow only heterotrophically. We show here that a strain of a novel Sulfolobus species, S. ambivalens, is alternatively able to live by an anaerobic mode of chemolithoautotrophy, also using CO2 as the sole carbon source, but using reduction of S(0) with H2, yielding H2S as the energy source. This mode of growth is correlated with the amplification of a plasmid, pSL10.

Published
1985
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24. Sequence, organization, transcription and evolution of RNA polymerase subunit genes from the archaebacterial extreme halophiles Halobacterium halobium and Halococcus morrhuae.

Author

Leffers H, Gropp F, Lottspeich F, Zillig W, and Garrett RA

Subjects
Base Sequence, Biological Evolution, Chromosome Mapping, Cloning, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Multigene Family, Transcription, Genetic, Archaea genetics, Bacteria genetics, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases genetics, Genes, Bacterial, Halobacterium genetics
Abstract

The genes for the four largest subunits, A, B', B" and C, of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase were cloned from the extreme halophile Halobacterium halobium and sequenced and their transcription was analyzed. The downstream half of this gene cluster from another extreme halophile Halococcus morrhuae was also cloned, sequenced and its transcription products characterized. The H. halobium genes were transcribed into a common transcript from an upstream promoter in the order B", B', A and C. They are flanked by, and co-transcribed with, two smaller genes coding for 75 and 139 amino acid residues, respectively. Immediately downstream from these genes were two open reading frames that are homologous to ribosomal proteins S12 and S7 from Escherichia coli. In both extreme halophiles these genes were transcribed from their own promoter, but in Hc. morrhuae there was also considerable read-through from the RNA polymerase genes. Sequence alignment studies showed that the combined B" + B' subunits are equivalent to the B subunits of the eukaryotic polymerases I and II and to the eubacterial beta subunit, while the combined A + C subunits correspond to the A subunits of eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II and III and to the eubacterial beta' subunit. The sequence similarity to the eukaryotic subunits was always much higher than to the eubacterial subunits. Conserved sequence regions within the individual subunits were located which are likely to constitute functionally important domains; they include sites associated with rifampicin and alpha-amanitin binding and two possible zinc binding fingers. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequence alignments confirmed that the extreme halophiles belong to the archaebacterial kingdom.

Published
1989
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25. The phylogenetic relations of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases of archaebacteria, eukaryotes, and eubacteria.

Author

Zillig W, Klenk HP, Palm P, Pühler G, Gropp F, Garrett RA, and Leffers H

Subjects
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Archaea enzymology, Chromosome Deletion, DNA Transposable Elements, Eubacterium enzymology, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Species Specificity, Archaea genetics, Bacteria genetics, Cells enzymology, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases genetics, Eubacterium genetics, Eukaryotic Cells enzymology
Abstract

Unrooted phylogenetic dendrograms were calculated by two independent methods, parsimony and distance matrix analysis, from an alignment of the derived amino acid sequences of the A and C subunits of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerases of the archaebacteria Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and Halobacterium halobium with 12 corresponding sequences including a further set of archaebacterial A+C subunits, eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases, pol I, pol II, and pol III, eubacterial beta' and chloroplast beta' and beta" subunits. They show the archaebacteria as a coherent group in close neighborhood of and sharing a bifurcation with eukaryotic pol II and (or) pol IIIA components. The most probable trees show pol IA branching off from the tree separately at a bifurcation with the eubacterial beta' lineage. The implications of these results, especially for understanding the possibly chimeric origin of the eukaryotic nuclear genome, are discussed.

Published
1989
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