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7. Latest Pleistocene and Holocene primary producer communities and hydroclimate in Lake Victoria, eastern Africa

Author

Wienhues, Giulia, Lami, Andrea, Bernasconi, Stefano, Jaggi, Madalina, Morlock, Marina A., Vogel, Hendrik, Cohen, Andrew S., Courtney Mustaphi, Colin J., Heiri, Oliver, King, Leighton, Kishe, Mary A., Misra, Pavani, Muschick, Moritz, Ngoepe, Nare, Matthews, Blake, Seehausen, Ole, Temoltzin-Loranca, Yunuen, Tinner, Willy, and Grosjean, Martin

Published
2024
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8. Long-term ecological successions of vegetation around Lake Victoria (East Africa) in response to latest Pleistocene and Early Holocene climatic changes

Author

Temoltzin-Loranca, Yunuén, Gobet, Erika, Vannière, Boris, van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F.N., Wienhues, Giulia, Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin, Kishe, Mary, Muschick, Moritz, King, Leighton, Misra, Pavani, Ngoepe, Nare, Matthews, Blake, Vogel, Hendrik, Heiri, Oliver, Seehausen, Ole, Grosjean, Martin, and Tinner, Willy

Published
2023
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13. Ecological responses to solar forcing during the Homerian Climate Anomaly recorded by varved sediments from Holzmaar, Germany.

Author

García, María Luján, Birlo, Stella, Zahajská, Petra, Wienhues, Giulia, Grosjean, Martin, and Zolitschka, Bernd

Subjects
LAKE sediments, SOLAR oscillations, SULFUR bacteria, X-ray fluorescence, SPECTRAL imaging, DIATOMS
Abstract

Features like solar cyclicities and trends as well as grand solar minima are used to attribute natural climate variability to solar forcing on decadal to millennial time scales. Here we focus on ecological responses of a Grand Solar Minimum on annually- laminated lake sediments from Holzmaar (Germany) covering the Homeric Climate Anomaly (HCA). Diatom assemblages and pigments of purple sulphur bacteria (Bphe a) analysed at decadal resolution document well-stratified conditions with relatively low lacustrine productivity prior to the HCA (2950–2750 cal. BP). Colder temperatures, a well-mixed water column and higher primary aquatic productivity established during the HCA (2750–2680 cal. BP) as indicated for Holzmaar by dominance of the planktonic diatom Stephanodiscus minutulus, decreasing Bphe a and peaking total chloropigment concentrations. The termination of the HCA after 2680 cal. BP is marked by additional anthropogenic signals related to deforestation that changed the catchment at the contemporaneous Bronze Age/Iron Age transition. Our high-resolution and well-dated multiproxy study based on varved sediments contributes to a better understanding of decadal-scale responses of aquatic ecosystems to solar forcing and compares well with hypotheses suggested by other investigations indicating colder and more windy climatic conditions as the consequences of a Grand Solar Minimum for mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Subdecadal Holocene Warm‐Season Temperature Variability in Central Europe Recorded by Biochemical Varves.

Author

Zander, Paul D., Żarczyński, Maurycy, Tylmann, Wojciech, Vogel, Hendrik, and Grosjean, Martin

Subjects
CLIMATE change, HOLOCENE Epoch, SPRING, LAKE sediments, VARVES
Abstract

Paleoclimate data provide important information about the character of natural climate variability. However, records with sufficient length and resolution to resolve high‐frequency (decadal‐scale) variability across the Holocene are scarce. We present a 10,800‐year reconstruction of spring and summer temperature at three‐year resolution based on biochemical varves from Lake Żabińskie, Poland. The reconstruction is based on Ca/Ti ratio, which are significantly correlated with instrumental spring and summer temperature spanning 240 years. Major climate events of the Holocene period are represented in the reconstruction, including the Holocene Thermal Maximum, 8.2 ka Event, Medieval Climate Anomaly, and Little Ice Age. A low‐frequency 8,000‐year decreasing trend in warm‐season temperatures is driven by declining summer insolation. Temperature variability is highest during the early Holocene, likely related to warmer and drier conditions. The rate of warming during the past 90 years is extremely unusual, if not unprecedented for the Holocene, based on our reconstruction. Plain Language Summary: Studying past climate change helps us understand how the climate system works. One aspect of past climate that is not well understood is how much temperatures changed from year to year and over decades during warm periods of Earth's history. In this study, we measured chemical properties of lake sediments from Poland and found that chemical changes were related to spring and summer temperature changes. We used this data to estimate spring and summer temperatures during the past 10,800 years. Relatively warm summers occurred around 9,000–7,500 years ago, a period known from other studies to be relatively warm in the northern hemisphere. We also found greater variability in temperatures during this warm period. Our long record of spring and summer temperatures shows that the warming rate of the past 90 years is most likely faster than any time during the past 10,800 years, showing that human‐caused global warming is more extreme than natural climate variations. Key Points: 10,800‐year‐long, 3‐year‐resolution, warm‐season temperature reconstruction from biochemical varves from Lake Żabińskie, PolandPeak summer temperatures occurred during the early Holocene with declining summer insolation driving cooling during the past 8,000 yearsThe rate of modern warming is highly unusual, at least 4 standard deviations above the mean temperature trend of the past 10,800 years [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Fine-Tuning of Sub-Annual Resolution Spectral Index Time Series from Eifel Maar Sediments, Western Germany, to the NGRIP δ 18 O Chronology, 26–60 ka.

Author

Albert, Johannes, Zander, Paul D., Grosjean, Martin, and Sirocko, Frank

Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, VOLCANIC fields, ICE cores, REFLECTANCE spectroscopy, SPECTRAL imaging
Abstract

Recent technological advancements in spectral imaging core-scanning techniques have proved to be a promising tool to study lake sediments at extremely high resolution. We used this novel analytical approach to scan core AU3 of the Pleistocene Auel maar, Western Germany. The resulting ultra-high-resolution RABD670 spectral index, a proxy for the lake's primary production, shows an almost complete succession of Greenland Interstadials of the NGRIP ice core chronology back to around 60,000 years. Using the ELSA-20 chronology and its anchor points to the NGRIP record as a stratigraphic basis, we were able to compare and fine-tune prominent climate signals occurring in both regions. This in-depth correlation yields strong evidence that the climates of Greenland and Central Europe were not only strongly coupled on timescales of stadials and interstadials but even on multidecadal scales, showing prominent climate cycles between 20 and 125 years. As climate changes in these regions were ultimately driven by variations in the North Atlantic meridional heat transport, their strong coupling becomes most apparent during cold and arid intervals. In contrast, longer-lasting warmer and more humid phases caused the activation of various regional feedback mechanisms (e.g., soil formation, forest growth), resulting in more complex patterns in the proxy records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. A novel, continuous high-resolution palaeoecological record from central Italy suggests comparable land-use dynamics in Southern and Central Europe during the Neolithic.

Author

Beffa, Giorgia, Gobet, Erika, Hächler, Luc, Isola, Ilaria, Morlock, Marina A, Sadori, Laura, Schläfli, Patrick, Rey, Fabian, van Vugt, Lieveke, Vogel, Hendrik, Zander, Paul D, Zanchetta, Giovanni, Grosjean, Martin, and Tinner, Willy

Subjects
CLIMATE change, COPPER Age, PALEOECOLOGY, HOLM oak, ECOLOGICAL disturbances
Abstract

Although rare, temporally and taxonomically highly-resolved palaeoecological studies with high chronological precision are essential to perform detailed comparisons with precisely dated independent evidence such as archaeological findings, historical events, or palaeoclimatic data. Using a new highly-resolved and chronologically precise sedimentary record from Lago di Mezzano (central Italy), we reconstruct decadal-scale vegetation, species diversity, and fire dynamics, aiming to better understand the linkages between climate, land use, fire, and plant communities from the Neolithic to the Copper Age (c. 5100–3100 cal. BC). Closed, mixed beech-oak forests, including evergreen Quercus ilex, dominated the landscape around Lago di Mezzano during the Neolithic and were disturbed by repeated opening phases, with important implications for lake biogeochemistry and mixing regimes. This was in conjunction with increasing fire activity to promote agro-pastoral practices, as inferred from increasing charcoal, Cerealia type, Triticum type, Hordeum type, Plantago lanceolata type, and Urtica pollen. Fires, on their turn, augmented species diversity (richness and evenness). The comparison of the Mediterranean record from Lago di Mezzano with available continuous and high-precision submediterranean and cool-temperate palynological sequences suggests comparable land use pulses across Southern and Central European regions, most likely in connection with climate change. The outcomes of this study are not only of palaeoecological and archaeological interest; they may also help to improve projections of ecosystem dynamics under future global change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Temporal dynamics of invertebrate community assembly in Lake Victoria since the late Pleistocene based on chitinous remains

Author

King, Leighton, primary, Courtney‐Mustaphi, Colin, additional, Cuenca‐Cambronero, Maria, additional, Wienhues, Giulia, additional, Ngoepe, Nare, additional, Muschick, Moritz, additional, Temoltzin‐Loranca, Yunuen, additional, Vogel, Hendrik, additional, Grosjean, Martin, additional, Tinner, Willy, additional, Cohen, Andrew, additional, Kishe, Mary, additional, Heiri, Oliver, additional, Seehausen, Ole, additional, and Matthews, Blake, additional

Published
2024
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22. Testing alternative hypotheses for the decline of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria using fish tooth time series from sediment cores

Author

Ngoepe, Nare, primary, Merz, Alenya, additional, King, Leighton, additional, Wienhues, Giulia, additional, Kishe, Mary A., additional, Mwaiko, Salome, additional, Misra, Pavani, additional, Grosjean, Martin, additional, Matthews, Blake, additional, Mustaphi, Colin Courtney, additional, Heiri, Oliver, additional, Cohen, Andrew, additional, Tinner, Willy, additional, Muschick, Moritz, additional, and Seehausen, Ole, additional

Published
2024
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25. From desiccation to wetlands and outflow : rapid re-filling of Lake Victoria during the Latest Pleistocene 14–13 ka

Author

Wienhues, Giulia, Temoltzin-Loranca, Yunuen, Vogel, Hendrik, Morlock, Marina A., Cohen, Andrew S., Anselmetti, Flavio S., Bernasconi, Stefano M., Jaggi, Madalina, Tylmann, Wojciech, Kishe, Mary A., King, Leighton, Ngoepe, Nare, Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin J., Muschick, Moritz, Matthews, Blake, Mwaiko, Salome, Seehausen, Ole, Tinner, Willy, Grosjean, Martin, Wienhues, Giulia, Temoltzin-Loranca, Yunuen, Vogel, Hendrik, Morlock, Marina A., Cohen, Andrew S., Anselmetti, Flavio S., Bernasconi, Stefano M., Jaggi, Madalina, Tylmann, Wojciech, Kishe, Mary A., King, Leighton, Ngoepe, Nare, Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin J., Muschick, Moritz, Matthews, Blake, Mwaiko, Salome, Seehausen, Ole, Tinner, Willy, and Grosjean, Martin

Abstract

Reconstructing hydrological variability is critical for understanding Lake Victoria's ecosystem history, the evolution of its diverse endemic fish community, the dynamics of vegetation in the catchment, and the dispersal of aquatic and terrestrial fauna in the East African Rift system during Latest Pleistocene and Holocene times. Whereas consensus exists on widespread desiccation of Lake Victoria ∼18 – 17 ka, the re-filling history (16 – 13 ka) has remained highly controversial. Here, we present data from four new sediment cores along a depth transect. We use lithostratigraphic core correlation, sediment facies, XRF data, wetland vegetation analysis (Typha pollen), and 14C chronologies of unprecedented precision to document Latest Pleistocene lake-level variability. At our coring site in the central basin, local Typha wetlands existed >16.7 ka, alternating with periods of desiccation. Moisture increased slightly between ca. 16.7 – 14.5 ka and wetlands with permanent, shallow ponds established simultaneously in the center and the marginal, more elevated parts of the flat lake basin. After ca. 14.0 ka, lake levels increased; wetlands in the central basin were submerged and replaced by lacustrine environments and a >50 m deep lake established ca. 13.5 ka, likely with intermittent overflow most of the time. The lake reached modern or even above-modern levels around 10.8 ka. This lake-level history is consistent with regional terrestrial paleoenvironmental reconstructions, notably the expansion of Afromontane and rainforest. Our data suggest a complex picture of paleoclimatic conditions in Eastern Africa and teleconnections to the North-Atlantic and Indian Ocean domains.

Published
2024
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31. From desiccation to wetlands and outflow: Rapid re-filling of Lake Victoria during the Latest Pleistocene 14–13 ka

Author

Wienhues, Giulia, primary, Temoltzin-Loranca, Yunuen, additional, Vogel, Hendrik, additional, Morlock, Marina A., additional, Cohen, Andrew S., additional, Anselmetti, Flavio S., additional, Bernasconi, Stefano M., additional, Jaggi, Madalina, additional, Tylmann, Wojciech, additional, Kishe, Mary A., additional, King, Leighton, additional, Ngoepe, Nare, additional, Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin J., additional, Muschick, Moritz, additional, Matthews, Blake, additional, Mwaiko, Salome, additional, Seehausen, Ole, additional, Tinner, Willy, additional, and Grosjean, Martin, additional

Published
2023
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33. A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records

Author

Kaufman, Darrell, McKay, Nicholas, Routson, Cody, Erb, Michael, Davis, Basil, Heiri, Oliver, Jaccard, Samuel, Tierney, Jessica, Dätwyler, Christoph, Axford, Yarrow, Brussel, Thomas, Cartapanis, Olivier, Chase, Brian, Dawson, Andria, de Vernal, Anne, Engels, Stefan, Jonkers, Lukas, Marsicek, Jeremiah, Moffa-Sánchez, Paola, Morrill, Carrie, Orsi, Anais, Rehfeld, Kira, Saunders, Krystyna, Sommer, Philipp S., Thomas, Elizabeth, Tonello, Marcela, Tóth, Mónika, Vachula, Richard, Andreev, Andrei, Bertrand, Sebastien, Biskaborn, Boris, Bringué, Manuel, Brooks, Stephen, Caniupán, Magaly, Chevalier, Manuel, Cwynar, Les, Emile-Geay, Julien, Fegyveresi, John, Feurdean, Angelica, Finsinger, Walter, Fortin, Marie-Claude, Foster, Louise, Fox, Mathew, Gajewski, Konrad, Grosjean, Martin, Hausmann, Sonja, Heinrichs, Markus, Holmes, Naomi, Ilyashuk, Boris, Ilyashuk, Elena, Juggins, Steve, Khider, Deborah, Koinig, Karin, Langdon, Peter, Larocque-Tobler, Isabelle, Li, Jianyong, Lotter, André, Luoto, Tomi, Mackay, Anson, Magyari, Eniko, Malevich, Steven, Mark, Bryan, Massaferro, Julieta, Montade, Vincent, Nazarova, Larisa, Novenko, Elena, Pařil, Petr, Pearson, Emma, Peros, Matthew, Pienitz, Reinhard, Płóciennik, Mateusz, Porinchu, David, Potito, Aaron, Rees, Andrew, Reinemann, Scott, Roberts, Stephen, Rolland, Nicolas, Salonen, Sakari, Self, Angela, Seppä, Heikki, Shala, Shyhrete, St-Jacques, Jeannine-Marie, Stenni, Barbara, Syrykh, Liudmila, Tarrats, Pol, Taylor, Karen, van den Bos, Valerie, Velle, Gaute, Wahl, Eugene, Walker, Ian, Wilmshurst, Janet, Zhang, Enlou, and Zhilich, Snezhana

Published
2020
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34. Publisher Correction: A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records

Author

Kaufman, Darrell, McKay, Nicholas, Routson, Cody, Erb, Michael, Davis, Basil, Heiri, Oliver, Jaccard, Samuel, Tierney, Jessica, Dätwyler, Christoph, Axford, Yarrow, Brussel, Thomas, Cartapanis, Olivier, Chase, Brian, Dawson, Andria, de Vernal, Anne, Engels, Stefan, Jonkers, Lukas, Marsicek, Jeremiah, Moffa-Sánchez, Paola, Morrill, Carrie, Orsi, Anais, Rehfeld, Kira, Saunders, Krystyna, Sommer, Philipp S., Thomas, Elizabeth, Tonello, Marcela, Tóth, Mónika, Vachula, Richard, Andreev, Andrei, Bertrand, Sebastien, Biskaborn, Boris, Bringué, Manuel, Brooks, Stephen, Caniupán, Magaly, Chevalier, Manuel, Cwynar, Les, Emile-Geay, Julien, Fegyveresi, John, Feurdean, Angelica, Finsinger, Walter, Fortin, Marie-Claude, Foster, Louise, Fox, Mathew, Gajewski, Konrad, Grosjean, Martin, Hausmann, Sonja, Heinrichs, Markus, Holmes, Naomi, Ilyashuk, Boris, Ilyashuk, Elena, Juggins, Steve, Khider, Deborah, Koinig, Karin, Langdon, Peter, Larocque-Tobler, Isabelle, Li, Jianyong, Lotter, André, Luoto, Tomi, Mackay, Anson, Magyari, Eniko, Malevich, Steven, Mark, Bryan, Massaferro, Julieta, Montade, Vincent, Nazarova, Larisa, Novenko, Elena, Pařil, Petr, Pearson, Emma, Peros, Matthew, Pienitz, Reinhard, Płóciennik, Mateusz, Porinchu, David, Potito, Aaron, Rees, Andrew, Reinemann, Scott, Roberts, Stephen, Rolland, Nicolas, Salonen, Sakari, Self, Angela, Seppä, Heikki, Shala, Shyhrete, St-Jacques, Jeannine-Marie, Stenni, Barbara, Syrykh, Liudmila, Tarrats, Pol, Taylor, Karen, van den Bos, Valerie, Velle, Gaute, Wahl, Eugene, Walker, Ian, Wilmshurst, Janet, Zhang, Enlou, and Zhilich, Snezhana

Published
2020
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35. Author Correction: A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records

Author

Kaufman, Darrell, McKay, Nicholas, Routson, Cody, Erb, Michael, Davis, Basil, Heiri, Oliver, Jaccard, Samuel, Tierney, Jessica, Dätwyler, Christoph, Axford, Yarrow, Brussel, Thomas, Cartapanis, Olivier, Chase, Brian, Dawson, Andria, de Vernal, Anne, Engels, Stefan, Jonkers, Lukas, Marsicek, Jeremiah, Moffa-Sánchez, Paola, Morrill, Carrie, Orsi, Anais, Rehfeld, Kira, Saunders, Krystyna, Sommer, Philipp S., Thomas, Elizabeth, Tonello, Marcela, Tóth, Mónika, Vachula, Richard, Andreev, Andrei, Bertrand, Sebastien, Biskaborn, Boris, Bringué, Manuel, Brooks, Stephen, Caniupán, Magaly, Chevalier, Manuel, Cwynar, Les, Emile-Geay, Julien, Fegyveresi, John, Feurdean, Angelica, Finsinger, Walter, Fortin, Marie-Claude, Foster, Louise, Fox, Mathew, Gajewski, Konrad, Grosjean, Martin, Hausmann, Sonja, Heinrichs, Markus, Holmes, Naomi, Ilyashuk, Boris, Ilyashuk, Elena, Juggins, Steve, Khider, Deborah, Koinig, Karin, Langdon, Peter, Larocque-Tobler, Isabelle, Li, Jianyong, Lotter, André, Luoto, Tomi, Mackay, Anson, Magyari, Eniko, Malevich, Steven, Mark, Bryan, Massaferro, Julieta, Montade, Vincent, Nazarova, Larisa, Novenko, Elena, Pařil, Petr, Pearson, Emma, Peros, Matthew, Pienitz, Reinhard, Płóciennik, Mateusz, Porinchu, David, Potito, Aaron, Rees, Andrew, Reinemann, Scott, Roberts, Stephen, Rolland, Nicolas, Salonen, Sakari, Self, Angela, Seppä, Heikki, Shala, Shyhrete, St-Jacques, Jeannine-Marie, Stenni, Barbara, Syrykh, Liudmila, Tarrats, Pol, Taylor, Karen, van den Bos, Valerie, Velle, Gaute, Wahl, Eugene, Walker, Ian, Wilmshurst, Janet, Zhang, Enlou, and Zhilich, Snezhana

Published
2020
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40. Corrigendum to: “Variations of sedimentary Fe and Mn fractions under changing lake mixing regimes, oxygenation and land surface processes during Late-glacial and Holocene times” [Sci. Total Environ. 755 (2021) 143418]

Author

Makri, Stamatina, primary, Wienhues, Giulia, additional, Bigalke, Moritz, additional, Gilli, Adrian, additional, Rey, Fabian, additional, Tinner, Willy, additional, Vogel, Hendrik, additional, and Grosjean, Martin, additional

Published
2023
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48. From desiccation to wetlands and outflow : rapid re-filling of Lake Victoria during the Latest Pleistocene 14–13 ka

Author

Wienhues, Giulia, Temoltzin-Loranca, Yunuen, Vogel, Hendrik, Morlock, Marina A., Cohen, Andrew S., Anselmetti, Flavio S., Bernasconi, Stefano M., Jaggi, Madalina, Tylmann, Wojciech, Kishe, Mary A., King, Leighton, Ngoepe, Nare, Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin J., Muschick, Moritz, Matthews, Blake, Mwaiko, Salome, Seehausen, Ole, Tinner, Willy, Grosjean, Martin, Wienhues, Giulia, Temoltzin-Loranca, Yunuen, Vogel, Hendrik, Morlock, Marina A., Cohen, Andrew S., Anselmetti, Flavio S., Bernasconi, Stefano M., Jaggi, Madalina, Tylmann, Wojciech, Kishe, Mary A., King, Leighton, Ngoepe, Nare, Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin J., Muschick, Moritz, Matthews, Blake, Mwaiko, Salome, Seehausen, Ole, Tinner, Willy, and Grosjean, Martin

Abstract

Reconstructing hydrological variability is critical for understanding Lake Victoria's ecosystem history, the evolution of its diverse endemic fish community, the dynamics of vegetation in the catchment, and the dispersal of aquatic and terrestrial fauna in the East African Rift system during Latest Pleistocene and Holocene times. Whereas consensus exists on widespread desiccation of Lake Victoria ∼18 – 17 ka, the re-filling history (16 – 13 ka) has remained highly controversial. Here, we present data from four new sediment cores along a depth transect. We use lithostratigraphic core correlation, sediment facies, XRF data, wetland vegetation analysis (Typha pollen), and 14C chronologies of unprecedented precision to document Latest Pleistocene lake-level variability. At our coring site in the central basin, local Typha wetlands existed >16.7 ka, alternating with periods of desiccation. Moisture increased slightly between ca. 16.7 – 14.5 ka and wetlands with permanent, shallow ponds established simultaneously in the center and the marginal, more elevated parts of the flat lake basin. After ca. 14.0 ka, lake levels increased; wetlands in the central basin were submerged and replaced by lacustrine environments and a >50 m deep lake established ca. 13.5 ka, likely with intermittent overflow most of the time. The lake reached modern or even above-modern levels around 10.8 ka. This lake-level history is consistent with regional terrestrial paleoenvironmental reconstructions, notably the expansion of Afromontane and rainforest. Our data suggest a complex picture of paleoclimatic conditions in Eastern Africa and teleconnections to the North-Atlantic and Indian Ocean domains.

Published
2023
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49. The impact of Holocene deglaciation and glacial dynamics on the landscapes and geomorphology of Potter Peninsula, King George Island (Isla 25 Mayo), NW Antarctic Peninsula

Author

Heredia Barión, Pablo A., Strelin, Jorge A., Roberts, Stephen J., Spiegel, Cornelia, Wacker, Lukas, Niedermann, Samuel, Bentley, Michael J., Pearson, Emma J., Manograsso Czalbowski, Tamara, Davies, Sarah J., Schnetger, Bernhard, Grosjean, Martin, Arcusa, Stephanie, Perren, Bianca, Kuhn, Gerhard, Heredia Barión, Pablo A., Strelin, Jorge A., Roberts, Stephen J., Spiegel, Cornelia, Wacker, Lukas, Niedermann, Samuel, Bentley, Michael J., Pearson, Emma J., Manograsso Czalbowski, Tamara, Davies, Sarah J., Schnetger, Bernhard, Grosjean, Martin, Arcusa, Stephanie, Perren, Bianca, and Kuhn, Gerhard

Abstract

The timing and impact of deglaciation and Holocene readvances on the terrestrial continental margins of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) have been well-studied but are still debated. Potter Peninsula on King George Island (KGI) (Isla 25 de Mayo), South Shetland Islands (SSI), NW Antarctic Peninsula, has a detailed assemblage of glacial landforms and stratigraphic exposures for constraining deglacial landscape development and glacier readvances. We undertook new morphostratigraphic mapping of the deglaciated foreland of the Warszawa Icefield, an outlet of the Bellingshausen (Collins) Ice Cap on Potter Peninsula, using satellite imagery and new lithofacies recognition and interpretations, combined with new chronostratigraphic analysis of stratigraphic sections, lake sediments, and moraine deposits. Results show that the deglaciation on Potter Peninsula began before c. 8.2 ka. Around c. 7.0 ka, the Warszawa Icefield and the marine-facing Fourcade Glacier readvanced across Potter Peninsula and to the outer part of Potter Cove. Evidence of further readvances on Potter Peninsula was absent until the Warszawa Icefield margin was landward of its present position on three occasions: c. 1.7–1.4 ka, after c. 0.7 ka (most likely c. 0.5–0.1 ka), and by 1956 CE. The timing of Holocene deglaciation and glacier fluctuations on Potter Peninsula are broadly coeval with other glacier- and ice-free areas on the SSI and the northern AP and likely driven by interactions between millennial–centennial-scale changes in solar insolation and irradiance, the southern westerlies, and the Southern Annular Mode.

Published
2023

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