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Introducción: El síndrome metabólico (SM) en niños se ha vinculado al desarrollo de ateroesclerosis subclínica, estimada por el grosor intimo-medial carotideo (CIMT). Objetivos: Estudiar la asociación del CIMT con los componentes del SM, la resistencia insulínica (RI) y el estado nutricional en escolares, además de explorar puntos de corte asociados a riesgo. Métodos: Estudio transversal de 447 niños asistentes a escuelas públicas de Santiago, Chile (2009-2011), seleccionados por presentar uno o más componentes del SM y RI. Se realizó antropometría y toma estandarizada de presión de arteria braquial, además de muestras de sangre para determinar lípidos glicemia e insulinemia. Se midió el CIMT por ultrasonografía de alta resolución. Se utilizó correlación de Pearson, t de Student, chi cuadrado y regresión logística. Resultados: Edad 11,5 ± 1,0 años (rango 10-14); 59% mujeres; 93% púberes; 72% con exceso de peso; 24% con SM y 15% con RI. Los promedios de los componentes del SM en los niños con CIMT ≥ percentil 75 vs < percentil 75 tuvieron diferencias para presión arterial sistólica o diastólica ≥ percentil 90 (PA) y colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad ≤ 40 mg/dL (CHDL). En la regresión logística para CIMT ≥ percentil 75 fueron seleccionadas PA y CHDL. En la regresión logística para CIMT ≥ percentil 90 no hubo variables seleccionadas. Conclusiones: En este grupo de niños los niveles de PA y CHDL se asocian con CIMT ≥ percentil 75. No se encontró asociación con estado nutricional y RI posiblemente por ser una muestra seleccionada.

Background: Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is used as a marker of subclinical and asymptomatic atherosclerotic vascular disease. Increased CIMT is associated with future cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. There is limited data on the profile and correlates of CIMT in Africa. The aim of this study was to describe the profile and correlates of CIMT in apparently normal younger-age adults in an urban setting in Kenya., Methods: This study used population-based data collected from 2003 adults between the ages of 40 and 60 years in two slums of Nairobi as part of a genetic study. CIMT was measured using LOGIQ e (GE Healthcare, CT, USA) ultrasound on both left and right carotid arteries, whereby maximum, mean, and minimum values were recorded. Age- and sex-specific CIMT measurements were calculated and their association with basic sociodemographic, behavioral and body composition indicators were investigated., Results: The median (IQR) CIMT were 0.58 (0.51, 0.66) and 0.59 (0.53, 0.66) in men and women, respectively. About 16% of the study population had CIMT greater than 0.7mm, the cut off for higher CIMT. Nearly 60% had CIMT values ≥75th percentile. Age, current use of alcohol, systolic blood pressure, subcutaneous fat thickness, pulse rate and pulse pressure were found to be the main predictors of CIMT in our study population., Conclusion: This study provided population-based reference values and predictors for CIMT for an adult population living in urban poor settings in Kenya. Future studies need to consider biochemical and genetic predictors of CIMT in this population., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) in children has been associated to subclinical atherosclerosis as estimated by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Objectives: We aim to ascertain the influence of MS, insulin resistance (IR) and nutritional status on CIMT. Percentiles with an increased risk of CIMT were also explored. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 447 children attending public schools in Santiago, Chile, was performed during years 2009-2011. This sample was selected considering the presence of one or more MS component and IR. Anthropometry and BP were assessed. A blood sample for determination of glycemia, insulinemia and lipids was taken. CIMT was assessed using high resolution ultrasonography with automated software. Pearson correlation, Student's t-test, Chisquared test, and stepwise logistic regression were computed. Results: Mean age was 11.5 ± 1.0 years old (range 10- 14); 59% girls; 93% pubertal; 72% excess weight; 24% MS; and 15% IR. Mean values of MS components in children with CIMT ⩾ percentile 75 versus < percentile75 had differences for systolic BP or diastolic BP ⩾ percentile 90 (BP ⩾ percentile 90) and high density lipoproteins cholesterol ⩽ 40 mg/dL (CHDL ⩽ 40 mg/dL). The logistic regression for CIMT ⩾ percentile 75 only selected BP ⩾ percentile 90 and CHDL ⩽ 40 mg/dL. The logistic regression for CIMT ⩾ percentile 90 did not select independent variables. Conclusions: In this group of children BP ⩾ percentile 90 and CHDL ⩽ 40 mg/dL values were associated to CIMT ⩾ percentile 75. Influences of IR and nutritional status on CIMT were not found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was designed to detect the potential association of a nonfunctional adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI) with insulin resistance and associated metabolic disturbances, with a subsequent increase in cardiovascular risk factors., Methods: Eighty-three NFAI patients and 56 volunteers (controls) without any adrenal abnormalities on computed tomography (CT) were included. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, lipid profiles, uric acid, homocysteine, fibrinogen, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adiponectin levels were measured in both groups. Blood pressure (BP), waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) were evaluated in both the patients and volunteers., Results: There were no significant difference between the NFAI and control groups with respect to age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic BP, smoking, concomitant disease, and medications. Fasting insulin and glucose levels and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores were significantly higher in the NFAI group as compared with those in the control group (p<0.01). The frequency of metabolic syndrome in the NFAI group was higher than that in the control group (p<0.01). All the lipid fractions, except triglyceride (TG), (p<0.05), homocysteine (p=0.01), and fibrinogen levels (p<0.001), were significantly higher in the NFAI group as compared with the levels in the control group. There were no significant differences between the NFAI and control groups in terms of uric acid, hs-CRP, and adiponectin levels. The CIMT values in the NFAI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (0.74±0.14 vs. 0.53±0.09, p<0.001). The mean CIMT value showed a statistically positive correlation with age (r=0.245, p=0.004); the HOMA-IR score (r=0.490, p<0.001); and FBG (r=0.521, p<0.001), fasting insulin (r=0.432, p<0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (r=0.267, p=0.002), and fibrinogen (r=0.398, p<0.001) levels in the NFAI group., Conclusions: The results indicated that the NFAI patients had an elevated risk of insulin resistance, with metabolic syndrome and increased CIMT values. Long-term follow-up studies should be designed to evaluate postsurgical alterations in metabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors in NFAI patients., (Copyright © 2019 SEEN y SED. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)