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1. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author

Hyde, KD, Abdel-Wahab, MA, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abeywickrama, PD, Absalan, S, Afshari, N, Ainsworth, AM, Akulov, OY, Aleoshin, VV, Al-Sadi, AM, Alvarado, P, Alves, A, Alves-Silva, G, Amalfi, M, Amira, Y, Amuhenage, TB, Anderson, J, Antonín, V, Aouali, S, Aptroot, A, Apurillo, CCS, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Armand, A, Arumugam, E, Asghari, R, Assis, DMA, Atienza, V, Avasthi, S, Azevedo, E, Bahkali, AH, Bakhshi, M, Banihashemi, Z, Bao, DF, Baral, HO, Barata, M, Barbosa, F, Barbosa, RN, Barreto, RW, Baschien, C, Belamesiatseva, DB, Bennett Reuel, M, Bera, I, Bezerra, JDP, Bezerra, JL, Bhat, DJ, Bhunjun, CS, Bianchinotti, MV, Błaszkowski, J, Blondelle, A, Boekhout, T, Bonito, G, Boonmee, S, Boonyuen, N, Bregant, C, Buchanan, P, Bundhun, D, Burgaud, G, Burgess, T, Buyck, B, Cabarroi-Hernández, M, Cáceres, MES, Caeiro, MF, Cai, L, Cai, MF, Calabon, MS, Calaça, FJS, Callalli, M, Cano-Lira, JF, Cantillo, T, Cao, B, Carlavilla, JR, Carvalho, A, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Castlebury, L, Castro-Jauregui, O, Catania, MDV, Cavalcanti, LH, Cazabonne, J, Cedeño-Sanchez, ML, Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S, Chaiwan, N, Chakraborty, N, Chaverri, P, Cheewangkoon, R, Chen, C, Chen, CY, Chen, KH, Chen, J, Chen, Q, Chen, WH, Chen, YP, Chethana, KWT, Coleine, C, Condé, TO, Corazon-Guivin, MA, Cortés-Pérez, A, Costa-Rezende, DH, Courtecuisse, R, Crouch, JA, Crous, PW, Cui, BK, Cui, YY, da Silva, DKA, da Silva, GA, da Silva, IR, da Silva, RMF, da Silva Santos, AC, Dai, DQ, Dai, YC, Damm, U, Darmostuk, V, Daroodi, Zoha, Das, K, Davoodian, N, Davydov, EA, Dayarathne, MC, Decock, C, de Groot, MD, De Kesel, A, dela Cruz, TEE, De Lange, R, Delgado, G, Denchev, CM, Denchev, TT, de Oliveira, NT, de Silva, NI, de Souza, FA, Dentinger, B, Devadatha, B, Dianese, JC, Dima, B, Diniz, AG, Dissanayake, AJ, Dissanayake, LS, Doğan, HH, Doilom, M, Dolatabadi, S, Dong, W, Dong, ZY, Dos Santos, LA, Drechsler-Santos, ER, Du, TY, Dubey, MK, Dutta, AK, Egidi, E, Elliott, TF, Elshahed, MS, Erdoğdu, M, Ertz, D, Etayo, J, Evans, HC, Fan, XL, Fan, YG, Fedosova, AG, Fell, J, Fernandes, I, Firmino, AL, Fiuza, PO, Flakus, A, Fragoso de Souza, CA, Frisvad, JC, Fryar, SC, Gabaldón, T, Gajanayake, AJ, Galindo, LJ, Gannibal, PB, García, D, García-Sandoval, SR, Garrido-Benavent, I, Garzoli, L, Gautam, AK, Ge, ZW, Gené, DJ, Gentekaki, E, Ghobad-Nejhad, M, Giachini, AJ, Gibertoni, TB, Góes-Neto, A, Gomdola, D, Gomes de Farias, AR, Gorjón, SP, Goto, BT, Granados-Montero, MM, Griffith, GW, Groenewald, JZ, Groenewald, M, Grossart, HP, Gueidan, C, Gunarathne, A, Gunaseelan, S, Gusmão, LFP, Gutierrez, AC, Guzmán-Dávalos, L, Haelewaters, D, Halling, R, Han, YF, Hapuarachchi, KK, Harder, CB, Harrington, TC, Hattori, T, He, MQ, He, S, He, SH, Healy, R, Herández-Restrepo, M, Heredia, G, Hodge, KT, Holgado-Rojas, M, Hongsanan, S, Horak, E, Hosoya, T, Houbraken, J, Huang, SK, Huanraluek, N, Hur, JS, Hurdeal, VG, Hustad, VP, Iotti, M, Iturriaga, T, Jafar, E, Janik, P, Jayalal, RGU, Jayasiri, SC, Jayawardena, RS, Jeewon, R, Jerônimo, GH, Jesus, AL, Jin, J, Johnston, PR, Jones, EBG, Joshi, Y, Justo, A, Kaishian, P, Kakishima, M, Kaliyaperumal, M, Kang, GP, Kang, JC, Karimi, O, Karpov, SA, Karunarathna, SC, Kaufmann, M, Kemler, M, Kezo, K, Khyaju, S, Kirchmair, M, Kirk, PM, Kitaura, MJ, Klawonn, I, Kolarik, M, Kong, A, Kuhar, F, Kukwa, M, Kumar, S, Kušan, I, Lado, C, Larsson, KH, Latha, KPD, Lee, HB, Leonardi, M, Leontyev, DL, Lestari, AS, Li, CJY, Li, DW, Li, H, Li, HY, Li, L, Li, QR, Li, WL, Li, Y, Li, YC, Liao, CF, Liimatainen, K, Lim, YW, Lin, CG, Linaldeddu, BT, Linde, CC, Linn, MM, Liu, F, Liu, JK, Liu, NG, Liu, S, Liu, SL, Liu, XF, Liu, XY, Liu, XZ, Liu, ZB, Lu, L, Lu, YZ, Luangharn, T, Luangsaard, JJ, Lumbsch, HT, Lumyong, S, Luo, L, Luo, M, Luo, ZL, Ma, J, Machado, AR, Madagammana, AD, Madrid, H, Magurno, F, Magyar, D, Mahadevan, N, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Maimaiti, Y, Malosso, E, Manamgoda, DS, Manawasinghe, IS, Mapook, A, Marasinghe, DS, Mardones, M, Marin-Felix, Y, Márquez, R, Masigol, H, Matočec, N, May, T, McKenzie, EHC, Meiras-Ottoni, A, Melo, RFR, Mendes, ARL, Mendieta, S, Meng, QF, Menkis, A, Menolli Jr, N, Mešić, A, Meza Calvo, JG, Mikhailov, KV, Miller, SL, Moncada, B, Moncalvo, JM, Monteiro, JS, Monteiro, M, Mora-Montes, HM, Moreau, PA, Mueller, GM, Mukhopadyay, S, Murugadoss, R, Nagy, LG, Najafiniya, M, Nanayakkara, CM, Nascimento, CC, Nei, Y, Neves, MA, Neuhauser, S, Niego, AGT, Nilsson, RH, Niskanen, T, Niveiro, N, Noorabadi, MT, Noordeloos, (Machiel E.), Norphanphoun, C, Nuñez Otaño, NB, O’Donnell, RP, Oehl, F, Olariaga, I, Orlando, FP, Pang, KL, Papp, V, Pawłowska, J, Peintner, U, Pem, D, Pereira, OL, Perera, RH, Perez-Moreno, J, Perez-Ortega, S, Péter, G, Phillips, AJL, Phonemany, M, Phukhamsakda, C, Phutthacharoen, K, Piepenbring, M, Pires-Zottarelli, CLA, Poinar, G, Pošta, A, Prieto, M, Promputtha, I, Quandt, CA, Radek, R, Rahnama, K, Raj, KNA, Rajeshkumar, KC, Rämä, T, Rambold, G, Ramírez-Cruz, V, Rasconi, S, Rathnayaka, AR, Raza, M, Ren, GC, Robledo, GL, Rodriguez-Flakus, P, Ronikier, A, Rossi, W, Ryberg, M, Ryvarden, LR, Salvador‑Montoya, CA, Samant, B, Samarakoon, BC, Samarakoon, MC, Sánchez-Castro, I, Sánchez-García, M, Sandoval-Denis, M, Santiago, ALCMA, Santamaria, B, Santos, ACS, Sarma, VV, Savchenko, A, Savchenko, K, Saxena, RK, Scholler, M, Schoutteten, N, Seifollahi, E, Selbmann, L, Selcuk, F, Senanayake, IC, Shabashova, TG, Shen, HW, Shen, YM, SilvaFilho, AGS, Simmons, DR, Singh, R, Sir, EB, Song, Chang-Ge, Souza-Motta, CM, Sruthi, OP, Stadler, M, Stchigel, AM, Stemler, J, Stephenson, SL, Strassert, JFH, Su, HL, Su, L, Suetrong, S, Sulistyo, B, Sun, YF, Sun, YR, Svantesson, Sten, Sysouphanthong, P, Takamatsu, S, Tan, TH, Tanaka, K, Tang, AMC, Tang, X, Tanney, JB, Tavakol, NM, Taylor, JE, Taylor, PWJ, Tedersoo, L, Tennakoon, DS, Thamodini, GK, Thines, M, Thiyagaraja, V, Thongklang, N, Tiago, PV, Tian, Q, Tian, WH, Tibell, L, Tibell, S, Tibpromma, S, Tkalčec, Z, Tomšovský, M, Toome-Heller, M, Torruella, G, Tsurykau, A, Udayanga, D, Ulukapi, M, Untereiner, WA, Uzunov, BA, Valle, LG, Van Caenegem, W, Van den Wyngaert, S, Van Vooren, N, Velez, P, Verma, RK, Vieira, LC, Vieira, WAS, Vizzini, A, Walker, A, Walker, AK, Wanasinghe, DN, Wang, CG, Wang, K, Wang, SX, Wang, XY, Wang, Y, Wannasawang, N, Wartchow, F, Wei, DP, Wei, XL, White, JF, Wijayawardene, NN, Wijesinghe, SN, Wijesundara, DSA, Wisitrassameewong, K, Worthy, FR, Wu, F, Wu, G, Wu, HX, Wu, N, Wu, WP, Wurzbacher, C, Xiao, YP, Xiong, YR, Xu, LJ, Xu, R, Xu, RF, Xu, RJ, Xu, TM, Yakovchenko, L, Yan, JY, Yang, H, Yang, J, Yang, ZL, Yang, YH, Yapa, N, Yasanthika, E, Youssef, NH, Yu, FM, Yu, Q, Yu, YX, Yu, ZF, Yuan, HS, Yuan, Y, Yurkov, A, Zafari, D, Zamora, JC, Zare, R, Zeng, M, Zeng, NK, Zeng, XY, Zhang, F, Zhang, H, Zhang, JF, Zhang, JY, Zhang, QY, Zhang, SN, Zhang, W, Zhang, Y, Zhang, YX, Zhao, CL, Zhao, H, Zhao, Q, Zhao, RL, Zhou, LW, Zhou, M, Zhurbenko, MP, Zin, HH, Zucconi, L, Hyde, KD, Abdel-Wahab, MA, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abeywickrama, PD, Absalan, S, Afshari, N, Ainsworth, AM, Akulov, OY, Aleoshin, VV, Al-Sadi, AM, Alvarado, P, Alves, A, Alves-Silva, G, Amalfi, M, Amira, Y, Amuhenage, TB, Anderson, J, Antonín, V, Aouali, S, Aptroot, A, Apurillo, CCS, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Armand, A, Arumugam, E, Asghari, R, Assis, DMA, Atienza, V, Avasthi, S, Azevedo, E, Bahkali, AH, Bakhshi, M, Banihashemi, Z, Bao, DF, Baral, HO, Barata, M, Barbosa, F, Barbosa, RN, Barreto, RW, Baschien, C, Belamesiatseva, DB, Bennett Reuel, M, Bera, I, Bezerra, JDP, Bezerra, JL, Bhat, DJ, Bhunjun, CS, Bianchinotti, MV, Błaszkowski, J, Blondelle, A, Boekhout, T, Bonito, G, Boonmee, S, Boonyuen, N, Bregant, C, Buchanan, P, Bundhun, D, Burgaud, G, Burgess, T, Buyck, B, Cabarroi-Hernández, M, Cáceres, MES, Caeiro, MF, Cai, L, Cai, MF, Calabon, MS, Calaça, FJS, Callalli, M, Cano-Lira, JF, Cantillo, T, Cao, B, Carlavilla, JR, Carvalho, A, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Castlebury, L, Castro-Jauregui, O, Catania, MDV, Cavalcanti, LH, Cazabonne, J, Cedeño-Sanchez, ML, Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S, Chaiwan, N, Chakraborty, N, Chaverri, P, Cheewangkoon, R, Chen, C, Chen, CY, Chen, KH, Chen, J, Chen, Q, Chen, WH, Chen, YP, Chethana, KWT, Coleine, C, Condé, TO, Corazon-Guivin, MA, Cortés-Pérez, A, Costa-Rezende, DH, Courtecuisse, R, Crouch, JA, Crous, PW, Cui, BK, Cui, YY, da Silva, DKA, da Silva, GA, da Silva, IR, da Silva, RMF, da Silva Santos, AC, Dai, DQ, Dai, YC, Damm, U, Darmostuk, V, Daroodi, Zoha, Das, K, Davoodian, N, Davydov, EA, Dayarathne, MC, Decock, C, de Groot, MD, De Kesel, A, dela Cruz, TEE, De Lange, R, Delgado, G, Denchev, CM, Denchev, TT, de Oliveira, NT, de Silva, NI, de Souza, FA, Dentinger, B, Devadatha, B, Dianese, JC, Dima, B, Diniz, AG, Dissanayake, AJ, Dissanayake, LS, Doğan, HH, Doilom, M, Dolatabadi, S, Dong, W, Dong, ZY, Dos Santos, LA, Drechsler-Santos, ER, Du, TY, Dubey, MK, Dutta, AK, Egidi, E, Elliott, TF, Elshahed, MS, Erdoğdu, M, Ertz, D, Etayo, J, Evans, HC, Fan, XL, Fan, YG, Fedosova, AG, Fell, J, Fernandes, I, Firmino, AL, Fiuza, PO, Flakus, A, Fragoso de Souza, CA, Frisvad, JC, Fryar, SC, Gabaldón, T, Gajanayake, AJ, Galindo, LJ, Gannibal, PB, García, D, García-Sandoval, SR, Garrido-Benavent, I, Garzoli, L, Gautam, AK, Ge, ZW, Gené, DJ, Gentekaki, E, Ghobad-Nejhad, M, Giachini, AJ, Gibertoni, TB, Góes-Neto, A, Gomdola, D, Gomes de Farias, AR, Gorjón, SP, Goto, BT, Granados-Montero, MM, Griffith, GW, Groenewald, JZ, Groenewald, M, Grossart, HP, Gueidan, C, Gunarathne, A, Gunaseelan, S, Gusmão, LFP, Gutierrez, AC, Guzmán-Dávalos, L, Haelewaters, D, Halling, R, Han, YF, Hapuarachchi, KK, Harder, CB, Harrington, TC, Hattori, T, He, MQ, He, S, He, SH, Healy, R, Herández-Restrepo, M, Heredia, G, Hodge, KT, Holgado-Rojas, M, Hongsanan, S, Horak, E, Hosoya, T, Houbraken, J, Huang, SK, Huanraluek, N, Hur, JS, Hurdeal, VG, Hustad, VP, Iotti, M, Iturriaga, T, Jafar, E, Janik, P, Jayalal, RGU, Jayasiri, SC, Jayawardena, RS, Jeewon, R, Jerônimo, GH, Jesus, AL, Jin, J, Johnston, PR, Jones, EBG, Joshi, Y, Justo, A, Kaishian, P, Kakishima, M, Kaliyaperumal, M, Kang, GP, Kang, JC, Karimi, O, Karpov, SA, Karunarathna, SC, Kaufmann, M, Kemler, M, Kezo, K, Khyaju, S, Kirchmair, M, Kirk, PM, Kitaura, MJ, Klawonn, I, Kolarik, M, Kong, A, Kuhar, F, Kukwa, M, Kumar, S, Kušan, I, Lado, C, Larsson, KH, Latha, KPD, Lee, HB, Leonardi, M, Leontyev, DL, Lestari, AS, Li, CJY, Li, DW, Li, H, Li, HY, Li, L, Li, QR, Li, WL, Li, Y, Li, YC, Liao, CF, Liimatainen, K, Lim, YW, Lin, CG, Linaldeddu, BT, Linde, CC, Linn, MM, Liu, F, Liu, JK, Liu, NG, Liu, S, Liu, SL, Liu, XF, Liu, XY, Liu, XZ, Liu, ZB, Lu, L, Lu, YZ, Luangharn, T, Luangsaard, JJ, Lumbsch, HT, Lumyong, S, Luo, L, Luo, M, Luo, ZL, Ma, J, Machado, AR, Madagammana, AD, Madrid, H, Magurno, F, Magyar, D, Mahadevan, N, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Maimaiti, Y, Malosso, E, Manamgoda, DS, Manawasinghe, IS, Mapook, A, Marasinghe, DS, Mardones, M, Marin-Felix, Y, Márquez, R, Masigol, H, Matočec, N, May, T, McKenzie, EHC, Meiras-Ottoni, A, Melo, RFR, Mendes, ARL, Mendieta, S, Meng, QF, Menkis, A, Menolli Jr, N, Mešić, A, Meza Calvo, JG, Mikhailov, KV, Miller, SL, Moncada, B, Moncalvo, JM, Monteiro, JS, Monteiro, M, Mora-Montes, HM, Moreau, PA, Mueller, GM, Mukhopadyay, S, Murugadoss, R, Nagy, LG, Najafiniya, M, Nanayakkara, CM, Nascimento, CC, Nei, Y, Neves, MA, Neuhauser, S, Niego, AGT, Nilsson, RH, Niskanen, T, Niveiro, N, Noorabadi, MT, Noordeloos, (Machiel E.), Norphanphoun, C, Nuñez Otaño, NB, O’Donnell, RP, Oehl, F, Olariaga, I, Orlando, FP, Pang, KL, Papp, V, Pawłowska, J, Peintner, U, Pem, D, Pereira, OL, Perera, RH, Perez-Moreno, J, Perez-Ortega, S, Péter, G, Phillips, AJL, Phonemany, M, Phukhamsakda, C, Phutthacharoen, K, Piepenbring, M, Pires-Zottarelli, CLA, Poinar, G, Pošta, A, Prieto, M, Promputtha, I, Quandt, CA, Radek, R, Rahnama, K, Raj, KNA, Rajeshkumar, KC, Rämä, T, Rambold, G, Ramírez-Cruz, V, Rasconi, S, Rathnayaka, AR, Raza, M, Ren, GC, Robledo, GL, Rodriguez-Flakus, P, Ronikier, A, Rossi, W, Ryberg, M, Ryvarden, LR, Salvador‑Montoya, CA, Samant, B, Samarakoon, BC, Samarakoon, MC, Sánchez-Castro, I, Sánchez-García, M, Sandoval-Denis, M, Santiago, ALCMA, Santamaria, B, Santos, ACS, Sarma, VV, Savchenko, A, Savchenko, K, Saxena, RK, Scholler, M, Schoutteten, N, Seifollahi, E, Selbmann, L, Selcuk, F, Senanayake, IC, Shabashova, TG, Shen, HW, Shen, YM, SilvaFilho, AGS, Simmons, DR, Singh, R, Sir, EB, Song, Chang-Ge, Souza-Motta, CM, Sruthi, OP, Stadler, M, Stchigel, AM, Stemler, J, Stephenson, SL, Strassert, JFH, Su, HL, Su, L, Suetrong, S, Sulistyo, B, Sun, YF, Sun, YR, Svantesson, Sten, Sysouphanthong, P, Takamatsu, S, Tan, TH, Tanaka, K, Tang, AMC, Tang, X, Tanney, JB, Tavakol, NM, Taylor, JE, Taylor, PWJ, Tedersoo, L, Tennakoon, DS, Thamodini, GK, Thines, M, Thiyagaraja, V, Thongklang, N, Tiago, PV, Tian, Q, Tian, WH, Tibell, L, Tibell, S, Tibpromma, S, Tkalčec, Z, Tomšovský, M, Toome-Heller, M, Torruella, G, Tsurykau, A, Udayanga, D, Ulukapi, M, Untereiner, WA, Uzunov, BA, Valle, LG, Van Caenegem, W, Van den Wyngaert, S, Van Vooren, N, Velez, P, Verma, RK, Vieira, LC, Vieira, WAS, Vizzini, A, Walker, A, Walker, AK, Wanasinghe, DN, Wang, CG, Wang, K, Wang, SX, Wang, XY, Wang, Y, Wannasawang, N, Wartchow, F, Wei, DP, Wei, XL, White, JF, Wijayawardene, NN, Wijesinghe, SN, Wijesundara, DSA, Wisitrassameewong, K, Worthy, FR, Wu, F, Wu, G, Wu, HX, Wu, N, Wu, WP, Wurzbacher, C, Xiao, YP, Xiong, YR, Xu, LJ, Xu, R, Xu, RF, Xu, RJ, Xu, TM, Yakovchenko, L, Yan, JY, Yang, H, Yang, J, Yang, ZL, Yang, YH, Yapa, N, Yasanthika, E, Youssef, NH, Yu, FM, Yu, Q, Yu, YX, Yu, ZF, Yuan, HS, Yuan, Y, Yurkov, A, Zafari, D, Zamora, JC, Zare, R, Zeng, M, Zeng, NK, Zeng, XY, Zhang, F, Zhang, H, Zhang, JF, Zhang, JY, Zhang, QY, Zhang, SN, Zhang, W, Zhang, Y, Zhang, YX, Zhao, CL, Zhao, H, Zhao, Q, Zhao, RL, Zhou, LW, Zhou, M, Zhurbenko, MP, Zin, HH, and Zucconi, L

Abstract

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and funguslike taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based o

Published
2023
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2. Plastic debris in freshwater systems worldwide

Author

Nava, V, Aherne, J, Alfonso, M, Antão-Geraldes, A, Attermeyer, K, Bao, R, Bartrons, M, Berger, S, Biernaczyk, M, Bissen, R, Brookes, J, Brown, D, Candian, G, Cañedo-Argüelles, M, Canle, M, Capelli, C, Carballeira, R, Cereijo, J, Chawchai, S, Chen, G, Christensen, S, Christoffersen, K, de Eyto, E, Delgado, J, Dornan, T, Doubek, J, Dusaucy, J, Erina, O, Ersoy, Z, Feuchtmayr, H, Lepori, F, Frezzotti, M, Galafassi, S, Gateuille, D, Gonçalves, V, Grossart, H, Hamilton, D, Harris, T, Kangur, K, Kankılıç, G, Kessler, R, Kiel, C, Krynak, E, Leiva-Presa, A, Matias, M, Matsuzaki, S, Mcelarney, Y, Mitchell, M, Messyasz, B, Mlambo, M, Motitsoe, S, Owens, C, Özkundakci, D, Pinnow, S, Pociecha, A, Raposeiro, P, Rõõm, E, Rotta, F, Salmaso, N, Scordo, F, Sibomana, C, Siewert, D, Stepanowska, K, Sudeep, C, Tavşanoğlu, U, Tereshina, M, Thompson, J, Tolotti, M, Valois, A, Verburg, P, Wesolek, B, Weyhenmeyer, G, Wu, N, Zawisza, E, Zink, L, Leoni, B, Alfonso, MB, Antão-Geraldes, AM, Berger, SA, Cereijo, JL, Christensen, ST, Christoffersen, KS, Doubek, JP, Frezzotti, ML, Grossart, HP, Hamilton, DP, Kankılıç, GB, Krynak, EM, Matsuzaki, SS, McElarney, Y, Motitsoe, SN, Rõõm, EI, Tavşanoğlu, UN, Nava, V, Aherne, J, Alfonso, M, Antão-Geraldes, A, Attermeyer, K, Bao, R, Bartrons, M, Berger, S, Biernaczyk, M, Bissen, R, Brookes, J, Brown, D, Candian, G, Cañedo-Argüelles, M, Canle, M, Capelli, C, Carballeira, R, Cereijo, J, Chawchai, S, Chen, G, Christensen, S, Christoffersen, K, de Eyto, E, Delgado, J, Dornan, T, Doubek, J, Dusaucy, J, Erina, O, Ersoy, Z, Feuchtmayr, H, Lepori, F, Frezzotti, M, Galafassi, S, Gateuille, D, Gonçalves, V, Grossart, H, Hamilton, D, Harris, T, Kangur, K, Kankılıç, G, Kessler, R, Kiel, C, Krynak, E, Leiva-Presa, A, Matias, M, Matsuzaki, S, Mcelarney, Y, Mitchell, M, Messyasz, B, Mlambo, M, Motitsoe, S, Owens, C, Özkundakci, D, Pinnow, S, Pociecha, A, Raposeiro, P, Rõõm, E, Rotta, F, Salmaso, N, Scordo, F, Sibomana, C, Siewert, D, Stepanowska, K, Sudeep, C, Tavşanoğlu, U, Tereshina, M, Thompson, J, Tolotti, M, Valois, A, Verburg, P, Wesolek, B, Weyhenmeyer, G, Wu, N, Zawisza, E, Zink, L, Leoni, B, Alfonso, MB, Antão-Geraldes, AM, Berger, SA, Cereijo, JL, Christensen, ST, Christoffersen, KS, Doubek, JP, Frezzotti, ML, Grossart, HP, Hamilton, DP, Kankılıç, GB, Krynak, EM, Matsuzaki, SS, McElarney, Y, Motitsoe, SN, Rõõm, EI, and Tavşanoğlu, UN

Published
2022

3. Human impact on symbioses between aquatic organisms and microbes

Author

Stock, W, primary, Callens, M, additional, Houwenhuyse, S, additional, Schols, R, additional, Goel, N, additional, Coone, M, additional, Theys, C, additional, Delnat, V, additional, Boudry, A, additional, Eckert, EM, additional, Laspoumaderes, C, additional, Grossart, HP, additional, De Meester, L, additional, Stoks, R, additional, Sabbe, K, additional, and Decaestecker, E, additional

Published
2021
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5. Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author

Wijayawardene, NN, Hyde, KD, Al-Ani, LKT, Tedersoo, L, Haelewaters, D, Rajeshkumar, KC, Zhao, RL, Aptroot, A, Leontyev, DV, Saxena, RK, Tokarev, YS, Dai, DQ, Letcher, PM, Stephenson, SL, Ertz, D, Lumbsch, HT, Kukwa, M, Issi, IV, Madrid, H, Phillips, AJL, Selbmann, L, Pfliegler, WP, Horváth, E, Bensch, K, Kirk, PM, Kolaríková, K, Raja, HA, Radek, R, Papp, V, Dima, B, Ma, J, Malosso, E, Takamatsu, S, Rambold, G, Gannibal, PB, Triebel, D, Gautam, AK, Avasthi, S, Suetrong, S, Timdal, E, Fryar, SC, Delgado, G, Réblová, M, Doilom, M, Dolatabadi, S, Pawlowska, JZ, Humber, RA, Kodsueb, R, Sánchez-Castro, I, Goto, BT, Silva, DKA, de Souza, FA, Oehl, F, da Silva, GA, Silva, IR, Blaszkowski, J, Jobim, K, Maia, LC, Barbosa, FR, Fiuza, PO, Divakar, PK, Shenoy, BD, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Somrithipol, S, Lateef, AA, Karunarathna, SC, Tibpromma, S, Mortimer, PE, Wanasinghe, DN, Phookamsak, R, Xu, J, Wang, Y, Tian, F, Alvarado, P, Li, DW, Kušan, I, Matocec, N, Mešic, A, Tkalcec, Z, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Papizadeh, M, Heredia, G, Wartchow, F, Bakhshi, M, Boehm, E, Youssef, N, Hustad, VP, Lawrey, JD, Santiago, ALCMA, Bezerra, JDP, Souza-Motta, CM, Firmino, AL, Tian, Q, Houbraken, J, Hongsanan, S, Tanaka, K, Dissanayake, AJ, Monteiro, JS, Grossart, HP, Suija, A, Wijayawardene, NN, Hyde, KD, Al-Ani, LKT, Tedersoo, L, Haelewaters, D, Rajeshkumar, KC, Zhao, RL, Aptroot, A, Leontyev, DV, Saxena, RK, Tokarev, YS, Dai, DQ, Letcher, PM, Stephenson, SL, Ertz, D, Lumbsch, HT, Kukwa, M, Issi, IV, Madrid, H, Phillips, AJL, Selbmann, L, Pfliegler, WP, Horváth, E, Bensch, K, Kirk, PM, Kolaríková, K, Raja, HA, Radek, R, Papp, V, Dima, B, Ma, J, Malosso, E, Takamatsu, S, Rambold, G, Gannibal, PB, Triebel, D, Gautam, AK, Avasthi, S, Suetrong, S, Timdal, E, Fryar, SC, Delgado, G, Réblová, M, Doilom, M, Dolatabadi, S, Pawlowska, JZ, Humber, RA, Kodsueb, R, Sánchez-Castro, I, Goto, BT, Silva, DKA, de Souza, FA, Oehl, F, da Silva, GA, Silva, IR, Blaszkowski, J, Jobim, K, Maia, LC, Barbosa, FR, Fiuza, PO, Divakar, PK, Shenoy, BD, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Somrithipol, S, Lateef, AA, Karunarathna, SC, Tibpromma, S, Mortimer, PE, Wanasinghe, DN, Phookamsak, R, Xu, J, Wang, Y, Tian, F, Alvarado, P, Li, DW, Kušan, I, Matocec, N, Mešic, A, Tkalcec, Z, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Papizadeh, M, Heredia, G, Wartchow, F, Bakhshi, M, Boehm, E, Youssef, N, Hustad, VP, Lawrey, JD, Santiago, ALCMA, Bezerra, JDP, Souza-Motta, CM, Firmino, AL, Tian, Q, Houbraken, J, Hongsanan, S, Tanaka, K, Dissanayake, AJ, Monteiro, JS, Grossart, HP, and Suija, A

Abstract

This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi. i.e. dispersed spores, mycelia, sporophores, mycorrhizas). We treat 19 phyla of fungi. These are Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. The placement of all fungal genera is provided at the class-, order- and family-level. The described number of species per genus is also given. Notes are provided of taxa for which recent changes or disagreements have been presented. Fungus-like taxa that were traditionally treated as fungi are also incorporated in this outline (i.e. Eumycetozoa, Dictyosteliomycetes, Ceratiomyxomycetes and Myxomycetes). Four new taxa are introduced: Amblyosporida ord. nov. Neopereziida ord. nov. and Ovavesiculida ord. nov. in Rozellomycota, and Protosporangiaceae fam. nov. in Dictyosteliomycetes. Two different classifications (in outline section and in discussion) are provided for Glomeromycota and Leotiomycetes based on recent studies. The phylogenetic reconstruction of a four-gene dataset (18S and 28S rRNA, RPB1, RPB2) of 433 taxa is presented, including all currently described orders of fungi.

Published
2020

6. The Effects of Hypoxia on Zooplankton Population Estimates and Migration in Lakes

Author

Goldfarb, S, Doubek, J, Antão-Geraldes, A, Bartrons, M, Berger, S, Brentrup, J, Brucet, S, Burnet, S, Caputo Galarce, L, Carey, C, Christoffersen, K, de Eyto, E, Dur, G, Erdoğan, S, Erina, O, Grossart, H, Kainz, M, Kankılıç, G, Khan, S, Leoni, B, Lepori, F, Mccarthy, V, Nava, V, Nejstgaard, J, Obertegger, U, Ogorelec, Z, Ozen, A, Pascual, M, Paterson, M, Patelli, M, Qiu, Q, Richardson, D, Sepulveda-Jauregui, A, Silva, L, Straile, D, Tartarotti, B, Tavşanoğlu, U, Tereshina, M, Umaña-Villalobos, G, Walles, T, Wander, H, Wurtsbaugh, W, Stockwell, S, Goldfarb, SK, Bartrons, M., Berger, S., Brentrup, JA, Carey, CC, Christoffersen, K., Grossart, HP, Kainz, M., Kankılıç, GB, McCarthy, V, Tavşanoğlu, UN, Wander, HL, Goldfarb, S, Doubek, J, Antão-Geraldes, A, Bartrons, M, Berger, S, Brentrup, J, Brucet, S, Burnet, S, Caputo Galarce, L, Carey, C, Christoffersen, K, de Eyto, E, Dur, G, Erdoğan, S, Erina, O, Grossart, H, Kainz, M, Kankılıç, G, Khan, S, Leoni, B, Lepori, F, Mccarthy, V, Nava, V, Nejstgaard, J, Obertegger, U, Ogorelec, Z, Ozen, A, Pascual, M, Paterson, M, Patelli, M, Qiu, Q, Richardson, D, Sepulveda-Jauregui, A, Silva, L, Straile, D, Tartarotti, B, Tavşanoğlu, U, Tereshina, M, Umaña-Villalobos, G, Walles, T, Wander, H, Wurtsbaugh, W, Stockwell, S, Goldfarb, SK, Bartrons, M., Berger, S., Brentrup, JA, Carey, CC, Christoffersen, K., Grossart, HP, Kainz, M., Kankılıç, GB, McCarthy, V, Tavşanoğlu, UN, and Wander, HL

Published
2019

38. Temperature effects explain continental scale distribution of cyanobacterial toxins

Author

Sigrid Haande, Christos Avagianos, Vítor Gonçalves, Lisette N. de Senerpont Domis, Carlos Rochera, Ana García-Murcia, Kerstin Häggqvist, Reyhan Akçaalan, Jordi Noguero-Ribes, Mariusz Pełechaty, Wojciech Krztoń, Hans-Peter Grossart, Jutta Fastner, Bárbara Úbeda, Wojciech Pęczuła, Nur Filiz, Justyna Kobos, Juan M. Soria, Elif Neyran Soylu, Lars-Anders Hansson, Filip Stević, Luděk Bláha, Hanna Mazur-Marzec, Jolanda M. H. Verspagen, Burçin Önem, Karl-Otto Rothhaupt, Nico Salmaso, Abdulkadir Yağcı, David Parreño Duque, Ksenija Savadova, Nusret Karakaya, Aleksandra Pełechata, Yvon Verstijnen, Carmen Pérez-Martínez, Pauliina Salmi, Gizem Bezirci, Tuğba Ongun Sevindik, Svetislav Krstić, Rahmi Uysal, Laura Seelen, Eloísa Ramos-Rodríguez, Spela Remec-Rekar, Sven Teurlincx, Monserrat Real, Meriç Albay, Donald C. Pierson, Susana Romo, Kristiina Mustonen, Kirsten Christoffersen, Valentini Maliaka, Estela Rodríguez-Pérez, Joanna Rosińska, Nilsun Demir, Mehmet Tahir Alp, Elvira Romans, João Morais, Daniel Szymański, Danielle Machado-Vieira, Damian Chmura, Evanthia Mantzouki, Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia, Antonio Picazo, Mikołaj Kokociński, Anastasia Hiskia, Christine Edwards, Yang Yang, Irma Vitonytė, Mehmet Cesur, Agnieszka Bańkowska-Sobczak, Iwona Kostrzewska-Szlakowska, Nikoletta Tsiarta, Anđelka Plenković-Moraj, Miquel Lürling, Ryszard Gołdyn, Kristel Panksep, Kemal Celik, Anna Kozak, Jose Luis Cereijo, Pablo Urrutia-Cordero, Petra M. Visser, Rodan Geriš, Uğur Işkın, Leonardo Cerasino, Kadir Çapkın, Victor C. Perello, Carmen Cillero-Castro, Arda Özen, Manel Leira, Enrique Moreno-Ostos, Şakir Çinar, Agnieszka Budzyńska, Faruk Maraşlıoğlu, Pedro M. Raposeiro, Theodoros M. Triantis, Agnieszka Pasztaleniec, Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou, Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak, Edward Walusiak, Kersti Kangro, Jorge Juan Montes-Pérez, Triantafyllos Kaloudis, Mari Carmen Trapote, Pablo Alcaraz-Párraga, José María Blanco, Marek Kruk, Hans W. Paerl, Lidia Nawrocka, Meryem Beklioglu, Antonio Camacho, Moritz Buck, Biel Obrador, Ilona Gagala, Lauri Arvola, Elżbieta Szeląg-Wasielewska, Petar Žutinić, Giovanna Flaim, Núria Catalán, R. Carballeira, Alinne Gurjão de Oliveira, Magdalena Frąk, Alo Laas, Magdalena Grabowska, Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić, Meral Apaydın Yağcı, Itana Bokan Vucelić, Ana Maria Antão-Geraldes, Tõnu Feldmann, Natalia Jakubowska-Krepska, Trine Perlt Warming, Armand Hernández, Anna C. Santamans, Fuat Bilgin, Cayelan C. Carey, Joana Mankiewicz-Boczek, Elísabeth Fernández-Morán, Mete Yilmaz, Iwona Jasser, Boris Aleksovski, Michał Wasilewicz, Agnieszka Ochocka, David García, Lea Tuvikene, Roberto L. Palomino, B.W. Ibelings, Hatice Tunca, Birger Skjelbred, Joan Gomà, Jūratė Karosienė, Maria G. Antoniou, Vitor Vasconcelos, Mehmet Ali Turan Koçer, Eti E. Levi, Markéta Fránková, Beata Madrecka, Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska, Jeremy Fonvielle, Korhan Özkan, Maciej Karpowicz, Özden Fakioglu, Lucia Chomova, Magdalena Toporowska, Ülkü Nihan Tavşanoğlu, Jūratė Kasperovičienė, Latife Köker, Kinga Kwasizur, Koray Ozhan, Valeriano Rodríguez, William Colom-Montero, Ulrike Obertegger, Micaela Vale, Spyros Gkelis, Michał Niedźwiecki, Tunay Karan, Piotr Domek, Judita Koreivienė, Andrea G. Bravo, Justyna Sieńska, Jessica Richardson, Hana Nemova, Cafer Bulut, Jordi Delgado-Martín, Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer, Marija Gligora Udovič, Manthos Panou, Dietmar Straile, Rafael Marcé, Valerie McCarthy, Iveta Drastichova, Agnieszka Napiórkowska-Krzebietke, J. A. Gálvez, Tina Elersek, Beata Messyasz, Adriano Boscaini, Carmen Ferriol, Julita Dunalska, Freshwater and Marine Ecology (IBED, FNWI), BAİBÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, Karakaya, Nusret, Universitat de Barcelona, Fakülteler, Fen - Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Soylu, Elif Neyran, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Université de Genève, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Lammi Biological Station, Doctoral Programme in Atmospheric Sciences, CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Yılmaz, Mete, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Mantzouki, Evanthia, Ibelings, Bastiaan Willem, Mantzouki, E, Lurling, M, Fastner, J, Domis, LD, Wilk-Wozniak, E, Koreiviene, J, Seelen, L, Teurlincx, S, Verstijnen, Y, Krzton, W, Walusiak, E, Karosiene, J, Kasperoviciene, J, Savadova, K, Vitonyte, I, Cillero-Castro, C, Budzynska, A, Goldyn, R, Kozak, A, Rosinska, J, Szelag-Wasielewska, E, Domek, P, Jakubowska-Krepska, N, Kwasizur, K, Messyasz, B, Pelechata, A, Pelechaty, M, Kokocinski, M, Garcia-Murcia, A, Real, M, Romans, E, Noguero-Ribes, J, Duque, DP, Fernandez-Moran, E, Karakaya, N, Haggqvist, K, Demir, N, Beklioglu, M, Filiz, N, Levi, EE, Iskin, U, Bezirci, G, Tavsanoglu, UN, Ozhan, K, Gkelis, S, Panou, M, Fakioglu, O, Avagianos, C, Kaloudis, T, Celik, K, Yilmaz, M, Marce, R, Catalan, N, Bravo, AG, Buck, M, Colom-Montero, W, Mustonen, K, Pierson, D, Yang, Y, Raposeiro, PM, Goncalves, V, Antoniou, MG, Tsiarta, N, McCarthy, V, Perello, VC, Feldmann, T, Laas, A, Panksep, K, Tuvikene, L, Gagala, I, Mankiewicz-Boczek, J, Yagci, MA, Cinar, S, Capkin, K, Yagci, A, Cesur, M, Bilgin, F, Bulut, C, Uysal, R, Obertegger, U, Boscaini, A, Flaim, G, Salmaso, N, Cerasino, L, Richardson, J, Visser, PM, Verspagen, JMH, Karan, T, Soylu, EN, Maraslioglu, F, Napiorkowska-Krzebietke, A, Ochocka, A, Pasztaleniec, A, Antao-Geraldes, AM, Vasconcelos, V, Morais, J, Vale, M, Koker, L, Akcaalan, R, Albay, M, Maronic, DS, Stevic, F, Pfeiffer, TZ, Fonvielle, J, Straile, D, Rothhaupt, KO, Hansson, LA, Urrutia-Cordero, P, Blaha, L, Geris, R, Frankova, M, Kocer, MAT, Alp, MT, Remec-Rekar, S, Elersek, T, Triantis, T, Zervou, SK, Hiskia, A, Haande, S, Skjelbred, B, Madrecka, B, Nemova, H, Drastichova, I, Chomova, L, Edwards, C, Sevindik, TO, Tunca, H, Onem, B, Aleksovski, B, Krstic, S, Vucelic, IB, Nawrocka, L, Salmi, P, Machado-Vieira, D, de Oliveira, AG, Delgado-Martin, J, Garcia, D, Cereijo, JL, Goma, J, Trapote, MC, Vegas-Vilarrubia, T, Obrador, B, Grabowska, M, Karpowicz, M, Chmura, D, Ubeda, B, Galvez, JA, Ozen, A, Christoffersen, KS, Warming, TP, Kobos, J, Mazur-Marzec, H, Perez-Martinez, C, Ramos-Rodriguez, E, Arvola, L, Alcaraz-Parraga, P, Toporowska, M, Pawlik-Skowronska, B, Niedzwiecki, M, Peczula, W, Leira, M, Hernandez, A, Moreno-Ostos, E, Blanco, JM, Rodriguez, V, Montes-Perez, JJ, Palomino, RL, Rodriguez-Perez, E, Carballeira, R, Camacho, A, Picazo, A, Rochera, C, Santamans, AC, Ferriol, C, Romo, S, Soria, JM, Dunalska, J, Sienska, J, Szymanski, D, Kruk, M, Kostrzewska-Szlakowska, I, Jasser, I, Zutinic, P, Udovic, MG, Plenkovic-Moraj, A, Frak, M, Bankowska-Sobczak, A, Wasilewicz, M, Ozkan, K, Maliaka, V, Kangro, K, Grossart, HP, Paerl, HW, Carey, CC, Ibelings, BW, Sakarya Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü, Ongun Sevindik, Tuğba, Tunca, Hatice, Hitit Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, and Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi

Subjects
light climate, 0106 biological sciences, thermocline, Bacterial toxins, toksiinit, limit of quantitation, Toxines bacterianes, Microcystin-LR, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Anatoxin-a, analogs and derivatives, BLOOMS, Direct Effects, uracil, Water Pollutants, chemistry.chemical_classification, Temperatures, FRESH-WATER, latitude, maximum buoyancy frequency, 6. Clean water, climate change, Indirect effects, EUTROPHICATION, microcystin RR, articles, GROWTH, lämpötila, LAKES, microcystin, anatoxin, cylindrospermopsin, temperature, direct effects, indirect effects, spatial distribution, European Multi Lake Survey, epilimnetic temperature, ta1172, cyanobacteria, lakes, climate warming, microcystin, Zoology, Article, water pollutant, MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA, Alkaloids, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology, Spatial distribution, Microcystis aeruginosa, Uracil, lake, syanobakteerit, Indirect Effects, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 1172 Environmental sciences, Ekologi, nutrient, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, microbiology, Climatic changes, microcystin LR, Anatoxin, Lakes, Spatial Distribution, chemistry, nodularin, microbial diversity, phytoplankton, ta1181, Cylindrospermopsin, Tropanes, Cyanobacteria, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, analysis, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, lcsh:Medicine, environmental parameters, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, nitrogen, chemistry.chemical_compound, sea surface temperature, environmental factor, ddc:550, Canvi climàtic, phosphorus, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija, limit of detection, Ecology, Cyanobacteria Toxins, biology, Temperature, levinneisyys, Nodularin, tropane derivative, Europe, DAPHNIA-MAGNA, İndirect Effects, Direct effects, microbial community, Environmental Monitoring, high performance liquid chromatography, Microcystins, Climate Change, Bacterial Toxins, Microcystin, välittömät oikeusvaikutukset, cyanobacterium, ddc:570, geographic distribution, medicine, bacterial toxin, controlled study, ddc:610, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, nonhuman, WIMEK, Toxin, longitude, PHYTOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES, Aquatic Ecology, NITROGEN AVAILABILITY, anatoxin a, Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer, biology.organism_classification, Climatic change, CLIMATE, 13. Climate action, response variable, Canvis climàtics
Abstract

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland., The authors acknowledge COST Action ES 1105 “CYANOCOST—Cyanobacterial blooms and toxins in water resources: Occurrence impacts and management” and COST Action ES 1201 “NETLAKE—Networking Lake Observatories in Europe” for contributing to this study through networking and knowledge sharing with European experts in the field. Evanthia Mantzouki was supported by a grant from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) to Bas Ibelings and by supplementary funding from the University of Geneva. We thank Clare Ahnlund, Ena Suarez and Irene Gallego for helping out with the Swiss survey. We thank Wendy Beekman and Els J. Faassen for the nutrient and toxin analysis.

Published
2018

39. Data Descriptor: A European Multi Lake Survey dataset of environmental variables, phytoplankton pigments and cyanotoxins

Author

Tunca, Hatice, Mantzouki, E, Campbell, J, van Loon, E, Visser, P, Konstantinou, I, Antoniou, M, Giuliani, G, Machado-Vieira, D, de Oliveira, AG, Maronic, DS, Stevic, F, Pfeiffer, TZ, Vucelic, IB, Zutinic, P, Udovic, MG, Plenkovic-Moraj, A, Tsiarta, N, Blaha, L, Geris, R, Frankova, M, Christoffersen, KS, Warming, TP, Feldmann, T, Laas, A, Panksep, K, Tuvikene, L, Kangro, K, Haggqvist, K, Salmi, P, Arvola, L, Fastner, J, Straile, D, Rothhaupt, KO, Fonvielle, J, Grossart, HP, Avagianos, C, Kaloudis, T, Triantis, T, Zervou, SK, Hiskia, A, Gkelis, S, Panou, M, McCarthy, V, Perello, VC, Obertegger, U, Boscaini, A, Flaim, G, Salmaso, N, Cerasino, L, Koreiviene, J, Karosiene, J, Kasperoviciene, J, Savadova, K, Vitonyte, I, Haande, S, Skjelbred, B, Grabowska, M, Karpowicz, M, Chmura, D, Nawrocka, L, Kobos, J, Mazur-Marzec, H, Alcaraz-Parraga, P, Wilk-Wozniak, E, Krzton, W, Walusiak, E, Gagala, I, Mankiewicz-Boczek, J, Toporowska, M, Pawlik-Skowronska, B, Niedzwiecki, M, Peczula, W, Napiorkowska-Krzebietke, A, Dunalska, J, Sienska, J, Szymanski, D, Kruk, M, Budzynska, A, Goldyn, R, Kozak, A, Rosinska, J, Szelag-Wasielewska, E, Domek, P, Jakubowska-Krepska, N, Kwasizur, K, Messyasz, B, Pelechata, A, Pelechaty, M, Kokocinski, M, Madrecka, B, Kostrzewska-Szlakowska, I, Frak, M, Bankowska-Sobczak, A, Wasilewicz, M, Ochocka, A, Pasztaleniec, A, Jasser, I, Antao-Geraldes, AM, Leira, M, Hernandez, A, Vasconcelos, V, Morais, J, Vale, M, Raposeiro, PM, Goncalves, V, Aleksovski, B, Krstic, S, Nemova, H, Drastichova, I, Chomova, L, Remec-Rekar, S, Elersek, T, Delgado-Martin, J, Garcia, D, Cereijo, JL, Goma, J, Trapote, MC, Vegas-Vilarrubia, T, Obrador, B, Garcia-Murcia, A, Real, M, Romans, E, Noguero-Ribes, J, Duque, DP, Fernandez-Moran, E, Ubeda, B, Galvez, JA, Marce, R, Catalan, N, Perez-Martinez, C, Ramos-Rodriguez, E, Cillero-Castro, C, Moreno-Ostos, E, Blanco, JM, Rodriguez, V, Montes-Perez, JJ, Palomino, RL, Rodriguez-Perez, E, Carballeira, R, Camacho, A, Picazo, A, Rochera, C, Santamans, AC, Ferriol, C, Romo, S, Soria, JM, Hansson, LA, Urrutia-Cordero, P, Ozen, A, Bravo, AG, Buck, M, Colom-Montero, W, Mustonen, K, Pierson, D, Yang, Y, Verspagen, JMH, Domis, LND, Seelen, L, Teurlincx, S, Verstijnen, Y, Lurling, M, Maliaka, V, Faassen, EJ, Latour, D, Carey, CC, Paerl, HW, Torokne, A, Karan, T, Demir, N, Beklioglu, M, Filiz, N, Levi, EE, Iskin, U, Bezirci, G, Tavsanoglu, UN, Celik, K, Ozhan, K, Karakaya, N, Kocer, MAT, Yilmaz, M, Maraslioglu, F, Fakioglu, O, Soylu, EN, Yagci, MA, Cinar, S, Capkin, K, Yagci, A, Cesur, M, Bilgin, F, Bulut, C, Uysal, R, Koker, L, Akcaalan, R, Albay, M, Alp, MT, Ozkan, K, Sevindik, TO, Tunca, H, Onem, B, Richardson, J, Edwards, C, Bergkemper, V, O'Leary, S, Beirne, E, Cromie, H, Ibelings, BW, Sakarya Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Biyoloji Bölümü, and Tunca, Hatice

Subjects
Science & Technology - Other Topics
Abstract

Under ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic activity, which continuously challenge ecosystem resilience, an in-depth understanding of ecological processes is urgently needed. Lakes, as providers of numerous ecosystem services, face multiple stressors that threaten their functioning. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a persistent problem resulting from nutrient pollution and climate-change induced stressors, like poor transparency, increased water temperature and enhanced stratification. Consistency in data collection and analysis methods is necessary to achieve fully comparable datasets and for statistical validity, avoiding issues linked to disparate data sources. The European Multi Lake Survey (EMLS) in summer 2015 was an initiative among scientists from 27 countries to collect and analyse lake physical, chemical and biological variables in a fully standardized manner. This database includes in-situ lake variables along with nutrient, pigment and cyanotoxin data of 369 lakes in Europe, which were centrally analysed in dedicated laboratories. Publishing the EMLS methods and dataset might inspire similar initiatives to study across large geographic areas that will contribute to better understanding lake responses in a changing environment.

Published
2018

40. Strong Subseasonal Variability of Oxic Methane Production Challenges Methane Budgeting in Freshwater Lakes.

Author

Liu L, Zhang X, Schorn S, Doda T, Kang M, Bouffard D, Kirillin G, Milucka J, Shi X, and Grossart HP

Subjects
Seasons, Environmental Monitoring, Fresh Water, Methane, Lakes
Abstract

Methane (CH 4 ) accumulation in the well-oxygenated lake epilimnion enhances the diffusive atmospheric CH 4 emission. Both lateral transport and in situ oxic methane production (OMP) have been suggested as potential sources. While the latter has been recently supported by increasing evidence, quantifying the exact contribution of OMP to atmospheric emissions remains challenging. Based on a large high-resolution field data set collected during 2019-2020 in the deep stratified Lake Stechlin and on three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling, we improved existing CH 4 budgets by resolving each component of the mass balance model at a seasonal scale and therefore better constrained the residual OMP. All terms in our model showed a large temporal variability at scales from intraday to seasonal, and the modeled OMP was most sensitive to the surface CH 4 flux estimates. Future efforts are needed to reduce the uncertainties in estimating OMP rates using the mass balance approach by increasing the frequency of atmospheric CH 4 flux measurements.

Published
2024
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41. Distinct influences of altitude on microbiome and antibiotic resistome assembly in a glacial river ecosystem of Mount Everest.

Author

Liao X, Hou L, Zhang L, Grossart HP, Liu K, Liu J, Chen Y, Liu Y, and Hu A

Subjects
Ecosystem, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteria classification, Geologic Sediments microbiology, Viruses drug effects, Viruses genetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Ice Cover microbiology, China, Rivers microbiology, Altitude, Microbiota drug effects, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics
Abstract

The profound influences of altitude on aquatic microbiome were well documented. However, differences in the responses of different life domains (bacteria, microeukaryotes, viruses) and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in glacier river ecosystems to altitude remain unknown. Here, we employed shotgun metagenomic and amplicon sequencing to characterize the altitudinal variations of microbiome and ARGs in the Rongbu River, Mount Everest. Our results indicated the relative influences of stochastic processes on microbiome and ARGs assembly in water and sediment were in the following order: microeukaryotes < ARGs < viruses < bacteria. Moreover, distinct assembly patterns of the microbiome and ARGs were found in response to differences in altitude, the latter of which shift from deterministic to stochastic processes with increasing differences in altitude. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and viral β-diversity were the major factors influencing the ARG abundances. Taken together, our work revealed that altitude-caused environmental changes led to significant changes in the composition and assembly processes of the microbiome and ARGs, while ARGs had a unique response pattern to altitude. Our findings provide novel insights into the impacts of altitude on the biogeographic distribution of microbiome and ARGs, and the associated driving forces in glacier river ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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42. Chytrid fungi infecting Arctic microphytobenthic communities under varying salinity conditions.

Author

Ilicic D, Woodhouse J, Karsten U, Schimani K, Zimmermann J, and Grossart HP

Subjects
Arctic Regions, Diatoms microbiology, Diatoms genetics, Mycobiome, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Food Chain, Salinity, Chytridiomycota genetics, Chytridiomycota isolation & purification
Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the presence and diversity of fungal parasites in Arctic coastal microphytobenthic communities. These communities represent a key component in the functioning of Arctic trophic food webs. Fungal parasites, particularly Chytridiomycota (chytrids), play significant roles by controlling microalgal bloom events, impacting genetic diversity, modifying microbial interactions, and accelerating nutrient and energy transfer to higher trophic levels. In the context of rapid Arctic warming and increased glacier meltwater, which significantly affects these communities, we used high-throughput sequencing to explore fungal community composition. Our results show that chytrids dominate fungal communities in Arctic benthic habitats and that the overall fungal diversity is primarily influenced by the salinity gradient. Chytrid representation is positively correlated with the presence of potential benthic diatom (Surirella, Nitzschia, Navicula) and green algae (Ulvophyceae) hosts, while microscopic observations provide further evidence for the presence of active chytrid infections., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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43. Tire wear particles enhance horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic ecosystems.

Author

Jaffer YD, Abdolahpur Monikh F, Uli K, and Grossart HP

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) have introduced new surfaces for biofilm development and gene exchange among bacteria. We investigated Tire Wear Particles (TWPs) for their involvement in horizontal gene transfer (HGT), particularly in relation to associated metals in the matrices of TWPs. We employed red-fluorescently tagged E. coli strain as a donor with green-fluorescently tagged, broad-host-range plasmid pKJK5, resistant to trimethoprim. As a recipient, we utilized Pseudomonas sp. and a natural lake microbial community. HGT activity on TWPs was determined and compared with that on polystyrene (PS) (with and without metals), and chitosan, which was used as a natural surface. Exposure to TWPs significantly enhanced HGT frequency of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) from donor to recipient compared to PS and chitosan, and metals of TWPs further promoted HGT. HGT frequency on TWPs with Pseudomonas sp. was found to be 10 -3  at 30 °C. in the lake community, it was similarly high already at 25 °C suggesting a higher permissiveness of the natural microbial community towards ARG at lower temperatures. This study sheds light on the potential impact of TWPs in promoting HGT, forming the basis for health risk assessments of TWPs and more generally of MP pollution in various aquatic ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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44. Identification of Shemin pathway genes for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in bacteriophage sequences from aquatic environments.

Author

Wegner H, Roitman S, Kupczok A, Braun V, Woodhouse JN, Grossart HP, Zehner S, Béjà O, and Frankenberg-Dinkel N

Subjects
Escherichia coli genetics, Escherichia coli virology, Escherichia coli metabolism, 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase genetics, 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase metabolism, Amino Acid Sequence, Heme metabolism, Heme biosynthesis, Aminolevulinic Acid metabolism, Phylogeny, Fresh Water virology, Biosynthetic Pathways genetics, Tetrapyrroles biosynthesis, Tetrapyrroles metabolism, Bacteriophages genetics, Bacteriophages metabolism
Abstract

Tetrapyrroles such as heme, chlorophyll, and vitamin B 12 are essential for various metabolic pathways. They derive from 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which can be synthesized by a single enzyme (5-ALA synthase or AlaS, Shemin pathway) or by a two-enzyme pathway. The genomes of some bacteriophages from aquatic environments carry various tetrapyrrole biosynthesis genes. Here, we analyze available metagenomic datasets and identify alaS homologs (viral alaS, or valaS) in sequences corresponding to marine and freshwater phages. The genes are found individually or as part of complete or truncated three-gene loci encoding heme-catabolizing enzymes. Amino-acid sequence alignments and three-dimensional structure prediction support that the valaS sequences likely encode functional enzymes. Indeed, we demonstrate that is the case for a freshwater phage valaS sequence, as it can complement an Escherichia coli 5-ALA auxotroph, and an E. coli strain overexpressing the gene converts the typical AlaS substrates glycine and succinyl-CoA into 5-ALA. Thus, our work identifies valaS as an auxiliary metabolic gene in phage sequences from aquatic environments, further supporting the importance of tetrapyrrole metabolism in bacteriophage biology., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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45. Epilimnetic oligotrophication increases contribution of oxic methane production to atmospheric methane flux from stratified lakes.

Author

Xun F, Feng M, Zhao C, Luo W, Han X, Ci Z, Yin Y, Wang R, Wu QL, Grossart HP, and Xing P

Abstract

Although considerable attention has been paid to the effects of eutrophication on aquatic methane (CH 4 ) emissions to the atmosphere, the ecosystem-level effects of oligotrophication/re-oligotrophication on aquatic CH 4 production and subsequent ecological responses remain to be elucidated. It has been hypothesized that dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP)-deficient conditions drive the ecosystem to utilize poorly bioavailable organic phosphorus for biomass formation, thereby generating CH 4 as a by-product. To test this hypothesis, a mass balance approach was used to estimate in situ oxic methane production (OMP) in an oligotrophic, deep Lake Fuxian. The isotopic signature of dissolved 13 C-CH 4 , the potential substrates for OMP, and the phnJ/phnD genes associated with microbial demethylation of organic phosphorus compounds were analyzed. Our results indicate that CH 4 accumulation was maximal in the surface mixed layer (SML, i.e., Epilimnion) during lake stratification, and ∼ 86 % of the total CH 4 flux to the atmosphere was due to OMP. Decomposition of methylphosphonate (MPn) by Alphaproteobacteria (genera Sphingomonas and Mesorhizobium) contributed significantly to OMP. Furthermore, water temperature (Temp), chlorophyll a (Chla), and DIP were the most critical predictors of water OMP potential. Meta-analysis of currently available global data showed that OMP had a negative exponential distribution with DIP (OMP = 2.0 e -0.71DIP , R 2 = 0.57, p < 0.05). DIP concentrations below a threshold of 3.40 ∼ 9.35 μg P L -1 triggered OMP processes and increased the atmospheric CH 4 emissions. Under future warming scenarios, stratification and catchment management induced oligotrophication or re-oligotrophication may systematically affect the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus and the OMP contribution to CH 4 emission in stratified lakes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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46. Characterizing and Implementing the Hamamatsu C12880MA Mini-Spectrometer for Near-Surface Reflectance Measurements of Inland Waters.

Author

Jechow A, Bumberger J, Palm B, Remmler P, Schreck G, Ogashawara I, Kiel C, Kohnert K, Grossart HP, Singer GA, Nejstgaard JC, Wollrab S, Berger SA, and Hölker F

Abstract

In recent decades, inland water remote sensing has seen growing interest and very strong development. This includes improved spatial resolution, increased revisiting times, advanced multispectral sensors and recently even hyperspectral sensors. However, inland waters are more challenging than oceanic waters due to their higher complexity of optically active constituents and stronger adjacency effects due to their small size and nearby vegetation and built structures. Thus, bio-optical modeling of inland waters requires higher ground-truthing efforts. Large-scale ground-based sensor networks that are robust, self-sufficient, non-maintenance-intensive and low-cost could assist this otherwise labor-intensive task. Furthermore, most existing sensor systems are rather expensive, precluding their employability. Recently, low-cost mini-spectrometers have become widely available, which could potentially solve this issue. In this study, we analyze the characteristics of such a mini-spectrometer, the Hamamatsu C12880MA, and test it regarding its application in measuring water-leaving radiance near the surface. Overall, the measurements performed in the laboratory and in the field show that the system is very suitable for the targeted application.

Published
2024
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47. Differential microbiome features in lake-river systems of Taihu basin in response to water flow disturbance.

Author

Xiao P, Wu Y, Zuo J, Grossart HP, Sun R, Li G, Jiang H, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Geng R, Zhang H, Ma Z, Yan A, and Li R

Abstract

Introduction: In riverine ecosystems, dynamic interplay between hydrological conditions, such as flow rate, water level, and rainfall, significantly shape the structure and function of bacterial and microeukaryotic communities, with consequences for biogeochemical cycles and ecological stability. Lake Taihu, one of China's largest freshwater lakes, frequently experiences cyanobacterial blooms primarily driven by nutrient over-enrichment and hydrological changes, posing severe threats to water quality, aquatic life, and surrounding human populations. This study explored how varying water flow disturbances influence microbial diversity and community assembly within the interconnected river-lake systems of the East and South of Lake Taihu (ET&ST). The Taipu River in the ET region accounts for nearly one-third of Lake Taihu's outflow, while the ST region includes the Changdougang and Xiaomeigang rivers, which act as inflow rivers. These two rivers not only channel water into Lake Taihu but can also cause the backflow of lake water into the rivers, creating distinct river-lake systems subjected to different intensities of water flow disturbances., Methods: Utilizing high-throughput sequencing, we selected 22 sampling sites in the ET and ST interconnected river-lake systems and conducted seasonally assessments of bacterial and microeukaryotic community dynamics. We then compared differences in microbial diversity, community assembly, and co-occurrence networks between the two regions under varying hydrological regimes., Results and Discussion: This study demonstrated that water flow intensity and temperature disturbances significantly influenced diversity, community structure, community assembly, ecological niches, and coexistence networks of bacterial and eukaryotic microbes. In the ET region, where water flow disturbances were stronger, microbial richness significantly increased, and phylogenetic relationships were closer, yet variations in community structure were greater than in the ST region, which experienced milder water flow disturbances. Additionally, migration and dispersal rates of microbes in the ET region, along with the impact of dispersal limitations, were significantly higher than in the ST region. High flow disturbances notably reduced microbial niche width and overlap, decreasing the complexity and stability of microbial coexistence networks. Moreover, path analysis indicated that microeukaryotic communities exhibited a stronger response to water flow disturbances than bacterial communities. Our findings underscore the critical need to consider the effects of hydrological disturbance on microbial diversity, community assembly, and coexistence networks when developing strategies to manage and protect river-lake ecosystems, particularly in efforts to control cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu., Competing Interests: Yao Wu is employed by CCCC Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xiao, Wu, Zuo, Grossart, Sun, Li, Jiang, Cheng, Wang, Geng, Zhang, Ma, Yan and Li.)

Published
2024
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48. Lake ecological restoration of vegetation removal mitigates algal blooms and alters landscape patterns of water and sediment bacteria.

Author

Wan W, Grossart HP, Zhang W, Xiong X, Yuan W, Liu W, and Yang Y

Abstract

Elucidating the influences of ecological restoration measure of lakeshore vegetation removal on water quality and biological community is an important but underestimated subject. We adopted molecular and statistical tools to estimate ecological restoration performance in a plateau lake receiving vegetation removal and simultaneously investigated variabilities of bacterial communities in water and sediment. Significant decreases in lake trophic level and algal bloom degree followed notable decreases in water total nitrogen and total phosphorus after vegetation removal. Non-significant changes in sediment nutrients accompanied remarkable variabilities of abundance and composition of nutrient-cycling functional genes (NCFGs) of sediment bacteria. Taxonomic and phylogenetic α-diversities, functional redundancies, and dispersal potentials of bacteria in water and sediment decreased after vegetation removal, and community successions of water and sediment bacteria were separately significant and non-significant. There were opposite changes in ecological attributes of bacteria in water and sediment in response to vegetation removal, including niche breadth, species replacement, richness difference, community complexity, and community stability. Species replacement rather than richness difference affected more on taxonomic β-diversities of bacteria in water and sediment before and after vegetation removal, and determinism rather than stochasticity dominated bacterial community assemblage. Our results highlighted vegetation removal mitigated algal bloom and affected differently on landscapes of water and sediment bacteria. These findings point to dominant ecological mechanisms underlying landscape shifts in water and sediment bacteria in a disturbed lake receiving vegetation removal and have the potential to guide lake ecological restoration., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2024
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49. Enhanced inhibitory efficiency against toxic bloom forming Raphidiopsis raciborskii by Streptomyces sp. HY through triple algicidal modes: Direct and indirect attacks combined with bioflocculation.

Author

Xie Y, Zhang H, Cui B, Geng R, Grossart HP, Xiao P, Zuo J, Zhang H, Wang Z, Wang G, Wang X, Ma Z, and Li R

Subjects
Animals, Flocculation, Flavonoids toxicity, Embryo, Nonmammalian drug effects, Flavones toxicity, Flavones pharmacology, Flavones chemistry, Cyanobacteria, Streptomyces metabolism, Harmful Algal Bloom drug effects, Zebrafish
Abstract

Raphidiopsis raciborskii (R. raciborskii) forms harmful cyanobacterial blooms globally, and poses a great threat to the safety of drinking water and public health. There is a great need to develop eco-friendly biological alternative measures to mitigate mass blooms of R. raciborskii. However, previous rare studies on algicidal microorganisms against R. raciborskii restricted this aim. Recently, an algicidal bacterium Streptomyces sp. HY (designated HY) was identified with flavones producing ability, and could remove up to 98.73 % of R. raciborskii biomass within 48 h by directly attacking the cyanobacterium and release of algicidal substances (i.e., flavonoids) with a inoculum ratio of 5 %. Algicidal rate of HY was enhanced by 88.05 %, 89.33 % under dark and light, and full-light conditions respectively, when compared with the dark condition. Its algicidal substances were stable in a broad range of temperature (-80-55 °C) and pH (3-11) conditions, and all treated groups exhibited ≈ 100 % algicidal rate at day 3. HY treatment disrupted the photosynthesis system and triggered serious oxidative stress resulting in severe morphological injury. Thereby, HY treatment significantly affected expression levels of several essential genes (i.e., psbA, psaB, rbcL, ftsZ, recA, grpE), and simultaneously inhibited the biosynthesis and release of cylindrospermopsin. Yet, HY treatment didn't show any toxicity to zebrafish test embryos. Such results indicate that HY is a promising algicidal candidate strain to control global R. raciborskii blooms, and holds great promises for an effective biological measure to sustain water safety., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2024
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50. Size, shape, and elemental composition as predictors of microplastic surface erosion.

Author

Taghizadeh Rahmat Abadi Z, Abtahi B, Fathi MB, Mashhadi N, and Grossart HP

Abstract

The degradation of surfaces and its possible dependence on shape, size, and elemental composition of plastic particles were subjected. The surfaces of 146 microplastics were classified from smooth to fully eroded (%) by SEM/EDS. Structural elements and various additives were found on microplastics depending on their shapes. The surface of plastic items > 100 µm in length showed a relatively more eroded area than smaller ones, regardless of their shapes. Depending on shape, the percentage of surface erosion of irregularly shaped fragments < 100 µm was significantly enhanced compared to microbeads of the same size. These results may provide insights into assessing potential risks posed by microplastics and improve our understanding of the role of these parameters concerning possible adverse health effects on the environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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