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1. Exposing the structure of an Arctic food web

Author

Claus Rasmussen, Tomas Roslin, Peter A. Hambäck, Eero J. Vesterinen, Olivier Gilg, Jeroen Reneerkens, Elisabeth Weingartner, Helena Wirta, Niels Martin Schmidt, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique (GREA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Funding by INTERACT (projects QUANTIC and INTERPRED) under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme, by the University of Helsinki (grant number 788/51/2010), by the Academy of Finland (grant number 1276909), by Carl Tryggers Foundation for Scientific Research, by Kone Foundation, by World Wildlife Fund – the Netherlands, by the French Polar Institute – IPEV (program 'Interactions'), by Turku University Foundation, by Emil Aaltonen Foundation, by Carlsbergfondet, and by Aage V. JensenCharity Foundation., Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique ( GREA ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Piersma group

Subjects
MUTUALISTIC NETWORKS, Plectrophenax, Trophic species, Population, Greenland, POLLINATION NETWORKS, DIVERSITY, Biology, specialism, Predation, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, generalism, DNA barcoding, education, Predator, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, BEAR ISLAND, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Trophic level, Pardosa, Original Research, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, MOLECULAR-DETECTION, GLOBAL PATTERNS, Calidris, Ecology, 15. Life on land, HOST-SPECIFICITY, biology.organism_classification, Hymenoptera, Food web, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Arctic, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, molecular diet analysis, APPARENT COMPETITION, ta1181, Xysticus, HERBIVOROUS INSECTS, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, TROPICAL FOREST
Abstract

15 pages; International audience; How food webs are structured has major implications for their stability and dynamics. While poorly studied to date, arctic food webs are commonly assumed to be simple in structure, with few links per species. If this is the case, then different parts of the web may be weakly connected to each other, with populations and species united by only a low number of links. We provide the first highly resolved description of trophic link structure for a large part of a high-arctic food web. For this purpose, we apply a combination of recent techniques to describing the links between three predator guilds (insectivorous birds, spiders, and lepidopteran parasitoids) and their two dominant prey orders (Diptera and Lepidoptera). The resultant web shows a dense link structure and no compartmentalization or modularity across the three predator guilds. Thus, both individual predators and predator guilds tap heavily into the prey community of each other, offering versatile scope for indirect interactions across different parts of the web. The current description of a first but single arctic web may serve as a benchmark toward which to gauge future webs resolved by similar techniques. Targeting an unusual breadth of predator guilds, and relying on techniques with a high resolution, it suggests that species in this web are closely connected. Thus, our findings call for similar explorations of link structure across multiple guilds in both arctic and other webs. From an applied perspective, our description of an arctic web suggests new avenues for understanding how arctic food webs are built and function and of how they respond to current climate change. It suggests that to comprehend the community-level consequences of rapid arctic warming, we should turn from analyses of populations, population pairs, and isolated predator-prey interactions to considering the full set of interacting species.

Published
2015
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2. Flexibility in otherwise consistent non-breeding movements of a long-distance migratory seabird, the long-tailed skua

Author

Rob van Bemmelen, Loïc Bollache, Jannik Hansen, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Raymond H. G. Klaassen, Børge Moe, Ingrid Tulp, Johannes Lang, Olivier Gilg, Niels Martin Schmidt, Benoît Sittler, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 7485 Trondheim, Norway, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique ( GREA ), Chair for Nature Protection and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Dutch Montagu’s Harrier Foundation, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique (GREA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Both group

Subjects
ATLANTIC, 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, Individual consistency · Repeatability · Stercorarius longicaudus · Seabirds · Tracking · Non-breeding movements · Flexibility, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], CONSERVATION, MODELS, TRANS-EQUATORIAL MIGRATION, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Skua, Stercorarius longicaudus, Onderzoeksformatie, OCEAN, ALBATROSSES, individual consistency, DISPERSAL, biology.animal, Repeatability, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Flexibility (personality), tracking, biology.organism_classification, TERNS STERNA-PARADISAEA, Seabirds, Geolocation, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Geography, Arctic, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, NAVIGATION, WIAS, non-breeding movements, Biological dispersal, Seabird, Flexibility, BEHAVIOR
Abstract

Quantifying within- and between-individual variation in animal migration strategies is a first step towards our understanding of the ability of migrants to adjust to changes in the en - vironment. We studied consistency (or, conversely, flexibility) in movement patterns at large (>1000 km) to meso-scales (100−1000 km) during the non-breeding season of the long-tailed skua Stercorarius longicaudus, a long-distance migratory Arctic seabird, using light-based geolocation. We obtained 97 annual tracks of 38 individuals and quantified similarity between routes. Overall, tracks of the same individual were generally within about 200 to 300 km of their previous year’s route, and more similar than tracks of different individuals. Some flexibility was observed during migration, but individuals were faithful to their staging areas in the North Atlantic and in the Benguela Current off Namibia and South Africa. Over the course of the winter, an increasing number of individuals started to deviate—up to 5200 km—from the previous year’s route. Intriguingly, individuals could be highly consistent between 2 consecutive years and flexible between other years. Site-shifts in late winter seem to reflect responses to local conditions, but what promotes this larger flexibility remains unclear and requires further study. Our results show that individual long-tailed skuas are generally consistent in their itineraries, but can show considerable flexibility in some years. The flexibility in itineraries suggests that long-tailed skuas are able to adjust to environmental change, but the mechanisms leading to the observed within- and between-individual variation in movement patterns are still poorly understood. Individual consistency · Repeatability · Stercorarius longicaudus · Seabirds · Tracking · Non-breeding movements · Flexibility

Published
2017
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3. High connectivity in a long-lived high-Arctic seabird, the ivory gull Pagophila eburnea

Author

R. I. Guy Morrison, Maria Gavrilo, Olivier Gilg, Mark L. Mallory, Hallvard Strøm, Jonathan M. Yearsley, Adrian Aebischer, Glenn Yannic, Thomas Broquet, H. Grant Gilchrist, Christophe Dufresnes, Roberto Sermier, Université Laval, Université de Moncton, Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique ( GREA ), University College Dublin [Dublin] ( UCD ), Université de Lausanne ( UNIL ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Museum of Natural History Fribourg, National Park Russian Arctic, Joint Directorate of Taimyr Nature Reserves, Norwegian Polar Institute, Acadia University, Wolfville, National Wildlife Research Center, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Biology, Carleton University ( Carleton University ), Carleton University, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin ( ADMM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), DIVersité et COnnectivité dans le paysage marin côtier ( DIVCO ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique (GREA), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Acadia University, Department of Biology, Carleton University (Carleton University), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DIVersité et COnnectivité dans le paysage marin côtier (DIVCO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Breeding dispersal, Natal dispersal, Range (biology), Population, Metapopulation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, biology.animal, Genetic model, Effective number of breeders, Population genetic structure, 14. Life underwater, education, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology, Ecology, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [ SDV.GEN.GPO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 030104 developmental biology, Arctic, Genetic structure, embryonic structures, Biological dispersal, Seabird, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Overlapping generation model
Abstract

International audience; Species may cope with rapid habitat changes by distribution shifts or adaptation to new conditions. A common feature of these responses is that they depend on how the process of dispersal connects populations, both demographically and genetically. We analyzed the genetic structure of a near-threatened high-Arctic seabird, the ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) in order to infer the connectivity among gull colonies. We analyzed 343 individuals sampled from 16 localities across the circumpolar breeding range of ivory gulls, from northern Russia to the Canadian Arctic. To explore the roles of natal and breeding dispersal, we developed a population genetic model to relate dispersal behavior to the observed genetic structure of worldwide ivory gull populations. Our key finding is the striking genetic homogeneity of ivory gulls across their entire distribution range. The lack of population genetic structure found among colonies, in tandem with independent evidence of movement among colonies, suggests that ongoing effective dispersal is occurring across the Arctic Region. Our results contradict the dispersal patterns generally observed in seabirds where species movement capabilities are often not indicative of dispersal patterns. Model predictions show how natal and breeding dispersal may combine to shape the genetic homogeneity among ivory gull colonies separated by up to 2800 km. Although field data will be key to determine the role of dispersal for the demography of local colonies and refine the respective impacts of natal versus breeding dispersal, conservation planning needs to consider ivory gulls as a genetically homogeneous, Arctic-wide metapopulation effectively connected through dispersal.

Published
2016
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4. Searching for genetic evidence of demographic decline in an arctic seabird: beware of overlapping generations

Author

Emeline Charbonnel, Claire Daguin-Thiébaut, Lucille Caradec, Eléonore Moittié, Olivier Gilg, Maria V. Gavrilo, Hallvard Strøm, Mark L. Mallory, R. I. Guy Morrison, H. Grant Gilchrist, Raphael Leblois, Camille Roux, Jonathan M. Yearsley, Glenn Yannic, Thomas Broquet, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique (GREA), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Norwegian Polar Institute, Acadia University, Department of Biology, Carleton University (Carleton University), Carleton University, National Wildlife Research Centre, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biology and Environmental Sciences (SBES), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), This work was supported by grants from the foundation Ellis Elliot (Switzerland), Societe vaudoise des Sciences naturelles (Switzerland) and Nos Oiseaux (Switzerland) to GY, by a foundation Agassiz (Switzerland) grant to TB and by Nicolas Perrin's research group, Department of Ecology and Evolution at University of Lausanne, Switzerland. This work benefited from access to the Biogenouest genomic platform at Station Biologique de Roscoff and we are grateful to the Roscoff Bioinformatics platform ABiMS (http://abims.sb-roscoff.fr), the national INRA MIGALE (http://migale.jouy.inra.fr) and GENOTOUL (Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees) bioinformatics HPC platforms, as well as the CBGP and the local Montpellier Bioinformatics Biodiversity (MBB, supported by the LabEx CeMEB ANR-10-LABX-0004) HPC platform services for providing storage and computing resources. RL was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (projects GENOSPACE ANR-16-CE02-0008 and INTROSPEC ANR-19-CE02-0011). The sampling in Canada was funded by the Department of Environment and Climate Change Canada. The sampling in Greenland was supported by the Groupe de Recherche in Ecologie Arctique (GREA) and funded by the French Polar Institute-IPEV (Program 'Ivory 1210'). The sampling in Svalbard was funded by the Norwegian Polar Institute and the Norwegian seabird monitoring program SEAPOP (www.seapop.no, grant number 192141). The sampling in Russia was part of the work plan of the Joint Norwegian-Russian Commission on Environmental Protection and funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Environment, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and the Russian IPY 2007/08 program., ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010), ANR-16-CE02-0008,GenoSpace,Nouveaux outils statistiques pour l'analyse spatiale des données génétiques(2016), and ANR-19-CE02-0011,IntroSpec,Impact génomique et causes évolutives de l'introgression aux stades avancés de la spéciation(2019)

Subjects
Charadriiformes, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Arctic Regions, Genetics, Animals, Ice Cover, Genetics (clinical), Article, Ecosystem, Demography
Abstract

DATA AVAILABILITY: Genotypic data are deposited in DRYAD: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.j0zpc86gk and the raw reads have been deposited in the SRA (Bioproject: PRJNA81085).; International audience; Genetic data are useful for detecting sudden population declines in species that are difficult to study in the field. Yet this indirect approach has its own drawbacks, including population structure, mutation patterns, and generation overlap. The ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea), a long-lived Arctic seabird, is currently suffering from rapid alteration of its primary habitat (i.e., sea ice), and dramatic climatic events affecting reproduction and recruitment. However, ivory gulls live in remote areas, and it is difficult to assess the population trend of the species across its distribution. Here we present complementary microsatellite- and SNP-based genetic analyses to test a recent bottleneck genetic signal in ivory gulls over a large portion of their distribution. With attention to the potential effects of population structure, mutation patterns, and sample size, we found no significant signatures of population decline worldwide. At a finer scale, we found a significant bottleneck signal at one location in Canada. These results were compared with predictions from simulations showing how generation time and generation overlap can delay and reduce the bottleneck microsatellite heterozygosity excess signal. The consistency of the results obtained with independent methods strongly indicates that the species shows no genetic evidence of an overall decline in population size. However, drawing conclusions related to the species' population trends will require a better understanding of the effect of age structure in long-lived species. In addition, estimates of the effective global population size of ivory gulls were surprisingly low (similar to 1000 ind.), suggesting that the evolutionary potential of the species is not assured.

Published
2022
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5. Are gastrointestinal parasites associated with the cyclic population dynamics of their arctic lemming hosts?

Author

Vladimir Gilg, Nicolas Meyer, Loïc Bollache, Mathilde Lebbar, Voitto Haukisalmi, Eve Afonso, Benoît Sittler, Johannes Lang, Jannik Hansen, Lars H. Hansen, Olivier Gilg, Anita Lang, Niels Martin Schmidt, Jérôme Moreau, Brigitte Sabard, Glenn Yannic, Heikki Henttonen, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique (GREA), Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, Chair for Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians & Fish, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Study supported by the French Polar Institute-IPEV [Program 'Interactions 1036'] and analyses funded by the Fondation de Coopération Scientifique of the Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté [grant 'BQR'].

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Population dynamics, Population, Greenland, Zoology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Eimerians, biology.animal, lcsh:Zoology, Parasite hosting, Juvenile, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:QL1-991, education, Trophic level, Faecal prevalence, education.field_of_study, Cestodes, Vertebrate, Rodent-parasites interactions, 010601 ecology, Infectious Diseases, Taxon, Arctic, Delayed density dependence, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

Many rodents, including most populations of arctic lemmings (genus Dicrostonyx and Lemmus), have cyclic population dynamics. Among the numerous hypotheses which have been proposed and tested to explain this typical characteristic of some terrestrial vertebrate communities, trophic interactions have often been presented as the most likely drivers of these periodic fluctuations. The possible role of parasites has, however, only seldom been assessed. In this study, we genetically measured the prevalence of two endoparasite taxa, eimerians and cestodes, in 372 faecal samples from collared lemmings, over a five year period and across three distant sites in Northeast Greenland. Prevalence of cestodes was low (2.7% over all sites and years) and this taxon was only found at one site (although in 4 out of 5 years) in adult hosts. By contrast, we found high prevalence for eimerians (77.7% over all sites and years), which occurred at all sites, in every year, for both age classes (at the Hochstetter Forland site where both adult and juvenile faeces were collected) and regardless of reproductive and social status inferred from the characteristics of the lemming nests where the samples had been collected. Prevalence of eimerians significantly varied among years (not among sites) and was higher for juvenile than for adult lemmings at the Hochstetter Forland site. However, higher prevalence of eimerians (Pt) was only associated with lower lemming density (Nt) at one of the three sites and we found no delayed density dependence between Nt and Pt+1 to support the parasite hypothesis. Our results show that there is no clear relation between lemming density and eimerian faecal prevalence in Northeast Greenland and hence no evidence that eimerians could be driving the cyclic population dynamics of collared lemmings in this region., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Prevalence of eimerians and cestodes was measured in collared lemming in Greenland. • Prevalence of cestodes was low (2.7%; one site only) compared to eimerians (78%). • Prevalence of eimerians was higher for juveniles and varied among years. • Prevalence of eimerians was negatively associated with lemming density at one site. • lack of delayed density dependence does not support the parasite hypothesis for lemming cycles.

Published
2019
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6. Comment on 'Global pattern of nest predation is disrupted by climate change in shorebirds'

Author

Mikhail Soloviev, Joël Bêty, David C. Payer, Sara T Saalfeld, Paula Machin, Eunbi Kwon, Daniel R. Ruthrauff, Nicolas Meyer, Klaus-Michael Exo, David H. Ward, Jean-François Lamarre, Benoît Sittler, Jesse R. Conklin, Mihai Valcu, Eduardo S. A. Santos, Tomáš Albrecht, Daniel H. Catlin, Audrey R. Taylor, Joe Liebezeit, Megan L. Boldenow, Richard Ottvall, Richard B. Lanctot, Rebecca L. McGuire, Olivier Gilg, Loïc Bollache, Aleksandr Sokolov, José A. Alves, Nathan R. Senner, Eldar Rakhimberdiev, Jan A. van Gils, Sarah E. Jamieson, Emily L. Weiser, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Jeroen Reneerkens, Matthew Johnson, Marcelo Bertellotti, H. River Gates, Brian J. McCaffery, Glenda D. Hevia, Nicolas Lecomte, Glen S. Brown, Natalya A. Sokolova, Niels Martin Schmidt, Verónica L. D’Amico, Bart Kempenaers, Martin Bulla, Rob van Bemmelen, Diana V. Solovyeva, Rose J. Swift, Johannes Lang, Ricardo Augusto Serpa Cerboncini, James A. Johnson, Martijn van de Pol, Erica Nol, Juan Fernandez-Elipe, Jennie Rausch, Jannik Hansen, Theunis Piersma, Stephen C. Brown, Paul A. Smith, Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Alaska [Anchorage], Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique (GREA), Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Natural Resource Sciences - National Park Service, Institute of Biological Problems of the North (IBPN), Graduate Program in Production Engineering and System (PPGEPS), Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], Department of Biology, Trent University, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND FORESTRY CAN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Summit Analytical, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Audubon Society of Portland, Departement de Biologie & Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie - Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Departamento de Matematica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Institute of Avian Research, Vogelwarte Helgoland, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Durham University, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), University of Montana, Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Université de Moncton, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Arctic Beringia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University [New York], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Shorebird Recovery Program, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology and Evolution, Inst. Vertebrate Biol., Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Migratory Bird Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Animal Ecology (AnE), Piersma group, Palsbøll lab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, CLIMATE CHANGE, NEST PREDATION, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Nesting Behavior, Ciencias Biológicas, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Predatory behavior, Nest, Life Science, Animals, INVESTIGATOR DISTURBANCE, 14. Life underwater, SHOREBIRDS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Arctic Regions, Plan_S-Compliant_NO, Ecología, 15. Life on land, The arctic, 010601 ecology, Geography, ECOLOGICAL TRAP, 13. Climate action, international, Predatory Behavior, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

Kubelka et al. (Reports, 9 November 2018, p. 680) claim that climate change has disrupted patterns of nest predation in shorebirds. They report that predation rates have increased since the 1950s, especially in the Arctic. We describe methodological problems with their analyses and argue that there is no solid statistical support for their claims. Fil: Bulla, Martin. Nioz Royal Netherlands Institute For Sea Research; Países Bajos. Max Planck Institute For Ornithology; Alemania. Czech University of Life Sciences; República Checa Fil: Reneerkens, Jeroen. Nioz Royal Netherlands Institute For Sea Research; Países Bajos. University of Groningen; Países Bajos Fil: Weiser, Emily L.. Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Sokolov, Aleksandr. Institute Of Plant And Animal Ecology; Rusia Fil: Taylor, Audrey R.. University of Alaska; Estados Unidos Fil: Sittler, Benoît. Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg; Alemania. Arctic Ecology Research Group; Francia Fil: McCaffery, Brian J.. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Ruthrauff, Dan R.. U.S. Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: Catlin, Daniel H.. Virginia Tech University; Estados Unidos Fil: Payer, David C.. National Park Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Ward, David H.. U.S. Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: Solovyeva, Diana V.. Institute of Biological Problems of the North; Rusia Fil: Santos, Eduardo S. A.. Universidade de São Paulo; Brasil Fil: Rakhimberdiev, Eldar. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Rusia. University of Groningen; Países Bajos Fil: Nol, Erica. Trent University; Canadá Fil: Kwon, Eunbi. Virginia Tech; Estados Unidos Fil: Brown, Glen S.. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Canadá Fil: Hevia, Glenda Denise. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Gates, H. River. National Audubon Society; Estados Unidos Fil: Johnson, James A.. Fish and Wildlife Service; Estados Unidos Fil: van Gils, Jan A.. Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University; Países Bajos Fil: Hansen, Jannik. Aarhus University. Aarhus Institute Of Advanced Studies.; Dinamarca Fil: Lamarre, Jean-François. Polar Knowledge Canada; Canadá Fil: Rausch, Jennie. Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadá Fil: Conklin, Jesse R.. University of Groningen; Países Bajos Fil: Liebezeit, Joe. Audubon Society of Portland; Estados Unidos Fil: Bêty, Joël. University of Quebec; Canadá Fil: Lang, Johannes. Arctic Ecology Research Group ; Francia. Giessen University; Alemania Fil: Alves, José A.. University of Aveiro; Portugal. University of Iceland; Islandia Fil: Fernández-Elipe, Juan. No especifíca; Fil: Exo, Klaus-Michael. Institute of Avian Research “Vogelwarte Helgoland"; Alemania Fil: Bollache, Loïc. Universite de Franche-Comte; Francia Fil: Bertellotti, Néstor Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Giroux, Marie-Andrée. Université de Moncton; Canadá Fil: van de Pol, Martijn. Netherlands Institute of Ecology ; Países Bajos Fil: Johnson, Matthew. USDA Forest Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Boldenow, Megan L.. University of Alaska; Estados Unidos Fil: Valcu, Mihai. Max Planck Institute für Ornithologie; Alemania Fil: Soloviev, Mikhail. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Alemania Fil: Sokolova, Natalya. Arctic Research Station; Rusia Fil: Senner, Nathan R.. University of South Carolina; Estados Unidos Fil: Lecomte, Nicolas. Université de Moncton; Canadá Fil: Meyer, Nicolas. Universite de Franche-Comte; Francia. Arctic Ecology Research Group; Francia Fil: Schmidt, Niels Martin. Aarhus University. Department of Bioscience; Dinamarca Fil: Gilg, Olivier. Arctic Ecology Research Group; Francia. Universite de Franche-Comte; Francia Fil: Smith, Paul A.. Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadá Fil: Machín, Paula. No especifíca; Fil: McGuire, Rebecca L.. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados Unidos Fil: Cerboncini, Ricardo A. S.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Ottvall, Richard. No especifíca; Fil: van Bemmelen, Rob S. A.. Wageningen Marine Research; Países Bajos Fil: Swift, Rose J.. Cornell University; Estados Unidos Fil: Saalfeld, Sarah T.. No especifíca; Fil: Jamieson,Sarah E.. Simon Fraser University; Canadá Fil: Brown, Stephen. No especifíca; Fil: Piersma, Theunis. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research; Países Bajos. Conservation Ecology Group; Países Bajos Fil: Albrecht, Tomas. Czech Academy of Sciences; República Checa. Charles University; República Checa Fil: D’Amico, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Lanctot, Richard B.. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Kempenaers, Bart. Max Planck Institute für Ornithologie; Alemania

Published
2019
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7. Molar shape differentiation during range expansions of the collared lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus) related to past climate changes

Author

Olivier Gilg, Sophie Montuire, Natalya A. Sokolova, Nicolas Navarro, Adam Nadachowski, Anna Lemanik, Aurélien Royer, Aleksandr Sokolov, Emmanuel Desclaux, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique (GREA), Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Arctic Research Center of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Laboratoire Départemental de Préhistoire du Lazaret (LDPL), Département des Alpes-Maritimes, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Funding from the National Science Centre, Poland, grant no: UMO-2017/25/B/NZ8/02005, from the French Polar Institute-IPEV (program 'Interactions 1036'), by PRC CNRS Russia (program 'ECCVAT'), and by the Russian Fund for Basic Research grants #18-05-60261 (Arctic) and #18-54-15013., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
Collared lemmings, 0106 biological sciences, Archeology, Pleistocene, Range (biology), Climate, Zoology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Range expansion, Dicrostonyx torquatus, Glacial period, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Morphometrics, Geometric morphometrics, 0303 health sciences, Global and Planetary Change, biology, Collared lemming, Geology, biology.organism_classification, Ancient DNA, 13. Climate action, Biological dispersal, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract

12 pages; International audience; The genus Dicrostonyx (the collared lemming) is undoubtedly the small mammal best adapted to the extreme conditions of the arctic environment. The Palearctic collared lemming has been described in numerous European Late Pleistocene localities up to south of France and Croatia. This species experienced climate-driven changes through time, changes mainly observed as repetitive pulses of pan-continental migration, and it thus became a typical indicator of glacial conditions. Using geometric morphometrics on molars, we evaluate the shape changes occurring during the last 100 ky over some dispersal events in Western Europe. The results point out that Dicrostonyx torquatus has a large intra-population variation with a homogenous morphology, regardless of the origin of the individuals. A temporal trend leading to a more complex tooth with a differentiated anterior loop on the first lower molar was observed. An additional effect of the distance from the core populations was also described with a more peculiar shape for the most western populations of France. These temporal and geographical trends might relate to the different migratory pulses documented from ancient DNA haplotypes.

Published
2019
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8. Satellite tracking of Ross’s Gull Rhodostethia rosea in the Arctic Ocean

Author

Alexandre Andreev, Alexander Kondratyev, Olivier Gilg, Adrian Aebischer, Aleksandr Sokolov, Andrew Dixon, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique ( GREA ), Laboratory of Ornithology, Institute of Biological Problems of the North ( IBPN ), Ecological Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences ( UB RAS ), International Wildlife Consultants Ltd, and Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Delta, Satellite tracking, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, Ross’s Gull, Sea ice, Rhodostethia rosea, Staging area, Rates of travel, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Polar night, Ecology, biology.organism_classification, 010601 ecology, Siberia, Oceanography, Geography, Habitat, Arctic, Archipelago, Post-breeding migration, Sea-ice
Abstract

5 pages; International audience; Ross’s Gull is one of the most emblematic Arctic birds and least known seabirds in the world; post-breeding movements and the use of sea-ice habitats have been long debated, but described only from scattered observations. We tracked two adults, a male and female, breeding in the Kolyma Delta, Russia, using the lightest (

Published
2016
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