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1,087 results on '"Grundy S"'

1. P1.13-04 The LuCID Study: Detection of Lung Cancer Breath Biomarkers via Breath Biopsy in a Multi-Centre Trial

Author

Schee, M.v.d., primary, Allsworth, M., additional, Chen, Y., additional, de Saedeleer, A., additional, Leal, M., additional, Dragonieri, S., additional, Wirtz, H., additional, Gaga, M., additional, Scherpereel, A., additional, Prasad, A., additional, Haris, M., additional, Grundy, S., additional, Ricketts, W., additional, Fuller, L., additional, Facenda, J., additional, Bennet, J., additional, Chee, S., additional, Barlow, A., additional, Wight, A., additional, Conteh, V., additional, Ledson, M., additional, Mishra, E., additional, Bhatta, A., additional, Weatherhead, M., additional, Crosbie, P., additional, Wrightson, J., additional, Janes, S., additional, Baldwin, D., additional, Boyle, B., additional, and Rintoul, R., additional

Published
2023
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2. Relationship between perceptions about neighborhood environment and prevalent obesity: data from the Dallas Heart Study.

Author

Albert, Michelle, Powell-Wiley, TM, Ayers, CR, de, JA, Lakoski, SG, Vega, GL, Grundy, S, Das, SR, Banks-Richard, K, and Albert, MA

Abstract

Although psychosocial stress can result in adverse health outcomes, little is known about how perceptions of neighborhood conditions, a measure of environment-derived stress, may impact obesity. The association between perceptions of neighborhood environme

Published
2013

3. Nanoscale Titanium Surface Engineering via Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Etching for Enhanced Antimicrobial Properties.

Author

Morel, J, McNeilly, O, Grundy, S, Brown, T, Gunawan, C, Amal, R, Scott, JA, Morel, J, McNeilly, O, Grundy, S, Brown, T, Gunawan, C, Amal, R, and Scott, JA

Abstract

Bioinspired nanotopography artificially fabricated on titanium surfaces offers a solution for the rising issue of postoperative infections within orthopedics. On a small scale, hydrothermal etching has proven to deliver an effective antimicrobial nanospike surface. However, translation to an industrial setting is limited by the elevated synthesis temperature (150 °C) and associated equipment requirements. Here, for the first time, we fabricate surface nanostructures using comparatively milder synthesis temperatures (75 °C), which deliver physicochemical properties and antimicrobial capability comparable to the high-temperature surface. Using a KOH etchant, the simultaneous formation of titania and titanate crystals at both temperatures produces a one-dimensional nanostructure array. Analysis indicated that the formation mechanism comprises dissolution and reprecipitation processes, identifying the deposited titanates as hydrated layered tetra-titanates (K2Ti4O9·nH2O). A proposed nanospike formation mechanism was confirmed through the identification of a core and outer shell for individual nanostructures, primarily comprised of titanates and titania, respectively. Etching conditions dictated crystalline formation, favoring a thicker titanate core for nanorods under higher synthesis temperatures and etchant concentrations. A bactericidal investigation showed the efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria for a representative low-temperature nanosurface (34.4 ± 14.4%) was comparable to the higher temperature nanosurface (34.0 ± 17.0%), illustrating the potential of low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. Our results provide valuable insight into the applicability of low-temperature etching protocols that are more favorable in large-scale manufacturing settings.

Published
2023

5. ChatGPT versus engineering education assessment: a multidisciplinary and multi-institutional benchmarking and analysis of this generative artificial intelligence tool to investigate assessment integrity

Author

Nikolic, S, Daniel, S, Haque, R, Belkina, M, Hassan, GM, Grundy, S, Lyden, S, Neal, P, Sandison, C, Nikolic, S, Daniel, S, Haque, R, Belkina, M, Hassan, GM, Grundy, S, Lyden, S, Neal, P, and Sandison, C

Abstract

ChatGPT, a sophisticated online chatbot, sent shockwaves through many sectors once reports filtered through that it could pass exams. In higher education, it has raised many questions about the authenticity of assessment and challenges in detecting plagiarism. Amongst the resulting frenetic hubbub, hints of potential opportunities in how ChatGPT could support learning and the development of critical thinking have also emerged. In this paper, we examine how ChatGPT may affect assessment in engineering education by exploring ChatGPT responses to existing assessment prompts from ten subjects across seven Australian universities. We explore the strengths and weaknesses of current assessment practice and discuss opportunities on how ChatGPT can be used to facilitate learning. As artificial intelligence is rapidly improving, this analysis sets a benchmark for ChatGPT’s performance as of early 2023 in responding to engineering education assessment prompts. ChatGPT did pass some subjects and excelled with some assessment types. Findings suggest that changes in current practice are needed, as typically with little modification to the input prompts, ChatGPT could generate passable responses to many of the assessments, and it is only going to get better as future versions are trained on larger data sets.

Published
2023

6. Laboratory learning objectives: ranking objectives across the cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains within engineering

Author

Nikolic, S, Suesse, TF, Grundy, S, Haque, R, Lyden, S, Hassan, GM, Daniel, S, Belkina, M, Lal, S, Nikolic, S, Suesse, TF, Grundy, S, Haque, R, Lyden, S, Hassan, GM, Daniel, S, Belkina, M, and Lal, S

Abstract

The literature on laboratory objectives in engineering education research is scattered and inconsistent. Systematic literature reviews identified the need for better understanding. This paper ranks the laboratory learning objectives across the cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains to improve scaffolding. It provides an opportunity for reflection, a pathway to confirm assessment alignment, and opens future research areas. To accomplish this, the Laboratory Learning Objectives Measurement (LLOM) instrument is used to survey 160 academics from around the world representing 18 engineering disciplines. The results suggest that the collective ranking order does represent a framework that can be used broadly. However, for greater alignment with consensus thinking, discipline rankings should be used. The cognitive domain was deemed the most important. These results provide the community’s opinion and may not necessarily be best practice, providing an opportunity for reflection.

Published
2023

7. A ranking comparison of the traditional, online and mixed laboratory mode learning objectives in engineering: Uncovering different priorities

Author

Nikolic, S, Grundy, S, Haque, R, Lal, S, Hassan, GM, Daniel, S, Belkina, M, Lyden, S, Suesse, TF, Nikolic, S, Grundy, S, Haque, R, Lal, S, Hassan, GM, Daniel, S, Belkina, M, Lyden, S, and Suesse, TF

Abstract

The laboratory, an integral component of engineering education, can be conducted via traditional, online or mixed modes. Within these modes is a diverse range of implementation formats, each with different strengths and weaknesses. Empirical evidence investigating laboratory learning is rather scattered, with objectives measurement focused on the innovation in question (e.g., new simulation or experiment). Recently, a clearer picture of the most important laboratory learning objectives has formed. Missing is an understanding of whether academics implementing laboratories across different modes think about learning objectives differently. Using a survey based on the Laboratory Learning Objectives Measurement instrument, academics from a diverse range of engineering disciplines from across the world undertook a ranking exercise. The findings show that those implementing traditional and mixed laboratories align closely in their ranking choices, while those implementing online-only laboratories think about the objectives slightly differently. These findings provide an opportunity for reflection, enabling engineering educators to refine the alignment of their teaching modes, implementations and assessments with their intended learning objectives.

Published
2023

11. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study

Author

Roth, G, Mensah, G, Johnson, C, Addolorato, G, Ammirati, E, Baddour, L, Barengo, N, Beaton, A, Benjamin, E, Benziger, C, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brodmann, M, Cahill, T, Carapetis, J, Catapano, A, Chugh, S, Cooper, L, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, Decleene, N, Eagle, K, Emmons-Bell, S, Feigin, V, Fernandez-Sola, J, Fowkes, G, Gakidou, E, Grundy, S, He, F, Howard, G, Hu, F, Inker, L, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, N, Koroshetz, W, Lavie, C, Lloyd-Jones, D, Lu, H, Mirijello, A, Temesgen, A, Mokdad, A, Moran, A, Muntner, P, Narula, J, Neal, B, Ntsekhe, M, Moraes de Oliveira, G, Otto, C, Owolabi, M, Pratt, M, Rajagopalan, S, Reitsma, M, Ribeiro, A, Rigotti, N, Rodgers, A, Sable, C, Shakil, S, Sliwa-Hahnle, K, Stark, B, Sundstrom, J, Timpel, P, Tleyjeh, I, Valgimigli, M, Vos, T, Whelton, P, Yacoub, M, Zuhlke, L, Murray, C, Fuster, V, Fowkes, F, Misganaw, A, Oliveira, G, Sliwa, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdi, A, Abedi, A, Aboyans, V, Abrha, W, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, A, Acharya, D, Adair, T, Adebayo, O, Ademi, Z, Advani, S, Afshari, K, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, M, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akande-Sholabi, W, Aklilu, A, Akunna, C, Alahdab, F, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhabib, K, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Amegah, A, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amu, H, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, C, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, Z, Antonazzo, I, Antony, B, Anwer, R, Appiah, L, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, K, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awan, A, Awoke, M, Ayele, H, Ayza, M, Azari, S, B, D, Baheiraei, N, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banik, P, Baptista, E, Barboza, M, Barua, L, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Bejot, Y, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berman, A, Bezabih, Y, Bhagavathula, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, M, Boloor, A, Brant, L, Brenner, H, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Cahill, L, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, J, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chen, S, Chin, K, Choi, J, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cirillo, M, Coffey, S, Conti, S, Costa, V, Cundiff, D, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davletov, K, De la Cruz-Gongora, V, De la Hoz, F, De Neve, J, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Derbew Molla, M, Derseh, B, Desai, R, Deuschl, G, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, R, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Douiri, A, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Eagan, A, Ebtehaj, S, Eftekhari, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, I, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Esteghamati, S, Etisso, A, Eyawo, O, Fadhil, I, Faraon, E, Faris, P, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandez Prendes, C, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, S, Ganji, M, Garg, J, Gebre, A, Gebregiorgis, B, Gebregzabiher, K, Gebremeskel, G, Getacher, L, Obsa, A, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, S, Gill, P, Gillum, R, Glushkova, E, Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Gonfa, K, Goudarzian, A, Goulart, A, Guadamuz, J, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, T, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hankey, G, Hargono, A, Hartono, R, Hashemian, M, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Iavicoli, I, Ibeneme, C, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Islam, R, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Jain, V, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Jonnagaddala, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kahlon, T, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamel, I, Kandel, H, Kandel, A, Karch, A, Kasa, A, Katoto, P, Kayode, G, Khader, Y, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khan, E, Khatab, K, Kibria, G, Kim, Y, Kim, G, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimaki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, V, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Kwan, G, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lauriola, P, Lawrence, W, Laxmaiah, A, Legrand, K, Li, M, Li, B, Li, S, Lim, S, Lim, L, Lin, H, Lin, Z, Lin, R, Liu, X, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lugo, A, M, N, Madotto, F, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Mamun, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martini, S, Mathur, M, Mazzaglia, G, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, M, Meier, T, Menezes, R, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, D, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, M, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Montasir, A, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velasquez, I, Morze, J, Mubarik, S, Muruet, W, Musa, K, Nagarajan, A, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, A, Narasimha Swamy, S, Nascimento, B, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Nazarzadeh, M, Negoi, R, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, H, Nixon, M, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nouthe, B, Nowak, C, Odukoya, O, Ogbo, F, Olagunju, A, Orru, H, Ortiz, A, Ostroff, S, Padubidri, J, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E, Parvizi, M, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, U, Pathak, M, Paudel, R, Pepito, V, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Pham, H, Pilgrim, T, Piradov, M, Pishgar, F, Podder, V, Polibin, R, Pourshams, A, Pribadi, D, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Ur Rahman, M, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rakovac, I, Ram, P, Ramalingam, S, Rana, J, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Rawasia, W, Rawassizadeh, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Roberts-Thomson, R, Roever, L, Rohloff, P, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, G, Saadatagah, S, Saber-Ayad, M, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Safari, S, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, A, Santos, I, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shahid, I, Shaikh, M, Shamali, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shawon, M, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Silva, D, Singh, J, Mtech, A, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soheili, A, Spurlock, E, Stockfelt, L, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Tadbiri, H, Tadesse, E, Tadesse, D, Tajdini, M, Tariqujjaman, M, Teklehaimanot, B, Temsah, M, Tesema, A, Thakur, B, Thankappan, K, Thapar, R, Thrift, A, Timalsina, B, Tonelli, M, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tripathi, A, Tripathy, J, Truelsen, T, Tsegay, G, Tsegaye, G, Tsilimparis, N, Tusa, B, Tyrovolas, S, Umapathi, K, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Usman, M, Vaduganathan, M, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Velazquez, D, Venketasubramanian, N, Vu, G, Vujcic, I, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, F, Wei, J, Weintraub, R, Weldemariam, A, Westerman, R, Winkler, A, Wiysonge, C, Wolfe, C, Wubishet, B, Xu, G, Yadollahpour, A, Yamagishi, K, Yan, L, Yandrapalli, S, Yano, Y, Yatsuya, H, Yeheyis, T, Yeshaw, Y, Yilgwan, C, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Zachariah, G, Zaman, S, Zaman, M, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zarghi, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhong, C, Zou, Z, Zuniga, Y, Roth G. A., Mensah G. A., Johnson C. O., Addolorato G., Ammirati E., Baddour L. M., Barengo N. C., Beaton A. Z., Benjamin E. J., Benziger C. P., Bonny A., Brauer M., Brodmann M., Cahill T. J., Carapetis J., Catapano A. L., Chugh S. S., Cooper L. T., Coresh J., Criqui M., DeCleene N., Eagle K. A., Emmons-Bell S., Feigin V. L., Fernandez-Sola J., Fowkes G., Gakidou E., Grundy S. M., He F. J., Howard G., Hu F., Inker L., Karthikeyan G., Kassebaum N., Koroshetz W., Lavie C., Lloyd-Jones D., Lu H. S., Mirijello A., Temesgen A. M., Mokdad A., Moran A. E., Muntner P., Narula J., Neal B., Ntsekhe M., Moraes de Oliveira G., Otto C., Owolabi M., Pratt M., Rajagopalan S., Reitsma M., Ribeiro A. L. P., Rigotti N., Rodgers A., Sable C., Shakil S., Sliwa-Hahnle K., Stark B., Sundstrom J., Timpel P., Tleyjeh I. M., Valgimigli M., Vos T., Whelton P. K., Yacoub M., Zuhlke L., Murray C., Fuster V., Beaton A., Carapetis J. R., Chugh S., Criqui M. H., DeCleene N. K., Fowkes F. G. R., Kassebaum N. J., Koroshetz W. J., Misganaw A. T., Mokdad A. H., Oliveira G. M. M., Otto C. M., Owolabi M. O., Reitsma M. B., Rigotti N. A., Sable C. A., Shakil S. S., Sliwa K., Stark B. A., Tleyjeh I. I., Zuhlke L. J., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abdi A., Abedi A., Aboyans V., Abrha W. A., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A. I., Acharya D., Adair T., Adebayo O. M., Ademi Z., Advani S. M., Afshari K., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Ahmad S., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M. B., Aji B., Akalu Y., Akande-Sholabi W., Aklilu A., Akunna C. J., Alahdab F., Al-Eyadhy A., Alhabib K. F., Alif S. M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Alla F., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Amegah A. K., Amini S., Aminorroaya A., Amu H., Amugsi D. A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei T., Andrei C. L., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z. A., Antonazzo I. C., Antony B., Anwer R., Appiah L. T., Arabloo J., Arnlov J., Artanti K. D., Ataro Z., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Awan A. T., Awoke M. A., Ayele H. T., Ayza M. A., Azari S., B D. B., Baheiraei N., Baig A. A., Bakhtiari A., Banach M., Banik P. C., Baptista E. A., Barboza M. A., Barua L., Basu S., Bedi N., Bejot Y., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Berman A. E., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birhanu M. M., Boloor A., Brant L. C., Brenner H., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Cahill L. E., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L. A., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cantu-Brito C., Car J., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Chen S., Chin K. L., Choi J. -Y. J., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cirillo M., Coffey S., Conti S., Costa V. M., Cundiff D. K., Dadras O., Dagnew B., Dai X., Damasceno A. A. M., Dandona L., Dandona R., Davletov K., De la Cruz-Gongora V., De la Hoz F. P., De Neve J. -W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derbew Molla M., Derseh B. T., Desai R., Deuschl G., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Dhungana R. R., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dokova K., Douiri A., Duncan B. B., Duraes A. R., Eagan A. W., Ebtehaj S., Eftekhari A., Eftekharzadeh S., Ekholuenetale M., El Nahas N., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Esteghamati S., Etisso A. E., Eyawo O., Fadhil I., Faraon E. J. A., Faris P. S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fernandes E., Fernandez Prendes C., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Flood D., Fukumoto T., Gad M. M., Gaidhane S., Ganji M., Garg J., Gebre A. K., Gebregiorgis B. G., Gebregzabiher K. Z., Gebremeskel G. G., Getacher L., Obsa A. G., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Giampaoli S., Gilani S. A., Gill P. S., Gillum R. F., Glushkova E. V., Gnedovskaya E. V., Golechha M., Gonfa K. B., Goudarzian A. H., Goulart A. C., Guadamuz J. S., Guha A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hachinski V., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile T. G., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hankey G. J., Hargono A., Hartono R. K., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassen H. Y., Havmoeller R. J., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Herteliu C., Holla R., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Huang J., Humayun A., Iavicoli I., Ibeneme C. U., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Islam R. M., Iso H., Iwagami M., Jain V., Javaheri T., Jayapal S. K., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jeemon P., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Jonnagaddala J., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kahlon T., Kalani R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamel I., Kandel H., Kandel A., Karch A., Kasa A. S., Katoto P. D. M. C., Kayode G. A., Khader Y. S., Khammarnia M., Khan M. S., Khan M. N., Khan M., Khan E. A., Khatab K., Kibria G. M. A., Kim Y. J., Kim G. R., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kivimaki M., Kolte D., Koolivand A., Korshunov V. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kulkarni V., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., Kwan G. F., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lallukka T., Lan Q., Lasrado S., Lassi Z. S., Lauriola P., Lawrence W. R., Laxmaiah A., LeGrand K. E., Li M. -C., Li B., Li S., Lim S. S., Lim L. -L., Lin H., Lin Z., Lin R. -T., Liu X., Lopez A. D., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P. A., Lugo A., M N. K., Madotto F., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mamun A. A., Manafi N., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martini S., Mathur M. R., Mazzaglia G., Mehata S., Mehndiratta M. M., Meier T., Menezes R. G., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D. K., Mohammed S., Mohammed M. A., Mokhayeri Y., Molokhia M., Montasir A. A., Moradi G., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morawska L., Moreno Velasquez I., Morze J., Mubarik S., Muruet W., Musa K. I., Nagarajan A. J., Nalini M., Nangia V., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Nascimento B. R., Nayak V. C., Nazari J., Nazarzadeh M., Negoi R. 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W., Tsilimparis N., Tusa B. S., Tyrovolas S., Umapathi K. K., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Usman M. S., Vaduganathan M., Valdez P. R., Vasankari T. J., Velazquez D. Z., Venketasubramanian N., Vu G. T., Vujcic I. S., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang F., Wei J., Weintraub R. G., Weldemariam A. H., Westerman R., Winkler A. S., Wiysonge C. S., Wolfe C. D. A., Wubishet B. L., Xu G., Yadollahpour A., Yamagishi K., Yan L. L., Yandrapalli S., Yano Y., Yatsuya H., Yeheyis T. Y., Yeshaw Y., Yilgwan C. S., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zachariah G., Zaman S. B., Zaman M. S., Zamanian M., Zand R., Zandifar A., Zarghi A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Z. -J., Zhang Y., Zhang W., Zhong C., Zou Z., Zuniga Y. M. H., Murray C. J. 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A., Mensah G. A., Johnson C. O., Addolorato G., Ammirati E., Baddour L. M., Barengo N. C., Beaton A. Z., Benjamin E. J., Benziger C. P., Bonny A., Brauer M., Brodmann M., Cahill T. J., Carapetis J., Catapano A. L., Chugh S. S., Cooper L. T., Coresh J., Criqui M., DeCleene N., Eagle K. A., Emmons-Bell S., Feigin V. L., Fernandez-Sola J., Fowkes G., Gakidou E., Grundy S. M., He F. J., Howard G., Hu F., Inker L., Karthikeyan G., Kassebaum N., Koroshetz W., Lavie C., Lloyd-Jones D., Lu H. S., Mirijello A., Temesgen A. M., Mokdad A., Moran A. E., Muntner P., Narula J., Neal B., Ntsekhe M., Moraes de Oliveira G., Otto C., Owolabi M., Pratt M., Rajagopalan S., Reitsma M., Ribeiro A. L. P., Rigotti N., Rodgers A., Sable C., Shakil S., Sliwa-Hahnle K., Stark B., Sundstrom J., Timpel P., Tleyjeh I. M., Valgimigli M., Vos T., Whelton P. K., Yacoub M., Zuhlke L., Murray C., Fuster V., Beaton A., Carapetis J. R., Chugh S., Criqui M. H., DeCleene N. K., Fowkes F. G. R., Kassebaum N. J., Koroshetz W. J., Misganaw A. T., Mokdad A. H., Oliveira G. M. M., Otto C. M., Owolabi M. O., Reitsma M. B., Rigotti N. A., Sable C. A., Shakil S. S., Sliwa K., Stark B. A., Tleyjeh I. I., Zuhlke L. J., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abdi A., Abedi A., Aboyans V., Abrha W. A., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A. I., Acharya D., Adair T., Adebayo O. M., Ademi Z., Advani S. M., Afshari K., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Ahmad S., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M. B., Aji B., Akalu Y., Akande-Sholabi W., Aklilu A., Akunna C. J., Alahdab F., Al-Eyadhy A., Alhabib K. F., Alif S. M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Alla F., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Amegah A. K., Amini S., Aminorroaya A., Amu H., Amugsi D. A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei T., Andrei C. L., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z. A., Antonazzo I. C., Antony B., Anwer R., Appiah L. T., Arabloo J., Arnlov J., Artanti K. D., Ataro Z., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Awan A. T., Awoke M. A., Ayele H. T., Ayza M. A., Azari S., B D. B., Baheiraei N., Baig A. A., Bakhtiari A., Banach M., Banik P. C., Baptista E. A., Barboza M. A., Barua L., Basu S., Bedi N., Bejot Y., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Berman A. E., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birhanu M. M., Boloor A., Brant L. C., Brenner H., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Cahill L. E., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L. A., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cantu-Brito C., Car J., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Chen S., Chin K. L., Choi J. -Y. J., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cirillo M., Coffey S., Conti S., Costa V. M., Cundiff D. K., Dadras O., Dagnew B., Dai X., Damasceno A. A. M., Dandona L., Dandona R., Davletov K., De la Cruz-Gongora V., De la Hoz F. P., De Neve J. -W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derbew Molla M., Derseh B. T., Desai R., Deuschl G., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Dhungana R. R., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dokova K., Douiri A., Duncan B. B., Duraes A. R., Eagan A. W., Ebtehaj S., Eftekhari A., Eftekharzadeh S., Ekholuenetale M., El Nahas N., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Esteghamati S., Etisso A. E., Eyawo O., Fadhil I., Faraon E. J. A., Faris P. S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fernandes E., Fernandez Prendes C., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Flood D., Fukumoto T., Gad M. M., Gaidhane S., Ganji M., Garg J., Gebre A. K., Gebregiorgis B. G., Gebregzabiher K. Z., Gebremeskel G. G., Getacher L., Obsa A. G., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Giampaoli S., Gilani S. A., Gill P. S., Gillum R. F., Glushkova E. V., Gnedovskaya E. V., Golechha M., Gonfa K. B., Goudarzian A. H., Goulart A. C., Guadamuz J. S., Guha A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hachinski V., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile T. G., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hankey G. J., Hargono A., Hartono R. K., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassen H. Y., Havmoeller R. J., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Herteliu C., Holla R., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Huang J., Humayun A., Iavicoli I., Ibeneme C. U., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Islam R. M., Iso H., Iwagami M., Jain V., Javaheri T., Jayapal S. K., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jeemon P., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Jonnagaddala J., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kahlon T., Kalani R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamel I., Kandel H., Kandel A., Karch A., Kasa A. S., Katoto P. D. M. C., Kayode G. A., Khader Y. S., Khammarnia M., Khan M. S., Khan M. N., Khan M., Khan E. A., Khatab K., Kibria G. M. A., Kim Y. J., Kim G. R., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kivimaki M., Kolte D., Koolivand A., Korshunov V. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kulkarni V., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., Kwan G. F., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lallukka T., Lan Q., Lasrado S., Lassi Z. S., Lauriola P., Lawrence W. R., Laxmaiah A., LeGrand K. E., Li M. -C., Li B., Li S., Lim S. S., Lim L. -L., Lin H., Lin Z., Lin R. -T., Liu X., Lopez A. D., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P. A., Lugo A., M N. K., Madotto F., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mamun A. A., Manafi N., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martini S., Mathur M. R., Mazzaglia G., Mehata S., Mehndiratta M. M., Meier T., Menezes R. G., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D. K., Mohammed S., Mohammed M. A., Mokhayeri Y., Molokhia M., Montasir A. A., Moradi G., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morawska L., Moreno Velasquez I., Morze J., Mubarik S., Muruet W., Musa K. I., Nagarajan A. J., Nalini M., Nangia V., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Nascimento B. R., Nayak V. C., Nazari J., Nazarzadeh M., Negoi R. I., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. L. T., Nixon M. R., Norrving B., Noubiap J. J., Nouthe B. E., Nowak C., Odukoya O. O., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Orru H., Ortiz A., Ostroff S. M., Padubidri J. R., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Parekh U., Park E. -C., Parvizi M., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel U. K., Pathak M., Paudel R., Pepito V. C. F., Perianayagam A., Perico N., Pham H. Q., Pilgrim T., Piradov M. A., Pishgar F., Podder V., Polibin R. V., Pourshams A., Pribadi D. R. A., Rabiee N., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Ur Rahman M. H., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rakovac I., Ram P., Ramalingam S., Rana J., Ranasinghe P., Rao S. J., Rathi P., Rawal L., Rawasia W. F., Rawassizadeh R., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Roberts-Thomson R. L., Roever L., Rohloff P., Romoli M., Roshandel G., Rwegerera G. M., Saadatagah S., Saber-Ayad M. M., Sabour S., Sacco S., Sadeghi M., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Safari S., Sahebkar A., Salehi S., Salimzadeh H., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Santos I. S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarrafzadegan N., Sarveazad A., Sathish T., Sawhney M., Saylan M., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Sha F., Shahabi S., Shahid I., Shaikh M. A., Shamali M., Shamsizadeh M., Shawon M. S. R., Sheikh A., Shigematsu M., Shin M. -J., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Shiue I., Shuval K., Siabani S., Siddiqi T. J., Silva D. A. S., Singh J. A., Mtech A. S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Soheili A., Spurlock E. E., Stockfelt L., Stortecky S., Stranges S., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Tadbiri H., Tadesse E. G., Tadesse D. B., Tajdini M., Tariqujjaman M., Teklehaimanot B. F., Temsah M. -H., Tesema A. K., Thakur B., Thankappan K. R., Thapar R., Thrift A. G., Timalsina B., Tonelli M., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tripathi A., Tripathy J. P., Truelsen T. C., Tsegay G. M., Tsegaye G. W., Tsilimparis N., Tusa B. S., Tyrovolas S., Umapathi K. K., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Usman M. S., Vaduganathan M., Valdez P. R., Vasankari T. J., Velazquez D. Z., Venketasubramanian N., Vu G. T., Vujcic I. S., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang F., Wei J., Weintraub R. G., Weldemariam A. H., Westerman R., Winkler A. S., Wiysonge C. S., Wolfe C. D. A., Wubishet B. L., Xu G., Yadollahpour A., Yamagishi K., Yan L. L., Yandrapalli S., Yano Y., Yatsuya H., Yeheyis T. Y., Yeshaw Y., Yilgwan C. S., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zachariah G., Zaman S. B., Zaman M. S., Zamanian M., Zand R., Zandifar A., Zarghi A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Z. -J., Zhang Y., Zhang W., Zhong C., Zou Z., Zuniga Y. M. H., and Murray C. J. L.

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside

Published
2020

12. P169 An update on the STRATIFY (staging by thoracoscopy in potentially radically treatable non-small cell lung cancer associated with minimal pleural effusion) study

Author

Ferguson, J, primary, Rahman, N, additional, Maskell, N, additional, Lyons, J, additional, Grundy, S, additional, Sivakumar, D, additional, Corcoran, J, additional, Menzies, D, additional, Chalmers, A, additional, Alexander, L, additional, Kelly, C, additional, Shaw, A, additional, Dick, C, additional, Tsim, S, additional, Cowell, G, additional, Hopkins, T, additional, Woodward, R, additional, and Blyth, KG, additional

Published
2021
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16. Organic acid root-tip tissue-concentration in Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria ruziziensis

Author

Grundy, S. P., Jones, D. L., Godbold, D. L., Horst, W. J., editor, Schenk, M. K., editor, Bürkert, A., editor, Claassen, N., editor, Flessa, H., editor, Frommer, W. B., editor, Goldbach, H., editor, Olfs, H. -W., editor, Römheld, V., editor, Sattelmacher, B., editor, Schmidhalter, U., editor, Schubert, S., editor, v. Wirén, N., editor, and Wittenmayer, L., editor

Published
2001
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18. S73 Brain imaging in the management of people with lung cancer prior to therapy with curative intent: multi-centre review of the assumptions made in the NICE guideline NG122 evidence review

Author

Brockelsby, C, primary, Randles, V, additional, King, J, additional, Dildar, B, additional, Lee, X, additional, Nagarajan, T, additional, Rice, M, additional, Al-Najjar, H, additional, Atkins, A, additional, Sundar, R, additional, Brown, L, additional, Sharma, S, additional, Navani, N, additional, Prendecki, R, additional, O’Dowd, E, additional, Crisp, E, additional, Tufail, M, additional, Vella, C, additional, Grundy, S, additional, and Evison, M, additional

Published
2021
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26. Clinical effectiveness of routine brain imaging in the management of lung cancer prior to curative treatments

Author

Lee, X., primary, Nagarajan, T., additional, Evison, M., additional, Grundy, S., additional, Al-Najjar, H., additional, Brockelsby, C., additional, Randles, V., additional, Rice, M., additional, Dildar, B., additional, King, J., additional, Chlerigh, R., additional, Allen, R., additional, Sundar, R., additional, and Gray, S., additional

Published
2020
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28. Staging by Thoracoscopy in Potentially Radically Treatable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Associated with Minimal Pleural Effusion (STRATIFY) study: a prospective multicentre study

Author

Ferguson, J., primary, Alexander, L., additional, Kelly, C., additional, Chalmers, A., additional, Rahman, N., additional, Holme, J., additional, Grundy, S., additional, Ahmed, L., additional, Maskell, N., additional, Cowell, G., additional, Dick, C., additional, Tsim, S., additional, Hopkins, T., additional, Woodward, R., additional, and Blyth, K., additional

Published
2020
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35. Investigation of LED light effects on plant growth in improved protected horticulture system

Author

Jiang, N, Grundy, S, Bian, Z, and Lu, C

Subjects
fungi
Abstract

In controlled environment agriculture, energy is the predominant factor in production costs. Lighting is the one major consumers of energy. Commercial crop production in greenhouses can be enhanced by supplemental lighting which provides low moderate intensity light levels to increase photosynthesis and plant growth. Traditionally, horticultural lights were high-intensity discharge lamps such as high-pressure sodium (HPS), metal-halide (MH), and mercury (HPMV). The disadvantages of these lamps are high-energy costs, heat generation and suboptimal spectrum for photosynthesis.

Published
2017

36. Uncovering LED light effects on plant growth: new angles and perspectives

Author

Lu, C, Grundy, S, and Jiang, N

Abstract

In controlled environment agriculture, energy is the predominant factor in production costs. Lighting is the one major consumers of energy. Commercial crop production in greenhouses can be enhanced by supplemental lighting which provides low moderate intensity light levels to increase photosynthesis and plant growth. Traditionally, horticultural lights were high-intensity discharge lamps such as high-pressure sodium (HPS), metal-halide MH), and mercury (HPMV). The disadvantages of these lamps are high-energy costs, heat generation and suboptimal spectrum for photosynthesis.\ud \ud LED (Light emitting-diode) lamps are a promising technology that has tremendous potential to improve irradiance efficiency and to replace traditionally used horticultural lighting (Kozai et al., 2015). LED provides precise light spectrum and close illumination. Their small size, durability, long lifetime, and cool emitting temperature are more suitable for plant-based uses than many other light sources.\ud \ud This project aims to investigate energy use efficiency and photosynthesis with the evaluation and improvement of protected horticulture system. At the initial phase the effects of different supplemental light including LED light on plant growth and photosynthesis in lettuce have been studied, the higher luminous efficiency and positive impact for plant's growth showed the great potential of LED facilities compared with other artificial light and indicated that it is the most appropriate light resource at this stage. Claims of 50% energy savings for similar biomass yields are now obtained in the study. Further, extending the species of crops for LED faming system have been used for potential maximum efficiency during plant growth and development (Lu et al., 2015). The results also showed lettuce plants grown under the continuous combined red, green and blue LED light exhibited a remarkable decrease of nitrate contents at 24 h compared to other LED light treatments. In addition, red and blue light was more effective in facilitating lettuce plant growth than white LED light (Bian et ac., 2016). Moreover, continuous LED light at 24 h significantly increase phenolic compound concentrations.

Published
2017

41. Local Theories.

Author

Schibeci, R. A. and Grundy, S.

Abstract

Some issues in the debate between qualitative and quantitative researchers are examined. It is argued that "local theories" that apply in particular contexts can allow quantitative researchers to abandon the search for universal theories. Parallels are drawn between local theories in the quantitative tradition and case studies in the qualitative tradition. (Author/MT)

Published
1987

46. Self-management for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: Cochrane Systematic Review.

Author

Kelly, Carol, Spencer, Sally, Grundy, S, Lynes, Dave, Evans, DJW, Gudur, S, Milan, SJ, Kelly, Carol, Spencer, Sally, Grundy, S, Lynes, Dave, Evans, DJW, Gudur, S, and Milan, SJ

Abstract

Background The aims of therapeutic management for non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis are: preservation of lung function, reduction of symptoms and exacerbations, minimise complications, and improve quality of life. Self-management interventions are beneficial in the management of other airways diseases and has been identified as a research priority for bronchiectasis. Objectives To assess the efficacy, cost-effectiveness and adverse effects of self-management interventions for adults and children with non-CF bronchiectasis. Methods Cochrane Airways Group's Specialised Register, ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization trials portal were searched. We included all parallel and cluster-randomised controlled trials which included adults and children with non-CF bronchiectasis assessing self-management interventions delivered in any form (e.g. mobile device, face-to-face). Two reviewers independently assessed studies for eligibility and quality, and extracted data. Results We identified 53 records and included 2 studies. A total of 84 patients with bronchiectasis were randomised: one RCT of early rehabilitation in adults in two centres in England and one proof-of-concept RCT of an expert patient programme in adults in a single regional respiratory centre in Northern Ireland. Data aggregation was not possible. For primary outcomes, health-related quality of life was reported in both studies but showed no significant benefit. One study reported more deaths in the intervention group compared to the control group, (Intervention: 4 of 8, Control: 2 of 12), though small numbers limit interpretation. Neither study reported data on exacerbations requiring antibiotic therapy. For secondary outcomes, frequency of hospital admissions was reported in one study but was not significantly different between groups. Both studies reported lung function in terms of FEV1 but there were no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). One study reported data on self-e

Published
2018

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