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This study compared classifiers that differentiate between urbanized and non-urbanized areas based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-acquired RGB imagery. The tested solutions included numerous vegetation indices (VIs) thresholding and neural networks (NNs). The analysis was conducted for two study areas for which surveys were carried out using different UAVs and cameras. The ground sampling distances for the study areas were 10 mm and 15 mm, respectively. Reference classification was performed manually, obtaining approximately 24 million classified pixels for the first area and approximately 3.8 million for the second. This research study included an analysis of the impact of the season on the threshold values for the tested VIs and the impact of image patch size provided as inputs for the NNs on classification accuracy. The results of the conducted research study indicate a higher classification accuracy using NNs (about 96%) compared with the best of the tested VIs, i.e., Excess Blue (about 87%). Due to the highly imbalanced nature of the used datasets (non-urbanized areas constitute approximately 87% of the total datasets), the Matthews correlation coefficient was also used to assess the correctness of the classification. The analysis based on statistical measures was supplemented with a qualitative assessment of the classification results, which allowed the identification of the most important sources of differences in classification between VIs thresholding and NNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two commonly utilized methods for propagating uncertainties in model parameters of surface deformation caused by underground mining are compared in this study. These methods enable estimation of standard uncertainties in indicators of surface deformation, specifically: subsidence, tilt, and horizontal strain, to be calculated. The first method is the law of propagation of uncertainty (LPU), based on a first-order Taylor series expansion without the use of higherorder derivatives. The second method is the Monte Carlo (MC) method. It relies on the calculation of many values of deformation indicator for random values of model parameters. It is noteworthy that in the previous research in this field no comparison of these methods was carried out. The calculations performed in this study based on both methods allow the verification of results and the features of both approaches to be compared. Calculations were performed applying the Knothe model, which assumes a normal distribution for the influence function. Both average values and model parameter uncertainties derived from hard coal mining across the entire Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) region of Poland were used in this study. Model parameter uncertainties are high in this case, which is unfavorable for LPU, but results do indicate that this approach can be useful for propagating model parameter uncertainties for the surface deformation caused by underground mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting surface deformations caused by underground mining is an issue of significance both for the safety of overlaying facilities and for economic purposes. There are many different models for predicting the impact of underground mining on the land surface. One of them is the Knothe model commonly used in Poland and in the world. The paper presents two methods of estimating Knothe model parameters uncertainty. The parallel application of two methods enables the mutual verification of the results obtained and the identification of the potential errors and their sources in the case of any discrepancies. The first method is based on the socalled law of propagation of uncertainty, which in essence is the approximation based on the first-order Taylor series expansion. The second presented method is based on the Monte Carlo simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Indirect self-destructiveness and its manifestations in homosexual individuals remains a poorly studied area. Aim. The aim of this study was to comprehensively examine the syndrome of indirect self-destructiveness in homosexual individuals. Material and method. 156 homosexual individuals (111 males, 45 females) aged 25-35 (mean age of 29.6) and 561 heterosexual individuals (400 males, 161 females) aged 24-36 (mean age of 28.2) were studied with regard to indirect self-destructiveness. The research instrument was the Polish version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CS-DS) including: Transgression and Risk (A1), Poor Health Maintenance (A2), Personal and Social Neglects (A3), Lack of Planfulness (A4) and Helplessness and Passiveness in the face of problems (A5). Results. Homosexual individuals obtained significantly higher scores than heterosexual ones in numerous scales: Indirect Self-Destructiveness -- global (general) index (p<0.001), A1-Transgression and Risk (p<0.001), A4-Lack of Planfulness (p<0.001) and A5-Helplessness, Passiveness (p=0.04) There were no significant differences in the Poor Health Maintenance scale (A2). They also achieved significantly higher scores in the subscales assessing using of psychoactive substances. Factor analysis revealed the presence of only one factor both in the group of homosexual and heterosexual individuals. Conclusions. The research results indicate that, as compared with the group of heterosexual individuals, in the group of homosexuals there occurs a worsening in psychological functioning, which may be also manifested by an increased indirect self-destructiveness index. The increased intensity of indirect self-destructiveness in homosexual individuals may be considered a manifestation of worsened psychological functioning. The homosexual individuals look after their health similarly to heterosexuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the sex (gender) differentiation of indirect self-destructiveness as a generalised behavioural tendency and its manifestations in individuals who attempted suicides. Methods. 147 individuals (114 females and 33 males) after suicide attempts were studied; the reference group consisted of 558 individuals (399 females and 159 males). Indirect self-destructiveness was examined by means of the Polish version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CS-DS) including Transgression and Risk (A1), Poor Health Maintenance (A2), Personal and Social Neglects (A3), Lack of Planfulness (A4) and Helplessness, Passiveness in the Face of Problems/Difficulties (A5). Results. Sex (gender) and suicide attempt significantly differentiate scores of the subjects on all indices/scales of indirect self-destructiveness. Scores of individuals after suicide attempts are considerably higher on almost all scales. In that group, significant differences between females and males occurred on the A2-Poor Health Maintenance, A3-Personal and Social Neglects, A4-Lack of Planfulness and A5-Helplessness scales. It was only on the A2-Poor Health Maintenance scale that females achieved higher scores. Conclusions. The intensity of indirect self-destructiveness in females who attempted suicides achieved the level observed in males who attempted suicides. Poor health maintenance was also more intense in them than in the group of males. Males after suicide attempts displayed the lowest poor health maintenance. Results of this study may have preventive and therapeutic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Behaviours causing harm to a subject are generally called self-destructive behaviours. For some time now direct/acute self-destructiveness and indirect/chronic self-destructiveness have been distinguished. Human activity is determined to a large degree by not only biological (somatic) sex but also psychological gender. The aim of the study was to examine relationships between indirect self-destructiveness and types of psychological gender. Material and method: 558 individuals (399 females and 159 males) aged 19-25 were studied (mean age: 22.6). The age of the females ranged from 19 to 24 (mean age: 22.4) and of the males - from 19 to 25 (mean age: 22.8). In order to examine the intensity of indirect self-destructiveness, the Polish version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale by Kelley (CS-DS), as adapted by Suchańska, was applied. The psychological gender was examined by means of the Polish version of the Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) by Bern, as adapted by Kuczyńska. Results: The highest scores on indirect self-destructiveness were achieved by non-sex-typed individuals, lower - by sex-typed and cross-sex-typed individuals (very similar scores). In females, indirect self-destructiveness positively correlates with the masculinity scale, whereas in males, it negatively correlates with the femininity scale. Conclusions: Biological sex and psychological gender are qualitative variables that differentiate the intensity of indirect self-destructiveness. Psychological gender opposite to biological sex is of significance to the intensity of indirect self-destructiveness. The psychological dimension of femininity protects against indirect self-destructiveness, while the psychological dimension of masculinity predisposes to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: During the last few years the number of studies on relation between dermatological diseases and psychological factors has increased. The objective of this studies is to present broad and complex spectrum of this relation and to treat patients with dermatological diseases in a holistic way. Objectives: The objective of the paper was to evaluate types of strategies of coping with stress and controlling emotions in patients with psoriasis and acne rosacea and to compare the results in relation to disease type and gender of the study subjects. Material and methods: 70 subjects aged 18 to 73 years, hospitalized at the Department of Dermatology, Medical University in Lodz participated into the study. 35 subjects with psoriasis and 35 subjects with acne rosacea were enrolled into the study. The following methods were used to asses psychological factors: R.H. Moos' Questionnaire of Coping with Stress Situations and J. Brzeziński's Control of Emotions Questionnaire. Results: Type of dermatological disease partly divided the patients as regards analyzed psychological factors. These were: control of emotogenic situations, emotional excitability and cognitive avoidance. Female patients differed from male patients in terms of controlling emotional expression and controlling emotogenic situations and in terms of general emotional resistance. Conclusions: The relation between emotional sphere and dermatological diseases consists in reciprocal interactions. Mental problems may induce dermatological diseases and sometimes intensify pathological symptoms. Only selected psychological factors statistically differentiated the patients, what may confirm the concept of stress as a non-specific reaction of an organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the research project was to assess the incidence of depressive disorders and enduring personality change in the victims of the WWII combatants and repression victims in the years 1940-1956., Materials and Methods: The study group consists of 57 members of combatant organizations in the Lodz Voivodeship. Two groups are discerned. Group one comprises individuals with depressive disorders and group two is made up of individuals without depressive disorders. The Beck Depression Inventory and Medical Socio-demographic Questionnaire were applied., Results: The group one (with depressive disorders) is characterized by a high incidence of mental disorders whereas the group two (without the disorders) demonstrates a high prevalence of psychosomatic disorders. Mental disorders related to enduring personality change following exposure to catastrophic stress are more common in the group with depressive disorders., Conclusions: The researchers wish to point to the need of thorough examination of various combatants and repression victims since the symptoms of enduring personality change following a catastrophic experience as well as after depression may coincide., (© 2018 MEDPRESS.)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to comprehensively examine the syndrome of indirect self-destructiveness in homosexual individuals., Methods: 156 homosexual individuals (111 males, 45 females) aged 25-35 (mean age of 29.6) and 561 heterosexual individuals (400 males, 161 females) aged 24-36 (mean age of 28.2) were studied with regard to indirect self-destructiveness. The research instrument was the Polish version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CS-DS) including: Transgression and Risk (A1), Poor Health Maintenance (A2), Personal and Social Neglects (A3), Lack of Planfulness (A4) and Helplessness and Passiveness in the face of problems (A5)., Results: Homosexual individuals obtained significantly higher scores than heterosexual ones in numerous scales: Indirect Self-Destructiveness - global (general) index (p<0.001), A1-Transgression and Risk (p<0.001), A4-Lack of Planfulness (p<0.001) and A5-Helplessness, Passiveness (p=0.04) There were no significant differences in the Poor Health Maintenance scale (A2). They also achieved significantly higher scores in the subscales assessing using of psychoactive substances. Factor analysis revealed the presence of only one factor both in the group of homosexual and heterosexual individuals., Conclusions: The research results indicate that, as compared with the group of heterosexual individuals, in the group of homosexuals there occurs a worsening in psychological functioning, which may be also manifested by an increased indirect self-destructiveness index. The increased intensity of indirect self-destructiveness in homosexual individuals may be considered a manifestation of worsened psychological functioning. The homosexual individuals look after their health similarly to heterosexuals.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the sex (gender) differentiation of indirect self-destructiveness as a generalised behavioural tendency and its manifestations in individuals who attempted suicides., Methods: 147 individuals (114 females and 33 males) after suicide attempts were studied; the reference group consisted of 558 individuals (399 females and 159 males). Indirect self-destructiveness was examined by means of the Polish version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CS-DS) including Transgression and Risk (A1), Poor Health Maintenance (A2), Personal and Social Neglects (A3), Lack of Planfulness (A4) and Helplessness, Passiveness in the Face of Problems/Difficulties (A5)., Results: Sex (gender) and suicide attempt significantly differentiate scores of the subjects on all indices/scales of indirect self-destructiveness. Scores of individuals after suicide attempts are considerably higher on almost all scales. In that group, significant differences between females and males occurred on the A2-Poor Health Maintenance, A3-Personal and Social Neglects, A4-Lack of Planfulness and A5-Helplessness scales. It was only on the A2-Poor Health Maintenance scale that females achieved higher scores., Conclusions: The intensity of indirect self-destructiveness in females who attempted suicides achieved the level observed in males who attempted suicides. Poor health maintenance was also more intense in them than in the group of males. Males after suicide attempts displayed the lowest poor health maintenance. Results of this study may have preventive and therapeutic implications.

Aim: Behaviours causing harm to a subject are generally called self-destructive behaviours. For some time now direct/acute self-destructiveness and indirect/chronic self-destructiveness have been distinguished. Human activity is determined to a large degree by not only biological (somatic) sex but also psychological gender. The aim of the study was to examine relationships between indirect self-destructiveness and types of psychological gender., Material and Method: 558 individuals (399 females and 159 males) aged 19-25 were studied (mean age: 22.6). The age of the females ranged from 19 to 24 (mean age: 22.4) and of the males - from 19 to 25 (mean age: 22.8). In order to examine the intensity of indirect self-destructiveness, the Polish version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale by Kelley (CS-DS), as adapted by Suchańska, was applied. The psychological gender was examined by means of the Polish version of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) by Bem, as adapted by Kuczyńska., Results: The highest scores on indirect self-destructiveness were achieved by non-sex-typed individuals, lower- by sex-typed and cross-sex-typed individuals (very similar scores). In females, indirect self-destructiveness positively correlates with the masculinity scale, whereas in males, it negatively correlates with the femininity scale., Conclusions: Biological sex and psychological gender are qualitative variables that differentiate the intensity of indirect self-destructiveness. Psychological gender opposite to biological sex is of significance to the intensity of indirect self-destructiveness. The psychological dimension of femininity protects against indirect self-destructiveness, while the psychological dimension of masculinity predisposes to it.

Thyroid disorders, both in women who wish to conceive and in gravidas, has become a topic of much interest to numerous researchers. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a potentially life-threatening condition among women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). We present a case of thyroid dysfunction in severe OHSS in a patient diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism before COH. The dose of L-thyroxine (L-T4) was increased before the procedure in order to reach TSH levels below 2.5 mU/L, and from day 1 of the stimulation the dose of L-T4 was increased by 33%. The patient remained clinically and biochemically euthyroid until day 8 after the embriotransfer (ET). Then, the woman developed severe OHSS, with fluid in the pleural and peritoneal cavity and laboratory evidence of severe OHSS. Laboratory thyroid function tests revealed overt hypothyroidism. L-T4 dose was not increased due to serious clinical condition of the patient. Iodine supplementation was initiated instead. After the symptoms subsided, a period of clinical and laboratory euthyroid state was observed, followed by gestational hyperthyroidism. The L-T4 dose was reduced and iodine supplementation was temporarily ceased. The thyroid function stabilized, while maintaining the L-T4 and iodine supplementation, at 20 weeks of gestation. The patient gave birth by a caesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation and returned to the pre-pregnancy dose of L-T4. To the best of our knowledge, this has been the first report about a patient with thyroid dysfunction in severe OHSS in the Polish literature. On the basis of the presented case and a review of the literature on thyroid dysfunction in women undergoing COH and OHSS, we conclude that clinical signs and biochemical parameters need to be taken into consideration while making therapeutic decision in women with thyroid dysfunction in the course of OHSS. Also, further studies are necessary to elucidate the matter.

Unlabelled: With age occurs the aging central nervous system, and therefore increases the risk of mental disorders in this medium, including depressive disorders. In particular, a large proportion of depressive disorders in the organic substrate is observed in people over 65 years of age. Literature says that in this age group as 15-30% of people receiving assistance from family doctors have diagnosed depression. THE AIM OF THE STUDY was to investigate the comorbidity in patients with a diagnosis of organic depression., Materials and Methods: We analyzed 227 medical records of diagnosed depressive disorders coexisting with other organic mental disorders in patients hospitalized in 2008-2010 in the Specialist Hospital Dr. J. Babiński in Cracow. We analyzed the medical records of outpatient treatment of the above. Analyses were made medical history by questionnaire of our own design., Results: It has been shown that in the organic comorbidity depressive disorders related in most men, between 60 and 70 years of age. Most were people about the origin of the workers and peasants, mainly in vocational education. Every second person was unmarried. The subjects usually receive disability benefits and retirement. The organic depressive disorders frequently co-exist: the teams dementia, anxiety, personality disorders, delusional teams. The subjects were mainly dependent on alcohol and sedative drugs from the group of benzodiazepines. In every other test persons experienced cardiovascular disease. Among patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence disorder typical of taking psychoactive substances such as liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract. The treatment was particularly detrimental in people addicted to drugs., Conclusions: In the study population were two main groups of comorbid namely to psychoactive drugs and mental disorders not related with dependence on psychoactive substances. Comparative analysis of the dynamics of the disease has a significant adverse course and prognosis in children with addiction. In both groups, somatic concern comorbidity cardiovascular disease and in the control group significantly frequent somatic disorders typical of alcoholics (liver, pancreas).

Unlabelled: The essential element of the functioning of patients is the assessment of quality of life and its determinants. Taking into account the depression process and its specific nature this seems to be of special importance., Aim: The aim of this paper was the assessment of importance of psychological determinants of quality of life in women with depressive disorders., Methods: The tests were carried out on the basis of the analysis of medical documentation, including the psychiatric records. The following criteria were measured: depression level (Beck Hopelessness Scale), quality of life (The Life Satisfaction Questionnaire FLZ according to Fahrenberg), personality model (NEO Five-Factor Inventory), optimism (The Life Orientation Test-Revised LOT-R by M. Scheier, ChS. Carver and M. Bridges adapted by R. Poprawa and Z. Juczyński), purpose in life (The Purpose-in-Life Test developed by Crumbaugh and Maholick according to the authorised translation by Z. Płuzek), social support (The Social Support Questionnaire by Sommer G, Fydrich T, 1989 adapted by Z. Juczyński), health satisfaction (General Health Questionnaire GHQ 28 by David Goldberg). Women diagnosed with depressive disorders were qualified for testing. The tested group of women included 80 patients in the age bracket of 40 to 60 years from the Outpatient Department of Mental Health, Regional Specialised Hospital in Zgierz. The reference group consisted of 30 women showing no symptoms of depressive disorders., Results: The statistical analysis of variables taken into account in the tests showed essential statistical differences between the compared groups with regard to almost all parameters. Significant differences were found in respect of life satisfaction, personality variables, social support, health satisfaction and purpose in life., Conclusions: The obtained results showed significant differences regarding the assessment of quality of life between the group of women with depressive disorders and the group of women without any symptoms of such disorders in respect of the tested psychological determinants. The only exception was the "parent-child relationship satisfaction" where no differences were found.

Aim: The author presents a new methodological approach to directed cued recall which point out the organization of emotional memories in autobiographical memory., Results: This approach gave opportunity to show connections between type of cues and attributes of recall memories in a group of 40 healthy persons., Conclusions: The research proved that there exists a tendency to recall mostly positive memories in reaction to positive cues, negative memories in reaction to negative cues, while the ambivalent cues caused recollection of mostly positive feelings although with a significant number of negative remembrances. What is more, experiments indicated that respondents' reminiscences were recalled in the shortest time when the cue was positive, in the longest time when the cue was ambivalent. Moreover, the largest number of remembrances was generated in response to positive cues.