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A new species of Grylloblattida, Ideliopsina aristovi sp. nov., is described from the Upper Triassic Ominé locality (Momonoki Formation, Mine Group, Japan). It belongs to a typical Triassic genus, Ideliopsina Storozhenko, 1996, which species have been previously reported from the Kyrgyz Republic and the Kazakhstan in Central Asia. The new species shows that the corresponding family, the Ideliidae ranging from the Cisuralian to the Late Triassic, remained widely distributed during the latter period, before its extinction.

Aristoviblattogryllus minor (Ren & Aristov, 2011), comb. nov. (Figs 2, 3) Plesioblattogryllus minor Ren & Aristov, 2011: 36, fig. 1; Cui, 2012: 171, figs 2–5; Storozhenko & Aristov, 24. Diagnosis. The new genus is similar to Plesioblattogryllus but differs from latter in a long RP+MA fusion with a long basal free part of MA and a very short basal free section of RP. Material. Holotype CNU-GRY-NN2008001 and newly collected CNU-GRY-NN2023001. Type locality and horizon. Holotype and newly collected specimen are both from the Daohugou locality, Inner Mongolia, China; Middle Jurassic. Description. Mediumsizedinsects, bodylengthabout 30 mm, forewing length about 20–25 mm; head with large compound eyes and three ocelli; mandibles asymmetrical; pronotum rectangular with wide ring of paranotalia (lateral expansions of the pronotum); legs ambulatorial, at least fore tibia with a few long spines; coxa enlarged, fore and mid coxa rounded, hind coxa square-shaped; tarsi 5-segmented, segments 1–4 short with poorly preserved euplantulae, fifth segment elongate with a pair of claws and without arolia; female ovipositor straight, about 4.5 mm long; cerci with 10–11 segments, about 7.5 mm long; eggs olive-shaped with strong longitudinal ridges. The details of wing-venation variability are given below. Holotype CNU-GRY-NN2008001 (Fig. 2): positive and negative imprints of left wing, likely a forewing, with distal part of AA area missing; 24.6 mm long, 7.4 mm wide; ScP ending on anterior wing margin; in distal portion of ScP–RA area crossveins desclerotized along line parallel to ScP and RA, located roughly in middle of area (likely indicating occurrence of flexion line); RA/RP fork in basal third of wing length; RA simple, nearly parallel to ScP; area between anterior wing margin and ScP slightly narrower than ScP–RA area; RP posteriorly pectinate, with four branches; RA–RP area very narrow, parallel to areas between anterior wing margin and ScP, and ScP–RA area; bases of M and CuA free for short distance; CuA arising early, then fused with M for 3.0 mm; MA diverging from M+CuA near basal fourth of wing length, then fused with RP for 3.1 mm, slightly after origin of RP; MA simple; MP diverging from MP+CuA slightly after origin of MA; MP simple, with middle part desclerotised; CuA forked into CuA1 and CuA2 1.2 mm after its origin from MP+CuA; CuA1/CuA2 fork nearly opposite to RP/MA fork; CuA2 simple; CuP strong, straight; AA with anterior-most vein forked; no evident ppa, possibly located basal to second AA vein; cross-veins scalariform, rarely reticulated. Specimen CNU-GRY-NN2023001 (Fig. 3): negative imprint of right wing, presumably hind wing, with posterior part of anal area folded; 19.6 mm long, 7.2 mm wide as preserved; ScP ending on anterior wing margin; in distal portion of ScP–RA area crossveins desclerotized; RA/RP fork slightly after basal fourth of wing length; RA simple and parallel to ScP; RP posteriorly pectinate, with five branches; area between anterior wing margin and ScP, and RA–RP area slightly narrower than ScP–RA area; base of M invisible; MA diverges from M+CuA in basal sixth of wing length; MA fused with RP for 2.5 long slightly after origin of RP; MA simple; MP diverges from MP+CuA slightly after origin of MA; MP simple, with middle part desclerotised; CuA forks into CuA1 and CuA2 slightly after its origin from MP+CuA; CuA forked earlier than divergence of MA from RP+MA; CuA2 simple; CuP strong, straight; AA with anteriormost vein forked, and both branches crossed by fold (presumably ppa); crossveins scalariform, rarely reticulated. Remarks. The new specimen CNU-GRY-NN2023001 is roughly identical to the holotype of A. minor except for a slightly smaller size, a 5-branched RP (4-branched in the holotype) and a possibly slightly expanded plicatum. In contrast with the comparatively larger size of the holotype, with 25 mm in wing length, the multiple specimens investigated by Cui (2012) indicated an average wing length for A. minor around 20 mm, including female individuals, which is consistent with an assignment of the new specimen to this species. However, the new specimen is also wider than the holotype. As a consequence, both specimens differ in general shape. Plastic deformation, already assumed for some specimens from the same locality (Cui et al., 2015: figs 7C, 8D), may have affected the specimen and caused the observed shape variation. A moderate elongation affecting the holotype along its longitudinal axis, and a moderate elongation affecting the new specimen along the transverse axis, could explain the observed difference. Thus, here we consider that the size/ shape difference displayed by the new material is under the range of intra-specific variation. In contrast with the general perception that a smaller size entails a reduced venation, the new material exhibits a 5-branched RP, while this vein has 4 branches in most specimens of A. minor, including the holotype. The range of variation of this character is not well-documented for Blattogryllopterida. However, at the level of the order Grylloblattida, such variation commonly occurs within a single species, as demonstrated by species known from large numbers of specimens, and specimens preserving complete wing pairs (Storozhenko, 1998; Béthoux & Nel, 2010; Aristov & Mostovski, 2013; Storozhenko & Aristov, 2014; Cui et al., 2015, 2022, and others). Thus, a variation ranging from 4 to 5 branches for RP is very likely in A. minor. Our observation of the new specimen shows that the two branches of the first anal vein are folded along a straight line (orange dashed line on Fig. 4B). Two possible scenarios on the interpretation of this line are proposed, namely (i) an accidental fold affecting a forewing; and (ii) the occurrence of a plica prima anterior (ppa) crossing AA veins, suggestive of a hind wing. The second scenario is plausible, since ppa is commonly oblique in hind wings of polyneopteran insects. And although it rarely crosses veins in hind wing (but see Béthoux et al., 2011: fig. 3), such configuration cannot be excluded. Notably, in forewings of Mantodea in which the ppa is secondarily oblique, resulting in a somewhat enlarged plicatum, it crosses veins (Fig. 4; and see Demers-Potvin et al., 2021; Béthoux & Wieland, 2009). Under this scenario, the hind wing plicatum would be distinctly reduced in A. minor (but slightly enlarged compared to the forewing yet; Fig. 2B). Up to now, this state has never been documented in Grylloblattida (Storozhenko, 1998). It is worth mentioning that, within Polyneoptera, a secondarily reduced hind wing plicatum has been acquired in Embioptera and within Isoptera (Ross, 2000; Engel et al., 2009). A third case of reduction is therefore plausible. If this is correct, possessing a reduced hind wing plicatum may compose a distinctive trait of a yet unnamed taxon within the Blattogryllopterida. Therefore, all the observed differences between the new material and the holotype of A. minor are considered as intra-specific variation.Further substantial investigation on wing venation, especially the hind wing, is needed.

Plesioblattogryllus aristovi sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) Material. Holotype NIGP201823 (a complete wing), housed in the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing, China. Etymology. Named in honor of late Dr. Daniil S. Aristov, in recognition of his important contribution to palaeoentomology. Diagnosis. Space between stem of MA and first branch of RP broad; RP posterior branches distally forked; first RP fork located far distad MA origin; CuA1 with two main branches; PCu2 with five branches; wing very long and distinctly slender (wing 50 mm long, ratio wing length/width at apex of CuA = 4.13). Type locality and horizon. Xiayingzi locality of the Daohugou Village, Wuhua Township, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, NE China; Middle-Late Jurassic, very close to the Middle and Late Jurassic boundary. Description. Wing 48.5 mm long, 11.5 mm wide; anterior margin straight; costal area equal in width to subcostal area at base of RP and very slightly narrower than subcostal area in distal third of wing; costal area in distal half of wing with short and straight crossveins; ScP ending close to apex of RA; ScP, stem of R (i. e., R before its fork into RA and RP) and RA nearly straight; RA nearly aligned with stem of R; a secondary longitudinal vein emerging from R, remaining closely parallel to it, and ending at one third of wing length (after separation of RP), with crossveins present between this vein, ScP, and R respectively; base of RP in basal third of wing, well-separated from MA+CuA; RP posteriorly branched, with five main branches; base of M appressed to that of R but probably free; M fused with CuA (into M+CuA) very close to wing base; MA and MP branching-off CuA in separate stems; MA, MP and CuA1 forked; CuA2 simple; CuA forks into CuA1 and CuA2 immediately distad base of MP; CuP+(PCu1) simple and straight; PCu2 with five branches; anal vein weak and forked; last branch of PCu2 and first branches of anal vein curved apically; area between M+CuA and CuP+(PCu1) broad, with sigmoidal crossveins; plica prima anterior range about 45º with wing anterior margin, a net of irregular cells is visible posterior to the anal veins., Published as part of HUANG, DI-YING & NEL, ANDRÉ, 2023, A third species of Plesioblattogryllus Huang et al., 2008 discovered in the Middle- Upper Jurassic Daohugou Beds (Insecta: Plesioblattogryllidae), pp. 191-197 in Palaeoentomology 6 (2) on page 192, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/7928913

HUANG, DI-YING, NEL, ANDRÉ (2023): A third species of Plesioblattogryllus Huang et al., 2008 discovered in the Middle- Upper Jurassic Daohugou Beds (Insecta: Plesioblattogryllidae). Palaeoentomology 6 (2): 191-197, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.2.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.2.10

The systematics of the Blattogryllopterida (Grylloblattida) from the Jurassic Daohugou locality (China) is reconsidered. The holotypes of Plesioblattogryllus magnificus and Duoduo qianae are examined and new synonymies are proposed: Plesioblattogryllus Huang, Nel & Petrulevičius, 2008 = Duoduo Cui, 2012, syn. nov.; Plesioblattogryllus magnificus Huang, Nel & Petrulevičius, 2008 = Duoduo qianae Cui, 2012, syn. nov. The holotype of Plesioblattogryllus minor Ren & Aristov, 2011 is reinvestigated and re-documented, and a new well-preserved single wing of this rare species, also uncovered from the Jurassic Daohugou locality, is described. Besides the holotype, it is the first specimen exhibiting well-exposed wing venation characters for the species. Particular characters, such as the desclerotised MP, are better observed and complemented by Reflectance Transforming Imaging documentation. The new specimen might be a hind wing with a reduced plicatum, a trait yet unknown in grylloblattids. Based on these new data it occurs that, in contrast to P. magnificus and most Blattogryllopterida, the species possesses a long RP+MA fusion, with a long basal free part of MA and a very short basal free section of RP. Together with other characters, it justifies the erection of new genus, Aristoviblattogryllus gen. nov., to accommodate the species Aristoviblattogryllus minor (Ren & Aristov, 2011), comb. nov.

Genus Ideliopsina Storozhenko, 1996 Type species. Ideliopsina nana Storozhenko, 1996 Composition. Ideliopsina kenderlykensis Aristov, 2005 (Norian, Triassic; Kenderlyk, Kazakhstan), Ideliopsina nana Storozhenko, 1996 (Ladinian–Carian, Triassic; Madygen, Kyrgyz Republic), Ideliopsina ornata Storozhenko, 1996 (Ladinian–Carian, Triassic; Madygen, Kyrgyz Republic), Ideliopsina ruginosa Storozhenko, 1996 (Ladinian–Carian, Triassic; Madygen, Kyrgyz Republic), Ideliopsina stupenda Storozhenko, 1996 (Ladinian–Carian, Triassic; Madygen, Kyrgyz Republic), and Ideliopsina aristovi sp. nov. (Carnian, Triassic; Ominé, Japan)., Published as part of OYAMA, NOZOMU, SHINODA, KENJI, TAKAHASHI, HUMIO, DOI, EIJI & BÉTHOUX, OLIVIER, 2023, A new species of the Triassic genus Ideliopsina (Grylloblattida: Ideliidae) from the Ominé locality (Momonoki Formation, southwest Japan), pp. 205-213 in Palaeoentomology 6 (2) on page 206, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.2.12, http://zenodo.org/record/7929038, {"references":["Storozhenko, S. Y. (1996) New Triassic grylloblattids of the family Ideliidae (Plecopteroidea, Grylloblattida). Russian Entomological Journal, 5, 13 - 19.","Aristov, D. S. (2005) New grylloblattids (Insecta: Grylloblattida) from the Triassic of eastern Europe, eastern Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Paleontological Journal, 39 (2), 64 - 67."]}

Ideliopsina aristovi Oyama & Béthoux sp. nov. (Figs 1–3) Holotype. MMHF-3-00101, a right forewing with base and apical area incomplete (two sides, in dorsal and ventral aspects). Etymology. The specific epithet honors the late Daniil S. Aristov, for his extensive contribution to our knowledge of the evolution of Grylloblattida, and of insects in general. Diagnosis. Ideliopsina aristovi sp. nov. is distinguished from the congeners by the following combination of characters: first fork of MA located basal to the first fork of RP; MP and CuP straight. Locality and horizon. Momonoki Formation (Mine Group); Ominé locality, Mine City area, Yamaguchi (Japan); Carnian (Upper Triassic; Hase, 1951; Ishibashi et al., 1990; Wakita et al., 2021). Description. Forewing 10.3 mm long, 4.0 mm wide (at its widest), without coloration pattern; anterior wing margin thin; in the median area of the wing, anterior and posterior wing margins not parallel, forming a low angle (10 degrees) instead; area between anterior wing margin and ScP broad (3.6 mm at its widest; 3.3 mm opposite the RA/RP fork); ScP mainly anteriorly pectinate, with 12 main veinlets, sometimes branched (up to three orders of branching, as preserved), with a total 18 veinlets reaching the wing margin (as preserved); RA/RP fork located distally to the MA/MP fork; RA simple, with one anterior veinlet preserved; RP branched 5.4 mm distal to its origin, with a total of 4 branches (as preserved); MA simple for along distance (12.7 mm), with at least one fork; MP desclerotized in the middle of its course (or, wing disrupted or creased in this area), simple, straight; MP– CuA area broader than other areas; CuA main posterior pectinate, with a strong main stem giving rise to 11 distal branches reaching the posterior wing margin, 1 distal veinlet vanishing in the cross-venation, and 4 proximal, well-developed veinlets vanishing in CuA–CuP area (or reaching CuP); CuP weak, straight; cross-venation forming (i) very small cells in the area between anterior wing margin and ScP (Fig. 3A), (ii) strong, straight cross-veins connected by weaker ones in the ScP–RA area (Fig. 3B), (iii) S-shaped cross-veins near the base of CuA branches (Fig. 3C), and (iv) a fine reticulation near the posterior wing margin (Fig. 3D); posterior wing margin with crenulation (alternating bulges and depressions; Fig. 3E). Remarks. Following Storozhenko (1998), the new species can be assigned to the family Ideliidae owing to the following combination of character states: area between anterior wing margin and ScP broad; CuA with many branches; CuA not clearly differentiated into CuA1 and CuA2; CuA with posterior, proximal veinlets vanishing in the CuA–CuP area or reaching CuP; cross-venation very fine in the whole wing. Within this family, our specimen shares the diagnostic features of the genus Ideliopsina, namely area between anterior wing margin and ScP very broad (about 2.7 times broader than maximum width of RA–RP area); RA simple (or, with mere distal anterior veinlets); R–M area (basal to the RA/RP fork) very narrow; MA straight; CuA proximal branches well-developed; all CuA branches directed towards the posterior wing margin (as opposed to ‘3–5 distal branches of CuA running alongside the posterior wing margin’). Compared with species belonging to Ideliopsina, the new species can be clearly distinguished from I. kenderlykensis, I. nana, I. ornata, and I. stupenda owing to first fork of MA located basal to the first fork of RP. Moreover, unlike I. kenderlykensis, it has a straight CuP. The new species resembles I. ruginosa in the respective positions of the first forks of RP and MA but differs from it by a larger forewing, with a straighter MP. Structures reminiscent of trichosors, as occurring in Neuroptera, have been reported by Storozhenko (1996) in I. ornata. In the new material we observed bulges and depressions alternating along the posterior wing margin (Fig. 3D, E), we propose to term ‘crenulation’. Whether this structure is similar to that known in I. ornata is not evident., Published as part of OYAMA, NOZOMU, SHINODA, KENJI, TAKAHASHI, HUMIO, DOI, EIJI & BÉTHOUX, OLIVIER, 2023, A new species of the Triassic genus Ideliopsina (Grylloblattida: Ideliidae) from the Ominé locality (Momonoki Formation, southwest Japan), pp. 205-213 in Palaeoentomology 6 (2) on pages 206-208, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.2.12, http://zenodo.org/record/7929038, {"references":["Hase, A. (1951) The Triassic in Yamaguchi Prefecture. In: Geological Survey of Japan (Ed.), Triassic stratigraphy of Japan, Geological Survey of Japan, pp. 72 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5575 / geosoc. 96.771","Ishibashi, T., Hashimoto, K., Nohara, M. & Yoshida, K. (1990) Triassic ammonites newly discovered in the western district of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Journal Geological Society of Japan, 96, 771 - 774.","Wakita, K., Nakagawa, T., Sakata, M., Tanaka, N. & Oyama, N. (2021) Phanerozoic accretionary history of Japan and the western pacific margin. Geological Magazine, 158, 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0016756818000742","Storozhenko, S. Y. (1998) Sistematika, filogeniya i evolyutsiya grilloblattidovykh nasekomykh (Insecta: Grylloblattida). Vladivostok, Dal'nauka, 207 pp.","Storozhenko, S. Y. (1996) New Triassic grylloblattids of the family Ideliidae (Plecopteroidea, Grylloblattida). Russian Entomological Journal, 5, 13 - 19."]}

Grylloblatta sp. “Ice crawler” Figures 72 (lateral), 73 (dorsal, ventral) Plates 45 (lateral), 46 (dorsal, ventral) Ice crawlers are remarkably active insects given their ecology, and studies have investigated their tolerance to cold (Schoville et al., 2015). Grylloblatta head morphology, especially musculature, was detailed by Wipfler et al. (2011) using both micro-CT and scanning electron microscopy, but tracheal morphology was notably absent from this study. As the sister group to Embioptera and Phasmatodea, the tracheal morphology of Grylloblattodea was important for assessing homology of these orders. Several head tracheae, including H-Oc, are difficult to localize. Grylloblattodea have very few ommatidia (Wipfler et al., 2011), and perhaps this is why tracheation appears reduced around the eyes relative to other taxa. In the thorax, T 2-DB branches off T 2- L, an unusual condition, as typically T 2-DB extends directly from T 2- S. This branch is very likely T 2-DB, as it leads to T 2- DLT, T 3- DLT, and successive tracheae as seen elsewhere. The branching pattern of T 2,3- AWL and PWL is also notable, in that it is unclear if these tracheae branch from T 2,3-DB or directly from T 2,3- S. Both conditions are present in other taxa, and this could merely be an “intermediate” positioning. DESCRIPTION: HEAD: Major tracheae indicated in plates, refer to figure 74 for head detail. Due to looping, networked 3-dimensional nature of Grylloblatta head tracheae, readers are encouraged to refer to digital supplemental models (see Availability of Digital Data, above). H-DCT slightly ventrad at cervix, curving dorsally on entry into head capsule; H-DCT divides into H-DCT-Vi1, H-DCT-Vi2, and H-Ant anteriad of cervix. H-DCT-V1 lateral and anteriad, following head capsule wall. H-Ant anteriad, curving laterally to extend into antennae. H-DCT-Vi2 anteriad, with each side curving anteriad to meet in X-shaped intersection at H-DX and continuing anteriorly before arcing ventrad to connect with H-VCT-Loop via dorsal-ventral branch H-DVB. H-Ant on specimen left side with link to H-DVB. Just posteriad of cervix, each H-DCT with small branch extending medially, joining in Y at base of head capsule into medial branch, extending anteriad as H-DCMedB (dorsal cephalic medial branch). H-DCMedB splits near vertex into three branches; two extend laterally, looping backward to connect with H-Ant as H-DCT-Loop; last branch directly dorsad, connecting to H-DX. H-VCT directly anteriad, with H-Lbm branching ventrad at posterior margin of submentum. H-VCT continuing anteriad with branches to H-Md and H-Lbr before curving medially to join H-VCT from opposite side in dorsal two branches of X-shaped H-AX. Ventral two branches of H-AX formed by H-Lbm, which continues anteriad before arcing dorsally to H-AX, forming H-Lbm-Loop. H-LbmPlp branching from H-Lbm-Loop near anterior curve of H-Lbm toward H-AX. H-Lbm extending anteriad from H-AX anteriormost point; H-Md extending anteriad from dorsal portion of H-Lbm-Loop before curving ventrad. H-DVB dorsal-ventral connection of H-DCT and H-VCT at branching off point of H-Md. Small H-VC running ventrad near anterior end of H-VCT-Loop. THORAX: T 2- S with four branches: H-DCT, H-VCT, T 2-DB, T 2-VB. T 2- CT absent. H-DCT runs anteriad from T 2- S with slight curve medially; branching of T 1- PL and T 1-Dvi at posterior margin of prothorax, with T 1- PL running laterally and ventrad, proceeding into proleg and T 1-Dvi directly anteriad; T 1-DB beginning just anterior of this split, extending dorsad to join with T 1- DLT in Y-shaped junction. H-DCT compressed laterally anterior of the split; compression likely preservational artifact. H-VCT similar in size to H-DCT, with single T 1- L branching directly ventrad, located mid prothorax. T 2-DB running initially dorsad splitting off large T 2- AWL, smaller T 2-DB continues, extending medially and dorsad, arcing posteriorly to connect to T 3- S via T 2- DLT. T 2- AWL arcing ventrally and posteriad, dividing into T 2- AL and T 2-Awba; T 2- AL continuing posteriorly into midleg, joining with T 2- PL near mesothoracic coxa; small T 2-Awba branching from T 2- AWL, dorsad near apex of arc toward T 2- L. T 2-VB short, proceeding ventrad and medially before splitting into T 1- VLT anteriad and T 2- VLT posteriad and ventrad. T 1- VLT with three ventral commissures: T 1-VC1 most anterior, at the apex of a long oval loop reaching the posterior end of the cervix; T 2-VC2 ventrad, joining at the opposite end of loop to forming X-shaped T 1-VX; T 2-VC3 near the prothoracic coxae; T 1-AL-VC branching ventrad from T 1- AL to connect with loop at halfway between T 1-VC1 and T 1-VC2. T 2- VLT runs ventrad and posteriad, extending toward mesothoracic coxae before turning dorsally to join with T 3-VB. T 2- VLT with three ventral commissures: T 2-VC1 most anterior, branching directly toward midline to join with opposite side; T 2-VC2 branching inward where T 2- VLT arcs dorsally; T 2-VC3, branching from metathoracic portion of T 2- VLT, branching medially and joining with T 2-VC2 at X-shaped intersection T 2-VX. T 2-Cx comprised of two branches, one each extending from T 2-VC2 and T 2-VC3. T 3- S with only two branches, short T 3-DB and T 3-VB. T 3-DB dorsad, splitting into T 2- PWL anteriad and ventrad, T 3- AWL arcing dorsad and posteriorly, and remaining small T 3-DB continuing dorsally to link T 2- DLT and T 3- DLT in Y-shaped junction. T 3-AWba absent; T 3-AWbr absent. Short T 2- PWL runs anteriad, dividing into ventral T 2- PL that links with T 2- AL from anterior, continuning into T 2- L; and small dorsal T 2-PWba. T 2-PWbr not present. T 3-VB short, bifurcating into connection to T 2- VLT from anterior and continuing as T 3- VLT toward posterior. T 3- VLT with two ventral commissures: T 3-VC1 slightly ventrad from T 2- VLT / T 3- VLT intersection; T 3-VC2 where T 3-Cx extends into base of metacoxae. T 3- VLT extends from split of T 3-Cx, continuing in shallow, ventral arc to link with A 1- VLT via A 1-VB. ABDOMEN: A 1..8- S present. All abdominal segments similar, with notable exceptions below. Short A n -SB present, bifurcating into A n -DB and A n -VB. A n -DB runs directly dorsad, linking with A n - DLT in Y-shaped junction; A 5-DB with short A 5-DB-Vi extending mediad. A n - DLT runs in shallow, dorsal arch along tergum; A n -DC absent; short, mediad A 4..6-DLT-Vi present; A 7-DLT-Vi beginning posteriad before arcing medially and then anteriad, extending past A 6- S; A 8- DLT extending posteriad into A-Cr. A 1-SB with two tracheae ventrad: T 3- L ventrad and slightly anteriad, extending into hind leg, along same path as A 1-SB; A 1-VB smaller, extending directly ventrad. A [2,4]-VB extending directly from A [2,4]-SB with no branches. A 3-VB runs directly from A 3-SB, with A 3-VB-Vi continuing ventrad before turning posteriorly while smaller A 3-VB directly ventrad. A [5,6] similar to A 3 with large A [5,6]-VB- Vi anteriad and smaller A [5,6]-VB ventrad. All A n -VB-Vi link with A n - VLT in Y-shaped junction, similar to A n - DLT, but with a less pronounced arch ventrad. A 8-VC present, other ventral commisures not visible and likely absent. Small A 9-VC visible., Published as part of Herhold, Hollister W, Davis, Steven R, Degrey, Samuel P & Grimaldi, David A, 2023, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA, pp. 1-184 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 459 (1) on pages 1-184, DOI: 10.5531/sd.sp.55, http://zenodo.org/record/7730159, {"references":["Schoville, S. D., R. A. Slatyer, J. C. Bergdahl, and G. A. Valdez. 2015. Conserved and narrow temperature limits in alpine insects: thermal tolerance and supercooling points of the ice-crawlers, Grylloblatta (Insecta: Grylloblattodea: Grylloblattidae). Journal of Insect Physiology 78: 55 - 61.","Wipfler, B., R. Machida, B. Muller, and R. G. Beutel. 2011. On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology 36 (2): 241 - 266."]}

Herhold, Hollister W, Davis, Steven R, Degrey, Samuel P, Grimaldi, David A (2023): COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 459 (1): 1-184, DOI: 10.5531/sd.sp.55, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.55

Lodevoisadia coheni gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 59BE288B-C752-4898-ACE5-72799793A9F6 Fig. 1 Diagnosis As for the genus (vide supra). Etymology Named after Henri Cohen, who discovered the type specimen and allowed us to study it. The specific epithet is to be treated as a noun in genitive case. Type material Holotype Specimen 2022.3.2 (number HC Can 01a-b, part and counterpart of a forewing, collection Henri Cohen); Musée of Lodève, France. Description Counterpart of an almost complete right forewing, with costal part of extreme base not preserved, 10.4 mm long (as preserved), ca 3.5 mm wide; area between C and ScP narrow, ca 0.2 mm wide; ScP simple, closely parallel to R, ending in C at 8.0 mm from wing base; few weak and short veinlets between RA and C near apex of RA; base of RP at 3.3 mm from wing base; RP simple; base of MP at 2.5 mm from wing base; MA simple; MP forked 3.3 mm distad origin of MP; crossveins in areas between RA and MP spaced; course of RP and MA nearly straight; areas between RA and RP and between RP and MA distally widened; CuA convex, with a nearly straight and simple basal posterior branch CuA2; CuA1 branched at 2.0 mm distad its base; area between MP and CuA1 rather broad basad first branch of CuA1; RP, M, and CuA well-separated; arculus m-cua present between M and CuA1; CuP concave, straight, and simple; AA1 and AA2 convex and simple.

Genus Lodevoisadia gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CB082E08-C310-4BBD-ACE8-FEFA3D7DC580 Type species Lodevoisadia coheni gen. et sp. nov. Diagnosis Costal area narrow; ScP ending into C; RP simple; MA simple; MP forked; CuA1 with three branches; CuA2 simple; arculus m-cua present between M and CuA1; areas between RA and RP, RP and MA, and between MA and MP distally widened; few simple crossveins between RP, MA, and MP. Etymology The genus name is a combination of the town of Lodève and the genus name Isadia. Gender feminine., Published as part of Nel, André, Kundura, Jean-Paul, Pouillon, Jean-Marc, Garrouste, Romain & Jouault, Corentin, 2022, A new ' grylloblattodean' genus and species (Insecta: Polyneoptera) from the middle Permian Salagou Formation (France), pp. 77-84 in European Journal of Taxonomy 852 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.852.2011, http://zenodo.org/record/7459029

Aristov, D.S., Gorochov, A.V. (2022): The genus Alekhosara Aristov, 2008 from the Upper Permian of Russia is a possible most ancient representative of the suborder Caelifera (Orthoptera). Far Eastern Entomologist 456: 22-24, DOI: 10.25221/fee.456.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.456.5

International audience; Lodevoisadia coheni gen. et sp. nov. is described as the ninth species of ‘Grylloblattodea’ from the middle Permian of the Salagou Formation, near Lodève town (France). It is currently not reasonable to place this species into a specific family, even though it seems to share most characters with the small family Tunguskapteridae. The lack of phylogenetic analysis and the current poor delineation of the majority of the grylloblattodean families (lacking synapomorphies) render any attribution of new taxa to a particular family often uncertain.

Storozhenko, S.Yu., Aristov, D.S. (2021): The latest record of the genus Belmophenopterum (Eoblattida: Mesorthopteridae) from the Middle Triassic of Kyrgyzstan. Far Eastern Entomologist 437: 31-36, DOI: 10.25221/fee.437.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.437.6

The first discovery of an insect wing from the Taiyuan Formation, near Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, China, is described. The combination of its wing venation characters makes it difficult to assign it to any known major Paleozoic group. The comparison is made among the new material, stem-Orthoptera species, and “fossil Grylloblattodea”. Further investigation on fossil insects from this locality is needed.

Permula simpliciradius (Poschmann & Nel, 2020) comb. nov. Emended diagnosis. CuA with four posterior branches; most basal posterior branch of CuA basal to fork of M into its two main branches; no arculus (oblique crossvein in area between M and CuA); the veinlets in costal area long and oblique (angles between veinlets and main stem of ScP ranging between 20�����30��). Locality and horizon. Holotype PE 2020/5002- LS a, b (part and counterpart): south of the village of Sitters, Saar-Nahe Basin, Germany; Niedermoschel black shale, Jeckenbach Subformation, Meisenheim Formation, Lower Rotliegend, probably Asselian���?Sakmarian, early Permian. Probably specimen NM 790 (basal fourth of a forewing, private collection of H. Stapf / Nierstein); also from the Niedermoschel black shale, east of the village of Niedermoschel, stored at the Pal��ontologisches Museum Nierstein, Germany., Published as part of NEL, ANDR�� & POSCHMANN, MARKUS J., 2021, Comparison of the recently described early Permian paoliid genus Permomertovia with the ' eoblattid' genera of the families Permulidae and Permotermopsidae, pp. 39-43 in Palaeoentomology 4 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/5507716, {"references":["Poschmann, M. & Nel, A. (2020) New Early Permian insects (Insecta: Paoliida and Grylloblattida) from the Niedermoschel black shale of the Saar-Nahe Basin, SW Germany. Palaeoentomology, 3 (6), 623 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 3.6.14"]}

Permula lebachensis (Schlechtendal, 1912) (Fig. 1) Material. Holotype, Institut f��r Geowissenschaften der Universit��t Bonn NVB 50���51 (part and counterpart of the basal fourth of a forewing); new specimen PE2021/5003- LS (a���b, part and counterpart of the basal fourth of a forewing), stored at the Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz/ Landessammlung f��r Naturkunde Rheinland-Pfalz. Diagnosis. CuA with three posterior branches; most basal posterior branch of CuA distal to fork of M into its two main branches; a weak arculus (oblique crossvein in area between M and CuA); veinlets in costal area short and weakly oblique (angles between veinlets and main stem of ScP ranging between 30�����50��). Locality and horizon. Holotype: Steinbach, Lebach- Saar, at the road leading to Sotzweiler/Tholey, Saarland, Germany; Odernheim Subformation, Meisenheim Formation, Lower Rotliegend, probably Asselian���?Sakmarian, early Permian. Specimen PE 2021/5003-LS: Mannweiler-C��lln, Saar-Nahe Basin, Germany; Niedermoschel black shale, Jeckenbach Subformation, Meisenheim Formation, Lower Rotliegend, early Permian., Published as part of NEL, ANDR�� & POSCHMANN, MARKUS J., 2021, Comparison of the recently described early Permian paoliid genus Permomertovia with the ' eoblattid' genera of the families Permulidae and Permotermopsidae, pp. 39-43 in Palaeoentomology 4 (1) on pages 39-40, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/5507716, {"references":["Schlechtendal, D. (1912) Untersuchung uber die karbonischen Insekten und Spinnen von Wettin unter Berucksichtigung verwandter Faunen. Erster Teil: Revision der Originale von Germar, Giebel und Goldenberg. Nova Acta. Abhandlungen der Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher, 98, 1 - 186."]}

Genus Permula Handlirsch, 1919 (transferred here to Paoliidae) Permomertovia Poschmann & Nel, 2020 syn. nov. Type species. Permula lebachensis (Schlechtendal, 1912) Other species. Permula simpliciradius (Poschmann & Nel, 2020) comb. nov. Emended diagnosis. Forewing characters only.Arculus brace (crossvein) between M and CuA absent or very weak; RP simple or with very few apical branches; M divided very basally into two long parallel branches, well basal to base of RP; regular series of straight crossveins in area between RP and M and between veinlets in area between C and ScP; only one anterior branch of CuA., Published as part of NEL, ANDR�� & POSCHMANN, MARKUS J., 2021, Comparison of the recently described early Permian paoliid genus Permomertovia with the ' eoblattid' genera of the families Permulidae and Permotermopsidae, pp. 39-43 in Palaeoentomology 4 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/5507716, {"references":["Handlirsch, A. (1919) Revision der Palaozoischen Insekten. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 96, 1 - 82.","Poschmann, M. & Nel, A. (2020) New Early Permian insects (Insecta: Paoliida and Grylloblattida) from the Niedermoschel black shale of the Saar-Nahe Basin, SW Germany. Palaeoentomology, 3 (6), 623 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 3.6.14","Schlechtendal, D. (1912) Untersuchung uber die karbonischen Insekten und Spinnen von Wettin unter Berucksichtigung verwandter Faunen. Erster Teil: Revision der Originale von Germar, Giebel und Goldenberg. Nova Acta. Abhandlungen der Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher, 98, 1 - 186."]}

NEL, ANDRÉ, POSCHMANN, MARKUS J. (2021): Comparison of the recently described early Permian paoliid genus Permomertovia with the 'eoblattid' genera of the families Permulidae and Permotermopsidae. Palaeoentomology 4 (1): 39-43, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.8

Key changes in ecological niche space are often critical to understanding how lineages diversify during adaptive radiations. However, the converse, or understanding why some lineages are depauperate and relictual, is more challenging, as many factors may constrain niche evolution. In the case of the insect order Grylloblattodea, highly conserved thermal breadth is assumed to be closely tied to their relictual status, but has not been formerly tested. Here, we investigate whether evolutionary constraints in the physiological tolerance of temperature can help explain relictualism in this lineage. Using a comparative transcriptomics approach, we investigate gene expression following acute heat and cold stress across members of Grylloblattodea and their sister group, Mantophasmatodea. We additionally examine patterns of protein evolution, to identify candidate genes of positive selection. We demonstrate that cold specialization in Grylloblattodea has been accompanied by the loss of the inducible heat shock response under both acute heat and cold stress. Additionally, there is widespread evidence of selection on protein-coding genes consistent with evolutionary constraints due to cold specialization. This includes positive selection on genes involved in trehalose transport, metabolic function, mitochondrial function, oxygen reduction, oxidative stress, and protein synthesis. These patterns of molecular adaptation suggest that Grylloblattodea have undergone evolutionary trade-offs to survive in cold habitats and should be considered highly vulnerable to climate change. Finally, our transcriptomic data provide a robust backbone phylogeny for generic relationships within Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea. Major phylogenetic splits in each group relate to arid conditions driving biogeographical patterns, with support for a sister-group relationship between North American Grylloblatta and Altai-Sayan Grylloblattella, and a range disjunction in Namibia splitting major clades within Mantophasmatodea. © 2020 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd