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158 results on '"Gryzenhout M"'

1. Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity

Author: Estonian Science Foundation, Estonian Research Council, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Baltic Research Cooperation Programme, King Saud University, European Commission, British Ecological Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Swedish Research Council, Ghent University, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Academy of Finland, National Science Foundation (US), Czech Science Foundation, Carlsberg Foundation, Qatar Petroleum, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina), Yunnan Province, Leopold III-Fonds, Research Foundation - Flanders, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Mikryukov, Vladimir [0000-0003-2786-2690], Dulya, Olesya [0000-0002-7185-8659], Zizka, Alexander [0000-0002-1680-9192], Bahram, Mohammad [0000-0002-9539-3307], Hagh-Doust, Niloufar [0000-0003-0616-5829], Anslan, Sten [0000-0002-2299-454X], Prylutskyi, Oleh [0000-0001-5730-517X], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Nilsson, Henrik [0000-0002-8052-0107], Pärn, Jaan [0000-0001-6507-8894], Öpik, Maarja [0000-0001-8025-7460], Moora, Mari [0000-0002-4819-7506], Zobel, Martin [0000-0001-7957-6704], Espenberg, Mikk [0000-0003-0469-6394], Mander, Ülo [0000-0003-2340-6989], Khalid, Abdul Nasir [0000-0002-5635-8031], Corrales, Adriana [0000-0001-9885-4634], Agan, Ahto [0000-0001-9010-8944], Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M. [0000-0003-0539-9711], Rinaldi, Andrea [0000-0002-9352-1037], Verbeken, A. [0000-0002-6266-3091], Sulistyo, Bobby [0000-0002-5203-4822], Furneaux, Brendan [0000-0003-3522-7363], Duarte Ritter, Camila [0000-0002-3371-7425], Nyamukondiwa, Casper [0000-0002-0395-4980], Sharp, Cathy [0009-0003-4985-1543], Marín, César [0000-0002-2529-8929], Gohar, Daniyal [0000-0003-0312-1142], Klavina, Darta [0000-0002-1455-9062], Dai, Dong Qin [0000-0001-8935-8807], Nouhra, Eduardo [0000-0002-7080-8211], Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth [0000-0002-9877-2177], Rähn, Elisabeth [0009-0005-5521-4772], Cameron, Erin [0000-0002-3374-9830], Crop, Eske de [0000-0002-9067-6981], Otsing. Eveli [0000-0001-7416-257X], Albornoz, Felipe [0000-0001-9526-0945], Brearley, Francis [0000-0001-5053-5693], Buegger, Franz [0000-0003-3526-4711], Zahn, Geoffrey [0000-0002-8691-692X], Bonito, Gregory [0000-0002-7262-8978], Hiiesalu, Inga [0000-0002-5457-2376], Barrio, Isabel [0000-0002-8120-5248], Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob [0000-0003-4713-6004], Doležal, Jiří [0000-0002-5829-4051], Kupagme, John [0000-0002-9981-050X], Maciá-Vicente, José [0000-0002-7174-7270], Geml, József [0000-0001-8745-0423], Alatalo, Juha [0000-0001-5084-850X], Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta [0000-0002-5581-7443], Põldmaa, Kadri [0000-0002-7936-2455], Runnel, Kadrid [0000-0002-7308-3623], Bråthen, Kari Anne [0000-0003-0942-1074], Pritsch, Karin [0000-0001-6384-2473], Newsham, Kevin K. [0000-0002-9108-0936], Panksep, Kristel [0000-0003-4743-6111], Lateef, Adebola A. [0000-0002-0510-7996], Lamit, Louis J. [0000-0002-0385-6010], Saba, M. [0000-0001-7673-2345], Tuomi, Maria [0000-0002-7154-5177], Gryzenhout, M. [0000-0002-9224-4277], Bauters, Marijn [0000-0003-0978-6639], Wijayawardene, Nalin N. [0000-0003-0522-5498], Yorou, Nourou [0000-0001-6997-811X], Kurina, Olavi [0000-0002-4858-4629], Mortimer, Peter [0000-0003-3188-9327], Kohout, Petr [0000-0002-3985-2310], Puusepp, Rasmus [0000-0002-0617-3776], Garibay-Orijel, Roberto [0000-0002-6977-7550], Godoy, Roberto [0000-0002-3719-3091], Alkahtani, Saad [0000-0001-7381-5110], Rahimlou, Saleh [0000-0003-0427-1329], Dudov, Sergey [0000-0003-1512-0956], Ghosh, Soumya [0000-0002-4945-3516], Mundra, Sunil [0000-0002-0535-118X], Ahmed, Talaat [0000-0001-8022-1855], Netherway, Tarquin [0000-0002-9049-9225], Henkel, Terry [0000-0001-9760-8837], Roslin, Tomas [0000-0002-2957-4791], Nteziryayo, Vincent [0000-0002-0176-5780], Fedosov, V. [0000-0002-5331-6346], Lim, Young Woon [0000-0003-2864-3449], Van Nuland, Michael [0000-0002-3333-0212], Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. [0000-0002-9584-2109], Antonelli, Alexandre [0000-0003-1842-9297], Kõljalg, Urmas [0000-0002-5171-1668], Abarenkov, K. [0000-0001-5526-4845, Tedersoo, Leho [0000-0002-1635-1249], Mikryukov, Vladimir, Dulya, Olesya, Zizka, Alexander, Bahram, Mohammad, Hagh-Doust, Niloufar, Anslan, Sten, Prylutskyi, Oleh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Maestre, Fernando T., Nilsson, Henrik, Pärn, Jaan, Ahmed, Talaat, Netherway, Tarquin, Henkel, Terry, Roslin, Tomas, Nteziryayo, Vincent, Fedosov, V., Onipchenko, Vladimir, Yasanthika, W. A. Erand, Lim, Young Woon, Van Nuland, Michael, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Antonelli, Alexandre, Kõljalg, Urmas, Abarenkov, K., Tedersoo, Leho, Öpik, Maarja, Moora, Mari, Zobel, Martin, Espenberg, Mikk, Mander, Ülo, Khalid, Abdul Nasir, Corrales, Adriana, Agan, Ahto, Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M., Saitta, A., Rinaldi, Andrea, Verbeken, A., Sulistyo, Bobby, Tamgnoue, Boris, Furneaux, Brendan, Duarte Ritter, Camila, Nyamukondiwa, Casper, Sharp, Cathy, Marín, César, Gohar, Daniyal, Klavina, Darta, Sharmah, Dipon, Dai, Dong Qin, Nouhra, Eduardo, Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth, Rähn, Elisabeth, Cameron, Erin, Crop, Eske de, Otsing. Eveli, Albornoz, Felipe, Brearley, Francis, Buegger, Franz, Zahn, Geoffrey, Bonito, Gregory, Hiiesalu, Inga, Barrio, Isabel, Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, Ankuda, Jelena, Doležal, Jiří, Kupagme, John, Maciá-Vicente, José, Djeugap Fovo, Joseph, Geml, József, Alatalo, Juha M., Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta, Põldmaa, Kadri, Runnel, Kadrid, Adamson, Kalev, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Pritsch, Karin, Tchan, Kassim I., Armolaitis, Kęstutis, Hyde, K.D., Newsham, Kevin K., Panksep, Kristel, Lateef, Adebola A., Hansson, Linda, Lamit, Louis J., Saba, M., Tuomi, Maria, Gryzenhout, M., Bauters, Marijn, Piepenbring, M., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Yorou, Nourou, Kurina, Olavi, Mortimer, Peter, Meidl, Peter, Kohout, Petr, Puusepp, Rasmus, Drenkhan, Rein, Garibay-Orijel, Roberto, Godoy, Roberto, Alkahtani, Saad, Rahimlou, Saleh, Dudov, Sergey, Polme, Sergei, Ghosh, Soumya, Mundra, Sunil, Estonian Science Foundation, Estonian Research Council, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Baltic Research Cooperation Programme, King Saud University, European Commission, British Ecological Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Swedish Research Council, Ghent University, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Academy of Finland, National Science Foundation (US), Czech Science Foundation, Carlsberg Foundation, Qatar Petroleum, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina), Yunnan Province, Leopold III-Fonds, Research Foundation - Flanders, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Mikryukov, Vladimir [0000-0003-2786-2690], Dulya, Olesya [0000-0002-7185-8659], Zizka, Alexander [0000-0002-1680-9192], Bahram, Mohammad [0000-0002-9539-3307], Hagh-Doust, Niloufar [0000-0003-0616-5829], Anslan, Sten [0000-0002-2299-454X], Prylutskyi, Oleh [0000-0001-5730-517X], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Nilsson, Henrik [0000-0002-8052-0107], Pärn, Jaan [0000-0001-6507-8894], Öpik, Maarja [0000-0001-8025-7460], Moora, Mari [0000-0002-4819-7506], Zobel, Martin [0000-0001-7957-6704], Espenberg, Mikk [0000-0003-0469-6394], Mander, Ülo [0000-0003-2340-6989], Khalid, Abdul Nasir [0000-0002-5635-8031], Corrales, Adriana [0000-0001-9885-4634], Agan, Ahto [0000-0001-9010-8944], Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M. [0000-0003-0539-9711], Rinaldi, Andrea [0000-0002-9352-1037], Verbeken, A. [0000-0002-6266-3091], Sulistyo, Bobby [0000-0002-5203-4822], Furneaux, Brendan [0000-0003-3522-7363], Duarte Ritter, Camila [0000-0002-3371-7425], Nyamukondiwa, Casper [0000-0002-0395-4980], Sharp, Cathy [0009-0003-4985-1543], Marín, César [0000-0002-2529-8929], Gohar, Daniyal [0000-0003-0312-1142], Klavina, Darta [0000-0002-1455-9062], Dai, Dong Qin [0000-0001-8935-8807], Nouhra, Eduardo [0000-0002-7080-8211], Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth [0000-0002-9877-2177], Rähn, Elisabeth [0009-0005-5521-4772], Cameron, Erin [0000-0002-3374-9830], Crop, Eske de [0000-0002-9067-6981], Otsing. Eveli [0000-0001-7416-257X], Albornoz, Felipe [0000-0001-9526-0945], Brearley, Francis [0000-0001-5053-5693], Buegger, Franz [0000-0003-3526-4711], Zahn, Geoffrey [0000-0002-8691-692X], Bonito, Gregory [0000-0002-7262-8978], Hiiesalu, Inga [0000-0002-5457-2376], Barrio, Isabel [0000-0002-8120-5248], Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob [0000-0003-4713-6004], Doležal, Jiří [0000-0002-5829-4051], Kupagme, John [0000-0002-9981-050X], Maciá-Vicente, José [0000-0002-7174-7270], Geml, József [0000-0001-8745-0423], Alatalo, Juha [0000-0001-5084-850X], Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta [0000-0002-5581-7443], Põldmaa, Kadri [0000-0002-7936-2455], Runnel, Kadrid [0000-0002-7308-3623], Bråthen, Kari Anne [0000-0003-0942-1074], Pritsch, Karin [0000-0001-6384-2473], Newsham, Kevin K. [0000-0002-9108-0936], Panksep, Kristel [0000-0003-4743-6111], Lateef, Adebola A. [0000-0002-0510-7996], Lamit, Louis J. [0000-0002-0385-6010], Saba, M. [0000-0001-7673-2345], Tuomi, Maria [0000-0002-7154-5177], Gryzenhout, M. [0000-0002-9224-4277], Bauters, Marijn [0000-0003-0978-6639], Wijayawardene, Nalin N. [0000-0003-0522-5498], Yorou, Nourou [0000-0001-6997-811X], Kurina, Olavi [0000-0002-4858-4629], Mortimer, Peter [0000-0003-3188-9327], Kohout, Petr [0000-0002-3985-2310], Puusepp, Rasmus [0000-0002-0617-3776], Garibay-Orijel, Roberto [0000-0002-6977-7550], Godoy, Roberto [0000-0002-3719-3091], Alkahtani, Saad [0000-0001-7381-5110], Rahimlou, Saleh [0000-0003-0427-1329], Dudov, Sergey [0000-0003-1512-0956], Ghosh, Soumya [0000-0002-4945-3516], Mundra, Sunil [0000-0002-0535-118X], Ahmed, Talaat [0000-0001-8022-1855], Netherway, Tarquin [0000-0002-9049-9225], Henkel, Terry [0000-0001-9760-8837], Roslin, Tomas [0000-0002-2957-4791], Nteziryayo, Vincent [0000-0002-0176-5780], Fedosov, V. [0000-0002-5331-6346], Lim, Young Woon [0000-0003-2864-3449], Van Nuland, Michael [0000-0002-3333-0212], Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. [0000-0002-9584-2109], Antonelli, Alexandre [0000-0003-1842-9297], Kõljalg, Urmas [0000-0002-5171-1668], Abarenkov, K. [0000-0001-5526-4845, Tedersoo, Leho [0000-0002-1635-1249], Mikryukov, Vladimir, Dulya, Olesya, Zizka, Alexander, Bahram, Mohammad, Hagh-Doust, Niloufar, Anslan, Sten, Prylutskyi, Oleh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Maestre, Fernando T., Nilsson, Henrik, Pärn, Jaan, Ahmed, Talaat, Netherway, Tarquin, Henkel, Terry, Roslin, Tomas, Nteziryayo, Vincent, Fedosov, V., Onipchenko, Vladimir, Yasanthika, W. A. Erand, Lim, Young Woon, Van Nuland, Michael, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Antonelli, Alexandre, Kõljalg, Urmas, Abarenkov, K., Tedersoo, Leho, Öpik, Maarja, Moora, Mari, Zobel, Martin, Espenberg, Mikk, Mander, Ülo, Khalid, Abdul Nasir, Corrales, Adriana, Agan, Ahto, Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M., Saitta, A., Rinaldi, Andrea, Verbeken, A., Sulistyo, Bobby, Tamgnoue, Boris, Furneaux, Brendan, Duarte Ritter, Camila, Nyamukondiwa, Casper, Sharp, Cathy, Marín, César, Gohar, Daniyal, Klavina, Darta, Sharmah, Dipon, Dai, Dong Qin, Nouhra, Eduardo, Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth, Rähn, Elisabeth, Cameron, Erin, Crop, Eske de, Otsing. Eveli, Albornoz, Felipe, Brearley, Francis, Buegger, Franz, Zahn, Geoffrey, Bonito, Gregory, Hiiesalu, Inga, Barrio, Isabel, Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, Ankuda, Jelena, Doležal, Jiří, Kupagme, John, Maciá-Vicente, José, Djeugap Fovo, Joseph, Geml, József, Alatalo, Juha M., Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta, Põldmaa, Kadri, Runnel, Kadrid, Adamson, Kalev, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Pritsch, Karin, Tchan, Kassim I., Armolaitis, Kęstutis, Hyde, K.D., Newsham, Kevin K., Panksep, Kristel, Lateef, Adebola A., Hansson, Linda, Lamit, Louis J., Saba, M., Tuomi, Maria, Gryzenhout, M., Bauters, Marijn, Piepenbring, M., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Yorou, Nourou, Kurina, Olavi, Mortimer, Peter, Meidl, Peter, Kohout, Petr, Puusepp, Rasmus, Drenkhan, Rein, Garibay-Orijel, Roberto, Godoy, Roberto, Alkahtani, Saad, Rahimlou, Saleh, Dudov, Sergey, Polme, Sergei, Ghosh, Soumya, and Mundra, Sunil
Abstract: How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.
Published: 2023

2. Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales), a New Family Including Cryphonectria, Chrysoporthe, Endothia and Allied Genera

Author: Gryzenhout, M., Myburg, H., Wingfield, B. D., and Wingfield, M. J.
Published: 2006

3. Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi

Author: Estonian Science Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Tedersoo, Leho [0000-0002-1635-1249], Zizka, Alexander [0000-0002-1680-9192, Hagh-Doust, Niloufar [0000-0003-0616-5829], Anslan, Sten [0000-0002-2299-454X], Prylutskyi. Oleh [0000-0001-5730-517X], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Moora, Mari [0000-0002-4819-7506], Zobel, Martin [0000-0001-7957-6704], Espenberg, Mikk [0000-0003-0469-6394], Mander, Ülo [Mander, Ülo], Khalid, Abdul Nasir [0000-0002-5635-8031], Corrales, Adriana [0000-0001-9885-4634], Agan, Ahto [0000-0001-9010-8944], Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M. [0000-0003-0539-9711], Saitta, A. [0000-0002-5670-7780], Sulistyo, Bobby [0000-0002-5203-4822], Furneaux, Brendan [0000-0003-3522-7363], Duarte Ritter, Camila [0000-0002-3371-7425], Nyamukondiwa, Casper [0000-0002-0395-4980], Marín, César [0000-0002-2529-8929], Gohar, Daniyal [0000-0003-0312-1142], Klavina, Darta [0000-0002-1455-9062], Dai, Dong Qin [0000-0001-8935-8807], Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth [0000-0002-9877-2177], Otsing. Eveli [0000-0001-7416-257X], Davydov, Evgeniy A. [0000-0002-2316-8506], Albornoz, Felipe [0000-0001-9526-0945], Buegger, Franz [0000-0003-3526-4711], Zahn, Geoffrey [0000-0002-8691-692X], Bonito, Gregory [0000-0002-7262-8978], Hiiesalu, Inga [0000-0002-5457-2376], Barrio, Isabel [0000-0002-8120-5248], Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob [0000-0003-4713-6004], Kupagme, John [0000-0002-9981-050X], Maciá-Vicente, José [0000-0002-7174-7270], Geml, József [0000-0001-8745-0423], Alatalo, Juha [0000-0001-5084-850X], Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta [0000-0002-5581-7443], Põldmaa, Kadri [0000-0002-7936-2455], Runnel, Kadrid [0000-0002-7308-3623], Bråthen, Kari Anne [0000-0003-0942-1074], Pritsch, Karin [0000-0001-6384-2473], Armolaitis, Kęstutis [0000-0001-8295-2440], Panksep, Kristel [0000-0003-4743-6111], Lateef, Adebola A. [0000-0002-0510-7996], Saba, M. [0000-0001-7673-2345], Tuomi, Maria [0000-0002-7154-5177], Gryzenhout, M. [0000-0002-9224-4277], Bauters, Marijn [0000-0003-0978-6639], Wijayawardene, Nalin N. [0000-0003-0522-5498], Yorou, Nourou [0000-0001-6997-811X], Kurina, Olavi [0000-0002-4858-4629], Kohout, Petr [0000-0002-3985-2310], Nilsson, R. H. [0000-0002-8052-0107], Garibay-Orijel, Roberto [0000-0002-6977-7550], Rahimlou, Saleh [0000-0003-0427-1329], Ghosh, Soumya [0000-0002-4945-3516], Mundra, Sunil [0000-0002-0535-118X], Netherway, Tarquin [0000-0002-9049-9225], Henkel, Terry W. [0000-0001-9760-8837], Roslin, Tomas [0000-0002-2957-4791], Fedosov, V. [0000-0002-5331-6346], Lim, Young Woon [0000-0003-2864-3449], Antonelli, Alexandre [0000-0003-1842-9297], Kõljalg, Urmas [0000-0002-5171-1668], Abarenkov, K. [0000-0001-5526-4845, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. [0000-0002-9584-2109], Tedersoo, Leho, Mikryukov, Vladimir, Zizka, Alexander, Bahram, Mohammad, Hagh-Doust, Niloufar, Anslan, Sten, Prylutskyi, Oleh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Maestre, Fernando T., Pärn, Jaan, Öpik, Maarja, Yasanthika, W. A. Erand, Lim, Young Woon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Antonelli, Alexandre, Kõljalg, Urmas, Abarenkov, K., Moora, Mari, Zobel, Martin, Espenberg, Mikk, Mander, Ülo, Khalid, Abdul Nasir, Corrales, Adriana, Agan, Ahto, Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M., Saitta, A., Rinaldi, Andrea, Sulistyo, Bobby, Tamgnoue, Boris, Furneaux, Brendan, Duarte Ritter, Camila, Nyamukondiwa, Casper, Sharp, Cathy, Marín, César, Gohar, Daniyal, Klavina, Darta, Sharmah, Dipon, Dai, Dong Qin, Nouhra, Eduardo, Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth, Rähn, Elisabeth, Cameron, Erin, Crop, Eske de, Otsing. Eveli, Davydov, Evgeniy A., Albornoz, Felipe, Brearley, Francis, Buegger, Franz, Zahn, Geoffrey, Bonito, Gregory, Hiiesalu, Inga, Barrio, Isabel, Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, Ankuda, Jelena, Kupagme, John, Maciá-Vicente, José, Djeugap Fovo, Joseph, Geml, József, Alatalo, Juha M., Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta, Põldmaa, Kadri, Runnel, Kadrid, Adamson, Kalev, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Pritsch, Karin, Tchan, Kassim I., Armolaitis, Kęstutis, Hyde, K.D., Newsham, Kevin K., Panksep, Kristel, Lateef, Adebola A., Tiirmann, Liis, Hansson, Linda, Lamit, Louis J., Saba, M., Tuomi, Maria, Gryzenhout, M., Bauters, Marijn, Piepenbring, M., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Yorou, Nourou, Kurina, Olavi, Mortimer, Peter, Meidl, Peter, Kohout, Petr, Nilsson, R. H., Puusepp, Rasmus, Drenkhan, Rein, Garibay-Orijel, Roberto, Godoy, Roberto, Alkahtani, Saad, Rahimlou, Saleh, Dudov, Sergey V., Põlme, S., Ghosh, Soumya, Mundra, Sunil, Ahmed, Talaat, Netherway, Tarquin, Roslin, Tomas, Nteziryayo, Vincent, Fedosov, V., Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Estonian Science Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Tedersoo, Leho [0000-0002-1635-1249], Zizka, Alexander [0000-0002-1680-9192, Hagh-Doust, Niloufar [0000-0003-0616-5829], Anslan, Sten [0000-0002-2299-454X], Prylutskyi. Oleh [0000-0001-5730-517X], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Moora, Mari [0000-0002-4819-7506], Zobel, Martin [0000-0001-7957-6704], Espenberg, Mikk [0000-0003-0469-6394], Mander, Ülo [Mander, Ülo], Khalid, Abdul Nasir [0000-0002-5635-8031], Corrales, Adriana [0000-0001-9885-4634], Agan, Ahto [0000-0001-9010-8944], Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M. [0000-0003-0539-9711], Saitta, A. [0000-0002-5670-7780], Sulistyo, Bobby [0000-0002-5203-4822], Furneaux, Brendan [0000-0003-3522-7363], Duarte Ritter, Camila [0000-0002-3371-7425], Nyamukondiwa, Casper [0000-0002-0395-4980], Marín, César [0000-0002-2529-8929], Gohar, Daniyal [0000-0003-0312-1142], Klavina, Darta [0000-0002-1455-9062], Dai, Dong Qin [0000-0001-8935-8807], Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth [0000-0002-9877-2177], Otsing. Eveli [0000-0001-7416-257X], Davydov, Evgeniy A. [0000-0002-2316-8506], Albornoz, Felipe [0000-0001-9526-0945], Buegger, Franz [0000-0003-3526-4711], Zahn, Geoffrey [0000-0002-8691-692X], Bonito, Gregory [0000-0002-7262-8978], Hiiesalu, Inga [0000-0002-5457-2376], Barrio, Isabel [0000-0002-8120-5248], Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob [0000-0003-4713-6004], Kupagme, John [0000-0002-9981-050X], Maciá-Vicente, José [0000-0002-7174-7270], Geml, József [0000-0001-8745-0423], Alatalo, Juha [0000-0001-5084-850X], Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta [0000-0002-5581-7443], Põldmaa, Kadri [0000-0002-7936-2455], Runnel, Kadrid [0000-0002-7308-3623], Bråthen, Kari Anne [0000-0003-0942-1074], Pritsch, Karin [0000-0001-6384-2473], Armolaitis, Kęstutis [0000-0001-8295-2440], Panksep, Kristel [0000-0003-4743-6111], Lateef, Adebola A. [0000-0002-0510-7996], Saba, M. [0000-0001-7673-2345], Tuomi, Maria [0000-0002-7154-5177], Gryzenhout, M. [0000-0002-9224-4277], Bauters, Marijn [0000-0003-0978-6639], Wijayawardene, Nalin N. [0000-0003-0522-5498], Yorou, Nourou [0000-0001-6997-811X], Kurina, Olavi [0000-0002-4858-4629], Kohout, Petr [0000-0002-3985-2310], Nilsson, R. H. [0000-0002-8052-0107], Garibay-Orijel, Roberto [0000-0002-6977-7550], Rahimlou, Saleh [0000-0003-0427-1329], Ghosh, Soumya [0000-0002-4945-3516], Mundra, Sunil [0000-0002-0535-118X], Netherway, Tarquin [0000-0002-9049-9225], Henkel, Terry W. [0000-0001-9760-8837], Roslin, Tomas [0000-0002-2957-4791], Fedosov, V. [0000-0002-5331-6346], Lim, Young Woon [0000-0003-2864-3449], Antonelli, Alexandre [0000-0003-1842-9297], Kõljalg, Urmas [0000-0002-5171-1668], Abarenkov, K. [0000-0001-5526-4845, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. [0000-0002-9584-2109], Tedersoo, Leho, Mikryukov, Vladimir, Zizka, Alexander, Bahram, Mohammad, Hagh-Doust, Niloufar, Anslan, Sten, Prylutskyi, Oleh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Maestre, Fernando T., Pärn, Jaan, Öpik, Maarja, Yasanthika, W. A. Erand, Lim, Young Woon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Antonelli, Alexandre, Kõljalg, Urmas, Abarenkov, K., Moora, Mari, Zobel, Martin, Espenberg, Mikk, Mander, Ülo, Khalid, Abdul Nasir, Corrales, Adriana, Agan, Ahto, Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M., Saitta, A., Rinaldi, Andrea, Sulistyo, Bobby, Tamgnoue, Boris, Furneaux, Brendan, Duarte Ritter, Camila, Nyamukondiwa, Casper, Sharp, Cathy, Marín, César, Gohar, Daniyal, Klavina, Darta, Sharmah, Dipon, Dai, Dong Qin, Nouhra, Eduardo, Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth, Rähn, Elisabeth, Cameron, Erin, Crop, Eske de, Otsing. Eveli, Davydov, Evgeniy A., Albornoz, Felipe, Brearley, Francis, Buegger, Franz, Zahn, Geoffrey, Bonito, Gregory, Hiiesalu, Inga, Barrio, Isabel, Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, Ankuda, Jelena, Kupagme, John, Maciá-Vicente, José, Djeugap Fovo, Joseph, Geml, József, Alatalo, Juha M., Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta, Põldmaa, Kadri, Runnel, Kadrid, Adamson, Kalev, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Pritsch, Karin, Tchan, Kassim I., Armolaitis, Kęstutis, Hyde, K.D., Newsham, Kevin K., Panksep, Kristel, Lateef, Adebola A., Tiirmann, Liis, Hansson, Linda, Lamit, Louis J., Saba, M., Tuomi, Maria, Gryzenhout, M., Bauters, Marijn, Piepenbring, M., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Yorou, Nourou, Kurina, Olavi, Mortimer, Peter, Meidl, Peter, Kohout, Petr, Nilsson, R. H., Puusepp, Rasmus, Drenkhan, Rein, Garibay-Orijel, Roberto, Godoy, Roberto, Alkahtani, Saad, Rahimlou, Saleh, Dudov, Sergey V., Põlme, S., Ghosh, Soumya, Mundra, Sunil, Ahmed, Talaat, Netherway, Tarquin, Roslin, Tomas, Nteziryayo, Vincent, Fedosov, V., and Onipchenko, Vladimir G.
Abstract: Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that the endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat and land-cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests, and woodlands. We stress that more attention should be focused on the conservation of fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical regions as well as unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between the endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high conservation needs in both groups, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms.
Published: 2022

4. Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi

Author: Tedersoo, L, Mikryukov, V, Zizka, A, Bahram, M, Hagh-Doust, N, Anslan, S, Prylutskyi, O, Delgado-Baquerizo, M, Maestre, FT, Pärn, J, Öpik, M, Moora, M, Zobel, M, Espenberg, M, Mander, Ü, Khalid, AN, Corrales, A, Agan, A, Vasco-Palacios, AM, Saitta, A, Rinaldi, AC, Verbeken, A, Sulistyo, BP, Tamgnoue, B, Furneaux, B, Ritter, CD, Nyamukondiwa, C, Sharp, C, Marín, C, Gohar, D, Klavina, D, Sharmah, D, Dai, DQ, Nouhra, E, Biersma, EM, Rähn, E, Cameron, E, De Crop, E, Otsing, E, Davydov, EA, Albornoz, F, Brearley, FQ, Buegger, F, Zahn, G, Bonito, G, Hiiesalu, I, Barrio, IC, Heilmann-Clausen, J, Ankuda, J, Kupagme, JY, Maciá-Vicente, JG, Fovo, JD, Geml, J, Alatalo, JM, Alvarez-Manjarrez, J, Põldmaa, K, Runnel, K, Adamson, K, Bråthen, KA, Pritsch, K, Tchan, KI, Armolaitis, K, Hyde, KD, Newsham, K, Panksep, K, Lateef, AA, Tiirmann, L, Hansson, L, Lamit, LJ, Saba, M, Tuomi, M, Gryzenhout, M, Bauters, M, Piepenbring, M, Wijayawardene, N, Yorou, NS, Kurina, O, Mortimer, PE, Meidl, P, Kohout, P, Nilsson, RH, Puusepp, R, Drenkhan, R, Garibay-Orijel, R, Godoy, R, Alkahtani, S, Rahimlou, S, Dudov, SV, Põlme, S, Ghosh, S, Mundra, S, Ahmed, T, Netherway, T, Henkel, TW, Roslin, T, Nteziryayo, V, Fedosov, VE, Onipchenko, V, Yasanthika, WAE, Lim, YW, Tedersoo, L, Mikryukov, V, Zizka, A, Bahram, M, Hagh-Doust, N, Anslan, S, Prylutskyi, O, Delgado-Baquerizo, M, Maestre, FT, Pärn, J, Öpik, M, Moora, M, Zobel, M, Espenberg, M, Mander, Ü, Khalid, AN, Corrales, A, Agan, A, Vasco-Palacios, AM, Saitta, A, Rinaldi, AC, Verbeken, A, Sulistyo, BP, Tamgnoue, B, Furneaux, B, Ritter, CD, Nyamukondiwa, C, Sharp, C, Marín, C, Gohar, D, Klavina, D, Sharmah, D, Dai, DQ, Nouhra, E, Biersma, EM, Rähn, E, Cameron, E, De Crop, E, Otsing, E, Davydov, EA, Albornoz, F, Brearley, FQ, Buegger, F, Zahn, G, Bonito, G, Hiiesalu, I, Barrio, IC, Heilmann-Clausen, J, Ankuda, J, Kupagme, JY, Maciá-Vicente, JG, Fovo, JD, Geml, J, Alatalo, JM, Alvarez-Manjarrez, J, Põldmaa, K, Runnel, K, Adamson, K, Bråthen, KA, Pritsch, K, Tchan, KI, Armolaitis, K, Hyde, KD, Newsham, K, Panksep, K, Lateef, AA, Tiirmann, L, Hansson, L, Lamit, LJ, Saba, M, Tuomi, M, Gryzenhout, M, Bauters, M, Piepenbring, M, Wijayawardene, N, Yorou, NS, Kurina, O, Mortimer, PE, Meidl, P, Kohout, P, Nilsson, RH, Puusepp, R, Drenkhan, R, Garibay-Orijel, R, Godoy, R, Alkahtani, S, Rahimlou, S, Dudov, SV, Põlme, S, Ghosh, S, Mundra, S, Ahmed, T, Netherway, T, Henkel, TW, Roslin, T, Nteziryayo, V, Fedosov, VE, Onipchenko, V, Yasanthika, WAE, and Lim, YW
Abstract: Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that the endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat and land-cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests, and woodlands. We stress that more attention should be focused on the conservation of fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical regions as well as unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between the endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high conservation needs in both groups, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms.
Published: 2022

5. Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact.

Author: Grace, MK, Akçakaya, HR, Bennett, EL, Brooks, TM, Heath, A, Hedges, S, Hilton-Taylor, C, Hoffmann, M, Hochkirch, A, Jenkins, R, Keith, DA, Long, B, Mallon, DP, Meijaard, E, Milner-Gulland, EJ, Rodriguez, JP, Stephenson, PJ, Stuart, SN, Young, RP, Acebes, P, Alfaro-Shigueto, J, Alvarez-Clare, S, Andriantsimanarilafy, RR, Arbetman, M, Azat, C, Bacchetta, G, Badola, R, Barcelos, LMD, Barreiros, JP, Basak, S, Berger, DJ, Bhattacharyya, S, Bino, G, Borges, PAV, Boughton, RK, Brockmann, HJ, Buckley, HL, Burfield, IJ, Burton, J, Camacho-Badani, T, Cano-Alonso, LS, Carmichael, RH, Carrero, C, Carroll, JP, Catsadorakis, G, Chapple, DG, Chapron, G, Chowdhury, GW, Claassens, L, Cogoni, D, Constantine, R, Craig, CA, Cunningham, AA, Dahal, N, Daltry, JC, Das, GC, Dasgupta, N, Davey, A, Davies, K, Develey, P, Elangovan, V, Fairclough, D, Febbraro, MD, Fenu, G, Fernandes, FM, Fernandez, EP, Finucci, B, Földesi, R, Foley, CM, Ford, M, Forstner, MRJ, García, N, Garcia-Sandoval, R, Gardner, PC, Garibay-Orijel, R, Gatan-Balbas, M, Gauto, I, Ghazi, MGU, Godfrey, SS, Gollock, M, González, BA, Grant, TD, Gray, T, Gregory, AJ, van Grunsven, RHA, Gryzenhout, M, Guernsey, NC, Gupta, G, Hagen, C, Hagen, CA, Hall, MB, Hallerman, E, Hare, K, Hart, T, Hartdegen, R, Harvey-Brown, Y, Hatfield, R, Hawke, T, Hermes, C, Hitchmough, R, Hoffmann, PM, Howarth, C, Hudson, MA, Hussain, SA, Huveneers, C, Jacques, H, Jorgensen, D, Katdare, S, Katsis, LKD, Kaul, R, Kaunda-Arara, B, Keith-Diagne, L, Kraus, DT, de Lima, TM, Lindeman, K, Linsky, J, Louis, E, Loy, A, Lughadha, EN, Mangel, JC, Marinari, PE, Martin, GM, Martinelli, G, McGowan, PJK, McInnes, A, Teles Barbosa Mendes, E, Millard, MJ, Mirande, C, Money, D, Monks, JM, Morales, CL, Mumu, NN, Negrao, R, Nguyen, AH, Niloy, MNH, Norbury, GL, Nordmeyer, C, Norris, D, O'Brien, M, Oda, GA, Orsenigo, S, Outerbridge, ME, Pasachnik, S, Pérez-Jiménez, JC, Pike, C, Pilkington, F, Plumb, G, Portela, RDCQ, Prohaska, A, Quintana, MG, Rakotondrasoa, EF, Ranglack, DH, Rankou, H, Rawat, AP, Reardon, JT, Rheingantz, ML, Richter, SC, Rivers, MC, Rogers, LR, da Rosa, P, Rose, P, Royer, E, Ryan, C, de Mitcheson, YJS, Salmon, L, Salvador, CH, Samways, MJ, Sanjuan, T, Souza Dos Santos, A, Sasaki, H, Schutz, E, Scott, HA, Scott, RM, Serena, F, Sharma, SP, Shuey, JA, Silva, CJP, Simaika, JP, Smith, DR, Spaet, JLY, Sultana, S, Talukdar, BK, Tatayah, V, Thomas, P, Tringali, A, Trinh-Dinh, H, Tuboi, C, Usmani, AA, Vasco-Palacios, AM, Vié, J-C, Virens, J, Walker, A, Wallace, B, Waller, LJ, Wang, H, Wearn, OR, van Weerd, M, Weigmann, S, Willcox, D, Woinarski, J, Yong, JWH, Young, S, Grace, MK, Akçakaya, HR, Bennett, EL, Brooks, TM, Heath, A, Hedges, S, Hilton-Taylor, C, Hoffmann, M, Hochkirch, A, Jenkins, R, Keith, DA, Long, B, Mallon, DP, Meijaard, E, Milner-Gulland, EJ, Rodriguez, JP, Stephenson, PJ, Stuart, SN, Young, RP, Acebes, P, Alfaro-Shigueto, J, Alvarez-Clare, S, Andriantsimanarilafy, RR, Arbetman, M, Azat, C, Bacchetta, G, Badola, R, Barcelos, LMD, Barreiros, JP, Basak, S, Berger, DJ, Bhattacharyya, S, Bino, G, Borges, PAV, Boughton, RK, Brockmann, HJ, Buckley, HL, Burfield, IJ, Burton, J, Camacho-Badani, T, Cano-Alonso, LS, Carmichael, RH, Carrero, C, Carroll, JP, Catsadorakis, G, Chapple, DG, Chapron, G, Chowdhury, GW, Claassens, L, Cogoni, D, Constantine, R, Craig, CA, Cunningham, AA, Dahal, N, Daltry, JC, Das, GC, Dasgupta, N, Davey, A, Davies, K, Develey, P, Elangovan, V, Fairclough, D, Febbraro, MD, Fenu, G, Fernandes, FM, Fernandez, EP, Finucci, B, Földesi, R, Foley, CM, Ford, M, Forstner, MRJ, García, N, Garcia-Sandoval, R, Gardner, PC, Garibay-Orijel, R, Gatan-Balbas, M, Gauto, I, Ghazi, MGU, Godfrey, SS, Gollock, M, González, BA, Grant, TD, Gray, T, Gregory, AJ, van Grunsven, RHA, Gryzenhout, M, Guernsey, NC, Gupta, G, Hagen, C, Hagen, CA, Hall, MB, Hallerman, E, Hare, K, Hart, T, Hartdegen, R, Harvey-Brown, Y, Hatfield, R, Hawke, T, Hermes, C, Hitchmough, R, Hoffmann, PM, Howarth, C, Hudson, MA, Hussain, SA, Huveneers, C, Jacques, H, Jorgensen, D, Katdare, S, Katsis, LKD, Kaul, R, Kaunda-Arara, B, Keith-Diagne, L, Kraus, DT, de Lima, TM, Lindeman, K, Linsky, J, Louis, E, Loy, A, Lughadha, EN, Mangel, JC, Marinari, PE, Martin, GM, Martinelli, G, McGowan, PJK, McInnes, A, Teles Barbosa Mendes, E, Millard, MJ, Mirande, C, Money, D, Monks, JM, Morales, CL, Mumu, NN, Negrao, R, Nguyen, AH, Niloy, MNH, Norbury, GL, Nordmeyer, C, Norris, D, O'Brien, M, Oda, GA, Orsenigo, S, Outerbridge, ME, Pasachnik, S, Pérez-Jiménez, JC, Pike, C, Pilkington, F, Plumb, G, Portela, RDCQ, Prohaska, A, Quintana, MG, Rakotondrasoa, EF, Ranglack, DH, Rankou, H, Rawat, AP, Reardon, JT, Rheingantz, ML, Richter, SC, Rivers, MC, Rogers, LR, da Rosa, P, Rose, P, Royer, E, Ryan, C, de Mitcheson, YJS, Salmon, L, Salvador, CH, Samways, MJ, Sanjuan, T, Souza Dos Santos, A, Sasaki, H, Schutz, E, Scott, HA, Scott, RM, Serena, F, Sharma, SP, Shuey, JA, Silva, CJP, Simaika, JP, Smith, DR, Spaet, JLY, Sultana, S, Talukdar, BK, Tatayah, V, Thomas, P, Tringali, A, Trinh-Dinh, H, Tuboi, C, Usmani, AA, Vasco-Palacios, AM, Vié, J-C, Virens, J, Walker, A, Wallace, B, Waller, LJ, Wang, H, Wearn, OR, van Weerd, M, Weigmann, S, Willcox, D, Woinarski, J, Yong, JWH, and Young, S
Abstract: Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a "Green List of Species" (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species' progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement against benchmarks of species' viability, functionality, and preimpact distribution) to determine current species recovery status (herein species recovery score) and application of that method to estimate past and potential future impacts of conservation based on 4 metrics (conservation legacy, conservation dependence, conservation gain, and recovery potential). We tested the framework with 181 species representing diverse taxa, life histories, biomes, and IUCN Red List categories (extinction risk). Based on the observed distribution of species' recovery scores, we propose the following species recovery categories: fully recovered, slightly depleted, moderately depleted, largely depleted, critically depleted, extinct in the wild, and indeterminate. Fifty-nine percent of tested species were considered largely or critically depleted. Although there was a negative relationship between extinction risk and species recovery score, variation was considerable. Some species in lower risk categories were assessed as farther from recovery than those at higher risk. This emphasizes that species recovery is conceptually different from extinction risk and reinforces the utility of the IUCN Green Status of Species to more fully understand species conservation status. Although extinction risk did not predict conservation legacy, conservation dependence, or conservation gain, it was positively correlated with recovery potential. Only 1.7% of tested species were categorized as zero across all 4 of these conservation impact metrics, indicating that conservation has
Published: 2021

6. Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex

Author: Geiser, D. M., Al-Hatmi, A., Aoki, T., Arie, T., Balmas, V., Barnes, I., Bergstrom, G. C, Bhattacharyya, M. K. K., Blomquist, C. L., Bowden, R., Brankovics, B., Guarro, J., Ward, T., Wickes, B., Everts, K. L., Wiederhold, N. P., Wingfield, M. J., Wood, A. K. M., Xu, J. R., Carrillo, J. D., Yang, X. B., Scauflaire, J., Yli-Matilla, T., Gugino, B., Yun, S. H., Zakaria, L., Zhang, H., Fernández-Pavía, S. P., Zhang, N., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Chang, H. X., Kim, H., Chen, C. Y., Chen, W., Gutiérrez, S., Chilvers, M. I., Chulze, S. N., Coleman, J. J., Cuomo, C. A., da Silva, G. F., de Beer, Z. W., de Hoog, G. S., Kistler, H. C., Del Castillo-Múnera, J., Del Ponte, E., Dieguez-Uribeondo, Javier, Hammond-Kosack, K., Di Pietro, A., Edel-Hermann, V., Elmer, W. H., Foroud, N. A., Fourie, G., Frandsen, R. J. N., Nucci, M., Freeman, S., Munaut, F., Freitag, Michael, Frenkel, O., Harris, L. J., Fuller, K. K., Gagkaeva, T., Gardiner, D. M., Glenn, A. E., Gold, S., Kuldau, G. A., Gordon, T., Gregory, N. F., Gryzenhout, M., Homa, M., Hong, C. F., Hornok, L., Huang, J. W., Burgess, L. W., Ilkit, M., Nicholson, P., Kulik, T., Jacobs, A., Jacobs, K., Jiang, C., Jiménez-Gasco, M. Mar, Kang, S., Kasson, M. T., Kazan, K., Kennell, J. C., Kurzai, O., Laraba, I., Laurence, M. H., Lee, T. Y., Eskalen, A., Lee, Y. W., Schmale, D. III., Lee, Y. H., Leslie, J. F., Liew, E. C. Y., O'Donnell, K., Lofton, L. W., Logrieco, A., López-Berges, M. S., Luque, A. G., Tortorano, A. M., Lysøe, E., Ma, L. J., Short, D. P., Marra, R. E., Martin, Frank N., May, S. R., McCormick, S., Pasquali, M., McGee, C. T., Meis, J. F., Urban, M., Migheli, Q., Mohamed Nor, N. M. I., Monod, M., Šišic, A., Moretti, A., Mostert, D., Mulé, G., Pfenning, L. H., Prigitano, A., Proctor, R., Busman, M., Ranque, S., Brown, D. W., Rehner, S., Rep, M., Smith, J., Rodríguez-Alvarado, G., Rose, L. J., Roth, M. G., Ruiz-Roldán, C., Saleh, A. A., Vaillancourt, L. J., Salleh, B., Sang, H., Scandiani, M., Smyth, C. W., Son, H., Spahr, E., Stajich, Jason E., Epstein, L., Steenkamp, Emma, Bushley, K., Vallad, G. E., Steinberg, C., Subramaniam, R., Suga, H., Summerell, B. A., Susca, A., Swett, C. L., Toomajian, C., Torres-Cruz, T. J., van der Lee, T., Vanderpool, D., van Diepeningen, A. D., Vaughan, M., Munkvold, G. P., Venter, E., Esposto, M. C., Vermeulen, M., Verweij, P. E., Viljoen, A., Cano-Lira, J. F., Waalwijk, C., Wallace, E. C., Walther, G., Wang, J., Geiser, D. M., Al-Hatmi, A., Aoki, T., Arie, T., Balmas, V., Barnes, I., Bergstrom, G. C, Bhattacharyya, M. K. K., Blomquist, C. L., Bowden, R., Brankovics, B., Guarro, J., Ward, T., Wickes, B., Everts, K. L., Wiederhold, N. P., Wingfield, M. J., Wood, A. K. M., Xu, J. R., Carrillo, J. D., Yang, X. B., Scauflaire, J., Yli-Matilla, T., Gugino, B., Yun, S. H., Zakaria, L., Zhang, H., Fernández-Pavía, S. P., Zhang, N., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Chang, H. X., Kim, H., Chen, C. Y., Chen, W., Gutiérrez, S., Chilvers, M. I., Chulze, S. N., Coleman, J. J., Cuomo, C. A., da Silva, G. F., de Beer, Z. W., de Hoog, G. S., Kistler, H. C., Del Castillo-Múnera, J., Del Ponte, E., Dieguez-Uribeondo, Javier, Hammond-Kosack, K., Di Pietro, A., Edel-Hermann, V., Elmer, W. H., Foroud, N. A., Fourie, G., Frandsen, R. J. N., Nucci, M., Freeman, S., Munaut, F., Freitag, Michael, Frenkel, O., Harris, L. J., Fuller, K. K., Gagkaeva, T., Gardiner, D. M., Glenn, A. E., Gold, S., Kuldau, G. A., Gordon, T., Gregory, N. F., Gryzenhout, M., Homa, M., Hong, C. F., Hornok, L., Huang, J. W., Burgess, L. W., Ilkit, M., Nicholson, P., Kulik, T., Jacobs, A., Jacobs, K., Jiang, C., Jiménez-Gasco, M. Mar, Kang, S., Kasson, M. T., Kazan, K., Kennell, J. C., Kurzai, O., Laraba, I., Laurence, M. H., Lee, T. Y., Eskalen, A., Lee, Y. W., Schmale, D. III., Lee, Y. H., Leslie, J. F., Liew, E. C. Y., O'Donnell, K., Lofton, L. W., Logrieco, A., López-Berges, M. S., Luque, A. G., Tortorano, A. M., Lysøe, E., Ma, L. J., Short, D. P., Marra, R. E., Martin, Frank N., May, S. R., McCormick, S., Pasquali, M., McGee, C. T., Meis, J. F., Urban, M., Migheli, Q., Mohamed Nor, N. M. I., Monod, M., Šišic, A., Moretti, A., Mostert, D., Mulé, G., Pfenning, L. H., Prigitano, A., Proctor, R., Busman, M., Ranque, S., Brown, D. W., Rehner, S., Rep, M., Smith, J., Rodríguez-Alvarado, G., Rose, L. J., Roth, M. G., Ruiz-Roldán, C., Saleh, A. A., Vaillancourt, L. J., Salleh, B., Sang, H., Scandiani, M., Smyth, C. W., Son, H., Spahr, E., Stajich, Jason E., Epstein, L., Steenkamp, Emma, Bushley, K., Vallad, G. E., Steinberg, C., Subramaniam, R., Suga, H., Summerell, B. A., Susca, A., Swett, C. L., Toomajian, C., Torres-Cruz, T. J., van der Lee, T., Vanderpool, D., van Diepeningen, A. D., Vaughan, M., Munkvold, G. P., Venter, E., Esposto, M. C., Vermeulen, M., Verweij, P. E., Viljoen, A., Cano-Lira, J. F., Waalwijk, C., Wallace, E. C., Walther, G., and Wang, J.
Abstract: Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user¿s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available
Published: 2021

7. Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1-kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic fusarium that includes the fusarium solani species complex

Author: Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Geiser DM; Al-Hatmi AMS; Aoki T; Arie T; Balmas V; Barnes I; Bergstrom GC; Bhattacharyya MK; Blomquist CL; Bowden RL; Brankovics B; Brown DW; Burgess LW; Bushley K; Busman M; Cano-Lira JF; Carrillo JD; Chang HX; Chen CY; Chen W; Chilvers M; Chulze S; Coleman JJ; Cuomo CA; Wilhelm de Beer Z; Sybren de Hoog G; Castillo-Munera JD; Del Ponte EM; Dieguez-Uribeondo J; Pietro AD; Edel-Hermann V; Elmer WH; Epstein L; Eskalen A; Esposto MC; Everts KL; Fernandez-Pavıa SP; da Silva GF; Foroud NA; Fourie G; Frandsen RJN; Freeman S; Freitag M; Frenkel O; Fuller KK; Gagkaeva T; Gardiner DM; Glenn AE; Gold SE; Gordon TR; Gregory NF; Gryzenhout M; Guarro J; Gugino BK; Gutierrez S; Hammond-Kosack KE; Harris LJ; Homa M; Hong CF; Hornok L; Huang JW; Ilkit M; Jacobs A; Jacobs K; Jiang C; del Mar Jimenez-Gasco M; Kang S; Kasson MT; Kazan K; Kennell JC; Kim HS; Corby Kistler H; Kuldau GA; Kulik T; Kurzai O; Laraba I; Laurence MH; Lee T; Lee YW; Lee YH; Leslie JF; Liew ECY; Lofton LW; Logrieco AF; Lopez-Berges MS; Luque AG; Lysøe E; Ma LJ; Marra RE; Martin FN; May SR; McCormick SP; McGee C; Meis JF; Migheli Q; Mohamed Nor NMI; Monod M; Moretti A; Mostert D; Mule G, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Geiser DM; Al-Hatmi AMS; Aoki T; Arie T; Balmas V; Barnes I; Bergstrom GC; Bhattacharyya MK; Blomquist CL; Bowden RL; Brankovics B; Brown DW; Burgess LW; Bushley K; Busman M; Cano-Lira JF; Carrillo JD; Chang HX; Chen CY; Chen W; Chilvers M; Chulze S; Coleman JJ; Cuomo CA; Wilhelm de Beer Z; Sybren de Hoog G; Castillo-Munera JD; Del Ponte EM; Dieguez-Uribeondo J; Pietro AD; Edel-Hermann V; Elmer WH; Epstein L; Eskalen A; Esposto MC; Everts KL; Fernandez-Pavıa SP; da Silva GF; Foroud NA; Fourie G; Frandsen RJN; Freeman S; Freitag M; Frenkel O; Fuller KK; Gagkaeva T; Gardiner DM; Glenn AE; Gold SE; Gordon TR; Gregory NF; Gryzenhout M; Guarro J; Gugino BK; Gutierrez S; Hammond-Kosack KE; Harris LJ; Homa M; Hong CF; Hornok L; Huang JW; Ilkit M; Jacobs A; Jacobs K; Jiang C; del Mar Jimenez-Gasco M; Kang S; Kasson MT; Kazan K; Kennell JC; Kim HS; Corby Kistler H; Kuldau GA; Kulik T; Kurzai O; Laraba I; Laurence MH; Lee T; Lee YW; Lee YH; Leslie JF; Liew ECY; Lofton LW; Logrieco AF; Lopez-Berges MS; Luque AG; Lysøe E; Ma LJ; Marra RE; Martin FN; May SR; McCormick SP; McGee C; Meis JF; Migheli Q; Mohamed Nor NMI; Monod M; Moretti A; Mostert D; Mule G
Abstract: Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user’s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available.
Published: 2021

8. The Eucalyptus canker pathogen Holocryphia eucalypti on Eucalyptus in New Zealand

Author: Gryzenhout, M., Vermeulen, M., Dick, M., and Wingfield, M. J.
Published: 2010
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9. Re-evaluation of Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti and Cryptosporiopsis-like species occurring on Eucalyptus leaves

Author: Cheewangkoon, R., Groenewald, J. Z., Verkley, G. J. M., Hyde, K. D., Wingfield, M. J., Gryzenhout, M., Summerell, B. A., Denman, S., Toanun, C., and Crous, P. W.
Published: 2010
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10. Cryptometrion aestuescens gen. sp. nov. (Cryphonectriaceae) pathogenic to Eucalyptus in Indonesia

Author: Gryzenhout, M., Tarigan, M., Clegg, P. A., and Wingfield, M. J.
Published: 2010
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11. Holocryphia eucalypti on Tibouchina urvilleana in Australia

Author: Heath, R. N., Roux, J., Gryzenhout, M., Carnegie, A. J., Smith, I. W., and Wingfield, M. J.
Published: 2007
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12. Other cankers caused by Cryphonectria and sibling species.

Author: Gryzenhout, M., primary
Published: 2013
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13. The occurrence and impact of Phytophthora on the African continent.

Author: Nagel, J. H., primary, Gryzenhout, M., additional, Slippers, B., additional, and Wingfield, M. J., additional
Published: 2013
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14. Phytophthora pinifolia sp. nov. associated with a serious needle disease of Pinus radiata in Chile

Author: Durán, A., Gryzenhout, M., Slippers, B., Ahumada, R., Rotella, A., Flores, F., Wingfield, B. D., and Wingfield, M. J.
Published: 2008

15. Dual DNA barcoding for the molecular identification of the agents of invasive fungal infections

Author: Hoang, M.T.V. Irinyi, L. Chen, S.C.A. Sorrell, T.C. Meyer, W. Arabatzis, M. Arthur, I. Cano-Lira, J.F. Cardinali, G. Castañón, L.R. Chen, W. Chindamporn, A. Colombo, A.L. Desnos-Ollivier, M. De Beer, W. De Hoog, S. Fungal, W. Dromer, F. Garcia-Hermoso, D. Gryzenhout, M. Guarro, J. Halliday, C. Hendrickx, M. Huhndorf, S. Andre Levesque, C. Moretti, M.L. De Medeiros Muniz, M. De Azevedo Melo, A.S. Nishikaku, A.S. Normand, A.-C. Pais, C. Piarroux, R. Ranque, S. Robbertse, B. Robert, V. Schoch, C.L. Seifert, K.A. De Almeida Soares, C.M. Spouge, J.L. Stubbe, D. Taylor, M.L. Toriello, C. Velegraki, A. Yurayart, C. Zancopé-Oliveira, R.M. Barcoding of Medical Fungi Working Group
Abstract: Invasive fungal infections, such as aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis, have significantly increased among immunocompromised people. To tackle these infections the first and most decisive step is the accurate identification of the causal pathogen. Routine identification of invasive fungal infections has progressed away from culture-dependent methods toward molecular techniques, including DNA barcoding, a highly efficient and widely used diagnostic technique. Fungal DNA barcoding previously relied on a single barcoding region, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. However, this allowed only for 75% of all fungi to be correctly identified. As such, the translational elongation factor 1α (TEF1α) was recently introduced as the secondary barcode region to close the gap. Both loci together form the dual fungal DNA barcoding scheme. As a result, the ISHAM Barcoding Database has been expanded to include sequences for both barcoding regions to enable practical implementation of the dual barcoding scheme into clinical practice. The present study investigates the impact of the secondary barcode on the identification of clinically important fungal taxa, that have been demonstrated to cause severe invasive disease. Analysis of the barcoding regions was performed using barcoding gap analysis based on the genetic distances generated with the Kimura 2-parameter model. The secondary barcode demonstrated an improvement in identification for all taxa that were unidentifiable with the primary barcode, and when combined with the primary barcode ensured accurate identification for all taxa analyzed, making DNA barcoding an important, efficient and reliable addition to the diagnostic toolset of invasive fungal infections. Copyright © 2019 Hoang, Irinyi, Chen, Sorrell, the ISHAM Barcoding of Medical Fungi Working Group and Meyer. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Published: 2019

16. Discovery of the Eucalyptus canker pathogen Chrysoporthe cubensis on native Miconia (Melastomataceae) in Colombia

Author: Rodas, C. A., Gryzenhout, M., Myburg, H., Wingfield, B. D., and Wingfield, M. J.
Published: 2005

17. Classification and spoilage characteristics of Chryseobacterium isolates from fish

Author: Gavu, Lydia, Hugo, C. J., Hitzeroth, A. C., Gryzenhout, M., Gavu, Lydia, Hugo, C. J., Hitzeroth, A. C., and Gryzenhout, M.
Abstract: The genus Chryseobacterium was initially reported to have only six species and the number has increased rapidly over the years. The genus is represented by a total of 113 species at present. Species belonging to the genus Chryseobacterium are widespread in nature. They have been reported from clinical, environmental, industrial and food sources. Their spoilage characteristics have been well defined in food products including poultry, meat, milk and milk products and fish. Development of unpleasant odours in food contaminated by Chryseobacterium species usually results from the activity of proteolytic enzymes. The first aim of this study was to classify 11 potential Chryseobacterium fish isolates from a previous study. The methods that were used included 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, conventional phenotypic methods and the BIOLOGTM Omnilog identification system. Chryseobacterium balustinum, C. gleum and C. piscium were used as reference strains throughout the whole study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the 11 Chryseobacterium isolates represented members of the genus Chryseobacterium. The highest similarity were obtained for C. piscium by strains SH 23-4 (98.89%), SH 28-3 (100%) and SH 30-1 (100%) and it was therefore concluded that these three strains could be other strains of C. piscium. This finding was confirmed by the phylogenetic treeing methods used in this study because the three strains clustered closely with C. piscium. Strains SH 11-3(a), SH 11-3(b), SH 20-4, SH 25-4, SH 40-3, SH 19-2(b) and SH 11-4(b) had sequence similarity values lower than 98.7%, it is therefore a possibility that these strains might be novel species of Chryseobacterium, however, further investigations need to be performed for confirmation. The BIOLOGTM Omnilog Gen III identification system and conventional phenotypic methods were also useful in classification. The BIOLOGTM Omnilog was also able to identify strains SH 23-4, SH 28-3 and SH 30-1, National Research Foundation (NRF), University of the Free State Post Graduate School
Published: 2019

18. Endophytic seed mycobiome of six sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars from commercial seedlots using an Illumina sequencing approach

Author: Agricultural Research Council (South Africa), Valverde Portal, Ángel [0000-0003-0439-9605], Kinge, T. R., Cason, Errol D., Valverde Portal, Ángel, Nyaga, M., Gryzenhout, M., Agricultural Research Council (South Africa), Valverde Portal, Ángel [0000-0003-0439-9605], Kinge, T. R., Cason, Errol D., Valverde Portal, Ángel, Nyaga, M., and Gryzenhout, M.
Abstract: Pathogen-free seeds are important for the establishment of young seedlings, prevention of health problems upon consumption by animals and livestock, and inadvertent movement of pathogens into and out of countries. However, testing for the presence of fungi, including pathogens from seeds is a time consuming and difficult process. In this study, we characterized the seed fungal microbiome (mycobiome) of six commercial sorghum cultivars from South Africa using a deep amplicon next generation sequencing approach based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal operon. Sorghum is the fifth most important crop in the world, and widely used by African farmers. We found that the fungi present in each of the seedlots were similar to those reported by cultural studies. By comparing phylotypes of certain key families and genera to phylotypes used in established phylogenies and reputed sequences from public databases, the diagnostic value of the NGS method was also investigated. We showed that a number of molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) could be identified at the species level and established that certain known pathogens are not present in the tested seeds, for instance in the Aspergillus group. Other groups could not be identified, not even to genus level. While acknowledging the shortcomings of using partial ITS data, we demonstrated that deep amplicon sequencing is a valuable diagnostic tool for seed disease control and prevention in some cases.
Published: 2019

19. First report of a new malformation disease of common karee (Searsia lancea) in South Africa

Author: Swanepoel, J., primary, Westcott, M., additional, and Gryzenhout, M., additional
Published: 2018
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20. Fungi Associated with Disease and Weevil Damage ofAmaranthus cruentusin South Africa

Author: Vermeulen, M., primary, Louw, S. vdM., additional, Marais, G.J., additional, Weeks, W.J., additional, Swart, W.J., additional, and Gryzenhout, M., additional
Published: 2018
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21. First Report of a Serious Cladode Disease of Opuntia ficus-indica (Prickly Pear) in South Africa caused by Bisifusarium lunatum

Author: Gryzenhout, M., primary, Fouche, H. J., additional, and Swart, W. J., additional
Published: 2017
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22. Studies on South African and New Zealand species of bulbinella using nuclear and chloroplast sequence data

Author: Musara, Collen, Spies, P., Gryzenhout, M., Spies, J., Musara, Collen, Spies, P., Gryzenhout, M., and Spies, J.
Abstract: The genus Bulbinella Kunth consists of geophytes occurring in South Africa and New Zealand and includes a number of beautiful, conspicuous, mostly threatened flowering species. The genus is composed of about 23 species and is taxonomically related to Bulbine Wolf and Kniphofia Moench. There are six species in New Zealand and 17 species in South Africa. The genus represents one of the most understudied genera in South Africa. The species relationships and complexes are poorly understood due to morphological homogeneity and it has been flagged as a priority to study due to its ethnomedicinal value. The aim of this thesis was to establish the first set of DNA sequence data for phylogenetic studies complimenting previous morphological and taxonomic studies because molecular techniques offers increased precision by permitting assessment of additional characters. This was done using a number of conventional phylogenetic genes for plants, as well as following a phylogenomic approach of the chloroplast. In the thesis the taxonomy, morphology and importance of species in Bulbinella were reviewed. The 94 specimens were sampled, of which 86 specimens were in-group and eight outgroup sequences, using either sequences obtained from GenBank or those generated in this study. DNA sequencing of four gene regions (ITS, rbcL, matK and psbA-trnH) was conducted to resolve some of the major questions in the phylogeny of Bulbinella in South Africa and New Zealand. Due to the fact that South African species relationships needed more definition, a subsequent phylogenetic analysis based on 34 protein-coding genes from 16 taxa was done in a phylogenomic approach to improve resolution and give a better understanding of the evolutionary process of Bulbinella. Phylogenies were constructed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) conducted in Garli v2 and Bayesian Inference (BI) using Mr Bayes v3.2, with consensus topologies generated using PHYLIP v3.695. For chloroplast draft genome assembly, the filter re, National Research Foundation
Published: 2017

23. Investigation of malformation symptoms in (Searsia lancea)

Author: Swanepoel, Juan, Gryzenhout, M., Westcott, M., Swanepoel, Juan, Gryzenhout, M., and Westcott, M.
Abstract: English: The common karee (Searsia lancea, Anacardiaceae) is a common, widely distributed tree in South Africa. Popular as a garden and street ornament, its fruit and foliage serve as a source of food for many animals and humans. It also has applications in the leather tanning industry and phytoremediation. Disease symptoms on S. lancea were reported that resemble malformations of the closely related mango (Mangifera indica, Anacardiaceae). This disease was named karee malformation disease (KMD). Formal investigation was conducted to determine whether malformation symptoms on the two separate genera of the Anacardiaceae family share a causal agent, namely Fusarium spp. A pilot study and review of literature identified other relevant aspects worthy of study including insect associations, and differences in phytohormone and nutrient concentrations between healthy and affected trees. It was determined that Fusarium spp., which cause malformation of M. indica, does not cause malformation of S. lancea. It is also unlikely that the dominant fungal group, Alternaria alternata, causes S. lancea malformations. However, this study identified interesting fungal and insect associations with healthy and malformed tissues of S. lancea. It is possible that the dominant insect group, namely Psyllidae, causes malformations of S. lancea directly, or indirectly by acting as a vector of another pathogen. Lower concentrations of the phytohormones gibberelic acid and jasmonic acid, and higher concentrations of salicylic acid were noted in malformed compared to healthy tissues of S. lancea. However, only the differences for salicylic acid were significant. Higher concentrations of the mineral nutrients nitrogen and potassium were noted for malformed tissues, while the phosphorus concentration was the same for both conditions of S. lancea., Afrikaans: Die rooi karee (Searsia lancea, Anacardiaceae) is ‘n algemene, wyd verspreide boom in Suid Afrika. Dit is gewild as ‘n tuin en straat versiering, en die vrugte en loof dien as voedselbron vir verskeie diere asook mense. Dit het ook toepassings in die leerlooiery industrie en plant-remediëring. Siekte simptome op S. lancea was aangemeld en lyk baie soos misvormings van die na verwante mango (Mangifera indica, Anacardiaceae). Die siekte is kareemisvorming (KMD) genoem. ‘n Formele ondersoek was geloots om vas te stel of misvorming simptome op hierdie verskillende genera van die Anacardiaceae familie ‘n gemene oorsaak deel, naamlik Fusarium spp. ‘n Proefsteek en resensie van literatuur het ander relevante aspekte identifiseer wat die moeite werd is om te ondersoek, insluitend insek assosiasies en verskille in plant hormoon- en voedingstof konsentrasies tussen gesonde en misvormde bome. Dit was bevind dat Fusarium spp., wat misvormings van M. indica veroorsaak, nie misvormings van S. lancea veroorsaak nie. Dit is ook onwaarskynlik dat die dominante swam groep, Alternaria alternata, misvormings van S. lancea veroorsaak. Nieteenstaande het hierdie studie interessante swam en insek assosiasies met gesonde en misvormde weefsel van S. lancea identifiseer. Dit is moontlik dat die dominate insek groep, naamlik Psyllidae, misvormings van S. lancea direk, of indirek as ‘n vektor van ‘n ander patogeen, kan veroorsaak. Laer konsentrasies van plant hormone gibberelliensuur en jasmoonsuur, en hoër konsentrasies van salisiensuur was opgemerk in misvormde weefsel in vergelyking met gesonde weefsel van S. lancea. Slegs die verskille in salisiensuur was egter beduidend. Hoër konsentrasies van mineraal voedingstowwe stikstof en kalium was opgemerk in misvormde weefsel, terwyl fosfaatkonsentrasies dieselfde was vir beide kondisies van S. lancea., Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation (DST-NRF), Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI, University of Pretoria)
Published: 2016

24. First report of Fusarium boothii from pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and camel thorn (Vachellia erioloba) trees in South Africa

Author: Gryzenhout, M., primary, Khooa, B., additional, and Landman, L., additional
Published: 2016
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25. Insects associated with malformation symptoms of common karee in the Free State, South Africa

Author: Mabunda, B.D.X., primary, Swanepoel, J., additional, Swart, V.R., additional, and Gryzenhout, M., additional
Published: 2016
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26. Deformations of plant tissues: A fascinating and poorly studied niche

Author: Gryzenhout, M., primary, Swanepoel, J., additional, Cloete, I., additional, Mabunda, B.D.X., additional, Louw, S.v.d.M., additional, Swart, V.R., additional, Westcott, M., additional, Reeksting, S., additional, Viljoen, R., additional, and Pietersen, G., additional
Published: 2016
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27. Five new species in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex discovered in one location

Author: Gryzenhout, M., primary and Jacobs, A., additional
Published: 2016
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28. Thrips associated with galling on native Vachellia and Senegalia species in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa

Author: Cloete, I., primary, Gryzenhout, M., additional, and Louw, S.vdM., additional
Published: 2016
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29. Fungi associated with disease and weevil damage of Amaranthus cruentus in South Africa.

Author: Vermeulen, M., Louw, S. vdM., Marais, G. J., Weeks, W. J., Swart, W. J., and Gryzenhout, M.
Subjects: FUNGAL diseases of plants, GRANARY weevil, AMARANTHS, AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL surveys
Abstract: Agronomic trials were conducted in central SouthAfrica to establish Amaranthus cruentus as a commercial grain crop. Knowledge of potential pest- and pathogen-related problems that might arise during cultivation is essential for future industry development. Previous studies linked fungi belonging to the genera Fusarium and Alternaria with weevil damage of leafy amaranth (A. hybridus). The aim of the present study was to conduct a disease survey to identify possible fungal association with weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and weevil damage in A. cruentus fields at Potchefstroom and Taung in the North-West Province, South Africa. Isolations were made from lesion margins, larval galleries of the weevil Hypolixus haerens, and stem lesions associated with the weevils Athesapeuta dodonis and Baris amaranthi. Weevil larvae associated with lesions as well as adults collected from plants in amaranth plots were euthanased and plated out onto fungal growth media. Fungi arising from the weevils were purified and identified to genus level based on morphology. Alternaria was predominantly isolated from leaf spots in contrast to Fusarium species that were isolated from root rot, cankered roots and stems. Fusarium species were by a considerable margin the dominant group associated with weevil damage and stem lesions, as well as larval tunnels, larval bodies and free living adults. Species of Cladosporium and Alternaria were also isolated from adult weevils with significant consistency. Other less dominant fungi isolated from adult weevils and larval tunnels included species of Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Humicola, Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Trichoderma. It is evident that Fusarium and Alternaria are the genera that host the most important and potentially dominant fungal pathogen taxa linked with grain amaranth disease symptoms and associated weevil pests. As such they will have to be investigated further in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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30. First Report of Colletotrichum asianum Causing Mango Anthracnose in South Africa

Author: Sharma, G., primary, Gryzenhout, M., additional, Hyde, K. D., additional, Pinnaka, A. K., additional, and Shenoy, B. D., additional
Published: 2015
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31. Finding needles in haystacks: Linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi

Author: Schoch, C. L., Robbertse, B., Robert, V., Vu, D., Cardinali, G., Irinyi, L., Meyer, W., Nilsson, R. H., Hughes, K., Miller, A. N., Kirk, P.M., Tedersoo, Leho, Tellería, M. T., Udayanga, D., Untereiner, W. A., Uribeondo, J. D., Subbarao, K. V., Vágvölgyi, C., Visagie, C., Voigt, K., Walker, D. M., Weir, B. S., Weiß, M., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wingfield, M. J., Xu, J. P., Yang, Z. L., Zhang, N., Zhuang, W.-Y., Federhen, Scott, Abarenkov, K., Aime, M. C., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bidartondo, M., Boekhout, T., Buyck, B., Cai, Q., Chen, J., Crespo, A., Crous, P. W., Damm, U., de Beer, Z.W., Dentinger, B. T. M., Divakar, Pradeep K., Dueñas, Margarita, Feau, N., Fliegerova, K., García, M. A., Ge, Z.-W., Griffith, G.W., Groenewald, J. Z., Groenewald, M., Grube, M., Gryzenhout, M., Gueidan, C., Guo, L., Hambleton, S., Hamelin, R., Hansen, K., Hofstetter, V., Hong, S.-B., Houbraken, J., Hyde, K.D., Inderbitzin, P., Johnston, P. R., Karunarathna, S. C., Kõljalg, Urmas, Kovacs, G., Kraichak, E., Krizsan, K., Kurtzman, Cletus P., Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Leavitt, S., Letcher, P. M., Liimatainen, K., Liu, J.-K., Lodge, D. J., Luangsa-Ard, J. J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., Manamgoda, D. S., Martín, María P., Minnis, A. M., Moncalvo, J.-M., Mulè, G., Nakasone, K. K., Niskanen, T., Olariaga, I., Papp, T., Petkovits, T., Pino Bodas, Raquel, Powell, M. J., Raja, H.A., Redecker, D., Sarmiento Ramírez, Jullie Melissa, Seifert, K. A., Shrestha, B., Stenroos, S., Stielow, B., Suh, S.-O., Tanaka, K., Schoch, C. L., Robbertse, B., Robert, V., Vu, D., Cardinali, G., Irinyi, L., Meyer, W., Nilsson, R. H., Hughes, K., Miller, A. N., Kirk, P.M., Tedersoo, Leho, Tellería, M. T., Udayanga, D., Untereiner, W. A., Uribeondo, J. D., Subbarao, K. V., Vágvölgyi, C., Visagie, C., Voigt, K., Walker, D. M., Weir, B. S., Weiß, M., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wingfield, M. J., Xu, J. P., Yang, Z. L., Zhang, N., Zhuang, W.-Y., Federhen, Scott, Abarenkov, K., Aime, M. C., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bidartondo, M., Boekhout, T., Buyck, B., Cai, Q., Chen, J., Crespo, A., Crous, P. W., Damm, U., de Beer, Z.W., Dentinger, B. T. M., Divakar, Pradeep K., Dueñas, Margarita, Feau, N., Fliegerova, K., García, M. A., Ge, Z.-W., Griffith, G.W., Groenewald, J. Z., Groenewald, M., Grube, M., Gryzenhout, M., Gueidan, C., Guo, L., Hambleton, S., Hamelin, R., Hansen, K., Hofstetter, V., Hong, S.-B., Houbraken, J., Hyde, K.D., Inderbitzin, P., Johnston, P. R., Karunarathna, S. C., Kõljalg, Urmas, Kovacs, G., Kraichak, E., Krizsan, K., Kurtzman, Cletus P., Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Leavitt, S., Letcher, P. M., Liimatainen, K., Liu, J.-K., Lodge, D. J., Luangsa-Ard, J. J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., Manamgoda, D. S., Martín, María P., Minnis, A. M., Moncalvo, J.-M., Mulè, G., Nakasone, K. K., Niskanen, T., Olariaga, I., Papp, T., Petkovits, T., Pino Bodas, Raquel, Powell, M. J., Raja, H.A., Redecker, D., Sarmiento Ramírez, Jullie Melissa, Seifert, K. A., Shrestha, B., Stenroos, S., Stielow, B., Suh, S.-O., and Tanaka, K.
Abstract: DNA phylogenetic comparisons have shown that morphology-based species recognition often underestimates fungal diversity. Therefore, the need for accurate DNA sequence data, tied to both correct taxonomic names and clearly annotated specimen data, has never been greater. Furthermore, the growing number of molecular ecology and microbiome projects using high-throughput sequencing require fast and effective methods for en masse species assignments. In this article, we focus on selecting and re-annotating a set of marker reference sequences that represent each currently accepted order of Fungi. The particular focus is on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region in the nuclear ribosomal cistron, derived from type specimens and/or ex-type cultures. Reannotated and verified sequences were deposited in a curated public database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), namely the RefSeq Targeted Loci (RTL) database, and will be visible during routine sequence similarity searches with NR_prefixed accession numbers. A set of standards and protocols is proposed to improve the data quality of new sequences, and we suggest how type and other reference sequences can be used to improve identification of Fungi.
Published: 2014

32. Genetic diversity of Chrysoporthe cubensis in eastern and southern Africa

Author: Nakabonge, G., Gryzenhout, M., Brenda Wingfield, Wingfield, M. J., and Roux, J.
Subjects: parasitic diseases
Abstract: Chrysoporthe cubensis is an important fungal pathogen of Eucalyptus species worldwide. The fungus is also known on many other hosts, all residing in the order Myrtales. Previous studies have suggested that Chr. cubensis might be native to South America and southeast Asia and that it has been introduced into Africa. Recently, surveys have been conducted in eastern and southern Africa to assess the distribution of Chrysoporthe spp. in this region. Chr. cubensis was found on Eucalyptus spp. in Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique. The aim of the study reported here was to determine the genetic diversity of Chr. cubensis populations from these countries. Population diversity studies were conducted using five pairs of microsatellite markers previously developed for Chr. cubensis. Results show that there is a very low genetic diversity within the populations of Chr. cubensis from Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique, implying that the fungus was probably recently introduced in these countries. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the origin of East African Chr. cubensis is most likely Asia.
Published: 2007

33. Finding needles in haystacks: linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi

Author: Schoch, C. L., primary, Robbertse, B., additional, Robert, V., additional, Vu, D., additional, Cardinali, G., additional, Irinyi, L., additional, Meyer, W., additional, Nilsson, R. H., additional, Hughes, K., additional, Miller, A. N., additional, Kirk, P. M., additional, Abarenkov, K., additional, Aime, M. C., additional, Ariyawansa, H. A., additional, Bidartondo, M., additional, Boekhout, T., additional, Buyck, B., additional, Cai, Q., additional, Chen, J., additional, Crespo, A., additional, Crous, P. W., additional, Damm, U., additional, De Beer, Z. W., additional, Dentinger, B. T. M., additional, Divakar, P. K., additional, Duenas, M., additional, Feau, N., additional, Fliegerova, K., additional, Garcia, M. A., additional, Ge, Z.-W., additional, Griffith, G. W., additional, Groenewald, J. Z., additional, Groenewald, M., additional, Grube, M., additional, Gryzenhout, M., additional, Gueidan, C., additional, Guo, L., additional, Hambleton, S., additional, Hamelin, R., additional, Hansen, K., additional, Hofstetter, V., additional, Hong, S.-B., additional, Houbraken, J., additional, Hyde, K. D., additional, Inderbitzin, P., additional, Johnston, P. R., additional, Karunarathna, S. C., additional, Koljalg, U., additional, Kovacs, G. M., additional, Kraichak, E., additional, Krizsan, K., additional, Kurtzman, C. P., additional, Larsson, K.-H., additional, Leavitt, S., additional, Letcher, P. M., additional, Liimatainen, K., additional, Liu, J.-K., additional, Lodge, D. J., additional, Jennifer Luangsa-ard, J., additional, Lumbsch, H. T., additional, Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., additional, Manamgoda, D., additional, Martin, M. P., additional, Minnis, A. M., additional, Moncalvo, J.-M., additional, Mule, G., additional, Nakasone, K. K., additional, Niskanen, T., additional, Olariaga, I., additional, Papp, T., additional, Petkovits, T., additional, Pino-Bodas, R., additional, Powell, M. J., additional, Raja, H. A., additional, Redecker, D., additional, Sarmiento-Ramirez, J. M., additional, Seifert, K. A., additional, Shrestha, B., additional, Stenroos, S., additional, Stielow, B., additional, Suh, S.-O., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Tedersoo, L., additional, Telleria, M. T., additional, Udayanga, D., additional, Untereiner, W. A., additional, Dieguez Uribeondo, J., additional, Subbarao, K. V., additional, Vagvolgyi, C., additional, Visagie, C., additional, Voigt, K., additional, Walker, D. M., additional, Weir, B. S., additional, Weiss, M., additional, Wijayawardene, N. N., additional, Wingfield, M. J., additional, Xu, J. P., additional, Yang, Z. L., additional, Zhang, N., additional, Zhuang, W.-Y., additional, and Federhen, S., additional
Published: 2014
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34. Surveys of soil and water reveal a goldmine of phytophthora diversity in South African natural ecosystems

Author: Oh, E., Gryzenhout, M., Wingfield, B.D., Wingfield, M.J., Burgess, T.I., Oh, E., Gryzenhout, M., Wingfield, B.D., Wingfield, M.J., and Burgess, T.I.
Abstract: Phytophthora species are well-known as destructive plant pathogens, especially in natural ecosystems. It is ironic, therefore, how little is known regarding the Phytophthora diversity in South African natural woody ecosystems. In this study, Phytophthora species were isolated using standard baiting techniques from 182 soil and water samples and these were identified based on ITS and coxI sequence data. The 171 resulting Phytophthora isolates resided in 14 taxa including six known species (P. multivora, P. capensis, P. cryptogea, P. frigida, P. cinnamomi, P. cinnamomi var. parvispora), the known but as yet unnamed Phytophthora sp. PgChlamydo, P. sp. emzansi, and P. sp. Kununurra and five novel taxa referred to as P. sp. stellaris, P. sp. Umtamvuna P. sp. canthium, P. sp. xWS, P. sp. xHennops. Four of the new taxa were found exclusively in water and two of these are hybrids. The most commonly isolated species from soil was P. multivora, a species recently described from Western Australia. Phytophthora frigida was isolated for the first time from stream water. With the exception of P. cinnamomi, very little is known regarding the biology, epidemiology or origin of Phytophthora in South Africa.
Published: 2013

35. Characterization of Phytophthora hybrids from ITS clade 6 associated with riparian ecosystems in South Africa and Australia

Author: Nagel, J.H., Gryzenhout, M., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M.J., Hardy, G.E.St.J., Stukely, M.J.C., Burgess, T.I., Nagel, J.H., Gryzenhout, M., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M.J., Hardy, G.E.St.J., Stukely, M.J.C., and Burgess, T.I.
Abstract: Surveys of Australian and South African rivers revealed numerous Phytophthora isolates residing in clade 6 of the genus, with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene regions that were either highly polymorphic or unsequenceable. These isolates were suspected to be hybrids. Three nuclear loci, the ITS region, two single copy loci (antisilencing factor (ASF) and G protein alpha subunit (GPA)), and one mitochondrial locus (cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (coxI)) were amplified and sequenced to test this hypothesis. Abundant recombination within the ITS region was observed. This, combined with phylogenetic comparisons of the other three loci, confirmed the presence of four different hybrid types involving the three described parent species Phytophthora amnicola, Phytophthora thermophila, and Phytophthora taxon PgChlamydo. In all cases, only a single coxI allele was detected, suggesting that hybrids arose from sexual recombination. All the hybrid isolates were sterile in culture and all their physiological traits tended to resemble those of the maternal parents. Nothing is known regarding their host range or pathogenicity. Nonetheless, as several isolates from Western Australia were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of dying plants, they should be regarded as potential threats to plant health. The frequent occurrence of the hybrids and their parent species in Australia strongly suggests an Australian origin and a subsequent introduction into South Africa.
Published: 2013

36. DNA sequence incongruence and inconsistent morphology obscure species boundaries in the Teratosphaeria suttonii species complex

Author: Taole, M.M., Burgess, T.I., Gryzenhout, M., Wingfield, B.D., Wingfield, M.J., Taole, M.M., Burgess, T.I., Gryzenhout, M., Wingfield, B.D., and Wingfield, M.J.
Abstract: Teratosphaeria suttonii (=Kirramyces epicoccoides) is a leaf pathogen that can cause premature defoliation, reduced growth and vigor, and subsequent tree death of many Eucalyptus species. Although the fungus primarily infects mature leaves in the lower canopy, infections can spread to younger leaves during continued epidemics or when trees are stressed. Teratosphaeria suttonii has a wide distribution in Australia and has been introduced to many other parts of the world, most probably with germplasm used to establish plantations. The aim of this study was to establish the phylogenetic relationships between T. suttonii isolates from different countries and to consider whether cryptic species exist in a species complex. DNA from parts of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, beta-tubulin, and elongation factor-1 alpha genes was sequenced and analyzed for isolates from throughout the range of T. suttonii in Australia, and from six countries (China, Indonesia, South Africa, Uruguay, United States, and Vietnam) where the pathogen is introduced. Morphometrics of conidia produced both in vivo and in vitro were also considered. Analysis of the sequence data resulted in incongruent genealogies. Furthermore, groups of isolates in the genealogies could not be linked to area of origin. Similarly, differences in conidial morphology could not be linked to any of the phylogenetic groups. There was no evidence of distinct species boundaries, and isolates from Australia were closely related to those from other parts of the world. The results of this study support the treatment of T. suttonii as a morphologically and genetically diverse species in its natural range in Australia. The diversity is reflected in introduced populations.
Published: 2012

37. Surveys of soil and water from asymptomatic natural ecosystems in South Africa reveal a goldmine of Phytophthora diversity

Author: Oh, E., Wingfield, M., Gryzenhout, M., Wingfield, B., Burgess, T., Oh, E., Wingfield, M., Gryzenhout, M., Wingfield, B., and Burgess, T.
Abstract: Phytophthora species are well known as destructive plant pathogens, especially in natural ecosystems. However, little is known regarding the Phytophthora diversity in forests of South Africa. In this study, Phytophthora species were isolated using standard baiting techniques from 150 soil and water samples and these were identified based on ITS and coxI sequence data. The 162 resulting Phytophthora isolates resided in 11 taxa including four known species (P. multivora, P. capensis P. frigida, P. cinnamomi) the known but as yet unnamed, Phytophthora taxon PgChlamydo and P. taxon emzanzi and five new taxa. The most commonly isolated species from soil was P. multivora (75%), a species recently described from Western Australia where it has been extensively associated with dead and dying trees. P. capensis and P. taxon emzanzi have recently been described from the Cape region of South Africa and P. multivora was also reported from this region. The extensive isolation of P. multivora from asymptomatic natural vegetation suggests that South Africa may be the origin of this species. P. frigida was isolated for the first time from stream water and P. taxon PgChlamydo was isolated for the first time in Africa. The new species were isolated from water and not surprisingly belong to ITS Clades 6 and 9. With the exception of P. cinnamomi, very little is known regarding the biology, epidemiology or origin of these species.
Published: 2012

38. The Eucalyptus canker pathogen Chrysoporthe cubensis discovered in eastern Australia

Author: Pegg, Geoff S., Gryzenhout, M., O'Dwyer, C., Drenth, A., Wingfield, M.J., Pegg, Geoff S., Gryzenhout, M., O'Dwyer, C., Drenth, A., and Wingfield, M.J.
Abstract: Chrysoporthe cubensis is an important pathogen of commercially planted Eucalyptus species (Myrtaceae) in tropical and subtropical parts of the world where these trees are planted as non-natives. Although the majority of Eucalyptus spp. are native to Australia, Chr. cubensis is not common there and has been reported only once from naturally growing Eucalyptus marginata in Western Australia. Chr. cubensis is able to infect hosts in the Myrtaceae and Melastomataceae other than Eucalyptus, but has not been found on hosts other than Eucalyptus in Australia. Recently, fruiting structures resembling those of Chr. cubensis were discovered on Tibouchina heteromalla, planted as a non-native in the Botanical Gardens in Cairns, northern Queensland. These fruiting structures and resulting isolates were characterised as Chr. cubensis in this study. Pathogenicity studies found that Corymbia spp., including commercially important spotted gum, are susceptible along with E. pilularis and E. dunnii. The discovery of Chr. cubensis on a non-native plant in the northern part of Australia is important as it might imply that the pathogen has been introduced into the country and pose a significant threat to native Eucalyptus forests. Alternatively, this fungus might occur naturally in the area on hosts other than Tibouchina, possibly Eucalyptus or related species, and that Australia forms part of its native range.
Published: 2010

39. Re-evaluation of Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti and Cryptosporiopsis-like species occurring on Eucalyptus

Author: Cheewangkoon, R., Groenewald, J.Z., Verkley, G.J.M., Hyde, K.D., Wingfield, M.J., Gryzenhout, M., Summerell, B.A., Denman, S., Toanan, C., Crous, P.W., Cheewangkoon, R., Groenewald, J.Z., Verkley, G.J.M., Hyde, K.D., Wingfield, M.J., Gryzenhout, M., Summerell, B.A., Denman, S., Toanan, C., and Crous, P.W.
Abstract: Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti is a common follicolous pathogen of Eucalyptus species in tropical and temperate regions where these trees are grown in plantations. The taxonomy of C. eucalypti is confused by the fact that it is phylogenetically unrelated to the type species of Cryptosporiopsis (Cryptosporiopsis nigra = C. scutellata, Helotiales). The aim of this study was to resolve the taxonomic position of C. eucalypti based on morphology and phylogenetic inference. Thirty-two Eucalyptus leaf samples with symptoms typical of C. eucalypti infection were collected from 10 tropical and temperate countries across four continents. Cultures were established from single conidia, as well as from ascospores of a previously unreported teleomorph state. DNA sequences were obtained for the 28 S nrDNA, the internal transcribed spacers of the nrDNA operon, and beta-tubulin regions to determine generic and species-level relationships. DNA-sequence analysis showed that conidial and ascospore isolates of C. eucalypti have low intraspecific variation, although two collections from Australia and one from Uruguay represented two novel taxa. Based on the newly collected teleomorph stage, as well as the phylogenetic data, C. eucalypti is shown to represent a new genus closely related to Plagiostoma (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) for which the names Pseudoplagiostoma gen. nov. and Pseudoplagiostomaceae fam. nov. (Diaporthales) are introduced. Two new species of Cryptosporiopsis (Dermateaceae, Helotiales) on Eucalyptus from Australia and California (USA) are also described.
Published: 2010

40. The Ascomycota Tree of Life: A Phylum-wide Phylogeny Clarifies the Origin and Evolution of Fundamental Reproductive and Ecological Traits

Author: Schoch, C.L., Sung, G.H., Lopez-Giraldez, F., Townsend, J.P., Miadlikowska, J., Hofstetter, V., Robbertse, B., Matheny, P.B., Kauff, F., Wang, Z., Gueidan, C., Andrie, R.M., Trippe, K., Ciufetti, L.M., Wynns, A., Fraker, E., Hodkinson, B.P., Bonito, G., Groenewald, J.Z., Arzanlou, M., de Hoog, G.S., Crous, P.W., Hewitt, D., Pfister, D.H., Peterson, K., Gryzenhout, M., Wingfield, M.J., Aptroot, A., Suh, S.O., Blackwell, M., Hillis, D.M., Griffith, G.W., Castlebury, L.A., Rossman, A.Y., Lumbsch, H.T., Lucking, R., Budel, B., Rauhut, A., Diederich, P., Ertz, D., Geiser, D.M., Hosaka, K., Inderbitzin, P., Kohlmeyer, J., Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B., Mostert, L., O'Donnell, K., Sipman, H., Rogers, J., Shoemaker, R.A., Sugiyama, J., Summerbell, R.C., Untereiner, W.A., Johnston, P.R., Stenroos, S., Zuccaro, A., Dyer, P.S., Crittenden, P.D., Cole, M.S., Hansen, K., Trappe, J.M., Yahr, R., Lutzoni, F., Spatafora, J.W., Schoch, C.L., Sung, G.H., Lopez-Giraldez, F., Townsend, J.P., Miadlikowska, J., Hofstetter, V., Robbertse, B., Matheny, P.B., Kauff, F., Wang, Z., Gueidan, C., Andrie, R.M., Trippe, K., Ciufetti, L.M., Wynns, A., Fraker, E., Hodkinson, B.P., Bonito, G., Groenewald, J.Z., Arzanlou, M., de Hoog, G.S., Crous, P.W., Hewitt, D., Pfister, D.H., Peterson, K., Gryzenhout, M., Wingfield, M.J., Aptroot, A., Suh, S.O., Blackwell, M., Hillis, D.M., Griffith, G.W., Castlebury, L.A., Rossman, A.Y., Lumbsch, H.T., Lucking, R., Budel, B., Rauhut, A., Diederich, P., Ertz, D., Geiser, D.M., Hosaka, K., Inderbitzin, P., Kohlmeyer, J., Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B., Mostert, L., O'Donnell, K., Sipman, H., Rogers, J., Shoemaker, R.A., Sugiyama, J., Summerbell, R.C., Untereiner, W.A., Johnston, P.R., Stenroos, S., Zuccaro, A., Dyer, P.S., Crittenden, P.D., Cole, M.S., Hansen, K., Trappe, J.M., Yahr, R., Lutzoni, F., and Spatafora, J.W.
Abstract: We present a 6-gene, 420-species maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Ascomycota, the largest phylum of Fungi. This analysis is the most taxonomically complete to date with species sampled from all 15 currently circumscribed classes. A number of superclass-level nodes that have previously evaded resolution and were unnamed in classifications of the Fungi are resolved for the first time. Based on the 6-gene phylogeny we conducted a phylogenetic informativeness analysis of all 6 genes and a series of ancestral character state reconstructions that focused on morphology of sporocarps, ascus dehiscence, and evolution of nutritional modes and ecologies. A gene-by-gene assessment of phylogenetic informativeness yielded higher levels of informativeness for protein genes (RPB1, RPB2, and TEF1) as compared with the ribosomal genes, which have been the standard bearer in fungal systematics. Our reconstruction of sporocarp characters is consistent with 2 origins for multicellular sexual reproductive structures in Ascomycota, once in the common ancestor of Pezizomycotina and once in the common ancestor of Neolectomycetes. This first report of dual origins of ascomycete sporocarps highlights the complicated nature of assessing homology of morphological traits across Fungi. Furthermore, ancestral reconstruction supports an open sporocarp with an exposed hymenium (apothecium) as the primitive morphology for Pezizomycotina with multiple derivations of the partially (perithecia) or completely enclosed (cleistothecia) sporocarps. Ascus dehiscence is most informative at the class level within Pezizomycotina with most superclass nodes reconstructed equivocally. Character-state reconstructions support a terrestrial, saprobic ecology as ancestral. In contrast to previous studies, these analyses support multiple origins of lichenization events with the loss of lichenization as less frequent and limited to terminal, closely related species., We present a 6-gene, 420-species maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Ascomycota, the largest phylum of Fungi. This analysis is the most taxonomically complete to date with species sampled from all 15 currently circumscribed classes. A number of superclass-level nodes that have previously evaded resolution and were unnamed in classifications of the Fungi are resolved for the first time. Based on the 6-gene phylogeny we conducted a phylogenetic informativeness analysis of all 6 genes and a series of ancestral character state reconstructions that focused on morphology of sporocarps, ascus dehiscence, and evolution of nutritional modes and ecologies. A gene-by-gene assessment of phylogenetic informativeness yielded higher levels of informativeness for protein genes (RPB1, RPB2, and TEF1) as compared with the ribosomal genes, which have been the standard bearer in fungal systematics. Our reconstruction of sporocarp characters is consistent with 2 origins for multicellular sexual reproductive structures in Ascomycota, once in the common ancestor of Pezizomycotina and once in the common ancestor of Neolectomycetes. This first report of dual origins of ascomycete sporocarps highlights the complicated nature of assessing homology of morphological traits across Fungi. Furthermore, ancestral reconstruction supports an open sporocarp with an exposed hymenium (apothecium) as the primitive morphology for Pezizomycotina with multiple derivations of the partially (perithecia) or completely enclosed (cleistothecia) sporocarps. Ascus dehiscence is most informative at the class level within Pezizomycotina with most superclass nodes reconstructed equivocally. Character-state reconstructions support a terrestrial, saprobic ecology as ancestral. In contrast to previous studies, these analyses support multiple origins of lichenization events with the loss of lichenization as less frequent and limited to terminal, closely related species.
Published: 2009

41. Proposals 016-020 to amend the international Code of Botanical Nomenclature

Author: Hawksworth, D.L., Crous, P.W., Dianese, J.C., Gryzenhout, M., Norvell, L.L., Seifert, K.A., Hawksworth, D.L., Crous, P.W., Dianese, J.C., Gryzenhout, M., Norvell, L.L., and Seifert, K.A.
Published: 2009

42. Population structure of the fungal pathogen Holocryphia eucalyptiin Australia and South Africa

Author: Nakabonge, G., Burgess, T., Gryzenhout, M., Wingfield, B.D., Wingfield, M.J., Roux, J., Nakabonge, G., Burgess, T., Gryzenhout, M., Wingfield, B.D., Wingfield, M.J., and Roux, J.
Abstract: Holocryphia eucalypti is a fungal pathogen that causes stem cankers on Eucalyptus species in South Africa and Australia. In South Africa it is considered opportunistic but in Australia it has been associated with occasional but serious disease problems. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic structure of a South African population of H. eucalypti and compare it with three Australian populations of the fungus. Seventy-two isolates from Eucalyptus spp. and clones in South Africa were compared with 30 isolates from E. globulus and 24 isolates from Corymbia calophylla in the south of Western Australia and 23 isolates from E. dunnii in eastern Australia. DNA of these isolates was amplified using eight pairs of microsatellite markers previously developed for H. eucalypti. Nei's gene diversity (H) showed that the eastern Australian population is the most genetically diverse and the Western Australian populations from Corymbia and Eucalyptus are somewhat less diverse. The South African population displayed the lowest genetic diversity. The high genetic diversity in the Australian populations supports the view that H. eucalypti is native to that region and was introduced into South Africa.
Published: 2008

43. Diversity and distribution of co-infecting Botryosphaeriaceae from Eucalyptus grandis and Syzygium cordatum in South Africa

Author: Pillay, K., primary, Slippers, B., additional, Wingfield, M.J., additional, and Gryzenhout, M., additional
Published: 2013
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44. Population structure ofChrysoporthe austroafricanain southern Africa determined using Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs)

Author: Vermeulen, M., primary, Gryzenhout, M., additional, Wingfield, M. J., additional, and Roux, J., additional
Published: 2012
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45. Identification and Pathogenicity of Chrysoporthe cubensis on Eucalyptus and Syzygium spp. in South China

Author: Chen, S. F., primary, Gryzenhout, M., additional, Roux, J., additional, Xie, Y. J., additional, Wingfield, M. J., additional, and Zhou, X. D., additional
Published: 2010
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46. Isolation and identification of endophytes from avocado roots

Author: Hakizimana, J.D., primary, Gryzenhout, M., additional, Coutinho, T.A., additional, and Van den Berg, N., additional
Published: 2010
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47. TheEucalyptuscanker pathogenHolocryphia eucalyptionEucalyptusin New Zealand

Author: Gryzenhout, M., primary, Vermeulen, M., additional, Dick, M., additional, and Wingfield, M. J., additional
Published: 2010
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48. Cryptometrion aestuescensgen. sp. nov. (Cryphonectriaceae) pathogenic toEucalyptusin Indonesia

Author: Gryzenhout, M., primary, Tarigan, M., additional, Clegg, P. A., additional, and Wingfield, M. J., additional
Published: 2010
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49. A new genus in the Cryphonectriaceae associated with Combretaceae and Lythraceae in Africa

Author: Vermeulen, M., primary, Begoude, D., additional, Gryzenhout, M., additional, Wingfield, M.J., additional, and Roux, J., additional
Published: 2009
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50. Botryosphaeriaceae associated withEucalyptuscanker diseases in Colombia

Author: Rodas, C. A., primary, Slippers, B., additional, Gryzenhout, M., additional, and Wingfield, M. J., additional
Published: 2009
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